143 lines
16 KiB
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143 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="883187826E60AFD0BDADBB138A9F5BFF" ID-CLB-Dataset="35047" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.91.8536" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e8468521-ff66-43f3-9e04-778467694013" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-0743-1-45" ID-ZooBank="6D9539C276A3480395F68347908EA835" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1860-0743-1-45" ModsDocOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 91 (1)" ModsDocTitle="The shallow-water chitons (Mollusca, Polyplacophora) of Caldera, Region of Atacama, northern Chile" checkinTime="1425841754179" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Araya, Juan Francisco & Araya, Marta Esther" docDate="2015" docId="2109B20A752DDE5E04AFE59582837F15" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoosystEvol 91(1): 45-58" docOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 91 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.91.8536" docTitle="Chiton (Chiton) granosus Frembly 1827" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="45" masterDocId="EF31664DFF8F716F3636FFFEFFCBFF8F" masterDocTitle="The shallow-water chitons (Mollusca, Polyplacophora) of Caldera, Region of Atacama, northern Chile" masterLastPageNumber="58" masterPageNumber="45" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1701374600884" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="D3B695490B9E92E757FBA4F8C137631D">The shallow-water chitons (Mollusca, Polyplacophora) of Caldera, Region of Atacama, northern Chile</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9DF4DCC073DDF7D48DC7D6287F42F9C9">Araya, Juan Francisco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="81412CEAFA3D963BD1A359507F1A0CCF">Araya, Marta Esther</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E6CBD3404732EE99C7EE13461A2C675D">Zoosystematics and Evolution</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="0BC1BFA9A67B6791D473803B08117279">
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<mods:date id="70A8798D8E0E4D01E4ADB5FD152F4121">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7EA6FFF78F202F096C36F09396BF883B">91</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="B156AF655662769BEB694032829D22A6" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="C7C4210037C422A396EC01BCBFDC5154">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="A625364C114878ED432AC8E76B7B5F87">45</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="DC2BDF0A57CCA2FDC85B72073C669991">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.91.8536</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="03354DD653B09F89119AE3890FF6157E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="DA72D3B097DF426D7DDF6FF83C94A4E2" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.91.8536</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="92C7035A72695E8D26421F3C21ECF025" type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-0743-1-45</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="2109B20A752DDE5E04AFE59582837F15" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127875563" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2109B20A752DDE5E04AFE59582837F15" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2109B20A752DDE5E04AFE59582837F15" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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<subSubSection id="4C7A201935AF69B630628C61A0D95BF8" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="A200B4DE2FC07BD4D65A143EF7FFDC7E" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Taxon classification Animalia Chitonida Chitonidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EE43A370B2CA3E0974E65DDBA86D9214" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F77D51CBD51B0119AC45D83435CC4534" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicName id="B198E4117975CE244B8B7C582161B86F" ID-CoL="8KZYT" authority="Frembly, 1827" authorityName="Frembly" authorityYear="1827" class="Polyplacophora" family="Chitonidae" genus="Chiton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chiton (Chiton) granosus" order="Chitonida" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="granosus" subGenus="Chiton">Chiton (Chiton) granosus Frembly, 1827</taxonomicName>
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Plate 1, Fig. 6; Table 2
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DFBE1417FCEE0C9C30509698E5CFCF46" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="CE3DF5D5249EDDF750E5E802006874A9" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicName id="44891DFC5E98D89F8831C44A28963AB4" class="Polyplacophora" family="Chitonidae" genus="Chiton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chiton granosus" order="Chitonida" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="granosus">Chiton granosus</taxonomicName>
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Frembly, 1827: 200, suppl. pl. 17, fig. 1;
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<bibRefCitation id="947D5D5437C938B3CFD09B985CBD9340" author="Plate, LH" journalOrPublisher="Zool. Jahrbuecher" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="15 - 216" title="Die Anatomie und Phylogenie der Chitonen - Fauna Chilensis (volume 2)." volume="5" year="1902">Plate 1902</bibRefCitation>
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: 56, pl. 4, fig. 190;
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<bibRefCitation id="0AF009D37D1004E60D7C6FCA38B2FA08" author="Pilsbry, HA" editor="Tryon, GW" journalOrPublisher="Monograph of the Polyplacophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 350" volume="14" year="1892 - 1894">Pilsbry 1893</bibRefCitation>
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: 167, pl. 30. figs 27, 28;
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<bibRefCitation id="94EB0B32A5440C6EFB9FA36CF3475A7C" author="Dall, WH" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the US Natural History Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="147 - 294" title="Report on a collection of shells from Peru, with a summary of the littoral marine Mollusca of the Peruvian Zoological Province." volume="37" year="1909">Dall 1909</bibRefCitation>
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: 247.
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<taxonomicName id="822A543E4F2A5F5C3BF62DCAA809D407" class="Polyplacophora" family="Chitonidae" genus="Chiton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chiton (Chiton) granosus" order="Chitonida" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="granosus" subGenus="Chiton">Chiton (Chiton) granosus</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="B635502D479D47D67C0D66E776C96A4D" author="Marincovich, L" journalOrPublisher="Los Angeles County Science Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="42 - 49" title="Intertidal mollusks of Iquique, Chile. Natural History Museum." volume="16" year="1973">Marincovich 1973</bibRefCitation>
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: 43, fig. 98.
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<taxonomicName id="C9867E5912FA737901D854D72CC6DF9F" class="Polyplacophora" family="Chitonidae" genus="Chiton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chiton (Chondroplax) granosus" order="Chitonida" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="granosus" subGenus="Chondroplax">Chiton (Chondroplax) granosus</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="898484CF35CC7C36DA2CAE4E7B95EA8D" author="Bullock, RC" journalOrPublisher="The Veliger" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="141 - 191" title="The genus Chiton in the new world (Polyplacophora: Chitonidae)." volume="31" year="1988">Bullock 1988</bibRefCitation>
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: 185, figs 96, 97, 103, 140, 141, 143, and 144;
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<bibRefCitation id="B7C51A3C001883D9E7F407573395BF3D" author="Osorio, C" journalOrPublisher="Universidad de Chile" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" title="Moluscos marinos en Chile: especies de importancia economica: Guia para su identificacion" year="2002">Osorio 2002</bibRefCitation>
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: 56.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7E6D0920EE3F7116BC8B6C7EA29C62A1" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="description">
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<paragraph id="D006B1DCE7C73FF7200598EF9341A25D" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D2E1C7A609791DE65A5C0B00834242D7" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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Animal of large size, up to 45 mm in examined specimens. Intermediate valves often eroded and rather flat. Anterior valve convex, post-mucronal slope straight. Mucro moderately blunt; centrally located on posterior valve. Jugal tract smooth, central areas with somewhat beaded longitudinal ribs. Lateral triangle barely raised; low, broad, nodular rib extends along diagonal line. Often a few other radiating rows of nodules appear on lateral triangle. Terminal areas with 10-12 radiating rows of widely spaced nodules. Color of tegmentum nearly totally dark brown to greenish brown, with occasional streaks of cream white on jugal and central areas. Girdle black. Interior of valves white with dull blue muscle scars and reddish brown on posterior slope of callus (After
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<bibRefCitation id="1F158DB8C5C27450D78A261031AA4F2B" author="Bullock, RC" journalOrPublisher="The Veliger" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="141 - 191" title="The genus Chiton in the new world (Polyplacophora: Chitonidae)." volume="31" year="1988">Bullock 1988</bibRefCitation>
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). According to
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<bibRefCitation id="B1EC09201DC51D183B8FC77A28167961" author="Osorio, C" journalOrPublisher="Universidad de Chile" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" title="Moluscos marinos en Chile: especies de importancia economica: Guia para su identificacion" year="2002">Osorio (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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this species is gonochoric, like almost all other chiton species that have been studied. It can reach a maximum length of 80 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DBC774128827DDDFCB703B9A743C4807" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="material examined">
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<paragraph id="AD787FE15A8987235027BFE306A10E13" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AA07327DCAB9542FD88BFF136B80EA22" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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Specimens found in Playa El Pulpo, Norte de
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<normalizedToken id="20868A5373DF95620AB4B8035AB7EF93" originalValue="Bahía">Bahia</normalizedToken>
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de Caldera, Playa Mansa and Sur de
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<normalizedToken id="D2736D05B0189C356BEE329CB8564E02" originalValue="Bahía">Bahia</normalizedToken>
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de Caldera, in crevices in large rocks, often in surf zone in large colonies. Playa el Pulpo (MPCCL 3072014D, 1 specimen).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C1F86C8DDC9568DFFF243472D2ED4A02" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="DCFC6519D1A78A3A98FFE3259D25AF99" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7715A7CCEF6B6EDEF2694E9EE013B419" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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<bibRefCitation id="163662C8B1584440FEAA21149B0E868D" author="Marincovich, L" journalOrPublisher="Los Angeles County Science Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="42 - 49" title="Intertidal mollusks of Iquique, Chile. Natural History Museum." volume="16" year="1973">Marincovich (1973)</bibRefCitation>
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gives the northernmost distribution for this species at Paita (
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<geoCoordinate id="23E57E5708E6467A71BFA52C174E673E" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-5.0927777">
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05°05
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<normalizedToken id="8B8989865797F28077A534F8D485897A" originalValue="’34”">'34"</normalizedToken>
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S
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</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="1995C92F764958D102E53BC2A1014797" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-81.101944">
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81°06
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<normalizedToken id="F226918D8A4AA640D28639FAC306FDE8" originalValue="’07”">'07"</normalizedToken>
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W
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</geoCoordinate>
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), Peru.
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<bibRefCitation id="C1D9CE70233582A16A92773AE75ABD3E" author="Osorio, C" journalOrPublisher="Ciencia y Tecnologia del Mar" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="91 - 98" title="Moluscos en los canales del Sur de Chile entre boca del Guafo y estero Elefantes (CIMAR 7 Fiordos)." volume="28" year="2005">Osorio et al. (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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records the southernmost record of this species at Boca del Guafo (
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<geoCoordinate id="273EF0FEF58BDEF1F31ECBCC4F9348DB" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-43.65">43°39'S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="898A3F2923A98ADFF8108344198B70C3" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-74.0">74°00'W</geoCoordinate>
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), Region of
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<normalizedToken id="6EA3F12479AB70794F136C7D7D348C6A" originalValue="Aysén">Aysen</normalizedToken>
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, southern Chile.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EFC34D2C877121B7C147AC82A56D0327" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="A88A686883474E555A7FA6AE74AAF0CD" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="09B9E18E93D76EB3FC5658DF97FBFF13" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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This species is somewhat uncommon in shallower waters; it is found mostly in crevices and in rocky outcrops, mostly in clustered distributions. Juvenile specimens are somewhat similar to the juvenile specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="DBDBA1B3376A22D674C27B113C0C4EA8" class="Polyplacophora" family="Chitonidae" genus="Chiton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chiton cumingsii" order="Chitonida" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cumingsii">Chiton cumingsii</taxonomicName>
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differing in the paler coloration (of various shades of green), the granulation on the valves and in the overall wider body. It has been reported that this species feeds on barnacle cyprids (
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<bibRefCitation id="BA59CF1CFBECAB5A420221B851282063" author="Moreno, CA" journalOrPublisher="Oikos" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="73 - 76" title="The role of grazers in the zonation of intertidal macroalgae of the Chilean coast." url="10.2307/3544348" volume="41" year="1983">Moreno and Jaramillo 1983</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="8F9F8FDDBC293BF5275644B77465FB66" author="Aguilera, MA" journalOrPublisher="Investigaciones Marinas" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="109 - 113" title="Barnacles in the diet of the molluscan grazer Chitongranosus (Frembly, 1827) present on the intertidal rockys shore of Iquique, northern de Chile." volume="33" year="2005">Aguilera 2005</bibRefCitation>
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) and is preyed on by the common gull
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<taxonomicName id="63853BB50A330B359B4C5597DE19D4EA" class="Aves" family="Laridae" genus="Larus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Larus dominicanus" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dominicanus">Larus dominicanus</taxonomicName>
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(Lichtenstein, 1823). It was observed also that some specimens had barnacles on the valves. This species is a physiological omnivore, having the digestive flexibility and enzymatic capacity to digest and assimilate animal preys (
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<bibRefCitation id="2E2234951A82E3D8C5DC9E8E30F7B9DB" author="Camus, PA" journalOrPublisher="Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="191 - 197" title="Consumption and digestion of animal food by rocky intertidal herbivores: An evaluation of digestive flexibility and omnivory in three grazer species." url="10.3856/vol37-issue2-fulltext-6" volume="37" year="2009">Camus et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
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) and it is also a commercially important species (
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<bibRefCitation id="5DCA33E9DF14C4F17B09E610C9731E62" author="Osorio, C" journalOrPublisher="Universidad de Chile" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" title="Moluscos marinos en Chile: especies de importancia economica: Guia para su identificacion" year="2002">Osorio 2002</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |