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<document id="665C8E714D459D70A7A82BF323478AB5" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.644.1.6" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13214531" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="jonas" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="jonas" checkinTime="1722597780523" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Sharma, Ashutosh, Adamowski, Wojciech, Naithani, Harsh Bardhan &amp; Begum, S. Noorunnisa" docDate="2024" docId="1E097655FF9BFF96FF0BFCF5E585F975" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.644.1.6.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 644 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.644.1.6" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Impatiens violoides Hook. f." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="46" masterDocId="E2300E2DFF9AFF92FF83FFB5E766FFCC" masterDocTitle="Rediscovery of rare steno-endemic Impatiens violoides Edgew. ex Hook. f. (Balsaminaceae) from Western Himalaya, after 179 years of type collection" masterLastPageNumber="48" masterPageNumber="42" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1724262944866" updateUser="jonas" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="4A6411509412FFF0971B5E3C9D8147E9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="2196374FBAEAE85B004F3254165C61F4">
<mods:title id="2911EBB1844994FF72C6121C3F64B111">Rediscovery of rare steno-endemic Impatiens violoides Edgew. ex Hook. f. (Balsaminaceae) from Western Himalaya, after 179 years of type collection</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="0EE68F5563483D9EF1DB88812DB3D83F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="BD6FADE9755E5CDE7B055BEC8DAFC13B">
<mods:roleTerm id="3969FCBEDD6789AB6374B7C3CE963D85">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="161806D3DD8D180C959737067DB4A3A7">Sharma, Ashutosh</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3F4B10C844325263776DFD83636C2D49" type="ORCID">0000-0002-0089-5911</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="5D178EDD7E119D13CAA2904F56712FAF">FRLH Herbarium, The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Post Attur via Yelahanka, Bengaluru- 560064, Karnataka, INDIA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E18EFE37E619400427D3C95B23D205B6" type="email">ashutosh.sharma@tdu.edu.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="E4D311FAB9C2E281CE8915655CBDA77E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="5051EC056EE5FF6A63BE269F55197937">
<mods:roleTerm id="7DF488500650B8B4E0FB69BD2058CFDA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="5CA199485CA27AAB6667D657E42707B1">Adamowski, Wojciech</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5F5AD29A6926D07DDA5026BA6ADCCE02" type="ORCID">0000-0002-8194-7874</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="F8C7074FD0B7A4FA41061EAE79BE6C46">Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Sportowa 19, 17 - 230 Białowieża, POLAND</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="290B8F3930EFEB9180214BB6119778A2" type="email">w.adamowski@uw.edu.pl</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="B0211EEF0E1C56EFD06D94D86A214CB5" type="personal">
<mods:role id="CB2D9CFF5CC353D77A2D02FF2B4108D3">
<mods:roleTerm id="FF78860135B6F811976B66682123B747">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="5A0220AB61F2F680807BE0CA6AA1583A">Naithani, Harsh Bardhan</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B6E11A2111D8F2C436F6E719EB9A3C54" type="ORCID">0009-0000-1199-4520</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="17E422194176BFFB9BC401159F0D1935">Systematic Botany Discipline, Botany Division, Forest Research Institute (FRI), Dehradun 248006, INDIA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CE1CC59101E72F7E7D0F680F3F31B05A" type="email">naithanihb@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="3E4E16261E0C15B7911DA9859BD0B619" type="personal">
<mods:role id="547AA3595722145B43799D8DE1A2E3AB">
<mods:roleTerm id="4EE0EA47C3EC8ABFD1EB542F0777C48D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="6548A79CB38CC5FC972318199056DCA8">Begum, S. Noorunnisa</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F56B66D8D3272C248915485BD3FF39F3" type="ORCID">0000-0002-8641-9966</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="49BD411C3C00A6BFE16696150960619C">FRLH Herbarium, The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Post Attur via Yelahanka, Bengaluru- 560064, Karnataka, INDIA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C401FD1C7DA902409E7D263A60EACDE0" type="email">noorunnisa.begum@tdu.edu.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="3166A8F5AE6251490BFA32D696E8DF1B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="520955F009DFA3CAC9BE0A8D883437B7" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="2A25D589ACF88B69D8B8B8217DF2F808">
<mods:title id="875536318B04F7BE0D2B2F46172E3446">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="40A145A6CFE6EE45E61B9722F1874C1B">
<mods:date id="1C408DDF8009831B32152E17743E8086">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="F24B18DC4DCF40E319874DDC6B4F420B" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="97CBC6E64A2FDF711F5249F672823666">2024-04-09</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="59DA2A034C96C20768533E068A7DE244" type="volume">
<mods:number id="54C2A8A9AC34374D23096499945638AE">644</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:number id="56E46534C335E56788C684E23DC29AF3">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="F90CA52C2A2993B914CC133F97C532A3">42</mods:start>
<mods:end id="2768761175F7E43D9CF08CC114DE63B9">48</mods:end>
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</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="BD66A7703900775B3DAC3105258ABE22">
<mods:url id="11FD2DA40B0064F318FCD3B4A6386EF2">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.644.1.6</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="C89AC96B906E86363D25CFB04C824EFC">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="B31E33EEC5E461D2DE6AF06B25341DC3" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.644.1.6</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D10E0D1D6354C39251456D285057E428" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F6B686442E0B575409048283005B3A4C" type="Zenodo-Dep">13214531</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="1E097655FF9BFF96FF0BFCF5E585F975" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1E097655FF9BFF96FF0BFCF5E585F975" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E097655FF9BFF96FF0BFCF5E585F975" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="1" pageNumber="43">
<subSubSection id="DEBA94C8FF9BFF93FF0BFCF5E4C8FC99" box="[136,942,832,854]" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="961FC743FF9BFF93FF0BFCF5E4C8FC99" blockId="1.[136,1100,832,890]" box="[136,942,832,854]" pageId="1" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="51A0BCC0FF9BFF93FF0BFCF5E564FC9A" ID-CoL="3PKNH" authority="Edgew. ex Hook. f." authorityName="Hook. f." box="[136,514,832,854]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balsaminaceae" genus="Impatiens" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violoides">
<emphasis id="A4D41B51FF9BFF93FF0BFCF5E622FC99" box="[136,324,832,853]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="43">Impatiens violoides</emphasis>
Edgew. ex Hook. f.
</taxonomicName>
in Rec. Bot. Surv.
<collectingCountry id="EEB787D3FF9BFF93FD30FCF5E582FC9A" box="[691,740,832,854]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="43">India</collectingCountry>
4: 5. 1904;
<figureCitation id="0E9BDBC6FF9BFF93FCDBFCF5E4F6FC99" box="[856,912,832,854]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1683,1705]" captionTargetBox="[336,1252,187,1656]" captionTargetId="figure-19@2.[336,1252,187,1656]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Impatiens violoides: A–B—Flowering plant habit; C—Flowering twig showing variation in type of inflorescence; D—Basal portion of main stem showing swollen nodes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13214533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13214533/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="43">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0E9BDBC6FF9BFF93FC1FFCF5E4CCFC99" box="[924,938,832,853]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1511,1533]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,245,1485]" captionTargetId="figure-62@3.[340,1247,245,1485]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Impatiens violoides: A—Flower front view; B—Flower back view; C—Flower side view; D—Flower bud; E—Mature raceme inflorescence showing capsules; F—Lateral united petals (adaxial); G—Dorsal petal (abaxial); H—Lateral sepal (abaxial); I— Androecium covering gynoecium; J—Lower sepal; K—Glands at the base of petiole; L—Seed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13214535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13214535/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="43">2</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DEBA94C8FF9BFF93FF0BFCD1E32AFCB6" box="[136,1100,868,890]" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="961FC743FF9BFF93FF0BFCD1E32AFCB6" blockId="1.[136,1100,832,890]" box="[136,1100,868,890]" pageId="1" pageNumber="43">
<materialsCitation id="26C8CD1EFF9BFF93FF0BFCD1E32AFCB6" box="[136,1100,868,890]" collectingDate="1844-10" collectionCode="K" collectorName="M. P. Edgeworth" country="India" elevation="2286" location="Junglung" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" specimenCode="K000694928" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="type">
<typeStatus id="491B79E1FF9BFF93FF0BFCD1E7DCFCB5" box="[136,186,868,889]" pageId="1" pageNumber="43">Type</typeStatus>
:—
<collectingCountry id="EEB787D3FF9BFF93FF54FCD1E678FCB5" box="[215,286,868,889]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="43">INDIA</collectingCountry>
. near
<location id="937F9198FF9BFF93FED5FCD1E6D6FCB6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1E097655FF9BFF96FF0BFCF5E585F975:937F9198FF9BFF93FED5FCD1E6D6FCB6" box="[342,432,868,890]" country="India" name="Junglung" pageId="1" pageNumber="43">Junglung</location>
,
<quantity id="51586AA6FF9BFF93FE39FCD1E534FCB6" box="[442,594,868,890]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" metricValueMax="2.4384" metricValueMin="2.1336" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" unit="ft" value="7500.0" valueMax="8000.0" valueMin="7000.0">
<elevation id="1D8D2070FF9BFF93FE39FCD1E534FCB6" box="[442,594,868,890]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" metricValueMax="2.4384" metricValueMin="2.1336" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" unit="ft" value="7500.0" valueMax="8000.0" valueMin="7000.0">7000–8000 feet</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="E21EE183FF9BFF93FDDFFCD1E587FCB5" box="[604,737,868,890]" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" value="1844-10">
<collectingDate id="F25A186BFF9BFF93FDDFFCD1E587FCB5" box="[604,737,868,890]" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" value="1844-10">October 1844</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="3B55A295FF9BFF93FD68FCD1E4E0FCB6" box="[747,902,868,890]" pageId="1" pageNumber="43">M.P. Edgeworth</collectorName>
342 (
<specimenCode id="C6066F38FF9BFF93FC3EFCD1E324FCB6" box="[957,1090,868,890]" pageId="1" pageNumber="43">K000694928</specimenCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DEBA94C8FF9BFF93FF0BFC1DE3B2FABE" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" type="description">
<paragraph id="961FC743FF9BFF93FF0BFC1DE3B2FABE" blockId="1.[136,1452,936,1898]" pageId="1" pageNumber="43">
Annual herbs; stems erect
<quantity id="51586AA6FF9BFF93FE35FC1DE553FC0F" box="[438,565,936,963]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.75" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" unit="cm" value="87.5" valueMax="150.0" valueMin="25.0">25–150 cm</quantity>
tall, succulent, dark violet to green, swollen at lower nodes. Leaves alternate, aggregated at the branches apex, petiole
<quantity id="51586AA6FF9BFF93FDCFFC79E5A2FC2B" box="[588,708,972,999]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="37.5" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="15.0">15–60 mm</quantity>
long; lamina broadly lanceolate to oblong-ovate,
<quantity id="51586AA6FF9BFF93FB6CFC79E229FC2B" box="[1263,1359,972,999]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" unit="cm" value="9.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="7.0">7–12 cm</quantity>
×
<quantity id="51586AA6FF9BFF93FAEFFC79E7CBFBC7" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" unit="cm" value="6.25" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="3.5">3.5–9 cm</quantity>
, green, glabrous with crenate margins, base cuneate, apex acuminate; veins 6–9; two glands at the base of petiole
<quantity id="51586AA6FF9BFF93FF0BFBA1E782FBE3" box="[136,228,1044,1071]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
long. Inflorescence variable, interrupted long raceme or subumbellate,
<quantity id="51586AA6FF9BFF93FC7BFBA1E331FBE3" box="[1016,1111,1044,1071]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" unit="cm" value="10.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="6.0">6–14 cm</quantity>
long, axillary, few (3) to many (20) flowered. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic, often congested on top of peduncle. Pedicel
<quantity id="51586AA6FF9BFF93FB03FB8DE3B4FB9F" box="[1152,1234,1080,1107]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" unit="cm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 cm</quantity>
long, slender, rusty brown, glabrous, with a persistent bract at base. Bracts
<quantity id="51586AA6FF9BFF93FD77FBE9E400FBBB" box="[756,870,1116,1143]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="3.25" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="3.0">3–3.5 mm</quantity>
long, narrowly ovate, acute at apex. Flowers white,
<quantity id="51586AA6FF9BFF93FF0BFB35E663FB57" box="[136,261,1152,1179]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" unit="cm" value="2.9" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="2.6">2.6–3.2 cm</quantity>
×
<quantity id="51586AA6FF9BFF93FEA0FB35E6C2FB57" box="[291,420,1152,1179]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" unit="cm" value="1.85" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.2">1.2–2.5 cm</quantity>
. Lateral sepals two, purplish, ovate,
<quantity id="51586AA6FF9BFF93FCBEFB35E418FB57" box="[829,894,1152,1179]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
long; lower sepal navicular,
<quantity id="51586AA6FF9BFF93FB41FB35E25DFB57" box="[1218,1339,1152,1179]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="13.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="12.0">12–15 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="51586AA6FF9BFF93FA02FB35E7D2FB73" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 mm</quantity>
wide,
<quantity id="51586AA6FF9BFF93FF7EFB11E63FFB73" box="[253,345,1188,1215]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
deep, white with rusty orange base and acute tip; spur absent. Dorsal petal white,
<quantity id="51586AA6FF9BFF93FB63FB11E22CFB73" box="[1248,1354,1188,1215]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="7.0">7–10 mm</quantity>
×
<quantity id="51586AA6FF9BFF93FAE6FB11E7D0FB2F" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="14.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="14.0">14–15 mm</quantity>
, cucullate, with thickened purplish midrib, ending in a short horn or appendage,
<quantity id="51586AA6FF9BFF93FBB2FB7DE3EBFB2F" box="[1073,1165,1224,1251]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
long; lateral united petals
<quantity id="51586AA6FF9BFF93FF0BFB59E667FACB" box="[136,257,1260,1287]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="23.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="22.0">22–25 mm</quantity>
long, white, orange-yellowish at the base of the lower lobe with dark purplish rusty streak markings, lower lobe broadly dolabriform,
<quantity id="51586AA6FF9BFF93FE36FAA5E544FAE7" box="[437,546,1296,1323]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="8.0">8–10 mm</quantity>
wide,
<quantity id="51586AA6FF9BFF93FDF2FAA5E58AFAE7" box="[625,748,1296,1323]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="16.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="15.0">15–18 mm</quantity>
long; upper lobe
<quantity id="51586AA6FF9BFF93FC3AFAA5E37EFAE7" box="[953,1048,1296,1323]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="7.0">7–8 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="51586AA6FF9BFF93FBE1FAA5E3A7FAE7" box="[1122,1217,1296,1323]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="8.0">8–9 mm</quantity>
wide. Stamens five; anthers with appendage. Capsules unevenly linear, sometimes deflexed upward at maturity,
<quantity id="51586AA6FF9BFF93FB10FA81E39AFA83" box="[1171,1276,1332,1359]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" unit="cm" value="2.65" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.3">2.3–3 cm</quantity>
long, glabrous, green to partially reddish with pale yellowish stripes, enclosing 2–5 seeds. Seeds ca.
<quantity id="51586AA6FF9BFF93FBBDFAEDE3F2FABF" box="[1086,1172,1368,1395]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
long.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DEBA94C8FF9BFF93FF3EFAC9E680FA76" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="961FC743FF9BFF93FF3EFAC9E680FA76" blockId="1.[136,1452,936,1898]" pageId="1" pageNumber="43">Phenology:—Flowering from early July, commencing along with fruiting until September end. Seeds ripen and dehisce in September–October.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DEBA94C8FF9BFF93FF3EFA71E50BF9CE" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="961FC743FF9BFF93FF3EFA71E50BF9CE" blockId="1.[136,1452,936,1898]" pageId="1" pageNumber="43">
Species etymology:—Specific epithet ‘violoides’ refers to
<taxonomicName id="51A0BCC0FF9BFF93FCC9FA71E4E3FA12" box="[842,901,1476,1502]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Violaceae" genus="Viola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A4D41B51FF9BFF93FCC9FA71E4E3FA12" box="[842,901,1476,1502]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="43">Viola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
like flower of this species as its navicular shaped lower sepal resembles spur of
<taxonomicName id="51A0BCC0FF9BFF93FE5FFA5DE571F9CE" box="[476,535,1512,1538]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Violaceae" genus="Viola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A4D41B51FF9BFF93FE5FFA5DE571F9CE" box="[476,535,1512,1538]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="43">Viola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
flower.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DEBA94C8FF9BFF93FF3EF9B9E348F9EA" box="[189,1070,1548,1574]" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="961FC743FF9BFF93FF3EF9B9E348F9EA" blockId="1.[136,1452,936,1898]" box="[189,1070,1548,1574]" pageId="1" pageNumber="43">
Distribution:—
<collectingCountry id="EEB787D3FF9BFF93FEE9F9B9E6C3F9EA" box="[362,421,1548,1574]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="43">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="546409A1FF9BFF93FE33F9B9E51BF9EA" box="[432,637,1548,1574]" country="India" name="Himachal Pradesh" pageId="1" pageNumber="43">Himachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
(Rohru sub-division, Shimla District).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DEBA94C8FF9BFF93FF3EF985E586F8A6" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="961FC743FF9BFF93FF3EF985E586F8A6" blockId="1.[136,1452,936,1898]" pageId="1" pageNumber="43">
Habitat and Distribution:—
<taxonomicName id="51A0BCC0FF9BFF93FE79F984E5BFF986" box="[506,729,1584,1610]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balsaminaceae" genus="Impatiens" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violoides">
<emphasis id="A4D41B51FF9BFF93FE79F984E5BFF986" box="[506,729,1584,1610]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="43">Impatiens violoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a terrestrial species growing under dense moist coniferous forest of
<taxonomicName id="51A0BCC0FF9BFF93FF6FF9E1E47DF9A2" authority="(Royle ex D. Don) Royle (1836: 86)" authorityName="Royle" authorityPageNumber="86" authorityYear="1836" baseAuthorityName="D. Don" box="[236,795,1620,1647]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pindrow">
<emphasis id="A4D41B51FF9BFF93FF6FF9E1E6EBF9A2" box="[236,397,1620,1646]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="43">Abies pindrow</emphasis>
(Royle ex D.Don)
<bibRefCitation id="F231BAB2FF9BFF93FDE7F9E1E47DF9A2" author="Royle, J. F." box="[612,795,1620,1646]" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" refId="ref4024" refString="Royle, J. F. (1836) Illustrations of the botany and other branches of the natural history of the Himalayan Mountains and of the flora of Cashmere 1 (9). Allen, London, t. 86." type="book" year="1836">Royle (1836:86)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="51A0BCC0FF9BFF93FCD2F9E1E2CDF9A2" authority="(Roxb. ex D. Don) G. Don (1830: 388)" authorityName="G. Don" authorityPageNumber="388" authorityYear="1830" baseAuthorityName="D. Don" box="[849,1451,1620,1647]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Cedrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="deodara">
<emphasis id="A4D41B51FF9BFF93FCD2F9E1E360F9A2" box="[849,1030,1620,1646]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="43">Cedrus deodara</emphasis>
(Roxb. ex D.Don) G.
<bibRefCitation id="F231BAB2FF9BFF93FB76F9E1E2CDF9A2" author="Don, G." box="[1269,1451,1620,1646]" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" refId="ref3157" refString="Don, G. (1830) Cedrus. In: Loudon, J. C. (Ed.) Hortus Britannicus. A catalogue of all the plants indigenous, cultivated in, or introduced to Britain. Printed for Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green, London, p. 388." type="journal volume" year="1830">Don (1830:388)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in small colonies and in association with
<taxonomicName id="51A0BCC0FF9BFF93FDD4F9CCE384F95E" authority="(Lindl. ex Hook. f.) Lacaita (1916: 467)" authorityName="Lacaita" authorityPageNumber="467" authorityYear="1916" baseAuthorityName="Hook. f." box="[599,1250,1656,1683]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Fragaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nubicola">
<emphasis id="A4D41B51FF9BFF93FDD4F9CCE441F95E" box="[599,807,1656,1682]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="43">Fragaria nubicola</emphasis>
(Lindl. ex Hook.f.)
<bibRefCitation id="F231BAB2FF9BFF93FB89F9CDE384F95E" author="Lacaita, C. C." box="[1034,1250,1656,1682]" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" refId="ref3720" refString="Lacaita, C. C. (1916) Plants collected in Sikkim, including the Kalimpong district, April 8 th to May 9 th, 1913. Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany. London 43: 467. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.1916. tb 00614. x" type="journal volume" year="1916">Lacaita (1916:467)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="51A0BCC0FF9BFF93FB6DF9CDE63FF97B" authority="D. Don (1837: 529)" authorityName="D. Don" authorityPageNumber="529" authorityYear="1837" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gentianaceae" genus="Halenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elliptica">
<emphasis id="A4D41B51FF9BFF93FB6DF9CDE2CAF95E" box="[1262,1452,1656,1682]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="43">Halenia elliptica</emphasis>
D.
<bibRefCitation id="F231BAB2FF9BFF93FF23F928E63FF97B" author="Don, D." box="[160,345,1692,1719]" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" refId="ref3112" refString="Don, D. (1837) Descriptions of Indian Gentianaceae. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 17 (4): 529. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.1834. tb 00041. x" type="journal volume" year="1837">Don (1837:529)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="51A0BCC0FF9BFF93FEE5F928E41AF97A" authority="Kar. &amp; Kir. (1842: 179)" authorityName="Kar. &amp; Kir." authorityPageNumber="179" authorityYear="1842" box="[358,892,1692,1719]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balsaminaceae" genus="Impatiens" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brachycentra">
<emphasis id="A4D41B51FF9BFF93FEE5F928E516F97A" box="[358,624,1692,1718]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="43">Impatiens brachycentra</emphasis>
Kar. &amp; Kir. (1842:179)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="51A0BCC0FF9BFF93FC0BF928E257F97A" authority="Edgew. (1846: 40)" authorityName="Edgew." authorityPageNumber="40" authorityYear="1846" box="[904,1329,1692,1718]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balsaminaceae" genus="Impatiens" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxiflora">
<emphasis id="A4D41B51FF9BFF93FC0BF928E338F97A" box="[904,1118,1692,1718]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="43">Impatiens laxiflora</emphasis>
Edgew. (1846:40)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="51A0BCC0FF9BFF93FABEF928E6CEF917" authority="Wall. (1824: 458)" authorityName="Wall." authorityPageNumber="458" authorityYear="1824" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balsaminaceae" genus="Impatiens" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sulcata">
<emphasis id="A4D41B51FF9BFF93FABEF928E7BFF916" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="43">Impatiens sulcata</emphasis>
Wall. (1824:458)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="51A0BCC0FF9BFF93FE3BF975E35FF917" authority="(Wall.) Planch. (1887: 451)" authorityName="Planch." authorityPageNumber="451" authorityYear="1887" baseAuthorityName="Wall." box="[440,1081,1728,1755]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Parthenocissus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Vitales" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="semicordata">
<emphasis id="A4D41B51FF9BFF93FE3BF975E59EF916" box="[440,760,1728,1754]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="43">Parthenocissus semicordata</emphasis>
(Wall.) Planch. (1887:451)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="51A0BCC0FF9BFF93FBCAF974E60DF932" authority="(Meisn.) H. Gross (1913: 277)" authorityName="H. Gross" authorityPageNumber="277" authorityYear="1913" baseAuthorityName="Meisn." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Persicaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nepalensis">
<emphasis id="A4D41B51FF9BFF93FBCAF974E226F916" box="[1097,1344,1728,1754]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="43">Persicaria nepalensis</emphasis>
(Meisn.) H.
<bibRefCitation id="F231BAB2FF9BFF93FF23F951E60DF932" author="Gross, H." box="[160,363,1764,1790]" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" refId="ref3379" refString="Gross, H. (1913) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Polygonaceen. Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 49 (2): 277." type="journal volume" year="1913">Gross (1913:277)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="51A0BCC0FF9BFF93FE29F951E484F932" authority="Wall. ex DC. (1830: 329)" authorityName="DC." authorityPageNumber="329" authorityYear="1830" box="[426,994,1764,1791]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Viburnaceae" genus="Viburnum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflorum">
<emphasis id="A4D41B51FF9BFF93FE29F951E5D1F932" box="[426,695,1764,1790]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="43">Viburnum grandiflorum</emphasis>
Wall. ex DC. (1830:329)
</taxonomicName>
etc. Three images of this species from below Chanshal Pass area can be seen on eFloraofIndia portal, tentatively identified by second author (WA) in 2017 (eFloraofIndia).
<taxonomicName id="51A0BCC0FF9BFF93FEC3F898E57CF88A" box="[320,538,1836,1862]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balsaminaceae" genus="Impatiens" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violoides">
<emphasis id="A4D41B51FF9BFF93FEC3F898E57CF88A" box="[320,538,1836,1862]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="43">Impatiens violoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distributed between
<quantity id="51586AA6FF9BFF93FC99F899E4A4F88B" box="[794,962,1836,1863]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="2950.0" valueMax="3400.0" valueMin="2500.0">
<geoCoordinate id="F394A184FF9BFF93FC99F899E43FF88B" box="[794,857,1836,1863]" degrees="2,500" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" precision="55" value="2.5">2,500</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="F394A184FF9BFF93FCDAF899E4C0F88B" box="[857,934,1836,1863]" degrees="3,400" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" precision="55" value="-3.4">–3,400</geoCoordinate>
m
</quantity>
elevation in dense temperate conifer forests in Rohru valley, Shimla district of
<collectingRegion id="546409A1FF9BFF93FD8FF8E5E5BAF8A6" box="[524,732,1872,1898]" country="India" name="Himachal Pradesh" pageId="1" pageNumber="43">Himachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="C2DF97CBFF98FF90FF0BF926E558F902" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13214533" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13214533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13214533/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="44" startId="2.[136,229,1683,1705]" targetBox="[336,1252,187,1656]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="961FC743FF98FF90FF0BF926E558F902" blockId="2.[136,1452,1683,1742]" pageId="2" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="A4D41B51FF98FF90FF0BF926E798F965" bold="true" box="[136,254,1683,1705]" pageId="2" pageNumber="44">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="51A0BCC0FF98FF90FE80F921E6D9F965" box="[259,447,1684,1705]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balsaminaceae" genus="Impatiens" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="2" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violoides">
<emphasis id="A4D41B51FF98FF90FE80F921E6D9F965" box="[259,447,1684,1705]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="44">Impatiens violoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: A–B—Flowering plant habit; C—Flowering twig showing variation in type of inflorescence; D—Basal portion of main stem showing swollen nodes.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="DEBA94C8FF98FF91FF3EF949E3CDFF10" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="2" pageNumber="44" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="961FC743FF98FF91FF3EF949E3CDFF10" blockId="2.[136,1452,1788,2067]" lastBlockId="3.[136,1451,158,221]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="2" pageNumber="44">
IUCN Red List assessment:—
<taxonomicName id="51A0BCC0FF98FF90FD97F948E596F8DA" box="[532,752,1788,1814]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balsaminaceae" genus="Impatiens" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="2" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violoides">
<emphasis id="A4D41B51FF98FF90FD97F948E596F8DA" box="[532,752,1788,1814]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="44">Impatiens violoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally described based on a single collection of M.P. Edgeworth in 1844 from Janglig/Junglung, below Chanshal Pass, Shimla,
<collectingRegion id="546409A1FF98FF90FC5AF895E3CDF8F6" box="[985,1195,1824,1850]" country="India" name="Himachal Pradesh" pageId="2" pageNumber="44">Himachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
. It remained as a little known species for almost 18 decades with no re-collections done. Based on our field surveys from 2018–2023 and literature surveys, 3 subpopulations are known to exist in the distribution range with each estimated to contain an average of less than 500 mature individuals comprising an overall population size of less than 1500 mature individuals. Many individuals of one population were found growing along roadside and are threatened by increased anthropogenic pressure causing habitat loss (tree felling and road widening activities).The EOO (Extent of Occurrence) and AOO (Area of Occupancy) is calculated using the online software GeoCAT, as 67.27 and 27 sq.km. respectively (AOO based on user defined cell width of 3 sqKm;
<figureCitation id="0E9BDBC6FF99FF91FD06FF2BE5AFFF74" box="[645,713,158,184]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1230,1252]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,353,1205]" captionTargetId="figure-100@4.[340,1247,353,1205]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Distribution of I. violoides showing Extent of Occurrence (EOO) and Area of Occupancy (AOO). A—Kasha Pat (Daranghati Wildlife Sanctuary); B—Type locality (Between Pekha and Janglikh) and C (Larot, below Chanshal Pass). Made using Google Earth Pro and GeoCAT Kew. https://geocat.kew.org/editor." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13214537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13214537/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="45">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Thus, based on Criterion B following IUCN red list assessment guidelines (
<bibRefCitation id="F231BAB2FF99FF91FE89FF77E6F7FF10" author="IUCN" box="[266,401,194,220]" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" refId="ref3437" refString="IUCN (2019) Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria, version 3.1, second edition. Available from: https: // www. iucnredlist. org / (accessed 5 November 2023)" type="url" year="2019">IUCN 2019</bibRefCitation>
)
<taxonomicName id="51A0BCC0FF99FF91FE1CFF76E51CFF10" box="[415,634,194,220]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balsaminaceae" genus="Impatiens" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violoides">
<emphasis id="A4D41B51FF99FF91FE1CFF76E51CFF10" box="[415,634,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="45">Impatiens violoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is assessed as globally Endangered [B1+2ab(iii)].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="C2DF97CBFF99FF91FF0BFA52E378F989" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13214535" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13214535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13214535/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" startId="3.[136,229,1511,1533]" targetBox="[340,1247,245,1485]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="961FC743FF99FF91FF0BFA52E378F989" blockId="3.[136,1452,1511,1605]" pageId="3" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="A4D41B51FF99FF91FF0BFA52E667FA30" bold="true" box="[136,257,1511,1533]" pageId="3" pageNumber="45">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="51A0BCC0FF99FF91FE89FA52E6AFFA30" box="[266,457,1511,1532]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balsaminaceae" genus="Impatiens" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violoides">
<emphasis id="A4D41B51FF99FF91FE89FA52E6AFFA30" box="[266,457,1511,1532]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="45">Impatiens violoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: A—Flower front view; B—Flower back view; C—Flower side view; D—Flower bud; E—Mature raceme inflorescence showing capsules; F—Lateral united petals (adaxial); G—Dorsal petal (abaxial); H—Lateral sepal (abaxial); I— Androecium covering gynoecium; J—Lower sepal; K—Glands at the base of petiole; L—Seed.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="DEBA94C8FF99FF91FF3EF9C6E795F8A9" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="961FC743FF99FF91FF3EF9C6E795F8A9" blockId="3.[136,1452,1651,2074]" pageId="3" pageNumber="45">
<materialsCitation id="26C8CD1EFF99FF91FF3EF9C6E2C1F941" box="[189,1447,1651,1678]" collectorName="M. P. Edgeworth" country="India" elevation="1068" location="Junglung" municipality="Specimens" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1">
<collectingMunicipality id="767B5D39FF99FF91FF3EF9C6E650F941" box="[189,310,1651,1677]" pageId="3" pageNumber="45">Specimens</collectingMunicipality>
examined:—
<collectingCountry id="EEB787D3FF99FF91FE52F9C6E545F941" box="[465,547,1651,1677]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="45">INDIA</collectingCountry>
, near
<location id="937F9198FF99FF91FDE9F9C6E5B5F941" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1E097655FF9BFF96FF0BFCF5E585F975:937F9198FF99FF91FDE9F9C6E5B5F941" box="[618,723,1651,1677]" country="India" municipality="Specimens" name="Junglung" pageId="3" pageNumber="45">Junglung</location>
,
<quantity id="51586AA6FF99FF91FD63F9C6E400F941" box="[736,870,1651,1677]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0680192" metricValueMax="2.1336" metricValueMin="0.0024384" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" unit="ft" value="3504.0" valueMax="7000.0" valueMin="8.0">
<elevation id="1D8D2070FF99FF91FD63F9C6E400F941" box="[736,870,1651,1677]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0680192" metricValueMax="2.1336" metricValueMin="0.0024384" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" unit="ft" value="3504.0" valueMax="7000.0" valueMin="8.0">8-7000 feet</elevation>
</quantity>
, 00.10.1844,
<collectorName id="3B55A295FF99FF91FB82F9C1E3DFF941" box="[1025,1209,1651,1678]" pageId="3" pageNumber="45">M.P. Edgeworth</collectorName>
342 (K000694928!)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="26C8CD1EFF99FF91FF0BF922E614F919" collectingDate="2017-12-08" collectorName="H. B. Naithani &amp; Anup Chandra" country="India" county="Shimla District" location="Chainsheel" municipality="Rohru" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh">
<collectingRegion id="546409A1FF99FF91FF0BF922E63EF97D" box="[136,344,1687,1713]" country="India" name="Himachal Pradesh" pageId="3" pageNumber="45">Himachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="7F7EBFCFFF99FF91FEE0F922E576F97D" box="[355,528,1687,1713]" pageId="3" pageNumber="45">Shimla District</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="767B5D39FF99FF91FD98F922E507F97D" box="[539,609,1687,1713]" pageId="3" pageNumber="45">Rohru</collectingMunicipality>
sub-division,
<location id="937F9198FF99FF91FC82F922E41BF97D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1E097655FF9BFF96FF0BFCF5E585F975:937F9198FF99FF91FC82F922E41BF97D" box="[769,893,1687,1713]" country="India" county="Shimla District" municipality="Rohru" name="Chainsheel" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh">Chainsheel</location>
road,
<location id="937F9198FF99FF91FC46F92DE363F97E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1E097655FF9BFF96FF0BFCF5E585F975:937F9198FF99FF91FC46F92DE363F97E" box="[965,1029,1688,1714]" country="India" county="Shimla District" municipality="Rohru" name="Larot" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh">Larot</location>
,
<date id="E21EE183FF99FF91FB8CF922E3F6F97D" box="[1039,1168,1687,1713]" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" value="2017-12-08">
<collectingDate id="F25A186BFF99FF91FB8CF922E3F6F97D" box="[1039,1168,1687,1713]" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" value="2017-12-08">12.08.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="3B55A295FF99FF91FB1FF92DE25EF97D" box="[1180,1336,1687,1714]" pageId="3" pageNumber="45">H.B. Naithani</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="3B55A295FF99FF91FAEEF922E781F919" pageId="3" pageNumber="45">Anup Chandra</collectorName>
5823 (DD!)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="26C8CD1EFF99FF91FEFFF90EE31FF935" collectingDate="2023-12-09" collectorName="Ashutosh Sharma" country="India" county="Shimla District" elevation="2800" latitude="30.16877" location="On" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="79.9251" municipality="Rohru" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh">
<collectingRegion id="546409A1FF99FF91FEFFF90EE52DF919" box="[380,587,1723,1749]" country="India" name="Himachal Pradesh" pageId="3" pageNumber="45">Himachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="7F7EBFCFFF99FF91FDD7F90EE466F919" box="[596,768,1723,1749]" pageId="3" pageNumber="45">Shimla District</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="767B5D39FF99FF91FC89F90EE436F919" box="[778,848,1723,1749]" pageId="3" pageNumber="45">Rohru</collectingMunicipality>
sub-division,
<location id="937F9198FF99FF91FC6EF90EE369F919" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1E097655FF9BFF96FF0BFCF5E585F975:937F9198FF99FF91FC6EF90EE369F919" box="[1005,1039,1723,1749]" country="India" county="Shimla District" latitude="30.16877" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="79.9251" municipality="Rohru" name="On" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh">On</location>
way to
<location id="937F9198FF99FF91FBE6F90EE3ABF919" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1E097655FF9BFF96FF0BFCF5E585F975:937F9198FF99FF91FBE6F90EE3ABF919" box="[1125,1229,1723,1749]" country="India" county="Shimla District" latitude="30.16877" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="79.9251" municipality="Rohru" name="Chanshal" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh">Chanshal</location>
after crossing
<location id="937F9198FF99FF91FAECF909E7B1F935" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1E097655FF9BFF96FF0BFCF5E585F975:937F9198FF99FF91FAECF909E7B1F935" country="India" county="Shimla District" latitude="30.16877" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="79.9251" municipality="Rohru" name="Larot village" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh">Larot village</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="F394A184FF99FF91FF62F96AE602F936" box="[225,356,1759,1786]" degrees="30.16877" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" precision="1" value="30.16877">30.16877 N</geoCoordinate>
&amp;
<geoCoordinate id="F394A184FF99FF91FE05F96AE561F936" box="[390,519,1759,1786]" degrees="79.92510" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" precision="1" value="79.9251">79.92510 E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="51586AA6FF99FF91FD91F96AE50EF936" box="[530,616,1759,1786]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="2800.0">
<elevation id="1D8D2070FF99FF91FD91F96AE50EF936" box="[530,616,1759,1786]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="2800.0">2800 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="E21EE183FF99FF91FDF0F96AE592F935" box="[627,756,1759,1785]" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" value="2023-12-09">
<collectingDate id="F25A186BFF99FF91FDF0F96AE592F935" box="[627,756,1759,1785]" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" value="2023-12-09">12.09.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="3B55A295FF99FF91FD7FF96AE4A4F935" box="[764,962,1759,1785]" pageId="3" pageNumber="45">Ashutosh Sharma</collectorName>
12585 (FRLH!)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="26C8CD1EFF99FF91FB07F96AE2C1F8D1" collectingDate="2023-10-09" collectorName="Ashutosh Sharma" country="India" county="Shimla District" elevation="3000" location="Kasha Pat forest" municipality="Daranghati Wildlife Sanctuary" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh">
<collectingRegion id="546409A1FF99FF91FB07F96AE235F935" box="[1156,1363,1759,1785]" country="India" name="Himachal Pradesh" pageId="3" pageNumber="45">Himachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="7F7EBFCFFF99FF91FADFF96AE7B9F8D1" pageId="3" pageNumber="45">Shimla District</collectingCounty>
, near
<collectingMunicipality id="767B5D39FF99FF91FEA3F8B6E510F8D1" box="[288,630,1795,1821]" pageId="3" pageNumber="45">Daranghati Wildlife Sanctuary</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="937F9198FF99FF91FD02F8B6E45CF8D1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1E097655FF9BFF96FF0BFCF5E585F975:937F9198FF99FF91FD02F8B6E45CF8D1" box="[641,826,1795,1822]" country="India" county="Shimla District" municipality="Daranghati Wildlife Sanctuary" name="Kasha Pat forest" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh">Kasha Pat forest</location>
,
<quantity id="51586AA6FF99FF91FCC7F8B6E4FDF8D2" box="[836,923,1795,1822]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="3000.0">
<elevation id="1D8D2070FF99FF91FCC7F8B6E4FDF8D2" box="[836,923,1795,1822]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="3000.0">3000 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="E21EE183FF99FF91FC25F8B6E341F8D1" box="[934,1063,1795,1821]" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" value="2023-10-09">
<collectingDate id="F25A186BFF99FF91FC25F8B6E341F8D1" box="[934,1063,1795,1821]" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" value="2023-10-09">10.09.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="3B55A295FF99FF91FBB3F8B6E39EF8D1" box="[1072,1272,1795,1821]" pageId="3" pageNumber="45">Ashutosh Sharma</collectorName>
, 12584 (CAL!)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="26C8CD1EFF99FF91FF0BF892E789F8A9" collectingDate="2023-12-09" collectorName="Ashutosh Sharma" country="India" county="Shimla District" elevation="2850" location="Janglikh forest" municipality="Rohru" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh">
<collectingRegion id="546409A1FF99FF91FF0BF892E631F88D" box="[136,343,1831,1857]" country="India" name="Himachal Pradesh" pageId="3" pageNumber="45">Himachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="7F7EBFCFFF99FF91FEE3F892E56AF88D" box="[352,524,1831,1857]" pageId="3" pageNumber="45">Shimla District</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="767B5D39FF99FF91FD95F892E53AF88D" box="[534,604,1831,1857]" pageId="3" pageNumber="45">Rohru</collectingMunicipality>
sub-division,
<location id="937F9198FF99FF91FD7AF892E4C7F88D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1E097655FF9BFF96FF0BFCF5E585F975:937F9198FF99FF91FD7AF892E4C7F88D" box="[761,929,1831,1857]" country="India" county="Shimla District" municipality="Rohru" name="Janglikh forest" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh">Janglikh forest</location>
,
<quantity id="51586AA6FF99FF91FC29F892E366F88E" box="[938,1024,1831,1858]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="2850.0">
<elevation id="1D8D2070FF99FF91FC29F892E366F88E" box="[938,1024,1831,1858]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="2850.0">2850 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="E21EE183FF99FF91FB89F892E3EDF88D" box="[1034,1163,1831,1857]" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" value="2023-12-09">
<collectingDate id="F25A186BFF99FF91FB89F892E3EDF88D" box="[1034,1163,1831,1857]" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" value="2023-12-09">12.09.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="3B55A295FF99FF91FB17F892E23DF88D" box="[1172,1371,1831,1857]" pageId="3" pageNumber="45">Ashutosh Sharma</collectorName>
, 12586 (FRLH!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DEBA94C8FF99FF96FF3EF8DAE585F975" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="961FC743FF99FF96FF3EF8DAE676FE84" blockId="3.[136,1452,1651,2074]" lastBlockId="4.[136,1452,158,328]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="3" pageNumber="45">
Discussion:—
<taxonomicName id="51A0BCC0FF99FF91FEDFF8C5E55EF845" box="[348,568,1903,1929]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balsaminaceae" genus="Impatiens" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violoides">
<emphasis id="A4D41B51FF99FF91FEDFF8C5E55EF845" box="[348,568,1903,1929]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="45">Impatiens violoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a rare Western Himalayan endemic species characterised by its large white spurless flowers. The spurless character of flower is uncommon in Western Himalayan balsam species. For comparison, spurless species from Himalayas are
<taxonomicName id="51A0BCC0FF99FF91FDB7F80DE38DF81E" authority="Benth. ex Hook. f. &amp; Thomson (1859: 136)" authorityName="Hook. f. &amp; Thomson" authorityPageNumber="136" authorityYear="1859" box="[564,1259,1975,2002]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balsaminaceae" genus="Impatiens" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serrata">
<emphasis id="A4D41B51FF99FF91FDB7F80DE59BF81D" box="[564,765,1976,2001]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="45">Impatiens serrata</emphasis>
Benth. ex Hook.f. &amp; Thomson (1859:136)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="51A0BCC0FF99FF91FAA4F80DE535F83A" authority="S. Akiyama, H. Ohba &amp; Wakab. (1991: 75)" authorityName="S. Akiyama, H. Ohba &amp; Wakab." authorityPageNumber="75" authorityYear="1991" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balsaminaceae" genus="Impatiens" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kharensis">
<emphasis id="A4D41B51FF99FF91FAA4F80DE2CDF81D" box="[1319,1451,1975,2001]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="45">I. kharensis</emphasis>
S.Akiyama, H.Ohba &amp; Wakab. (1991:75)
</taxonomicName>
having small/medium plant size upto
<quantity id="51586AA6FF99FF91FC7BF86EE35AF83A" box="[1016,1084,2011,2038]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" unit="cm" value="70.0">70 cm</quantity>
tall with white or yellow solitary flowers (
<bibRefCitation id="F231BAB2FF99FF91FF6AF84AE6A9F7D5" author="Akiyama, S. &amp; Ohba, H. &amp; Wakabayashi, M." box="[233,463,2047,2073]" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" pagination="67 - 94" refId="ref2846" refString="Akiyama, S., Ohba, H. &amp; Wakabayashi, M. (1991) Taxonomic notes of the east Himalayan species of Impatiens: studies of Himalayan Impatiens (Balsaminaceae). In: Ohba, H. &amp; Malla, S. B. (Eds.) The Himalayan plants: volume 2. University Museum; University of Tokyo, Tokyo, pp. 67 - 94. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.1992. tb 00270. x" type="book chapter" year="1991">
Akiyama
<emphasis id="A4D41B51FF99FF91FEDBF7B5E6E9F7D5" box="[344,399,2047,2073]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="45">et al.</emphasis>
1991
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="F231BAB2FF99FF91FE5AF84AE5E7F7D5" author="Akiyama, S." box="[473,641,2047,2073]" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" pagination="79 - 101" refId="ref2791" refString="Akiyama, S. (2021) Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) of Nepal (1) An Identification Key and Taxonomy of the Species of Sections Uniflorae, Fasciculatae and Axilliflorae. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science. Series B, Botany 47 (2): 79 - 101." type="journal article" year="2021">Akiyama 2021</bibRefCitation>
). Also
<taxonomicName id="51A0BCC0FF99FF91FD4EF7B5E34AF7D5" authority="H. Hara (1972: 142)" authorityName="H. Hara" authorityPageNumber="142" authorityYear="1972" box="[717,1068,2047,2074]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balsaminaceae" genus="Impatiens" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="williamsii">
<emphasis id="A4D41B51FF99FF91FD4EF7B5E434F7D5" box="[717,850,2047,2073]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="45">I. williamsii</emphasis>
H.
<bibRefCitation id="F231BAB2FF99FF91FCF3F7B5E34AF7D5" author="Hara, H." box="[880,1068,2047,2074]" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" refId="ref3407" refString="Hara, H. (1972) New or noteworthy flowering plants from Eastern Himalaya (10). Journal of Japanese Botany 47 (5): 142." type="journal volume" year="1972">Hara (1972:142)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
known from small area in western
<collectingCountry id="EEB787D3FF9EFF96FF0BFF2BE7ADFF74" box="[136,203,158,184]" name="Nepal" pageId="4" pageNumber="46">Nepal</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F231BAB2FF9EFF96FF5BFF2BE6C2FF74" author="Sherpa, N. &amp; Kasaju, S. K. &amp; Subedi, S. &amp; Gogoi, R." box="[216,420,158,184]" pageId="4" pageNumber="46" pagination="23 - 27" refId="ref4132" refString="Sherpa, N., Kasaju, S. K., Subedi, S. &amp; Gogoi, R. (2021) Notes on the recollection and typification of Impatiens williamsii H. Hara (Balsaminaceae) - A little known endemic species of Nepal. Nelumbo 63 (2): 23 - 27. https: // doi. org / 10.20324 / nelumbo / v 63 / 2021 / 167712" type="journal article" year="2021">
Sherpa
<emphasis id="A4D41B51FF9EFF96FEADFF2AE603FF74" box="[302,357,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
) do not exceed
<quantity id="51586AA6FF9EFF96FDD1FF2BE5FFFF75" box="[594,665,158,185]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="60.0">60 cm</quantity>
, has short racemose inflorescence with 1 to 3 yellow or purple flowers. Recently described
<taxonomicName id="51A0BCC0FF9EFF96FEE7FF76E428FF10" authority="(Singh et al. 2022)" baseAuthorityName="Singh" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[356,846,194,221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balsaminaceae" genus="Impatiens" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="4" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="glauca" variety="ecalcarata">
<emphasis id="A4D41B51FF9EFF96FEE7FF76E6A1FF10" box="[356,455,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="46">I. glauca</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="A4D41B51FF9EFF96FE7DFF77E510FF10" box="[510,630,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="46">ecalcarata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F231BAB2FF9EFF96FD06FF77E421FF10" author="Singh, H. &amp; Sharma, A. &amp; Adamowski, W." box="[645,839,194,220]" pageId="4" pageNumber="46" pagination="280 - 286" refId="ref4207" refString="Singh, H., Sharma, A. &amp; Adamowski, W. (2022) Impatiens glauca Hook. f. et Thomson - A little known Himalayan species with augmented description and a new spurless variety. Phytotaxa 539 (3): 280 - 286. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 539.3.7" type="journal article" year="2022">
Singh
<emphasis id="A4D41B51FF9EFF96FD4DFF76E460FF10" box="[718,774,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
2022
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
could be as big as
<taxonomicName id="51A0BCC0FF9EFF96FBA1FF76E3F8FF10" box="[1058,1182,194,220]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balsaminaceae" genus="Impatiens" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="4" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violoides">
<emphasis id="A4D41B51FF9EFF96FBA1FF76E3F8FF10" box="[1058,1182,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="46">I. violoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but has glaucous leaves with crenate or undulate margins and inflorescences with no more than eight flowers. The discussed species based on its most often racemose inflorescence and shape of capsule can be provisionally assigned to section
<taxonomicName id="51A0BCC0FF9EFF96FB78FEBEE66AFE84" authority="(Yu et al. 2016)" baseAuthorityName="Yu" baseAuthorityYear="2016" pageId="4" pageNumber="46" rank="section" section="Racemosae">
Racemosae (
<bibRefCitation id="F231BAB2FF9EFF96FA09FEBFE662FE84" author="Yu, S. X. &amp; Janssens, S. B. &amp; Zhu, X. Y. &amp; Liden, M. &amp; Gao, T. G. &amp; Wang, W." pageId="4" pageNumber="46" pagination="179 - 197" refId="ref4398" refString="Yu, S. X., Janssens, S. B., Zhu, X. Y., Liden, M., Gao, T. G. &amp; Wang, W. (2016) Phylogeny of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae): integrating molecular and morphological evidence into a new classification. Cladistics 32: 179 - 197. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12119" type="journal article" year="2016">
Yu
<emphasis id="A4D41B51FF9EFF96FF0BFE9AE7A6FE84" box="[136,192,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C2DF97CBFF9EFF96FF0BFB7BE53CFAE0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13214537" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13214537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13214537/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="46" startId="4.[136,229,1230,1252]" targetBox="[340,1247,353,1205]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="961FC743FF9EFF96FF0BFB7BE53CFAE0" blockId="4.[136,1451,1230,1324]" pageId="4" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="A4D41B51FF9EFF96FF0BFB7BE79BFB2F" bold="true" box="[136,253,1230,1252]" pageId="4" pageNumber="46">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Distribution of
<taxonomicName id="51A0BCC0FF9EFF96FE15FB7AE566FB2F" box="[406,512,1230,1252]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balsaminaceae" genus="Impatiens" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="4" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violoides">
<emphasis id="A4D41B51FF9EFF96FE15FB7AE566FB2F" box="[406,512,1230,1252]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="46">I. violoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showing Extent of Occurrence (EOO) and Area of Occupancy (AOO). A—Kasha Pat (Daranghati Wildlife Sanctuary); B—Type locality (Between Pekha and Janglikh) and C (Larot, below Chanshal Pass). Made using Google Earth Pro and GeoCAT Kew. https://geocat.kew.org/editor.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="961FC743FF9EFF96FF3EFAEEE585F975" blockId="4.[136,1452,1371,1721]" pageId="4" pageNumber="46">
Narrow endemism (steno-endemism) seems to be common in genus
<taxonomicName id="51A0BCC0FF9EFF96FC34FAEEE343FAB8" box="[951,1061,1371,1396]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balsaminaceae" genus="Impatiens" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="4" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A4D41B51FF9EFF96FC34FAEEE343FAB8" box="[951,1061,1371,1396]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="46">Impatiens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F231BAB2FF9EFF96FBB0FAEEE261FAB9" author="Grey-Wilson, C." box="[1075,1287,1371,1397]" pageId="4" pageNumber="46" refId="ref3326" refString="Grey-Wilson, C. (1980) Impatiens of Africa: morphology; pollination and pollinators; ecology; phytogeography; hybridisation; keys and a systematic treatment of all African species; with a note on collecting and cultivation. Rotterdam; A. A. Balkema viii, 235 pp." type="book" year="1980">Grey-Wilson 1980</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="F231BAB2FF9EFF96FA92FAEEE2C2FAB9" author="Fischer, E." box="[1297,1444,1371,1397]" pageId="4" pageNumber="46" pagination="20 - 25" refId="ref3268" refString="Fischer, E. (2004) Balsaminaceae. In: Kubitzki, K. (Ed.) The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants VI. Springer, Berlin, pp. 20 - 25. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 662 - 07257 - 8 _ 4" type="book chapter" year="2004">Fischer 2004</bibRefCitation>
) and the reason for endemism is habitat requirements of majority of species and rapid diversification of the genus in recent geological time (
<bibRefCitation id="F231BAB2FF9EFF96FE0AFA16E500FA71" author="Janssens, S. B. &amp; Knox, E. B. &amp; Huysmans, S. &amp; Smets, E. F. &amp; Merckx, V. S. T. F." box="[393,614,1443,1469]" pageId="4" pageNumber="46" pagination="806 - 824" refId="ref3562" refString="Janssens, S. B., Knox, E. B., Huysmans, S., Smets, E. F. &amp; Merckx, V. S. T. F. (2009) Rapid radiation of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) during Pliocene and Pleistocene: Result of a global climate change. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 52 (3): 806 - 824. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2009.04.013" type="journal article" year="2009">
Janssens
<emphasis id="A4D41B51FF9EFF96FE73FA16E541FA71" box="[496,551,1443,1469]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="F231BAB2FF9EFF96FDECFA16E470FA71" author="Qin, F. &amp; Xue, T. &amp; Zhang, X. &amp; Yang, X. &amp; Yu, J. &amp; Gadagkar, S. R. &amp; Yu, S." box="[623,790,1443,1469]" pageId="4" pageNumber="46" refId="ref3878" refString="Qin, F., Xue, T., Zhang, X., Yang, X., Yu, J., Gadagkar, S. R. &amp; Yu, S. (2023) Past climate cooling and orogenesis of the Hengduan Mountains have influenced the evolution of Impatiens sect. Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) in the Northern Hemisphere. BMC Plant Biology 23 (1): 600. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12870 - 023 - 04625 - w" type="journal volume" year="2023">
Qin
<emphasis id="A4D41B51FF9EFF96FD1DFA16E5B2FA71" box="[670,724,1443,1469]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
2023
</bibRefCitation>
). Complete lack of observations or collections of
<taxonomicName id="51A0BCC0FF9EFF96FAB2FA16E2CDFA71" box="[1329,1451,1443,1469]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balsaminaceae" genus="Impatiens" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="4" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violoides">
<emphasis id="A4D41B51FF9EFF96FAB2FA16E2CDFA71" box="[1329,1451,1443,1469]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="46">I. violoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from other areas of Western Himalaya and
<collectingCountry id="EEB787D3FF9EFF96FDF3FA72E5D0FA2D" box="[624,694,1479,1505]" name="Nepal" pageId="4" pageNumber="46">Nepal</collectingCountry>
, as well as presence of only single observation (eFloraofIndia) and one herbarium sheet of the species, apart from
<typeStatus id="491B79E1FF9EFF96FD1BFA5EE5AEF9C9" box="[664,712,1515,1541]" pageId="4" pageNumber="46">type</typeStatus>
collection and our herbarium material (see Specimens examined) confirm the status of discussed species as rare and steno-endemic. The reason for restricted distribution of this species in a single valley can be attributed to two factors, first its geographical position (
<figureCitation id="0E9BDBC6FF9EFF96FBB3F986E309F981" box="[1072,1135,1587,1613]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1230,1252]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,353,1205]" captionTargetId="figure-100@4.[340,1247,353,1205]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Distribution of I. violoides showing Extent of Occurrence (EOO) and Area of Occupancy (AOO). A—Kasha Pat (Daranghati Wildlife Sanctuary); B—Type locality (Between Pekha and Janglikh) and C (Larot, below Chanshal Pass). Made using Google Earth Pro and GeoCAT Kew. https://geocat.kew.org/editor." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13214537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13214537/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="46">Fig 3</figureCitation>
) as the species habitats are surrounded by high Himalayan mountain range (4000 metres and above) on the three sides thus making dispersal of genetic material difficult to the other side of high mountain ranges and secondly it may have evolved more recently, thus can also be considered as a neo-endemic species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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