148 lines
15 KiB
XML
148 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document id="03545AC7595929A86DA15E5A8B7B92B2" ID-CLB-Dataset="45739" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.204440" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3adb68b0-b73e-48f4-a667-d9cbe60e627b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="204440" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460421794585" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gilligan, Todd M., Brown, John W. & Hoddle, Mark S." docDate="2011" docId="1D4287B1FF81FFA5FF53FAB7ADB7F888" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03137p045.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3137" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Stenoma catenifer Walsingham" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="E17BFFC9FF8BFFAFFFC4FF83AC70FF87" masterDocTitle="A new avocado pest in Central America (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with a key to Lepidoptera larvae threatening avocados in California" masterLastPageNumber="45" masterPageNumber="31" pageNumber="41" updateTime="1698330080259" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="DF06400D21E643935EB0F355A4C35524">
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<mods:title id="EED0774E673AB0B21AB35476BFF39E48">A new avocado pest in Central America (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with a key to Lepidoptera larvae threatening avocados in California</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="ADDA3FD5ECC561B27CE53096EC3A4A77" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="4E22468219C760E1287D818EA22EF201">Gilligan, Todd M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2138150018C7D1AC3699F5C5DA8D2734">Brown, John W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="FF18E433B5D9B50BFB4801ABAD87625A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5089E8A537D67CB755B6EF7E6D79F90B">Hoddle, Mark S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="AC95EDCF03434CBD55486F8188708CA2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="437EA8C25B0C80D0A915B00B1FD50B0C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="37620B1E7FBD493519087140BE14C34C">
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<mods:date id="12ABE16BB41E5FB20DAFBBF70CCAFD02">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DB8E643378A41357B941D0D7A949CE9A">3137</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="755C98586199621BE6334BA623764770" type="CLB-Dataset">45739</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C14F7CC62CE82130C7CEFDBB12ADEAE5" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.204440</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="1D4287B1FF81FFA5FF53FAB7ADB7F888" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5674006" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119427377" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5674006" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1D4287B1FF81FFA5FF53FAB7ADB7F888" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1D4287B1FF81FFA5FF53FAB7ADB7F888" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">
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<subSubSection id="DDF1652CFF81FFA5FF53FAB7AFF4FAC9" box="[151,900,1332,1358]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="955436A7FF81FFA5FF53FAB7AFF4FAC9" blockId="10.[151,900,1332,1358]" box="[151,900,1332,1358]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">
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<heading id="CE1C81CBFF81FFA5FF53FAB7AFF4FAC9" bold="true" box="[151,900,1332,1358]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="A79FEAB5FF81FFA5FF53FAB7AFF4FAC9" bold="true" box="[151,900,1332,1358]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName id="52EB4D24FF81FFA5FF53FAB7AE65FAC9" authority="Walsingham" authorityName="Walsingham" box="[151,533,1332,1358]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Stenoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catenifer">
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<emphasis id="A79FEAB5FF81FFA5FF53FAB7AD02FAC9" bold="true" box="[151,370,1332,1358]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Stenoma catenifer</emphasis>
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Walsingham
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="52EB4D24FF81FFA5FDE1FAB7AEB4FAC9" box="[549,708,1332,1358]" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Elachistidae</taxonomicName>
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: Stenomatinae)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DDF1652CFF81FFA5FF53FAF9ADB7F888" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="955436A7FF81FFA5FF53FAF9ADB7F888" blockId="10.[151,1436,1401,1807]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName id="52EB4D24FF81FFA5FF53FAF9AD15FA16" box="[151,357,1401,1425]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Stenoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catenifer">
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<emphasis id="A79FEAB5FF81FFA5FF53FAF9AD15FA16" box="[151,357,1401,1425]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Stenoma catenifer</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is the most important lepidopteran pest of avocado in the Neotropics (
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<bibRefCitation id="F17A4B56FF81FFA5FB6EFAFAA9E1FA16" author="Wysoki" box="[1194,1425,1401,1425]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" refString="Wysoki, M., van den Berg, M. A., Ish-Am, G., Gazit, S., Pena, J. E. & Waite, G. K. (2002) Pests and pollinators of avocado, pp. 223 - 294. In: Pena, J. E., Sharp, L. J. and Mysoki, M. (eds.), Tropical fruit pests and pollinators, biology, economic importance, natural enemies and control. CAB International." type="book chapter" year="2002">
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Wysoki
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<emphasis id="A79FEAB5FF81FFA5FAC8FAF9A939FA16" box="[1292,1353,1401,1425]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
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2002
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Although not yet found in California, this species has been recorded damaging avocados in
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<collectingCountry id="EDFC7637FF81FFA5FB0BFA1FA931FA33" box="[1231,1345,1436,1460]" name="Argentina" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="EDFC7637FF81FFA5FA94FA1FA9E7FA33" box="[1360,1431,1436,1460]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="EDFC7637FF81FFA5FF53FA3CAD78FA50" box="[151,264,1471,1495]" name="Colombia" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="EDFC7637FF81FFA5FED7FA3CADE8FA50" box="[275,408,1471,1495]" name="El Salvador" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">El Salvador</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="EDFC7637FF81FFA5FE60FA3CAE50FA50" box="[420,544,1471,1495]" name="Guatemala" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="EDFC7637FF81FFA5FDEFFA3CAEF5FA50" box="[555,645,1471,1495]" name="Guyana" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="EDFC7637FF81FFA5FD55FA3CAF71FA50" box="[657,769,1471,1495]" name="Honduras" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Honduras</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="EDFC7637FF81FFA5FCC8FA3CAF14FA50" box="[780,868,1471,1495]" name="Mexico" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">México</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="EDFC7637FF81FFA5FCABFA43AFBBFA50" box="[879,971,1472,1495]" name="Panama" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Panama</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="EDFC7637FF81FFA5FC12FA3CA87CFA50" box="[982,1036,1471,1495]" name="Peru" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Perú</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry id="EDFC7637FF81FFA5FB83FA3CA8CDFA50" box="[1095,1213,1471,1495]" name="Venezuela" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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, with crop losses as high as 60–80% (
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<bibRefCitation id="F17A4B56FF81FFA5FE9EFA62AE0CFA7E" author="Hoddle" box="[346,636,1505,1529]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" refString="Hoddle, M. S. & Hoddle, C. D. (2008) Lepidoptera and associated parasitoids attacking Hass and non-Hass avocadoes in Guatemala. Journal of Economic Entomology, 101, 1310 - 1316." type="journal article" year="2008">Hoddle and Hoddle 2008</bibRefCitation>
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). This pest has demonstrated the ability to invade new areas because of the accidental movement of infested avocado fruit. This situation was realized in
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<quantity id="52139B42FF81FFA5FB85F987A8E8F99B" box="[1089,1176,1540,1564]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" unit="in" value="2000.0">2000 in</quantity>
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the Galápagos Islands (
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<bibRefCitation id="F17A4B56FF81FFA5FF5AF9A4AE78F9B8" author="Landry" box="[158,520,1575,1599]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" refString="Landry, B. & Roque-Albelo, L. (2003) Presence of Stenoma catenifer Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae: Stenomatinae), the avocado seed moth, in the Galapagos. Noticias de Galapagos, 62, 15 - 16." type="journal article" year="2003">Landry and Roque-Albelo 2003</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="52EB4D24FF81FFA5FDDEF9A4AE92F9B8" box="[538,738,1575,1599]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Stenoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catenifer">
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<emphasis id="A79FEAB5FF81FFA5FDDEF9A4AE92F9B8" box="[538,738,1575,1599]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Stenoma catenifer</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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larvae cause damage similar to those of
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<taxonomicName id="52EB4D24FF81FFA5FB61F9ABA95CF9B8" ID-CoL="B3PPC" box="[1189,1324,1576,1599]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Cryptaspasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perseana">
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<emphasis id="A79FEAB5FF81FFA5FB61F9ABA95CF9B8" box="[1189,1324,1576,1599]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">C. perseana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; larvae of the latter discovered in
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<collectingCountry id="EDFC7637FF81FFA5FE5BF9CAAD84F9E6" box="[415,500,1609,1633]" name="Mexico" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">México</collectingCountry>
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in 2002 were initially thought to be those of
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<taxonomicName id="52EB4D24FF81FFA5FC34F9C9A81EF9E6" box="[1008,1134,1609,1633]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Stenoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catenifer">
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<emphasis id="A79FEAB5FF81FFA5FC34F9C9A81EF9E6" box="[1008,1134,1609,1633]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">S. catenifer</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Larvae of the two species are separated by the following characters: D2 pinacula on A9 fused dorsally (creating a mid-dorsal saddle) in
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<taxonomicName id="52EB4D24FF81FFA5FA46F9EEAC8EF920" ID-CoL="B3PPC" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Cryptaspasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perseana">
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<emphasis id="A79FEAB5FF81FFA5FA46F9EEAC8EF920" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">C. perseana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, whereas D2 pinaculum and D1 pinaculum are fused subdorsally in
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<taxonomicName id="52EB4D24FF81FFA5FC31F90CA805F920" box="[1013,1141,1679,1703]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Stenoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catenifer">
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<emphasis id="A79FEAB5FF81FFA5FC31F90CA805F920" box="[1013,1141,1679,1703]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">S. catenifer</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(creating a shared subdorsal pinaculum); L pinaculum on A9 trisetose in
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<taxonomicName id="52EB4D24FF81FFA5FD6AF931AF5DF94E" box="[686,813,1713,1737]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Stenoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catenifer">
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<emphasis id="A79FEAB5FF81FFA5FD6AF931AF5DF94E" box="[686,813,1713,1737]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">S. catenifer</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, bisetose in
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<taxonomicName id="52EB4D24FF81FFA5FC7DF931A831F94E" ID-CoL="B3PPC" box="[953,1089,1714,1737]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Cryptaspasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perseana">
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<emphasis id="A79FEAB5FF81FFA5FC7DF931A831F94E" box="[953,1089,1714,1737]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">C. perseana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; and SV pinaculum on A1 and A7 bisetose in
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<taxonomicName id="52EB4D24FF81FFA5FE81F956ADB6F96B" box="[325,454,1748,1772]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Stenoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catenifer">
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<emphasis id="A79FEAB5FF81FFA5FE81F956ADB6F96B" box="[325,454,1748,1772]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">S. catenifer</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, trisetose in
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<taxonomicName id="52EB4D24FF81FFA5FD98F956AE96F96B" ID-CoL="B3PPC" box="[604,742,1749,1772]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Cryptaspasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perseana">
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<emphasis id="A79FEAB5FF81FFA5FD98F956AE96F96B" box="[604,742,1749,1772]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">C. perseana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Cervantes (1999) provides a complete setal map and larval description for
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<taxonomicName id="52EB4D24FF81FFA5FE86F974ADB0F888" box="[322,448,1783,1807]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Stenoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catenifer">
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<emphasis id="A79FEAB5FF81FFA5FE86F974ADB0F888" box="[322,448,1783,1807]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">S. catenifer</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |