629 lines
70 KiB
XML
629 lines
70 KiB
XML
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<mods:namePart id="B3C158C8E728902C778E7EC3DF03524F">Seigler, David S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1F09796F5F7210C173C7C8ECCCBFFDC7">Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="A17E823CFCE6DF5EE3C489AD97987DD4" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D41142831F55F8E7A5084608552DB92D">da Silva, Guilherme Sousa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CBDAAB23963C45EBC63070114AF7D55D" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4250-0017</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="3429978428550B08F53B8D4D2EB4A05C">Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, 13083 - 876, Sao Paulo / SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="D7E6995618C3399E8B3FE624B65DD104" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="7EF3447A079512825EF95C708B18B4A3">Simon, Marcelo F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="4D843055E4697A51917E55BF317312FC" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5732-1716</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="EA63ABF7054C66BC4F2531D6A1B1CE89">Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria (Embrapa) Recursos Geneticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estacao Biologica, Caixa Postal 02372, 70770 - 917, Brasilia / DF, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="86D9AFEC66757775CC4063268D8FA5C6" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="21105B9F4101367FA4C10E9FA147BBF2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="875CF189881083F1805DE91C91B8FEBD">Soares, Marcos Vinicius Batista</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="24491C94B38F2B64B0401E405F72D70E" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2660-1771</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="499B306F293469DF7D7CDD2F55D7E819">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Botanica, Av. Bento Goncalves 9500, Bloco IV - Predio 43433, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501 - 970, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="63A65D74F0940AF111F714451016598E">Terra, Vanessa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0C851DC5EBD6CCC71AC762AB39644ABD" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5669-1304</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="0FE549DBBB0F98752E891CF3A65E9ABD">Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105 - 900, Santa Maria / RS, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="45044796F4322DCDA4A4A641EAB3F70A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="A8BEB761EF477CC3D871A560DF64E251">
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<mods:title id="8E6440D910E781648C22DE5646EFBF2F">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A76381BF02BD17476225AE78718A84B1">
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<mods:date id="B4D483306B2E8B8DD2ED74550BD3D275">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="05E1415B1654E8D5ED960FDFAF43D112">2024-04-03</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="117BBEC9490C2637AC9FCB689A6ADF25" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="53AE827A54B160B25850CEA83D2E6C07">240</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="5D0D162A520F4536F671A7295258259D" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="DE410E8318FBCF52425DF36614299D3F">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="CF4B60A0935ADCAA0818F21EBAAAE34F">552</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="D5216D8B423BA2BA183257FED6091A9C">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="D9E248FDC9F61E2F513FCCE76C38CE50">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="F4C3B93397EDC4440E398F0B2F2FBEA7" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D5836F8C304CE3177415EA0677A3CD10" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-240-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="1895DD72205B4C1DC8749AE83C5CCA7C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1895DD72205B4C1DC8749AE83C5CCA7C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1895DD72205B4C1DC8749AE83C5CCA7C" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection id="94B487B64F289A62D77A85399F756FD4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="47F6ADFF8FF872FFEF095CD0099D5FAA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DB90DEE9F50D58E5E94355A49F6801C8" ID-CoL="9CKXS" authority="Lam. Encycl. Meth., Bot. 1: 733. 1785." authorityName="Lam. Encycl. Meth., Bot. 1: 733. 1785." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Gymnocladus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gymnocladus" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Gymnocladus Lam. Encycl. Meth., Bot. 1: 733. 1785.</taxonomicName>
|
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</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="F49E144D8FE99B986B10FF9F7519DEB4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="8F7BCF314D25DEBD62332513B22B1725" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<figureCitation id="53E4F89839695FBDE41B269237AF80DD" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 13. Gleditsieae, diversity of vegetative morphology and fruits A-C Umtiza listeriana Sim A small tree B branch with pinnately compound leaves and inflorescence C branch with thorn at node D Gymnocladus assamicus Kanjilal ex P. C. Kanjilal branch with bipinnate leaves and inflorescence E Gleditsia japonica Miq., bipinnate leaf with several pinnae replaced by single leaflets, cultivated at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew F Gleditsia amorphoides (Griseb.) Taub., branched thorns G Umtiza listeriana dehisced fruits H Gymnocladus dioicus L., fruit I Gleditsia triacanthos L., fruits. Photo credits A-C, G SAplants, Wikimedia Commons (CC-BY-SA 4.0) D B Choudhury E, F GP Lewis H Chicago Botanic Garden (photographer unknown) I A Schnabel." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014686" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 13</figureCitation>
|
|
<figureCitation id="F82BF5CF0B4724A91425DBF76353103B" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 14. Gleditsieae, floral diversity A, B Umtiza listeriana Sim A branch with inflorescence of hermaphrodite flowers B close-up of flowers C, D Gymnocladus assamicus Kanjilal ex P. C. Kanjilal C inflorescence of hermaphrodite flowers D dissected hermaphrodite flower E Gymnocladus chinensis Baill., inflorescence, cultivated at the US National Arboretum F Gymnocladus dioicus L., cultivated at Chicago Botanic Garden, upright inflorescence of hermaphrodite flowers G branch with leaves and inflorescence H Gleditsia triacanthos L., inflorescence of staminate flowers I Gleditsia caspica Desf., inflorescence, cultivated at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Photo credits A, B SAplants, Wikimedia Commons (CC-BY-SA 4.0) C, D Murata E PS Herendeen F, G R Carlson H Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (photographer unknown) I M Svanderlik." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014687" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 14</figureCitation>
|
|
<figureCitation id="9F3F50D84E958A6F3C863F97E5251701" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 16. Distribution of Gymnocladus based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014689" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 16</figureCitation>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="330D27DD1BCAD63EA54CC5BD7AEB2428" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="lectotype">
|
|
<paragraph id="3D27BCA257101127BF242B2F82ECC257" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lectotype.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="2F3C9EA099627CE84B56D96F58EA6707" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3F2DEE5FC706FCF49485E0E892710EB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Gymnocladus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gymnocladus canadensis" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canadensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="C6A4B582D76EF525046CE410E6DAA56A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gymnocladus canadensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Lam., nom. illeg. [=
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CBC2A0F1AA3BEA7DCF8AD8CB8D926C43" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Gymnocladus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gymnocladus dioicus" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dioicus">
|
|
<emphasis id="1DE71D3CA09315719FC73D4ABC85BDB2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gymnocladus dioicus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(L.) Koch (≡
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A02338FFF18BA1B3B79F59CA27BC94E5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Guilandina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Guilandina dioica" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dioica">
|
|
<emphasis id="C43B358857A2DE737DAC4AB0AADD4199" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Guilandina dioica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
L.; vide
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="AF18B75CDFDE142A0347D5E150BD8E45" author="Britton, NL" journalOrPublisher="North American Flora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="201 - 349" refId="B116" refString="Britton, NL, Rose, JN, 1930. Caesalpiniaceae. North American Flora 23 (4): 201 - 349" title="Caesalpiniaceae." volume="23" year="1930">Britton and Rose 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)]
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="125680A55C3C4F118F2813BEF01A2307" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="184FEAE35439B10B5B3362A57BD1E5AF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="A201DF36A9F31E9BE89EC5999B5C14C1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Large to medium size deciduous trees, unarmed, stems often stout, androdioecious (individuals with either staminate flowers or hermaphrodite flowers) or dioecious.
|
|
<emphasis id="966CB106D36C6D23D0A738B3C201C713" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stipules</emphasis>
|
|
small, inconspicuous.
|
|
<emphasis id="56A04432E020F05945E20C795420FB71" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaves</emphasis>
|
|
even- or irregularly-bipinnate, pinnae 3-10 pairs, proximal-most sometimes reduced to single leaflets, opposite, subopposite or alternate; leaflets alternate, 6-30 per pinna, lamina margin entire (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="7AF177BE37B36EFB73A3DCA5DCCBCF07" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 13. Gleditsieae, diversity of vegetative morphology and fruits A-C Umtiza listeriana Sim A small tree B branch with pinnately compound leaves and inflorescence C branch with thorn at node D Gymnocladus assamicus Kanjilal ex P. C. Kanjilal branch with bipinnate leaves and inflorescence E Gleditsia japonica Miq., bipinnate leaf with several pinnae replaced by single leaflets, cultivated at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew F Gleditsia amorphoides (Griseb.) Taub., branched thorns G Umtiza listeriana dehisced fruits H Gymnocladus dioicus L., fruit I Gleditsia triacanthos L., fruits. Photo credits A-C, G SAplants, Wikimedia Commons (CC-BY-SA 4.0) D B Choudhury E, F GP Lewis H Chicago Botanic Garden (photographer unknown) I A Schnabel." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014686" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13D</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="450C6875DE6EC5EBF7CC49E0F20B22EF" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 14. Gleditsieae, floral diversity A, B Umtiza listeriana Sim A branch with inflorescence of hermaphrodite flowers B close-up of flowers C, D Gymnocladus assamicus Kanjilal ex P. C. Kanjilal C inflorescence of hermaphrodite flowers D dissected hermaphrodite flower E Gymnocladus chinensis Baill., inflorescence, cultivated at the US National Arboretum F Gymnocladus dioicus L., cultivated at Chicago Botanic Garden, upright inflorescence of hermaphrodite flowers G branch with leaves and inflorescence H Gleditsia triacanthos L., inflorescence of staminate flowers I Gleditsia caspica Desf., inflorescence, cultivated at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Photo credits A, B SAplants, Wikimedia Commons (CC-BY-SA 4.0) C, D Murata E PS Herendeen F, G R Carlson H Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (photographer unknown) I M Svanderlik." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014687" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14F, G</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<emphasis id="3DBF69112987752A32854C34175FF169" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Inflorescences</emphasis>
|
|
terminal, racemes or panicles, 15-50 flowers (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="A8B5DFCD527A8E624EAE2A2C875C5392" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 14. Gleditsieae, floral diversity A, B Umtiza listeriana Sim A branch with inflorescence of hermaphrodite flowers B close-up of flowers C, D Gymnocladus assamicus Kanjilal ex P. C. Kanjilal C inflorescence of hermaphrodite flowers D dissected hermaphrodite flower E Gymnocladus chinensis Baill., inflorescence, cultivated at the US National Arboretum F Gymnocladus dioicus L., cultivated at Chicago Botanic Garden, upright inflorescence of hermaphrodite flowers G branch with leaves and inflorescence H Gleditsia triacanthos L., inflorescence of staminate flowers I Gleditsia caspica Desf., inflorescence, cultivated at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Photo credits A, B SAplants, Wikimedia Commons (CC-BY-SA 4.0) C, D Murata E PS Herendeen F, G R Carlson H Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (photographer unknown) I M Svanderlik." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014687" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14E, F</figureCitation>
|
|
); bracts and bracteoles usually absent, sometimes present, minute.
|
|
<emphasis id="D37C938E45D300F7B50DDEF54E80C0B4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowers</emphasis>
|
|
white, greenish white, or purple, pedicellate, regular, hypanthium elongate; calyx lobes 5, narrow; corolla lobes 5, wider than sepal lobes; stamens 10, inserted on hypanthium; pollen exine perforate to reticulate; ovary sessile or short-stipitate, style short, thick (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="C89554FA5F3D0BC2138EFFF88A976076" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 14. Gleditsieae, floral diversity A, B Umtiza listeriana Sim A branch with inflorescence of hermaphrodite flowers B close-up of flowers C, D Gymnocladus assamicus Kanjilal ex P. C. Kanjilal C inflorescence of hermaphrodite flowers D dissected hermaphrodite flower E Gymnocladus chinensis Baill., inflorescence, cultivated at the US National Arboretum F Gymnocladus dioicus L., cultivated at Chicago Botanic Garden, upright inflorescence of hermaphrodite flowers G branch with leaves and inflorescence H Gleditsia triacanthos L., inflorescence of staminate flowers I Gleditsia caspica Desf., inflorescence, cultivated at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Photo credits A, B SAplants, Wikimedia Commons (CC-BY-SA 4.0) C, D Murata E PS Herendeen F, G R Carlson H Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (photographer unknown) I M Svanderlik." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014687" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14C, D</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<emphasis id="9A605A2181C0B101411200ADF3436188" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fruit</emphasis>
|
|
sessile, compressed, turgid, oblong, indehiscent or tardily dehiscent on placental suture, woody, pulpy between seeds, 1-8-seeded (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="4D22159D2076650C0D9E09AD098D2692" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 13. Gleditsieae, diversity of vegetative morphology and fruits A-C Umtiza listeriana Sim A small tree B branch with pinnately compound leaves and inflorescence C branch with thorn at node D Gymnocladus assamicus Kanjilal ex P. C. Kanjilal branch with bipinnate leaves and inflorescence E Gleditsia japonica Miq., bipinnate leaf with several pinnae replaced by single leaflets, cultivated at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew F Gleditsia amorphoides (Griseb.) Taub., branched thorns G Umtiza listeriana dehisced fruits H Gymnocladus dioicus L., fruit I Gleditsia triacanthos L., fruits. Photo credits A-C, G SAplants, Wikimedia Commons (CC-BY-SA 4.0) D B Choudhury E, F GP Lewis H Chicago Botanic Garden (photographer unknown) I A Schnabel." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014686" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13H</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<emphasis id="6282CC4E5918D4EA7DF5764E6D96C384" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Seeds</emphasis>
|
|
subglobose to somewhat flattened, testa smooth to rough.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="2C2DAF06373F8DCE08E07231E2B2B58E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="chromosome number">
|
|
<paragraph id="568EC7D99434830B2BBB1EA17BA5F85D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chromosome number.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8FB79CE7CCA2EC2F12FF1DB741C39B60" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
2
|
|
<emphasis id="C9F904C4B28BB92022E65F836B0FC23A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">n</emphasis>
|
|
= 28 (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5CBD4AE9B753E68CE36093BFDCCA8BA4" author="Goldblatt, P" editor="Polhill, RM" journalOrPublisher="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="427 - 463" refId="B310" refString="Goldblatt, P, 1981b. Cytology and the phylogeny of Leguminosae. In: Polhill, RM, Raven, PH, Eds., Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 2. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom: 427 - 463" title="Cytology and the phylogeny of Leguminosae." volumeTitle="Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 2." year="1981 b">Goldblatt 1981b</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="31A16CBD46C8510631F9B0D448EAB255" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="3EF1EA2EB16D418DA361972AAE70DBC7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Included species and geographic distribution.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="CBE75EE9D17BD272ADB8F60665A470E1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Six species in eastern and central North America, China, Vietnam, India, Burma, Thailand (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="5E6FDBA5CB5377C28BD33D7F2AA18CE7" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 16. Distribution of Gymnocladus based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014689" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">16</figureCitation>
|
|
). The limits of the natural distribution of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2461B05A889B73C70CA296502A8ADC81" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="G. dioicus" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="dioicus">
|
|
<emphasis id="BD38C113E7606AB4C917974AC9B5072F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. dioicus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are unclear due to its widespread cultivation in eastern North America.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FA1B9AD737C52E4D47F7251DC7A39645" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Gymnocladus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gymnocladus assamicus" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="assamicus">
|
|
<emphasis id="F75D5AC40B2031976EFEC3489BC89ACB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gymnocladus assamicus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Kanjilal ex P.C. Kanjilal from the eastern Himalayan region of India is critically endangered.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="5D1FC0B961CC465068F87A75BD002FDF" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014689" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 16" startId="F23">
|
|
<paragraph id="41B5E641929C0199A9FF9C5959DBBEFF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="B590350A2C852E185098B3E6854645DF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 16.</emphasis>
|
|
Distribution of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="35A53861531B5AC6B59B0E4E5E764669" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Gymnocladus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gymnocladus" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="ED0342B54E9A342CD35291592CC1181B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gymnocladus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="A006DCD8CE38306DFEA48A5D08FDCE90" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
|
|
<paragraph id="410454EFBA98EFCE975ECC2E18C66442" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="D57FF946E4CDCBFA5C51C040FBCD283D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Temperate bottomlands and riparian woodlands, tropical and subtropical montane woodlands and wooded hillsides (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="470CF700305629046387C77577C2177C" author="Chen, D" journalOrPublisher="10. Science Press, Beijing and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St-Louis, USA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B180" refString="Chen, D, Zhang, D, Larsen, K, 2010c. 14. Gymnocladus. In: Wu CY, Raven P (Eds) Flora of China, vol. 10. Science Press, Beijing and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St-Louis, USA, 36." title="14. Gymnocladus. In: Wu CY, Raven P (Eds) Flora of China, vol. 10. Science Press, Beijing and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St-Louis, USA, 36." year="2010 c">Chen et al. 2010c</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="CF336575745C21635884747EC65C9CD9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
|
|
<paragraph id="40D3CF9A66A62D50E57DC4E4C84D9100" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="9AAD683F16031E927E62F491A898751E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
The genus name derives from the Greek (= naked branch) because
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C16A1E0ADE1C974B30F80E245ABDCE2D" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="G. dioicus" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="dioicus">
|
|
<emphasis id="D24279FFB064B160058768D3F626420D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. dioicus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is one of the latest trees to leaf out in the spring.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C32D12D7E85A5371972FA9AAAFFFF0B3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="human uses">
|
|
<paragraph id="77B5B9A0FAFB5666371793548EAA7889" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Human uses.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8C1AFB3B71B59D30831EF5C608E2DD17" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Multiple species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F097FCDAA2BCBA5E38968D5B7AA49A9C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Gymnocladus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gymnocladus" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="2E0D87CFD5557F22063AD562821B0589" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gymnocladus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are used by people in different parts of the world (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5340B31CF79D28969812B10385DF0CD3" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.28162" author="Lee, YT" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Arnold Arboretum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="91 - 112" refId="B460" refString="Lee, YT, 1976. The genus Gymnocladus and its tropical affinity. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 57: 91 - 112, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.28162" title="The genus Gymnocladus and its tropical affinity." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.28162" volume="57" year="1976">Lee 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="D7F9EBD121D05BA8CC7D2D2F4C84F2D0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02858721" author="Allen, ON" journalOrPublisher="The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, USA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B9" refString="Allen, ON, Allen, EK, 1981. The Leguminosae: a source book of characteristics, uses and nodulation. The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, USA, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02858721" title="The Leguminosae: a source book of characteristics, uses and nodulation." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02858721" year="1981">Allen and Allen 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="83B2BECEF9367DB98F72D4BFA4BAA675" author="Poindexter, DB" editor="Flora, of North America Editorial Committee" journalOrPublisher="11, part 1. Oxford University Press, New York, USA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="46 - 47" refId="B665" refString="Poindexter, DB, Adams, D, Weakley, AS, 2022a. Gymnoclados. In: Flora, of North America Editorial Committee, Ed., Flora of North America North of Mexico, vol. 11, part 1. Oxford University Press, New York, USA: 46 - 47" title="Gymnoclados." volumeTitle="Flora of North America North of Mexico, vol." year="2022 a">Poindexter et al. 2022a</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1E65938B0A57ADCEDC1242C61875FE11" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Gymnocladus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gymnocladus dioicus" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dioicus">
|
|
<emphasis id="472A609561499D062F0B21628C3717D0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gymnocladus dioicus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is widely planted as an ornamental and street tree. The wood of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C789ED49B13DB1C59723862BFEC5A70C" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="G. dioicus" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="dioicus">
|
|
<emphasis id="5CEAC7D2F20E0772CF4D3AC1D3EAD230" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. dioicus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C6FC04BD7F66B5901861EA49C4E11C0A" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="G. chinensis" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="chinensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="8E3A6B91BD14824469A5DAB54301C429" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. chinensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is used for fence posts, construction, railway ties and carpentry. Roasted seeds of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="394BD29824998CE4F08B5AF9AB679AED" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="G. dioicus" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="dioicus">
|
|
<emphasis id="F1A3D9F30387304E4C2443C532233823" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. dioicus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
were formerly used as a coffee substitute, hence the common name Kentucky Coffee Tree used in North America. Some species are used for medicine, insecticides, oils, and soap.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="3B5FEA45204C667DEFEEC6B2C8400BF5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
|
|
<paragraph id="2224BD79034CD5803987B294631DC7C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="A53A7D9F0E0C18F3BCA11358FAB0D6EB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
The taxonomy of the species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9202056165B9300B2E7FEEF9B9E8063F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Gymnocladus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gymnocladus" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="8068FE95EE6F7CFC4989CE63E87A3FAA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gymnocladus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is well established, but the monophyly of the genus has not been adequately tested. Only
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5D417A19A355E0F78A813AB4AB620BAB" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="G. dioicus" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="dioicus">
|
|
<emphasis id="C12F8C80D45A38228486E25886D34E8C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. dioicus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and/or
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F0217E9F7E696BBDD775B5883FAC31FC" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="G. chinensis" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="chinensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="C1676638C7D6C0743C66AD4E706BECF8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. chinensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
have been included in phylogenetic analyses (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="4A14B73F954A60CC3A1671558617F68E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1086/376881" author="Herendeen, PS" journalOrPublisher="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B357" refString="Herendeen, PS, Lewis, GP, Bruneau, A, 2003b. Floral morphology in caesalpinioid legumes: testing the monophyly of the "Umtiza clade". International Journal of Plant Sciences 164(Supplement): S393-S407. https://doi.org/10.1086/376881" title="Floral morphology in caesalpinioid legumes: testing the monophyly of the " Umtiza clade ". International Journal of Plant Sciences 164 (Supplement): S 393 - S 407." url="https://doi.org/10.1086/376881" year="2003 b">Herendeen et al. 2003b</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="1C57EF4917BE3A54B07130C7EE31CFBD" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.90.2.310" author="Schnabel, A" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="310 - 320" refId="B751" refString="Schnabel, A, McDonel, PE, Wendel, JF, 2003. Phylogenetic relationships in Gleditsia (Leguminosae) based on ITS sequences. American Journal of Botany 90: 310 - 320, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.90.2.310" title="Phylogenetic relationships in Gleditsia (Leguminosae) based on ITS sequences." url="https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.90.2.310" volume="90" year="2003">Schnabel et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="B673E34A1D0C13A9FA1D4E6B8C9E1D40" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1079/9781786391988.0037" author="Choudhury, BA" editor="Choudhury, BA" journalOrPublisher="CABI, Wallingford" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="37 - 56" refId="B186" refString="Choudhury, BA, Khan, ML, 2020. Phylogeny and phylogeography of the genus Gymnocladus and its close relatives. In: Choudhury, BA, Khan, ML, Eds., Himalayan soap pod tree (Gymnocladus assamicus): an ecologically and economically important tree on the brink of extinction. CABI, Wallingford: 37 - 56, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/9781786391988.0037" title="Phylogeny and phylogeography of the genus Gymnocladus and its close relatives." url="https://doi.org/10.1079/9781786391988.0037" volumeTitle="Himalayan soap pod tree (Gymnocladus assamicus): an ecologically and economically important tree on the brink of extinction." year="2020">Choudhury and Khan 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="F198E61D4E864CC376E9976580176458" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2021.1931510" author="Feng, X" journalOrPublisher="Mitochondrial DNA Part B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1770 - 1771" refId="B271" refString="Feng, X, Yang, Z, Wang, X-r, Zhu, Y-y, 2021. Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Gymnocladus chinensis Baill. Mitochondrial DNA Part B 6 (6): 1770 - 1771, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2021.1931510" title="Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Gymnocladus chinensis Baill." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2021.1931510" volume="6" year="2021">Feng et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="76738FD0CC5DDCE5F0A5C4E77B32F0EF" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.85866" author="Ringelberg, JJ" editor="Hughes, CE" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="3 - 58" refId="B712" refString="Ringelberg, JJ, Koenen, EJM, Iganci, JR, Queiroz, LP, Murphy, DJ, Gaudeul, M, Bruneau, A, Luckow, M, Lewis, GP, Hughes, CE, 2022. Phylogenomic analysis of 997 nuclear genes reveals the need for extensive generic re-delimitation in Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae). In: Hughes, CE, Queiroz, LP, Lewis, GP, Eds., Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae Part 1: New generic delimitations. PhytoKeys 205: 3 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.85866" title="Phylogenomic analysis of 997 nuclear genes reveals the need for extensive generic re-delimitation in Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.85866" volume="205" volumeTitle="Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae Part 1: New generic delimitations." year="2022">Ringelberg et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Given the morphological variation among the species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1CE3FE84F99623A6CADA2361CC020510" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Gymnocladus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gymnocladus" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="745291DDA2D94DB1497AF42400019F2F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gymnocladus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and similarities to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FC0B11E8D02927A8C9987060FD8431C3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Gleditsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gleditsia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="9FFDECCF33CB0606C02BCCE705AB34D2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gleditsia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
it would be worthwhile to test the monophyly of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="028959A4C29EF4B87291DA9AF0E6D0D2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Gymnocladus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gymnocladus" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="D69445FC15AEEB9F4085120CC9AE563E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gymnocladus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in an analysis that includes more species and samples.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="0F9CFC54B0D51CF982EC2A741DF0B954" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.28162" author="Lee, YT" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Arnold Arboretum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="91 - 112" refId="B460" refString="Lee, YT, 1976. The genus Gymnocladus and its tropical affinity. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 57: 91 - 112, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.28162" title="The genus Gymnocladus and its tropical affinity." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.28162" volume="57" year="1976">Lee (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
recognised four species in the genus (two additional species were described subsequently), which he hypothesised to be of tropical origin.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="35F0EB68F970648B9BF76DABA60CDBA7" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0087287" author="Choudhury, BA" journalOrPublisher="CABI, Wallingford" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B187" refString="Choudhury, BA, Khan, ML, Dayanandan, S, 2014. Functional androdioecy in critically endangered Gymnocladus assamicus (Leguminosae) in the eastern Himalayan region of northeast India. PLOS ONE 9(2): e87287. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0087287" title="Functional androdioecy in critically endangered Gymnocladus assamicus (Leguminosae) in the eastern Himalayan region of northeast India. PLOS ONE 9 (2): e 87287." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0087287" year="2014">Choudhury et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
documented functional androdioecy in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5BD0F745EFA28FCCEF73163F27840D82" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="G. assamicus" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="assamicus">
|
|
<emphasis id="BD7E2B25BE6C0372E55B32B1A58F3D48" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. assamicus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The chloroplast genome of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1F3F6AC56690788D0FA359F5FF62E62B" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="G. chinensis" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="chinensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B1F8D3727E8C0A4E60747D45A6766113" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. chinensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
was characterised by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="BDF1CEDA54525BBD19F65EDC826C6772" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2021.1931510" author="Feng, X" journalOrPublisher="Mitochondrial DNA Part B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1770 - 1771" refId="B271" refString="Feng, X, Yang, Z, Wang, X-r, Zhu, Y-y, 2021. Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Gymnocladus chinensis Baill. Mitochondrial DNA Part B 6 (6): 1770 - 1771, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2021.1931510" title="Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Gymnocladus chinensis Baill." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2021.1931510" volume="6" year="2021">Feng et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="5905ED59AF343DF224DF30312AE9AC16" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="taxonomic references">
|
|
<paragraph id="B05B4B38F7A937EA990C566FC12E0663" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Taxonomic references.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="4FC2307553EC30924D669944904AF4FA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="D470A9BB184D023466F2BA6ABB18E6D3" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02858721" author="Allen, ON" journalOrPublisher="The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, USA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B9" refString="Allen, ON, Allen, EK, 1981. The Leguminosae: a source book of characteristics, uses and nodulation. The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, USA, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02858721" title="The Leguminosae: a source book of characteristics, uses and nodulation." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02858721" year="1981">Allen and Allen (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="400821700FBDDB65CDCF32D400B17EBD" author="Poindexter, DB" editor="Flora, of North America Editorial Committee" journalOrPublisher="11, part 1. Oxford University Press, New York, USA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="46 - 47" refId="B665" refString="Poindexter, DB, Adams, D, Weakley, AS, 2022a. Gymnoclados. In: Flora, of North America Editorial Committee, Ed., Flora of North America North of Mexico, vol. 11, part 1. Oxford University Press, New York, USA: 46 - 47" title="Gymnoclados." volumeTitle="Flora of North America North of Mexico, vol." year="2022 a">Poindexter et al. (2022a)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="59321A22C8CC5F112AA5561B3283F398" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.90.2.310" author="Schnabel, A" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="310 - 320" refId="B751" refString="Schnabel, A, McDonel, PE, Wendel, JF, 2003. Phylogenetic relationships in Gleditsia (Leguminosae) based on ITS sequences. American Journal of Botany 90: 310 - 320, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.90.2.310" title="Phylogenetic relationships in Gleditsia (Leguminosae) based on ITS sequences." url="https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.90.2.310" volume="90" year="2003">Schnabel et al. (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |