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<mods:title id="AC030609EF0FB3F324DBFA398366335A">Scarabaeinae dung beetles from Ecuador: a catalog, nomenclatural acts, and distribution records</mods:title>
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<treatment id="1854A983E1141C1047B9B1F682AF1347" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154127630" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1854A983E1141C1047B9B1F682AF1347" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1854A983E1141C1047B9B1F682AF1347" lastPageId="206" lastPageNumber="207" pageId="205" pageNumber="206">
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<paragraph id="8F75538C2F465240C7DB54ED3CC91A48" pageId="205" pageNumber="206">
<taxonomicName id="44DBCB71BC85B321A13E2D5E67799548" ID-CoL="4FSJ9" authority="Boheman, 1858" authorityName="Boheman" authorityYear="1858" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanaeus (Notiophanaeus) achilles" order="Coleoptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achilles" subGenus="Notiophanaeus">Phanaeus (Notiophanaeus) achilles Boheman, 1858</taxonomicName>
Plate 45D
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="552242EB0CB50657F563356584CE1589" pageId="205" pageNumber="206" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="1AFEAC504E9633F43C4718AA4287B8DD" pageId="205" pageNumber="206">
<taxonomicName id="BC10472E46FADEC74597EB8FAE043FE0" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanaeus achilles" order="Coleoptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achilles">Phanaeus achilles</taxonomicName>
Boheman, 1858: 42 (original description. Type locality: Insula Puna [= Isla Puna]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="31A7B622C2F15AA7168CCC5AEAF1B914" pageId="205" pageNumber="206">
<taxonomicName id="34C804A9BDB4D1022C3FD0E645EFDE1B" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanaeus achilles" order="Coleoptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achilles">Phanaeus achilles</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="BA358F8889BDF0CB7D568BC6035737D1" pageId="205" pageNumber="206">Gemminger and Harold 1869</bibRefCitation>
: 1016 (catalog, distribution, written as
<taxonomicName id="13627C0C826DB4FFB498E2E54DE1EC72" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanaeus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phanaeus</taxonomicName>
Achiles Bohem);
<bibRefCitation id="3A26D165FABDD87698F634B997C04BDC" author="Nevinson, BG" journalOrPublisher="Published privately, London" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" title="Revised synonymic list of species in the genera Phanaeus Macleay and Oxysternon Castelnau." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.9416" year="1892">Nevinson 1892</bibRefCitation>
: 1 (catalog, distribution, written as
<taxonomicName id="8B5E2B72107F571E86B19227783750C3" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanaeus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phanaeus</taxonomicName>
Achiles Boheman);
<bibRefCitation id="CF626BFEE8B920C444EB80AC3E7E5F41" author="Gillet, JJE" journalOrPublisher="IW Junk, Berlin, Germany" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" title="Coleopterorum Catalogus. Pars 38: Scarabaeidae: Coprinae." year="1911 a">Gillet 1911a</bibRefCitation>
: 81 (catalog, distribution, written as
<taxonomicName id="EE031DE3EF28F3A360866858FC914CFE" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanaeus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phanaeus</taxonomicName>
Achiles Boh);
<normalizedToken id="1B98D1F5F3ED838815BC165375FFFD28" originalValue="d">d'</normalizedToken>
<bibRefCitation id="91D44DC461D3481B241DA482FF7F415E" author="Olsoufieff, Gd'" journalOrPublisher="Revue Illustree d'Entomologie" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" pagination="4 - 172" title="Les Phanaeides, Famille Scarabaeidae. Tr. CopriniInsecta." volume="13" year="1924">Olsoufieff 1924</bibRefCitation>
: 40 (characters in key); 97 (diagnosis), 151 (distribution);
<bibRefCitation id="C41D0A96173203AA51F3A906818CBD5E" author="Blackwelder, RE" journalOrPublisher="National Museum Bulletin" pageId="262" pageNumber="263" pagination="189 - 341" title="Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, West Indies and South America. Part 2." volume="185" year="1944">Blackwelder 1944</bibRefCitation>
: 209 (list of species from Latin America);
<bibRefCitation id="61FD50ADF5D4AD4E727D507C617A8D53" author="Vulcano, MA" journalOrPublisher="Atas do Simposio sobre a Biota Amazonica" pageId="279" pageNumber="280" pagination="533 - 603" title="Sinopse dos Passalidae e Scarabaeidae s. str. da regiao amazonica (Insecta, Coleoptera)." volume="5" year="1967">Vulcano and Pereira 1967</bibRefCitation>
: 574 (characters in key);
<bibRefCitation id="EB778F2B703A31B096E9550E7A9DAAA7" author="Ratcliffe, BC" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" pagination="186 - 207" title="Beetles (Coleoptera) of Peru: A Survey of the Families." url="https://doi.org/10.2317/kent-88-02-186-207.1" volume="88" year="2015">Ratcliffe et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
: 197 (cited for Peru).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="28AB5DED4DC4D4C43E9C1E14E4C88BA9" pageId="205" pageNumber="206">
<taxonomicName id="FAF6A0F63928A257FBD90B1EC4ED5B5C" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanaeus (Notiophanaeus) achilles" order="Coleoptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achilles" subGenus="Notiophanaeus">Phanaeus (Notiophanaeus) achilles</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="6D5869C979BC299BB98961F327A14DC7" author="Edmonds, WD" journalOrPublisher="Contributions in Science" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" pagination="1 - 105" title="Revision of Phanaeus Macleay, a new world genus of Scarabaeinae dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)." volume="443" year="1994">Edmonds 1994</bibRefCitation>
: 28 (characters in key), 30 (redescription), 99 (distribution);
<bibRefCitation id="923272BE06805BE774B5A5F0ABDE41FC" author="Edmonds, WD" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Mundi" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" pagination="1 - 108" title="Taxonomy of Phanaeus revisited: Revised keys to and comments on species of the New World dung beetle genus Phanaeus Macleay, 1819 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini)." volume="0274" year="2012">
Edmonds and
<normalizedToken id="C61591DE68B65D7CDD8D50CD2CD7A770" originalValue="Zídek">Zidek</normalizedToken>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
: 10 (characters in key);
<bibRefCitation id="F98624C2E4BEBB60EB8DB9EAF096605E" author="Figueroa, L" journalOrPublisher="Revista Peruana de Biologia" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" pagination="125 - 138" title="La tribu Phanaeini (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) en el Peru." url="https://doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v21i2.9815" volume="21" year="2014">Figueroa et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
: 136 (distributional records from Peru);
<bibRefCitation id="4ECB9436CF35071812EDA9104DD35D86" author="Chamorro, W" journalOrPublisher="Revista Colombiana de Entomologi ́ a" pageId="264" pageNumber="265" pagination="72 - 100" title="Listado de especies y clave de ge ́ neros y subge ́ neros de escarabajos estercoleros (Coleoptera: Scarabaei- dae: Scarabaeinae) presentes y presuntos para Ecuador." url="https://doi.org/10.25100/socolen.v44i1.6545" volume="44" year="2018">Chamorro et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
: 97 (cited for Ecuador).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="67A0112A0CD213ACC9C8DD1FACDC043A" pageId="205" pageNumber="206">
<taxonomicName id="E9E22ADAAF5D89247D48B7F95B989110" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanaeus (Notiophanaeus) achilles" order="Coleoptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="achilles" subGenus="Notiophanaeus" subSpecies="achiles">Phanaeus (Notiophanaeus) achilles achiles</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="72329CE142F651A64C89C54C2169327E" author="Arnaud, P" journalOrPublisher="Hillside Books, Canterbury, England" pageId="261" pageNumber="262" title="Les Coleopteres du Monde, Vol. 28. Phanaeini. Dendropaemon, Tetramereia, Homalotarsus, Megatharsis, Diabroctis, Coprophanaeus, Oxysternon, Phanaeus, Sulcophanaeus." year="2002 a">Arnaud 2002a</bibRefCitation>
: 88 (diagnosis);
<bibRefCitation id="652763086131C3AF3B63FDDD4EED5878" author="Streit, BD" journalOrPublisher="Scarabs Occasional" pageId="278" pageNumber="279" pagination="5 - 9" title="Notes on Four Species of Phanaeus." volume="31" year="2008">Streit 2008</bibRefCitation>
: 8 (distribution, photography);
<bibRefCitation id="B78DC2D1D17AD398A7CA95703C080A6A" author="Carvajal, V" journalOrPublisher="Quito, Ecuado" pageId="264" pageNumber="265" title="Escarabajos del Ecuador. Principales generos. Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas. Escuela Politecnica Nacional. Serie Entomologia, Nro. 1." year="2011">Carvajal et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
: 320-321 (cited for Ecuador);
<bibRefCitation id="85BB6A849D2C46A0EAA39C6470282F67" pageId="205" pageNumber="206">Krajcik 2012</bibRefCitation>
: 204 (complete list of species).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="70D3044D42DBF1F70275E760F82CB8E2" pageId="205" pageNumber="206">
<taxonomicName id="BF253140CBC760A4B2D3096E2187DF4A" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanaeus Achilles" order="Coleoptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="Achilles" subSpecies="lydiae">Phanaeus Achilles lydiae</taxonomicName>
Arnaud, 2000: 8 (original description);
<bibRefCitation id="D46E4AB6AE9577D436414B86649C84B5" author="Arnaud, P" journalOrPublisher="Hillside Books, Canterbury, England" pageId="261" pageNumber="262" title="Les Coleopteres du Monde, Vol. 28. Phanaeini. Dendropaemon, Tetramereia, Homalotarsus, Megatharsis, Diabroctis, Coprophanaeus, Oxysternon, Phanaeus, Sulcophanaeus." year="2002 a">Arnaud 2002a</bibRefCitation>
: 88 (diagnosis, distribution);
<bibRefCitation id="23FE7B5469363F637486C481E300F771" author="Streit, BD" journalOrPublisher="Scarabs Occasional" pageId="278" pageNumber="279" pagination="5 - 9" title="Notes on Four Species of Phanaeus." volume="31" year="2008">Streit 2008</bibRefCitation>
: 9 (distribution, photography);
<bibRefCitation id="236DD06754EFDCA841FF879A95C6C5E5" author="Carvajal, V" journalOrPublisher="Quito, Ecuado" pageId="264" pageNumber="265" title="Escarabajos del Ecuador. Principales generos. Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas. Escuela Politecnica Nacional. Serie Entomologia, Nro. 1." year="2011">Carvajal et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
: 320-321 (cited for Ecuador);
<bibRefCitation id="2D3207C76DE9520F5C9891E517292657" pageId="205" pageNumber="206">Krajcik 2012</bibRefCitation>
: 204 (complete list of species).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C7B9DE9CD7AA6C71705D5A1255F5BA6D" pageId="205" pageNumber="206">
<taxonomicName id="19B4037A11C93D4F955C1024A26356A9" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanaeus foveolatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foveolatus">Phanaeus foveolatus</taxonomicName>
Harold, 1880b: 152 (original description);
<bibRefCitation id="57613DC9418F72468260C5CB01390667" author="Nevinson, BG" journalOrPublisher="Published privately, London" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" title="Revised synonymic list of species in the genera Phanaeus Macleay and Oxysternon Castelnau." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.9416" year="1892">Nevinson 1892</bibRefCitation>
: 4 (catalog, distribution);
<bibRefCitation id="E54767521270DACC5C359478252855C8" author="Gillet, JJE" journalOrPublisher="IW Junk, Berlin, Germany" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" title="Coleopterorum Catalogus. Pars 38: Scarabaeidae: Coprinae." year="1911 a">Gillet 1911a</bibRefCitation>
: 81 (cited as synonym of
<taxonomicName id="027F75DA4CE940967A9800C8B88375F1" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanaeus achilles" order="Coleoptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achilles">Phanaeus achilles</taxonomicName>
Boheman, 1858);
<bibRefCitation id="B2AF0022277572E279CAA45556BB04D1" author="Blackwelder, RE" journalOrPublisher="National Museum Bulletin" pageId="262" pageNumber="263" pagination="189 - 341" title="Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, West Indies and South America. Part 2." volume="185" year="1944">Blackwelder 1944</bibRefCitation>
: 209 (synonym of
<taxonomicName id="DE8DBE61EFF59A2A0AFC71770B3C4835" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanaeus achilles" order="Coleoptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achilles">Phanaeus achilles</taxonomicName>
Boheman, 1858);
<bibRefCitation id="9AD2C29F4FE8780240A7712F80B8D8DA" author="Edmonds, WD" journalOrPublisher="Contributions in Science" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" pagination="1 - 105" title="Revision of Phanaeus Macleay, a new world genus of Scarabaeinae dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)." volume="443" year="1994">Edmonds 1994</bibRefCitation>
: 30 (cited as synonym of
<taxonomicName id="B68EB864FCB43B3ACE40A5CD1C3EAEE6" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanaeus achilles" order="Coleoptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achilles">Phanaeus achilles</taxonomicName>
Boheman, 1858);
<bibRefCitation id="16C9043434DE4D46407838565A266D47" author="Arnaud, P" journalOrPublisher="Hillside Books, Canterbury, England" pageId="261" pageNumber="262" title="Les Coleopteres du Monde, Vol. 28. Phanaeini. Dendropaemon, Tetramereia, Homalotarsus, Megatharsis, Diabroctis, Coprophanaeus, Oxysternon, Phanaeus, Sulcophanaeus." year="2002 a">Arnaud 2002a</bibRefCitation>
: 88 (cited as synonym of
<taxonomicName id="232A39CBC45DDE7C59173EA4CDCF66AC" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanaeus achilles" order="Coleoptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achilles">Phanaeus achilles</taxonomicName>
Boheman, 1858);
<bibRefCitation id="B31C803FD0B15FAC213EB03456BC8509" author="Figueroa, L" journalOrPublisher="Revista Peruana de Biologia" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" pagination="125 - 138" title="La tribu Phanaeini (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) en el Peru." url="https://doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v21i2.9815" volume="21" year="2014">Figueroa et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
: 136 (cited as synonym of
<taxonomicName id="8F48E1C3C53E90D9215BD33F44B15611" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanaeus achilles" order="Coleoptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achilles">Phanaeus achilles</taxonomicName>
Boheman, 1858).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="03079D5256407F5CBE94B58F361B4BE4" pageId="205" pageNumber="206" type="type specimens">
<paragraph id="7B522DFBE1F9DAB5E94F6E8CC7639EBE" pageId="205" pageNumber="206">Type specimens.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB39EED69B21DCFF2A963B19E0ECA20F" pageId="205" pageNumber="206">
<taxonomicName id="F90E4DBA1FD498ABD35A5444E78DE12C" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanaeus achilles" order="Coleoptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achilles">Phanaeus achilles</taxonomicName>
Boheman, 1858. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the NHRS (see
<bibRefCitation id="6C183AEE09A8E5AF8CB6372674A9C5B4" author="Edmonds, WD" journalOrPublisher="Contributions in Science" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" pagination="1 - 105" title="Revision of Phanaeus Macleay, a new world genus of Scarabaeinae dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)." volume="443" year="1994">Edmonds 1994</bibRefCitation>
: 30). Locality: Puna, not examined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C894B475EFAC9560E6DE99E5D9EFAE5" pageId="205" pageNumber="206">
<taxonomicName id="9F840C4F302BEE7702DC6B1C32E2E978" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanaeus foveolatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foveolatus">Phanaeus foveolatus</taxonomicName>
Harold, 1880. The holotype is deposited at the NMHU. Locality: Guayaquil, examined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B7DFCBBF599BD4D49C79DC8003EFC966" pageId="205" pageNumber="206">Holotype (♂): &quot;Guayaquil. / Rusj [hw, green label]&quot;, &quot;foveolatus / Harold [hw, green label]&quot;, &quot;38678 [p]&quot;, &quot;1405 [p]&quot;, &quot;♂ HOLOTYPE [hw and p, red label]&quot;.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4143729CA6207134D8442BE2D472EF02" pageId="205" pageNumber="206">
<taxonomicName id="09E29CF822E537581C60E33CA1B5C20F" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanaeus achilles" order="Coleoptera" pageId="205" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="achilles" subSpecies="lydiae">Phanaeus achilles lydiae</taxonomicName>
Arnaud, 2000. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the CPFA (see
<bibRefCitation id="D98DAD11EDCF7C1A1BB52FC63D32BA98" author="Arnaud, P" journalOrPublisher="Besoiro" pageId="261" pageNumber="262" pagination="6 - 8" title="Description de nouvelles especes de Phanaeides." volume="5" year="2000">Arnaud 2000</bibRefCitation>
: 8). Locality: Guayas, Los Ceibos Guayaquil (not examined). One paratype is deposited in MQCAZ, examined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="49A868DB7D2FE0A2C66C7CD6B81D613A" pageId="205" pageNumber="206">Paratype (♂): &quot;ECUADOR (GUA) / Cerecita / 02 / 87 / P. Arnaud leg [p]&quot;, &quot;Phanaeus achilles / lydiae / P. ARNAUD DET 96 / PARATYPE ♂ [p and hw, red margin]&quot;.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3754BADE59D58ED071BBD2A0026AD732" pageId="205" pageNumber="206" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="477E09695E90E49FE95D8C2BD460B250" pageId="205" pageNumber="206">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9F84474B3080620489F9207444D70743" pageId="205" pageNumber="206">Ecuador and Peru.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F39F09C0975EAC87841628FBD4AD8D6A" pageId="205" pageNumber="206" type="records examined">
<paragraph id="45A238D5B759E08C05E45D3C7A4892D7" pageId="205" pageNumber="206">Records examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="110EDF3FB983054BA8DAA825DA353581" pageId="205" pageNumber="206">
EL ORO: 3 km S de Arenillas, 50 m (6 specimens CEMT); Arenillas, 15 m (75 specimens CEMT). GUAYAS: Cerecita (1 specimen MQCAZ); Guayaquil (1 specimen NMHU; 2 specimens CFPL); Los Ceibos Guayaquil (4 specimenes CEMT); Puna [= Isla Puna] (2 specimens NHRS). LOJA: Catamayo, Alamala, 1100 m (16 specimens MUTPL).
<normalizedToken id="6EDA6480776BF12E145A770E59635802" originalValue="MANABÍ">MANABI</normalizedToken>
: El Aromo, La Fabril, 290 m (1 specimen CEMT; 8 specimens MUTPL); El Aromo, Pueblo, 370 m (3 specimens MUTPL); Machalilla, 30 m (1 specimen CEMT); San Juan de Manta, 160 m (3 specimens MUTPL). UNDETERMINED PROVINCE: without specific locality (1 specimen NHRS).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E177DEA9AFDAB884C025BC7919D396B6" pageId="205" pageNumber="206" type="literature records">
<paragraph id="90408D6FC1DA66E364EDCD27F912FDB2" pageId="205" pageNumber="206">Literature records.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A6AA82D5EEABA6155D6F4E9C204F1E73" pageId="205" pageNumber="206">
GUAYAS: 40 km SW Guayaquil, 50 m (
<bibRefCitation id="A13416ADF1E2859A3BEBE601CF3AF9C5" author="Edmonds, WD" journalOrPublisher="Contributions in Science" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" pagination="1 - 105" title="Revision of Phanaeus Macleay, a new world genus of Scarabaeinae dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)." volume="443" year="1994">Edmonds 1994</bibRefCitation>
: 99); 45 km W Guayaquil (
<bibRefCitation id="1158597017D6EB40525FEB7159D20B73" author="Edmonds, WD" journalOrPublisher="Contributions in Science" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" pagination="1 - 105" title="Revision of Phanaeus Macleay, a new world genus of Scarabaeinae dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)." volume="443" year="1994">Edmonds 1994</bibRefCitation>
: 99); Bucay (
<bibRefCitation id="DA8F89D20E81505958232424207BBBBC" author="Edmonds, WD" journalOrPublisher="Contributions in Science" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" pagination="1 - 105" title="Revision of Phanaeus Macleay, a new world genus of Scarabaeinae dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)." volume="443" year="1994">Edmonds 1994</bibRefCitation>
: 99); Env. Cerecita, Rte. Salinas (
<bibRefCitation id="07B44CC1000674A6DE4E998AF02348F3" author="Arnaud, P" journalOrPublisher="Besoiro" pageId="261" pageNumber="262" pagination="6 - 8" title="Description de nouvelles especes de Phanaeides." volume="5" year="2000">Arnaud 2000</bibRefCitation>
: 8); Guayaquil (
<bibRefCitation id="F5B52CDE83B6DBEEEFF4B25DF7799E57" author="Edmonds, WD" journalOrPublisher="Contributions in Science" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" pagination="1 - 105" title="Revision of Phanaeus Macleay, a new world genus of Scarabaeinae dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)." volume="443" year="1994">Edmonds 1994</bibRefCitation>
: 99); Insula Puna [= Isla Puna] (Boheman 1858: 42;
<bibRefCitation id="D09A266B32BF2B547B34F2A6BE3ECD1B" author="Edmonds, WD" journalOrPublisher="Contributions in Science" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" pagination="1 - 105" title="Revision of Phanaeus Macleay, a new world genus of Scarabaeinae dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)." volume="443" year="1994">Edmonds 1994</bibRefCitation>
: 28); Los Ceibos, Guayaquil (
<bibRefCitation id="9FE244A5ED58BB58602207B9CBA31CA4" author="Arnaud, P" journalOrPublisher="Besoiro" pageId="261" pageNumber="262" pagination="6 - 8" title="Description de nouvelles especes de Phanaeides." volume="5" year="2000">Arnaud 2000</bibRefCitation>
: 8;
<bibRefCitation id="5F2D959A1D98F38E427B051EE8C4E6FF" author="Arnaud, P" journalOrPublisher="Hillside Books, Canterbury, England" pageId="261" pageNumber="262" title="Les Coleopteres du Monde, Vol. 28. Phanaeini. Dendropaemon, Tetramereia, Homalotarsus, Megatharsis, Diabroctis, Coprophanaeus, Oxysternon, Phanaeus, Sulcophanaeus." year="2002 a">Arnaud 2002a</bibRefCitation>
: 88); Posorja, 0 m (
<bibRefCitation id="E046F97284CE450F7B34F7752C2EB684" author="Arnaud, P" journalOrPublisher="Besoiro" pageId="261" pageNumber="262" pagination="6 - 8" title="Description de nouvelles especes de Phanaeides." volume="5" year="2000">Arnaud 2000</bibRefCitation>
: 8;
<bibRefCitation id="737192276077D895C6DC324C3B7E59B0" author="Edmonds, WD" journalOrPublisher="Contributions in Science" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" pagination="1 - 105" title="Revision of Phanaeus Macleay, a new world genus of Scarabaeinae dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)." volume="443" year="1994">Edmonds 1994</bibRefCitation>
: 99). LOJA: Catamayo (
<bibRefCitation id="931ED8B8F3C945518DCDFDE57012E236" author="Edmonds, WD" journalOrPublisher="Contributions in Science" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" pagination="1 - 105" title="Revision of Phanaeus Macleay, a new world genus of Scarabaeinae dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)." volume="443" year="1994">Edmonds 1994</bibRefCitation>
: 99); E35 9.5 km S. Catamayo 1211 m (
<bibRefCitation id="0FE29CC7C2C8E575E33889F8CBD0C440" author="Streit, BD" journalOrPublisher="Scarabs Occasional" pageId="278" pageNumber="279" pagination="5 - 9" title="Notes on Four Species of Phanaeus." volume="31" year="2008">Streit 2008</bibRefCitation>
: 8); without specific locality (
<bibRefCitation id="79CE73B80BFD9D6B98034A60EAFF8AE5" author="Arnaud, P" journalOrPublisher="Hillside Books, Canterbury, England" pageId="261" pageNumber="262" title="Les Coleopteres du Monde, Vol. 28. Phanaeini. Dendropaemon, Tetramereia, Homalotarsus, Megatharsis, Diabroctis, Coprophanaeus, Oxysternon, Phanaeus, Sulcophanaeus." year="2002 a">Arnaud 2002a</bibRefCitation>
: 88); without specific locality (
<bibRefCitation id="C4135C344DB72ACCFE7622C16037D6D2" author="Edmonds, WD" journalOrPublisher="Contributions in Science" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" pagination="1 - 105" title="Revision of Phanaeus Macleay, a new world genus of Scarabaeinae dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)." volume="443" year="1994">Edmonds 1994</bibRefCitation>
: 99).
<normalizedToken id="0E455B2315CCB08D31ED086484DF3F63" originalValue="MANABÍ">MANABI</normalizedToken>
: Montecristi (
<bibRefCitation id="5FFC9B2DE3E050013BC00625275D9C2C" author="Streit, BD" journalOrPublisher="Scarabs Occasional" pageId="278" pageNumber="279" pagination="5 - 9" title="Notes on Four Species of Phanaeus." volume="31" year="2008">Streit 2008</bibRefCitation>
: 9).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4C4217530B6E71994454EF861CC1D49F" pageId="205" pageNumber="206" type="temporal data">
<paragraph id="D5A8B7F6D85D7A5AE013584EA5411AA5" pageId="205" pageNumber="206">Temporal data.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="05F68C65EB4A1AFE534C91D1F48AE302" pageId="205" pageNumber="206">Collected in January, February, March, April, May, June, October, November, and December.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FE46C0BDF393BAA98992A6B19E694970" pageId="206" pageNumber="207" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="B99AA52B4B19AD10DF64A93F6031A583" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">
<pageBreakToken id="F4DB4CA4388D8358E7AD93CD4F365CBD" pageId="206" pageNumber="207" start="start">Remarks</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="39148811A5528CA2CA111FF0D957A6DE" pageId="206" pageNumber="207">Inhabits coastal lowland semi-deciduous forests from 5-370 m a.s.l. In the Andean region, it was recorded in the matorral dry montane forests from 1100-1210 m a.s.l. Collected manually and with pitfall traps baited with human feces.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>