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<mods:title id="443A31A0192B21662618BED4B6ED275B">Taxonomic revision of the genus Hyperaulax Pilsbry, 1897 (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora, Odontostomidae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="21FEDBE1B9185FEAA947DBE4386F201C" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159412606" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:21FEDBE1B9185FEAA947DBE4386F201C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/21FEDBE1B9185FEAA947DBE4386F201C" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="459" pageId="4" pageNumber="457" scope_class="Gastropoda" scope_order="Stylommatophora" scope_superFamily="Orthalicoidea">
<subSubSection id="8785B98C7C963BA228F5D4206C6DBE9E" pageId="4" pageNumber="457" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="CC86644365DCB87FE3557ED502A6CF3B" pageId="4" pageNumber="457">
<taxonomicName id="E5209A44B92EE8689ABCDDC5FBE9F358" ID-CoL="7RQ9Y" LSID="21FEDBE1B9185FEAA947DBE4386F201C" authority="Smith, 1890" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1890" class="Gastropoda" family="Odontostomidae" genus="Hyperaulax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyperaulax ramagei" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="457" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ramagei">
<pageBreakToken id="BBEBEB5DACE8C5F8FEBDFACE285ADD48" pageId="4" pageNumber="457" start="start">Hyperaulax</pageBreakToken>
ramagei (Smith, 1890)
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="15975275AC921479F386346F8857D2A7" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Hyperaulax ramagei. A-E. Lectotype, NHMUK 1988.6.24.163. F-J. Paralectotypes 1 to 5 (in order), including large forms in apparent sub-fossil state, NHMUK 1988.6.24.164 - 170. K. Specimen without the white spiral bands, NHMUK 1902.10.16.4." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.95.38259.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/339176" pageId="4" pageNumber="457" tableDoi="10.3897/zse.95.38259.figure3">Figs 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="23B5914283B0107D2303F455D7B19689" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Hyperaulax ramagei. A-C. Syntype of Bonnanius bouvieri, MNHN-IM- 2000 - 28020 (MNHN). D. Reproduction of &quot; Turbine 44 &quot; of Buonanni (1861), the holotype of Bonnanius bonnanius. E. Protoconch detail, NHMUK 1902.10.16.4." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.95.38259.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/339177" pageId="4" pageNumber="457" tableDoi="10.3897/zse.95.38259.figure4">4</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="4F44287FFAD4AD148B5D871158C9F119" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="94FBE2D0F7273AFD90E0FCA73E77D2A4" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
<pageBreakToken id="BE9B18FF67DD5CBD81F8E302323F2153" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" start="start">&quot;</pageBreakToken>
Turbine, in cui la prima voluta
<normalizedToken id="E0A9128640C60AF618EB7CD930EFFD1E" originalValue="è">e</normalizedToken>
(
<normalizedToken id="9D1EB47BFD702F758DEC1670796913DA" originalValue="…)”">...)&quot;</normalizedToken>
<bibRefCitation id="EB8A9E692462DB2915E0D55A184A9992" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.119125" author="Buonanni, F" journalOrPublisher="Felice Cefaretti, Rome" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" refId="B8" refString="Buonanni, F, 1681. Ricreatione dell'occhio e della mente. Nell'offeruatione delle Chiocciole, proposta a' suriosi delle opere della natura. Felice Cefaretti, Rome" title="Ricreatione dell'occhio e della mente. Nell'offeruatione delle Chiocciole, proposta a' suriosi delle opere della natura." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.119125" year="1681">Buonanni 1681</bibRefCitation>
: 185, fig. Turbine #44.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1D9E83A9E2AF2632157844D35742EF0C" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
<taxonomicName id="0B4E9C8E50EAD2B6A49814C83953C5B4" class="Gastropoda" family="Odontostomidae" genus="Bulimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bulimus (Tomigerus) Ramagei" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Ramagei" subGenus="Tomigerus">Bulimus (Tomigerus) Ramagei</taxonomicName>
E.A.
<bibRefCitation id="294C87B90D9AC09FBE5BEE85C6C83193" author="Smith, EA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Linnean Society of London" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" pagination="483 - 503" refId="B39" refString="Smith, EA, 1890. Mollusca. Journal of the Linnean Society of London 20: 483 - 503" title="Mollusca." volume="20" year="1890">Smith 1890</bibRefCitation>
: 500, pl. 30, fig. 8.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6E786108E82B69C10BAA3AFF4C3AF2BF" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
<taxonomicName id="6BAB9012D9EC62F418F4985B811E5B6D" class="Gastropoda" family="Odontostomidae" genus="Bulimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bulimus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Bulimus</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="79A97AF9A5215AFD502FFAB6707DD24D" class="Gastropoda" family="Odontostomidae" genus="Tomigerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tomigerus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Tomigerus</taxonomicName>
?)
<taxonomicName id="159C5E743BA7E6F0FBC5DA3FF4447E1A" class="Gastropoda" family="Odontostomidae" genus="Ramagei" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ramagei" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Ramagei</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="8D5A68564E0157498DAF5388945B7200" author="Dall, WH" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" pagination="395 - 460" refId="B10" refString="Dall, WH, 1896. Insular land shell faunas, especially as illustrated by the data obtained by Dr. G. Baur in the Galapagos Islands. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 48: 395 - 460" title="Insular land shell faunas, especially as illustrated by the data obtained by Dr. G. Baur in the Galapagos Islands." volume="48" year="1896">Dall 1896</bibRefCitation>
: 415.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="88481DEBCC2E8B84570A089CD210BC56" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
<taxonomicName id="60BDFE2711D14A6BB6E2958FB7FB378E" class="Gastropoda" family="Odontostomidae" genus="Bonnanius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bonnanius bouvieri" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bouvieri">Bonnanius bouvieri</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="188071130F45DEE3EDA8DC2F26E3756A" author="Jousseaume, F" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Philomathique de Paris" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" pagination="5 - 44" refId="B17" refString="Jousseaume, F, 1900. Mollusques terrestres. Clausilia, Rhodea et Bulimus Sud-Americanae. Bulletin de la Societe Philomathique de Paris 2: 5 - 44" title="Mollusques terrestres. Clausilia, Rhodea et Bulimus Sud-Americanae." volume="2" year="1900">Jousseaume 1900</bibRefCitation>
: 39, pl. 1, fig. 19.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B32391408BF0D7BAF4F2BDEEA4716BEA" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
<taxonomicName id="7126C88E8375C62D48CACBA3EAAE2B07" class="Gastropoda" family="Odontostomidae" genus="Bonnanius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bonnanius bonnanius" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bonnanius">Bonnanius bonnanius</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="5BC7465882E69293F55EAEC19BE4BD5C" author="Jousseaume, F" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Philomathique de Paris" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" pagination="5 - 44" refId="B17" refString="Jousseaume, F, 1900. Mollusques terrestres. Clausilia, Rhodea et Bulimus Sud-Americanae. Bulletin de la Societe Philomathique de Paris 2: 5 - 44" title="Mollusques terrestres. Clausilia, Rhodea et Bulimus Sud-Americanae." volume="2" year="1900">Jousseaume 1900</bibRefCitation>
: 41.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="74711C958831C8C413BE8D5EB5D1BB05" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
<taxonomicName id="301E2B7464595367E37B3B6033452586" class="Gastropoda" family="Odontostomidae" genus="Hyperaulax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyperaulax (Bonnanius) ramagei" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ramagei" subGenus="Bonnanius">Hyperaulax (Bonnanius) ramagei</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="703B31904835C39A8FADA5BE6712824B" author="Pilsbry, HA" journalOrPublisher="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" refId="B29" refString="Pilsbry, HA, 1901. Manual of conchology, second series. Pulmonata. Vol. 14. Oriental bulimoid Helicidae; Odontostomidae; Cerionidae. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia" title="Manual of conchology, second series. Pulmonata. Vol. 14. Oriental bulimoid Helicidae; Odontostomidae; Cerionidae." year="1901">Pilsbry 1901</bibRefCitation>
: 103, pl. 11, figs 60-62;
<bibRefCitation id="12FA48642C0BADC3EF012BE7DA85B310" author="Thiele, J" journalOrPublisher="Gustav Fisher Verlag, Jena" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" refId="B40" refString="Thiele, J, 1931. Handbuch der systematischen Weichtierkunde. Erster Band, Teil 2. Gustav Fisher Verlag, Jena" title="Handbuch der systematischen Weichtierkunde. Erster Band, Teil 2." year="1931">Thiele 1931</bibRefCitation>
: 611;
<bibRefCitation id="E3A6D68021C85A9D0E280A03D4FA6532" author="Morretes, FL" journalOrPublisher="Arquivos do Museu Paranaense" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" pagination="1 - 216" refId="B22" refString="Morretes, FL, 1949. Ensaio de catalogo dos moluscos do Brasil. Arquivos do Museu Paranaense 7: 1 - 216" title="Ensaio de catalogo dos moluscos do Brasil." volume="7" year="1949">Morretes 1949</bibRefCitation>
: 153;
<bibRefCitation id="4343E4851B1EBEE75B68765409A2DDBD" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0373-55241955000100005" author="Lopes, HS" journalOrPublisher="Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" pagination="157 - 196" refId="B19" refString="Lopes, HS, Alvarenga, M, 1955. Contribuicao ao conhecimento dos moluscos da Ilha Fernando de Noronha - Brasil. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 6: 157 - 196" title="Contribuicao ao conhecimento dos moluscos da Ilha Fernando de Noronha - Brasil." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0373-55241955000100005" volume="6" year="1955">Lopes and Alvarenga 1955</bibRefCitation>
: 181;
<bibRefCitation id="949DDD254F66087B3380086287883447" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" refId="B42">Zilch 1960</bibRefCitation>
: 505, fig. 1772;
<bibRefCitation id="36DC657F8375D5000A56DF63389219B1" author="Breure, ASH" journalOrPublisher="Basteria" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" pagination="109 - 127" refId="B3" refString="Breure, ASH, 1974. Catalogue of Bulimulidae (Gastropoda, Euthyneura), II. Odontostominae. Basteria 38: 109 - 127" title="Catalogue of Bulimulidae (Gastropoda, Euthyneura), II. Odontostominae." volume="38" year="1974">Breure 1974</bibRefCitation>
: 52;
<bibRefCitation id="EC3C475E6FF2538E23D57B4923BEAFC2" author="Breure, ASH" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" pagination="1137 - 1187" refId="B4" refString="Breure, ASH, 1975. Types of Bulimulidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 233: 1137 - 1187" title="Types of Bulimulidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris." volume="233" year="1975">Breure 1975</bibRefCitation>
: 1158;
<bibRefCitation id="17C16183F7047A12EA573A9F172D1579" author="Oliveira, MP" journalOrPublisher="MEC, UFJF, Juiz de Fora" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" refId="B24" refString="Oliveira, MP, Rezende, GJR, Castro, GA, 1981. Catalogo dos moluscos da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. Sinonimia de familia, genero e especie. MEC, UFJF, Juiz de Fora" title="Catalogo dos moluscos da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. Sinonimia de familia, genero e especie." year="1981">Oliveira et al. 1981</bibRefCitation>
: 350;
<bibRefCitation id="0BEA50165B77FF837350D1A0B397185E" author="Parkinson, B" journalOrPublisher="Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" refId="B25" refString="Parkinson, B, Hemmen, J, Groh, K, 1987. Tropical land shells of the world. Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden" title="Tropical land shells of the world." year="1987">Parkinson et al. 1987</bibRefCitation>
: 29;
<bibRefCitation id="1BAEC5D914B61C446E25791590498F2C" author="Abbott, RT" journalOrPublisher="American Malacologists, Melbourne" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" refId="B1" refString="Abbott, RT, 1989. Compendium of land shells. American Malacologists, Melbourne" title="Compendium of land shells." year="1989">Abbott 1989</bibRefCitation>
: 106, text fig.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3E525CDD2C202A2E8C4D05F453BA3EA1" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
<taxonomicName id="DDD4FBA949B41E366D3294D12A5CCD4D" class="Gastropoda" family="Odontostomidae" genus="Tomigerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tomigerus (Bonnanius) ramagei" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ramagei" subGenus="Bonnanius">Tomigerus (Bonnanius) ramagei</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="4C5E2782163DC17F8DA6D0FBCB2EF7C8" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.113-3462.429" author="Parodiz, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" pagination="429 - 456" refId="B26" refString="Parodiz, JJ, 1962. New and little-known species of South and Central American land snails (Bulimulidae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum 113: 429 - 456" title="New and little-known species of South and Central American land snails (Bulimulidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.113-3462.429" volume="113" year="1962">Parodiz 1962</bibRefCitation>
: 453.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E38B96A20217CD7A3540F68772A798D9" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
<taxonomicName id="C07AE8674135400BBE93C36106AD4DDF" class="Gastropoda" family="Odontostomidae" genus="Bulimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bulimus (Tomigerus) ramagei" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ramagei" subGenus="Tomigerus">Bulimus (Tomigerus) ramagei</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="1D1F06F148C6FC40F8B42FFC692BBCC2" author="Oliveira, MP" journalOrPublisher="Boletim do Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas e de Geociencias" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" pagination="1 - 46" refId="B23" refString="Oliveira, MP, Oliveira, MHR, 1984. Comunicacoes malacologicas n° 16. Listagem de tipos de GastropodaPulmonata brasileiros depositados em quatro museus europeus. Boletim do Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas e de Geociencias 38: 1 - 46" title="Comunicacoes malacologicas n ° 16. Listagem de tipos de GastropodaPulmonata brasileiros depositados em quatro museus europeus." volume="38" year="1984">Oliveira and Oliveira 1984</bibRefCitation>
: 19.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E9958680689F2C0EDFE2B3A2E389704B" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
<taxonomicName id="CF82E5123E83F595DDD6EE6E0A09D8FC" class="Gastropoda" family="Odontostomidae" genus="Bonnanius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bonnanius ramagei" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ramagei">Bonnanius ramagei</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="B6D228B4EA7C8625EAC8EE8A09808E0A" author="Schileyko, AA" journalOrPublisher="Ruthenica, Supplement" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" pagination="263 - 436" refId="B37" refString="Schileyko, AA, 1999. Treatise on Recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs. Part 3. Partulidae, Aillyidae, Bulimulidae, Orthalicidae, Megaspiridae, Urocoptidae. Ruthenica, Supplement 2: 263 - 436" title="Treatise on Recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs. Part 3. Partulidae, Aillyidae, Bulimulidae, Orthalicidae, Megaspiridae, Urocoptidae." volume="2" year="1999">Schileyko 1999</bibRefCitation>
: 339, fig. 419;
<bibRefCitation id="0729533B72188B5838AE11E95F9A3D7A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.182.2720" author="Breure, ASH" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" pagination="1 - 70" refId="B5" refString="Breure, ASH, Ablett, JD, 2012. Annotated type catalogue of the Bothriembryontidae and Odontostomidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Orthalicoidea) in the Natural History Museum, London. ZooKeys 182: 1 - 70" title="Annotated type catalogue of the Bothriembryontidae and Odontostomidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Orthalicoidea) in the Natural History Museum, London." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.182.2720" volume="182" year="2012">Breure and Ablett 2012</bibRefCitation>
: 34, figs 20A, B, 20i.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="08FC7D91F166B1EF3D99B764E96831F7" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
<taxonomicName id="53B8572D69E21E4B5544E6F385282F44" class="Gastropoda" family="Odontostomidae" genus="Hyperaulax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyperaulax ramagei" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ramagei">Hyperaulax ramagei</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="0DAFD914CF8E647BB082E4C80FFC8943" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" refId="B33">Salgado and Coelho 2003</bibRefCitation>
: 165;
<bibRefCitation id="8D877FD8DB811D6F10A931ADF4EA17E4" author="Salvador, RB" journalOrPublisher="Tuhinga" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" pagination="82 - 98" refId="B34" refString="Salvador, RB, 2019. Brazilian, Uruguayan and Argentinian land snails in the collection of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. Tuhinga 30: 82 - 98" title="Brazilian, Uruguayan and Argentinian land snails in the collection of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa." volume="30" year="2019">Salvador 2019</bibRefCitation>
: 87.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF473EEA6C3D4843FEEEC95E8494B769" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
<taxonomicName id="74C7C85041E4F3B80148CCB8830EB492" class="Gastropoda" family="Odontostomidae" genus="Bonnarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bonnarius" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Bonnarius</taxonomicName>
[sic]
<taxonomicName id="1504ED04A4D15295037948E64427B9AF" class="Gastropoda" family="Odontostomidae" genus="Bales" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bales ramagei" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ramagei">ramagei</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="CD946FE280DF45CC11D5DB4EE2B4E149" author="Simone, LRL" journalOrPublisher="EGB / FAPESP, Sao Paulo" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" refId="B38" refString="Simone, LRL, 2006. Land and freshwater mollusks of Brazil. EGB/FAPESP, Sao Paulo" title="Land and freshwater mollusks of Brazil." year="2006">Simone 2006</bibRefCitation>
: 178, fig. 638.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="87458195C5A436C94EA9DCA4FE0E5089" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="A514DF8D5B28865359F9A53E4B8FA58E" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="82440D52CB6CD1DADA8CC9BD8BEC95AB" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Fernando de Noronha Island, Ponta do Tabaco. Original (
<bibRefCitation id="8E57A66A7FCFDEE07C4FADF29FCF11F7" author="Smith, EA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Linnean Society of London" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" pagination="483 - 503" refId="B39" refString="Smith, EA, 1890. Mollusca. Journal of the Linnean Society of London 20: 483 - 503" title="Mollusca." volume="20" year="1890">Smith 1890</bibRefCitation>
: 500): &quot;imbedded in sandy mud on a raised reef at Tobacco Point (G.A. Ramage leg.)&quot;.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BEE2DB76AD5260AF20FA8AD9AF6FD202" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="0E90F4D3A6DA1A408C4205B79E3C7673" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4EEC72857F012EE45FBC6A2F73EE6D46" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">Known only from Fernando de Noronha Archipelago.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F9A8D764BC557473D5F53375915685A1" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" type="type material">
<paragraph id="BD7A2BD2A415622F6F4333091CC52D66" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="39D1CA7C48D7C788AE624D910EF1A703" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
Lectotype NHMUK 1888.6.27.163 (designation by
<bibRefCitation id="BBF317E81BA1CE7D15E478BAAE992223" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.182.2720" author="Breure, ASH" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" pagination="1 - 70" refId="B5" refString="Breure, ASH, Ablett, JD, 2012. Annotated type catalogue of the Bothriembryontidae and Odontostomidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Orthalicoidea) in the Natural History Museum, London. ZooKeys 182: 1 - 70" title="Annotated type catalogue of the Bothriembryontidae and Odontostomidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Orthalicoidea) in the Natural History Museum, London." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.182.2720" volume="182" year="2012">Breure and Ablett 2012</bibRefCitation>
). Paralectotypes: NHMUK 1888.6.27.164-170, 7 shells.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D7445BD23755ED41D2F45F3E1665863C" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="61CB1197FF8E535BE50DD27C95B1EA2C" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B539AB37F5430E791D90FB2E5A51284E" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
Types.
<emphasis id="13F6F0A8D4CA9B9A05670D39D668BAC4" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">BRAZIL</emphasis>
: Fernando de Noronha: ANSP 100531, 4 shells, H.v. Ihering leg., 1910; MNZ 205835, 4 shells, ex Suter coll. 5637; MNHN-IM-2000-28020 syntype of
<taxonomicName id="690A0D31894F583F96EF942B74A8D2E1" class="Gastropoda" family="Odontostomidae" genus="Bonnanius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bonnanius bouvieri" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bouvieri">
<emphasis id="B913DB7E2A17D95092151CA5C2F40FDF" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">Bonnanius bouvieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Jousseaume coll.; MNZ 205822, 5 shells, ex Suter coll. 5639; MZSP 7738, 14 shells; MZSP 97933, 3 shells, ex J. Vaz coll., A.
<normalizedToken id="6CE31A2E8D6923D48BA45F570AF4CA0D" originalValue="Nüssenbaum">Nuessenbaum</normalizedToken>
leg., viii/1973; NHMUK 1902.10.16.4, 1 shell; MZSP 131996, 3 shells, Ponta das Caracas,
<geoCoordinate id="B3E7A91A78CB67683EBCC37D6FE8EE09" degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="28" value="-3.8744445">3°52'28&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="22A77A9D04F968BD34C4364AA0A3C4EC" degrees="32" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="24" value="-32.423336">32°25'24&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, F. Schunck leg., 27/ix/2013; NHMUK 20170271, 13 shells, from sand on north end of island, 16/vi/1887; USNM 518215,&gt;30 shells, W. Williamson leg.; USNM 709805,&gt;30 shells, dunes in Porto Santo
<normalizedToken id="4DBF0A043CB5E1F9AC5A1275335B9316" originalValue="Antônio">Antonio</normalizedToken>
, L. Storrs et al. leg.,
<normalizedToken id="EB7819A5303A66CF0379AC5509FB808B" originalValue="vii–viii">vii-viii</normalizedToken>
/1973; USNM 709806,&gt;30 shells, Porto Santo
<normalizedToken id="BF7701C2B75C01229DEF5343854080A0" originalValue="Antônio">Antonio</normalizedToken>
, L. Storrs et al. leg.; ZSM 7861, 1 shell, 1940; ZSM no nr., 3 shells.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="782DF1113234DA33167387676DED3199" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="466A654EF097C2B35F9B81300563008A" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="92B0851B837EA4923552641FB951083D" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">The shell is larger overall and has a broader profile. The riblets on the second part of the protoconch are more defined. The peristome is strongly thickened and displays marked apertural teeth.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FD143C3247810141F7CE74B7BA351B68" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" type="description">
<paragraph id="9238BB2D7ABBD22DC3054F76E38C2D63" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6FFEC5FEBD34AE728710E9F871CD63E6" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
Shell medium-sized, bulimoid, rounded; W ~
<normalizedToken id="EF86167E74B27097465E6633BA345D61" originalValue="4½">41/2</normalizedToken>
. Shell color chestnut brown; spire apex light brown to cream-colored; up to four equidistant white spiral bands might be present on lateral portion of whorls (but entirely brown morphs also occur); periumbilical region usually discolored, whitish; peristome and apertural teeth white. Protoconch (w ~
<normalizedToken id="D6A37C71DB25EDAF71B7AE83C4FAFA3A" originalValue="1¾">13/4</normalizedToken>
) rounded; first
<normalizedToken id="C0382530DE6F7343F70EFD6239511B27" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
whorl presenting undefined anastomosing sculpture; remainder sculptured by fine sinuous axial usually well-defined riblets (but sometimes anastomosed in some areas) that become less pronounced towards teleoconch; transition to teleoconch unclear (but sometimes with thickening of the last riblet). Teleoconch smooth (except for growth lines, which become more marked towards aperture). Suture well-marked, but not deep. Aperture roughly ovoid, but angulate. Peristome reflected and strongly thickened; some older specimens show continuous thickening of the peristome; parietal callus might be present in older specimens. Apertural teeth present: two knob-like parietal teeth positioned slightly towards the interior of shell (not always present); long palatal tooth in the middle portion of palatal region (its surface goes from smooth to serrated, with up to three distinct points); columellar tooth elongated, with smooth surface. Both columellar and palatal tooth produce a marked depression on outer wall of shell. Umbilicus slit-like.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AE410B5BA75DD72F2E0DB53E54C238D1" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" type="description">
<paragraph id="195B600F828712592FED2A45CDBBFEE7" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">Dimensions.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7B8657821061A413D7DA4C3BBE55C8BB" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
Lectotype: H = 17.3 mm, D = 12.3 mm, h = 8.8 mm, d = 6.6, W = 4, w = 2. Paralectotype #1: H = 22.3, D = 15.6 mm, h = 10.9 mm, d = 7.7 mm, W =
<normalizedToken id="982D642E058E7D06B3C30FBD5958505B" originalValue="4¾">43/4</normalizedToken>
. Paralectotype #2: H = 23.5 mm, D = 16.0 mm, h = 11.2 mm, d = 8.7 mm, W = 5. Paralectotype #3: H = 19.5 mm, D = 14.6 mm, h = 10 mm, d = 7.2 mm, W =
<normalizedToken id="59B382E0870E8EDF78864DD41E048537" originalValue="4½">41/2</normalizedToken>
, w =
<normalizedToken id="B5BCD9757843C132FEC8BDD7520CDDD1" originalValue="1¾">13/4</normalizedToken>
. Paralectotype #4: H = 19.6 mm, D = 13.7 mm, h = 8.8 mm, d = 6.7 mm, W =
<normalizedToken id="C18697A461C73E5C318B4B319D440276" originalValue="4½">41/2</normalizedToken>
. Paralectotype #5: H = 20.3 mm, D = 13.2 mm, h = 9.8 mm, d = 7.4 mm, W =
<normalizedToken id="7CA2974CBCD8160BC7C4565C6397B4E0" originalValue="4¾">43/4</normalizedToken>
, w =
<normalizedToken id="A55C48E9F6730B2F09A95B6AC8278F0C" originalValue="1¾">13/4</normalizedToken>
. Syntype of
<taxonomicName id="0516FF151F22FB738C971B05EFF96183" class="Gastropoda" family="Odontostomidae" genus="Bonnanius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bonnanius bouvieri" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bouvieri">
<emphasis id="0960D8EF17DEE6E98A19F60929C6A53B" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">Bonnanius bouvieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: H = 22.5 mm, D = 15.4 mm (Breure, 1975). Average (
<emphasis id="8034A45362C58CAD10160DAF83BF3D10" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">n</emphasis>
= 34, except for w, where n = 10): H = 17.9
<normalizedToken id="A1800822964709A09D9C5F9DFA4917E7" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.56 mm (min = 16.1 mm, max = 22.0 mm), D = 12.9
<normalizedToken id="38D0ECF610D1C0CA64A8C0B22F4CEE38" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.96 mm, h = 9.7
<normalizedToken id="7DA27C409D4B78ECC1A2F2C2515BA68F" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.71 mm, d = 7.6
<normalizedToken id="878A709C213198C82173B3DC78DA1D12" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.63 mm, W =
<normalizedToken id="930632EEE49079C53E1C3EB6BB156870" originalValue="4½">41/2</normalizedToken>
(min =
<normalizedToken id="B07E80054B6518E66174101BB6174F5D" originalValue="4¼">41/4</normalizedToken>
, max = 5), w =
<normalizedToken id="6C21273041AFEB19DFB6E4F8870E1E4B" originalValue="1¾">13/4</normalizedToken>
(occasionally 2).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="752726B475BEA118345C601CC6B04E36" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="459" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="C1974E9B885DFD8F10671DA8FFE31062" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="62BE4AFEDD0A96D7F08D5535A14B8ECE" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
The names
<taxonomicName id="4AD960515C624972AA380AB847B0CAB8" lsidName="H. bouvieri" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" rank="species" species="bouvieri">
<emphasis id="D063A4F38BE5A9E1B9888AA3C6657783" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">H. bouvieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="91CD83B3B1562E4567E51CC06F56C4B1" lsidName="H. bonnanius" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" rank="species" species="bonnanius">
<emphasis id="EDA7B9EBBAA778CC58385DEFD5DC51FA" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">H. bonnanius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were synonymized with
<taxonomicName id="92A56D52FBD7D9952C638CEEE7014E96" lsidName="H. ramagei" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" rank="species" species="ramagei">
<emphasis id="BA0F1971D2785B6784664ECD05FC19D1" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">H. ramagei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="0991CE934A6003F50EEF528F91854C12" author="Pilsbry, HA" journalOrPublisher="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" refId="B29" refString="Pilsbry, HA, 1901. Manual of conchology, second series. Pulmonata. Vol. 14. Oriental bulimoid Helicidae; Odontostomidae; Cerionidae. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia" title="Manual of conchology, second series. Pulmonata. Vol. 14. Oriental bulimoid Helicidae; Odontostomidae; Cerionidae." year="1901">Pilsbry (1901)</bibRefCitation>
; this decision is followed here. The syntype of
<taxonomicName id="B539C452FB7AC7B8F118119B01F2ADFB" lsidName="H. bouvieri" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" rank="species" species="bouvieri">
<emphasis id="FDD1B258DCEA0E7BC963F8EF6996039B" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">H. bouvieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="C2EDA1C179D3C0D962BC8E703F3973E6" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Hyperaulax ramagei. A-C. Syntype of Bonnanius bouvieri, MNHN-IM- 2000 - 28020 (MNHN). D. Reproduction of &quot; Turbine 44 &quot; of Buonanni (1861), the holotype of Bonnanius bonnanius. E. Protoconch detail, NHMUK 1902.10.16.4." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.95.38259.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/339177" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" tableDoi="10.3897/zse.95.38259.figure4">
Fig. 4
<normalizedToken id="BF69C3A9610E9BBD1D60B127858CFF5E" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
</figureCitation>
) is indistinguishable from
<taxonomicName id="29F94FE8B087E17FD21D35B7595A98C0" lsidName="H. ramagei" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" rank="species" species="ramagei">
<emphasis id="56B0DAF0E73230E31BB568C538DA1A63" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">H. ramagei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the discussion regarding
<taxonomicName id="FFF2D4B4F983FF512AAA74AA702A7B9A" lsidName="H. bonnanius" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" rank="species" species="bonnanius">
<emphasis id="976C0B0839D1E0BCC36A4382F91F0459" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">H. bonnanius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is slightly more colorful and it is worthwhile to recapitulate it here. Its original description (
<bibRefCitation id="88889BEC5B161869CFFA606B0DD59EC5" author="Jousseaume, F" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Philomathique de Paris" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" pagination="5 - 44" refId="B17" refString="Jousseaume, F, 1900. Mollusques terrestres. Clausilia, Rhodea et Bulimus Sud-Americanae. Bulletin de la Societe Philomathique de Paris 2: 5 - 44" title="Mollusques terrestres. Clausilia, Rhodea et Bulimus Sud-Americanae." volume="2" year="1900">Jousseaume 1900</bibRefCitation>
) was based upon the work of the Jesuit scholar Filippo Buonanni (1638-1723), who compiled the first conchology manual (
<bibRefCitation id="4A3EB3B9F792812F8D9D15A94FCE74DB" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.119125" author="Buonanni, F" journalOrPublisher="Felice Cefaretti, Rome" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" refId="B8" refString="Buonanni, F, 1681. Ricreatione dell'occhio e della mente. Nell'offeruatione delle Chiocciole, proposta a' suriosi delle opere della natura. Felice Cefaretti, Rome" title="Ricreatione dell'occhio e della mente. Nell'offeruatione delle Chiocciole, proposta a' suriosi delle opere della natura." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.119125" year="1681">Buonanni 1681</bibRefCitation>
) and is thus considered the Father of Conchology (
<bibRefCitation id="11DA689F74113C5474AD02D8B3C9C918" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004131880.i-657.52" author="Leonhard, K" editor="Enenkel, KAE" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Philomathique de Paris" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" refId="B18" refString="Leonhard, K, Enenkel, KAE, Smith, MS, 2007. Brill, Leiden. https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004131880.i-657.52" title="Brill, Leiden" url="https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004131880.i-657.52" year="2007">Leonhard 2007</bibRefCitation>
). As
<bibRefCitation id="EBDF14857243CF4B95A74FB27E3F0A2E" author="Pilsbry, HA" journalOrPublisher="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" refId="B29" refString="Pilsbry, HA, 1901. Manual of conchology, second series. Pulmonata. Vol. 14. Oriental bulimoid Helicidae; Odontostomidae; Cerionidae. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia" title="Manual of conchology, second series. Pulmonata. Vol. 14. Oriental bulimoid Helicidae; Odontostomidae; Cerionidae." year="1901">Pilsbry (1901)</bibRefCitation>
argued,
<bibRefCitation id="E5D3871114750648BA5F7509A35D273A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.119125" author="Buonanni, F" journalOrPublisher="Felice Cefaretti, Rome" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" refId="B8" refString="Buonanni, F, 1681. Ricreatione dell'occhio e della mente. Nell'offeruatione delle Chiocciole, proposta a' suriosi delle opere della natura. Felice Cefaretti, Rome" title="Ricreatione dell'occhio e della mente. Nell'offeruatione delle Chiocciole, proposta a' suriosi delle opere della natura." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.119125" year="1681">
<normalizedToken id="19808262443CBD42CC80E4C84EC3D9AF" originalValue="Buonanni’s">Buonanni's</normalizedToken>
(1681)
</bibRefCitation>
description of his Turbine #44 and its illustration (allowing for some distortion in the drawing) are vastly consistent with
<taxonomicName id="CBE95A87BEC66402CF08673EDBC40FE4" lsidName="H. ramagei" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" rank="species" species="ramagei">
<emphasis id="DB7DAB2BF46F32FDB5520D638E679FB8" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">H. ramagei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Despite later authors such as Linnaeus having relied on
<normalizedToken id="66054D4CC25B7D88066F6D8FD6A2636B" originalValue="Buonanni’s">Buonanni's</normalizedToken>
work, this particular species was overlooked until
<bibRefCitation id="A5D4D4DED3AF1A158AFCFE18E59763B6" author="Jousseaume, F" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Philomathique de Paris" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" pagination="5 - 44" refId="B17" refString="Jousseaume, F, 1900. Mollusques terrestres. Clausilia, Rhodea et Bulimus Sud-Americanae. Bulletin de la Societe Philomathique de Paris 2: 5 - 44" title="Mollusques terrestres. Clausilia, Rhodea et Bulimus Sud-Americanae." volume="2" year="1900">Jousseaume (1900)</bibRefCitation>
published it as
<taxonomicName id="3E5988C9A67DB664161D0B424BFF7D50" class="Gastropoda" family="Odontostomidae" genus="Bonnanius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bonnanius Bonnanius" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Bonnanius">
<emphasis id="04974AB54F7912E4D116ED7BFBB0853C" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">Bonnanius Bonnanius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, misspelling the
<normalizedToken id="B25139AD6F5D2406A36290C124978E1F" originalValue="Jesuit’s">Jesuit's</normalizedToken>
name and likely without knowing the work of
<bibRefCitation id="D426CB661F5FB121D89E9E25CD16BF4B" author="Smith, EA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Linnean Society of London" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" pagination="483 - 503" refId="B39" refString="Smith, EA, 1890. Mollusca. Journal of the Linnean Society of London 20: 483 - 503" title="Mollusca." volume="20" year="1890">Smith (1890)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3D3EE05A726AE97AC6F85F3E3C874344" pageId="6" pageNumber="459">
<pageBreakToken id="0FEBE3FE754F817236DFAC4E44B0C0C1" pageId="6" pageNumber="459" start="start">The</pageBreakToken>
shell features of
<taxonomicName id="350A75BF6C191FB52158F2F3DE3AA579" lsidName="H. ramagei" pageId="6" pageNumber="459" rank="species" species="ramagei">
<emphasis id="B4B0706E1617B9C987B1AC09F8A7327A" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="459">H. ramagei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
display some morphological variation: (1) shell size, from some rather small specimens to very large ones (Hmin = 16 mm and Hmax = 22 mm); (2) shell color can go from entirely brown to marked with four white spiral bands; (3) aperture size, relative to remainder of the shell; (4) shell shape, with some specimens having a much shorter spire (
<figureCitation id="B1C48B8DE11157ED7F793F78D1555EE4" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Hyperaulax ramagei. A-E. Lectotype, NHMUK 1988.6.24.163. F-J. Paralectotypes 1 to 5 (in order), including large forms in apparent sub-fossil state, NHMUK 1988.6.24.164 - 170. K. Specimen without the white spiral bands, NHMUK 1902.10.16.4." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.95.38259.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/339176" pageId="6" pageNumber="459" tableDoi="10.3897/zse.95.38259.figure3">
Fig. 3
<normalizedToken id="0B9A99B3F86627A3C364D1B9ED36BBDE" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
</figureCitation>
, lectotype); (5) two parietal teeth might be absent (
<figureCitation id="8CD811E5FE5D14876A420AD48E1CD3CA" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Hyperaulax ramagei. A-E. Lectotype, NHMUK 1988.6.24.163. F-J. Paralectotypes 1 to 5 (in order), including large forms in apparent sub-fossil state, NHMUK 1988.6.24.164 - 170. K. Specimen without the white spiral bands, NHMUK 1902.10.16.4." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.95.38259.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/339176" pageId="6" pageNumber="459" tableDoi="10.3897/zse.95.38259.figure3">Fig. 3I</figureCitation>
); (6) the surface of the palatal tooth goes from nearly smooth (
<figureCitation id="CBDA825BC8679D09F389FC45B00849A9" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Hyperaulax ramagei. A-E. Lectotype, NHMUK 1988.6.24.163. F-J. Paralectotypes 1 to 5 (in order), including large forms in apparent sub-fossil state, NHMUK 1988.6.24.164 - 170. K. Specimen without the white spiral bands, NHMUK 1902.10.16.4." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.95.38259.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/339176" pageId="6" pageNumber="459" tableDoi="10.3897/zse.95.38259.figure3">Fig. 3I, J</figureCitation>
) to serrated (
<figureCitation id="9984199EA303184C92D184F0E2217D68" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Hyperaulax ramagei. A-E. Lectotype, NHMUK 1988.6.24.163. F-J. Paralectotypes 1 to 5 (in order), including large forms in apparent sub-fossil state, NHMUK 1988.6.24.164 - 170. K. Specimen without the white spiral bands, NHMUK 1902.10.16.4." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.95.38259.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/339176" pageId="6" pageNumber="459" tableDoi="10.3897/zse.95.38259.figure3">Fig. 3F, G</figureCitation>
), with up to three distinct points (
<figureCitation id="CC9A770AC1E0345707C95DDA65546354" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Hyperaulax ramagei. A-E. Lectotype, NHMUK 1988.6.24.163. F-J. Paralectotypes 1 to 5 (in order), including large forms in apparent sub-fossil state, NHMUK 1988.6.24.164 - 170. K. Specimen without the white spiral bands, NHMUK 1902.10.16.4." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.95.38259.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/339176" pageId="6" pageNumber="459" tableDoi="10.3897/zse.95.38259.figure3">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
), reminiscent of the carnassial tooth of
<taxonomicName id="DFD63022195DC877E2DB13E15ED4DF18" class="Mammalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bales" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="459" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Carnivora</taxonomicName>
(apparently this is not related to the age of the individual or to the freshness of the specimen when collected). The syntype of
<taxonomicName id="15A583F481951CE1BEE547FB17DD2EA4" lsidName="H. bouvieri" pageId="6" pageNumber="459" rank="species" species="bouvieri">
<emphasis id="54AB56C0F5C89D154B159F3419EFC8C3" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="459">H. bouvieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
show a four-pronged palatal tooth, which is also unusually large, and a three-pronged parietal tooth (
<figureCitation id="6F295458E69287D6B8DD4CD3725BDBB6" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Hyperaulax ramagei. A-C. Syntype of Bonnanius bouvieri, MNHN-IM- 2000 - 28020 (MNHN). D. Reproduction of &quot; Turbine 44 &quot; of Buonanni (1861), the holotype of Bonnanius bonnanius. E. Protoconch detail, NHMUK 1902.10.16.4." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.95.38259.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/339177" pageId="6" pageNumber="459" tableDoi="10.3897/zse.95.38259.figure4">
Fig. 4
<normalizedToken id="7DD8FD089F8B603F2F0AEE221B16CE8D" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
</figureCitation>
); this could be seen as morphological variation, but, as this specimen bears a mark of breakage near the aperture and further growth (
<figureCitation id="C8F7D27CF6F4875D143B2CBD2536F369" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Hyperaulax ramagei. A-C. Syntype of Bonnanius bouvieri, MNHN-IM- 2000 - 28020 (MNHN). D. Reproduction of &quot; Turbine 44 &quot; of Buonanni (1861), the holotype of Bonnanius bonnanius. E. Protoconch detail, NHMUK 1902.10.16.4." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.95.38259.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/339177" pageId="6" pageNumber="459" tableDoi="10.3897/zse.95.38259.figure4">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
), it could be simply post-trauma anomalous growth. For a comparison with its single congener,
<taxonomicName id="5294288A91688415C59729660A161FBC" lsidName="H. ridleyi" pageId="6" pageNumber="459" rank="species" species="ridleyi">
<emphasis id="AE10DF2078D0CA850F2DD76CCBDE2950" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="459">H. ridleyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, see the Discussion section of that species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D13C607E76964EBE29B008247326EC6" pageId="6" pageNumber="459">
Some of the specimens available (including some paralectotypes) appear to be of a sub-fossil state, as already noted by
<bibRefCitation id="4A4026E69A38A0C8FCCA5E86D67E7590" author="Smith, EA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Linnean Society of London" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" pagination="483 - 503" refId="B39" refString="Smith, EA, 1890. Mollusca. Journal of the Linnean Society of London 20: 483 - 503" title="Mollusca." volume="20" year="1890">Smith (1890)</bibRefCitation>
. These appear to be larger than the fresh specimens, but this could be due to collection bias towards larger specimens; at present, there is not enough sub-fossil material for a statistically meaningful assessment.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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