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213 KiB
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911 lines
213 KiB
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<mods:title id="705B49FAB93AD9E09A926BAD98EFBB4B">Crickets of the genus Gryllus in the United States (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0F4B8E7FD44AEFEA341D42F9141DBE55">Weissman, David B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DB1106B0BE25E2561E2172E09E8DF207">Gray, David A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C043010EBC9492A6A8D3C8F22B7594B8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3CCFF14506BC2CBC5863D00154A02E36">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8DE48A0E8A5BD9BE363E5F546D94D366">4705</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="11BB4281858B29DC38227B59D0BC7743" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4705.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<paragraph id="903536BE0933FFC051F6FC0700ECFC75" blockId="82.[151,499,981,1079]" box="[151,443,981,1008]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
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<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0933FFC051F6FC0700ECFC75" authority="Scudder" authorityName="Scudder" box="[151,443,981,1008]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">
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<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0933FFC051F6FC0700ECFC75" bold="true" box="[151,443,981,1008]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
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<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0933FFC051F6FC07001CFC6A" bold="true" box="[151,331,981,1008]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Gryllus rubens</emphasis>
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Scudder
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="903536BE0933FFC051F6FC2B0096FB89" blockId="82.[151,499,981,1079]" box="[151,449,1017,1043]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Southeastern Field Cricket</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D89065350933FFC051F6FBCF0385FB41" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="description">
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<paragraph id="903536BE0933FFC051F6FBCF00A4FBAD" blockId="82.[151,499,981,1079]" box="[151,499,1052,1079]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
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<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0933FFC051F6FBCF0040FBAD" box="[151,279,1053,1079]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 71" captionStart-1="FIGURE 72" captionStart-10="FIGURE 81" captionStart-11="FIGURE 82" captionStart-2="FIGURE 73" captionStart-3="FIGURE 74" captionStart-4="FIGURE 75" captionStart-5="FIGURE 76" captionStart-6="FIGURE 77" captionStart-7="FIGURE 78" captionStart-8="FIGURE 79" captionStart-9="FIGURE 80" captionStartId-0="83.[151,250,1875,1900]" captionStartId-1="84.[151,250,1899,1924]" captionStartId-10="90.[151,250,1453,1478]" captionStartId-11="90.[158,257,1954,1979]" captionStartId-2="85.[151,250,634,659]" captionStartId-3="85.[151,250,1780,1805]" captionStartId-4="86.[151,250,1016,1041]" captionStartId-5="87.[151,250,1762,1787]" captionStartId-6="88.[151,250,833,858]" captionStartId-7="88.[151,250,1714,1739]" captionStartId-8="89.[151,250,1339,1364]" captionStartId-9="90.[151,250,801,826]" captionTargetBox-0="[159,1383,300,1833]" captionTargetBox-1="[157,1383,270,1789]" captionTargetBox-10="[159,1365,902,1402]" captionTargetBox-11="[161,1426,1491,1927]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1382,166,596]" captionTargetBox-3="[190,1426,792,1754]" captionTargetBox-4="[154,1411,174,975]" captionTargetBox-5="[151,1435,471,1717]" captionTargetBox-6="[159,1387,298,781]" captionTargetBox-7="[151,1413,901,1695]" captionTargetBox-8="[151,1418,507,1317]" captionTargetBox-9="[151,1387,166,765]" captionTargetId-0="figure@83.[151,1435,265,1855]" captionTargetId-1="figure@84.[151,1435,166,1879]" captionTargetId-10="figure@90.[151,1413,847,1433]" captionTargetId-11="figure@90.[151,1435,1485,1935]" captionTargetId-2="figure@85.[151,1435,166,614]" captionTargetId-3="figure@85.[151,1435,788,1760]" captionTargetId-4="figure@86.[151,1435,174,997]" captionTargetId-5="figure@87.[151,1435,471,1739]" captionTargetId-6="figure@88.[151,1435,258,814]" captionTargetId-7="figure@88.[151,1435,901,1695]" captionTargetId-8="figure@89.[151,1435,507,1317]" captionTargetId-9="figure@90.[151,1410,166,781]" captionTargetPageId-0="83" captionTargetPageId-1="84" captionTargetPageId-10="90" captionTargetPageId-11="90" captionTargetPageId-2="85" captionTargetPageId-3="85" captionTargetPageId-4="86" captionTargetPageId-5="87" captionTargetPageId-6="88" captionTargetPageId-7="88" captionTargetPageId-8="89" captionTargetPageId-9="90" captionText-0="FIGURE 71. Five second waveforms of calling songs of (A) G. rubens, (B) G. texensis, and (C) G. regularis. (A) G. rubens: (R13-220) Tulsa, OK (S13-68), at 25°C; (B) G. texensis: (R13-224) Rio Hondo, TX (S13-44), at 26°C; (C) G. regularis (R99- 211) Sinaloa, MX (S99-86), at 25.5°C." captionText-1="FIGURE 72. One second spectrograms of (A) G. rubens, (B) G. texensis, and (C) G. regularis, same males as in Fig. 71." captionText-10="FIGURE 81. Atypical G. rubens calling song: (R02-74) Cape Girardeau Co., MO (S02-58), at 26°C." captionText-11="FIGURE 82. Left: Regression of sympatric G. rubens and G. texensis from Tulsa, OK (S13-68) showing lack of separation in individuals for pulse rate vs. file teeth number. Right: Histogram of pulse rates of these same males." captionText-2="FIGURE 73. ITS2 gene tree. G. rubens samples: Orlando, FL (F122); Lake City & Ocala, FL (Genbank SRA, Berdan et al. 2016); G. regularis samples: S07-2 (G1101); S07-41 (G1085); S15-67 (G3154); S15-102 (G3280); G. texensis samples: S15-43 (G3048); S16-12 (G3382, G3403, G3404, G3421); Uvalde, TX (d102); Bastrop, TX (d1042)." captionText-3="FIGURE 74. Holotype female G. rubens, with labels." captionText-4="FIGURE 75. Regression of pronotum width vs. ovipositor length in the only two trilling eastern US taxa shows that holotype most consistent with G. rubens." captionText-5="FIGURE 76. Populations of G. rubens that we studied." captionText-6="FIGURE 77. One second waveform, pulse rate of 56, of calling song of G. rubens: (R13-220) Tulsa, OK (S13-68), at 25°C." captionText-7="FIGURE 78. Regression of number file teeth vs. hind femur length showing separation of sympatric G. rubens from G. texensis." captionText-8="FIGURE 79. Regression of number file teeth vs. teeth/mm showing separation of sympatric G. rubens from G. texensis." captionText-9="FIGURE 80. Color variation in G. rubens, all three individuals from Cape Girardeau Co., MO (S02-58)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563811" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563813" figureDoi-10="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563831" figureDoi-11="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563833" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563815" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563817" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563819" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563821" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563823" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563825" figureDoi-8="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563827" figureDoi-9="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563829" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3563811/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3563813/files/figure.png" httpUri-10="https://zenodo.org/record/3563831/files/figure.png" httpUri-11="https://zenodo.org/record/3563833/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3563815/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3563817/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/3563819/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/3563821/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/3563823/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/3563825/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/3563827/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/3563829/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Figs 71–82</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0933FFC05043FBCE0017FBAD" box="[290,320,1052,1079]" captionStart="FIGURE 85" captionStartId="92.[151,250,1036,1061]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,186,976]" captionTargetId="figure@92.[151,1435,186,1017]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURE 85. Regression of file teeth number vs. hind femur in G. texensis vs. G. rubens showing overlap but lower number of teeth in latter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563839" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563839/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">85</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0933FFC0502DFBCF003DFBAD" box="[332,362,1053,1079]" captionStart="FIGURE 86" captionStartId="92.[151,250,1973,1998]" captionTargetBox="[189,1413,1157,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@92.[151,1435,1148,1954]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURE 86. Regression of pronotum width vs. ovipositor length in G. texensis vs. G. rubens showing generally shorter ovipositor length in former." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563841" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563841/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">86</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0933FFC05017FBCF00C2FBAD" box="[374,405,1053,1079]" captionStart="FIGURE 90" captionStartId="96.[151,250,1184,1209]" captionTargetBox="[151,1412,371,1163]" captionTargetId="figure@96.[151,1435,371,1163]" captionTargetPageId="96" captionText="FIGURE 90. Regression of file teeth vs. teeth/mm showing separation of sympatric G. rubens from G. texensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563849/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">90</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="DD0803050933FFC050C1FBCF00A4FBAD" box="[416,499,1053,1079]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="17.[150,238,466,492]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="TABLE 1. Summary measurements for morphological and song characters for Gryllus species discussed in this paper." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C4F566360970FF8351F7FE0004D1FE76" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" tableUuid="C4F566360970FF8351F7FE0004D1FE76">Table 1</tableCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="903536BE0933FFC051F6FBB302BAFB26" blockId="82.[151,1436,1121,1274]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
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1902
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<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0933FFC051AEFBB30346FBE0" authority="Scudder. Psyche" authorityName="Scudder. Psyche" box="[207,529,1121,1146]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">
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<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0933FFC051AEFBB30031FBE3" box="[207,358,1121,1145]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Gryllus rubens</emphasis>
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Scudder. Psyche
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</taxonomicName>
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9: p. 295.
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<typeStatus id="4F31881C0933FFC0531BFBB3038FFBE0" box="[634,728,1121,1146]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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female, Auburn,
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<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0933FFC052E4FBB302B3FBE0" box="[901,996,1121,1146]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Alabama</collectingRegion>
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. Type in ANSP, photos (
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<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0933FFC055B7FBB30448FBE3" box="[1238,1311,1121,1146]" captionStart="FIGURE 74" captionStartId="85.[151,250,1780,1805]" captionTargetBox="[190,1426,792,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@85.[151,1435,788,1760]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 74. Holotype female G. rubens, with labels." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563817/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Fig. 74</figureCitation>
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) courtesy of J.D. Weintraub, ANSP. Plotting Scudder’s female
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<typeStatus id="4F31881C0933FFC053A1FBAD024EFB02" box="[704,793,1151,1176]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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measurements of pronotal width of
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<quantity id="57729B5B0933FFC055E7FBAD05E8FB0D" box="[1158,1215,1151,1176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
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and ovipositor length of
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<quantity id="57729B5B0933FFC05182FB71007EFB21" box="[227,297,1187,1212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0933FFC05056FB710091FB26" author="Scudder, S. H." box="[311,454,1187,1212]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="291 - 296" refId="ref166597" refString="Scudder, S. H. (1902) The species of Gryllus found in the United States east of the Sierra Nevadas. Psyche, 9, 291 - 296. https: // doi. org / 10.1155 / 1902 / 35962" type="journal article" year="1902">Scudder 1902</bibRefCitation>
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) falls within
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<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0933FFC0532DFB7603E7FB26" box="[588,688,1188,1212]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">
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||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0933FFC0532DFB7603E7FB26" box="[588,688,1188,1212]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">G. rubens</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
measurement cluster (
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<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0933FFC052F4FB7102B5FB26" box="[917,994,1187,1212]" captionStart="FIGURE 75" captionStartId="86.[151,250,1016,1041]" captionTargetBox="[154,1411,174,975]" captionTargetId="figure@86.[151,1435,174,997]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="FIGURE 75. Regression of pronotum width vs. ovipositor length in the only two trilling eastern US taxa shows that holotype most consistent with G. rubens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563819" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563819/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Fig. 75</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="903536BE0933FFC051F6FB100385FB41" blockId="82.[151,1436,1121,1274]" box="[151,722,1218,1243]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
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1957
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<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0933FFC051B1FB110098FB41" authority="(Scudder)" baseAuthorityName="Scudder" box="[208,463,1218,1243]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Acheta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">
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<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0933FFC051B1FB110035FB41" box="[208,354,1219,1243]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Acheta rubens</emphasis>
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(Scudder)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0933FFC050B6FB1003D5FB41" author="Alexander, R. D." box="[471,642,1218,1243]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="584 - 602" refId="ref157539" refString="Alexander, R. D. (1957) The taxonomy of the field crickets of the eastern United States (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Acheta). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 50, 584 - 602. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 50.6.584" type="journal article" year="1957">Alexander, 1957</bibRefCitation>
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. p. 586.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D89065350933FFC051F6FB33030CFB60" box="[151,603,1249,1274]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="903536BE0933FFC051F6FB33030CFB60" blockId="82.[151,1436,1121,1274]" box="[151,603,1249,1274]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
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||
1964
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0933FFC051B1FB330300FB60" authority="Scudder. Randell 1964" authorityName="Scudder. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[208,599,1249,1274]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0933FFC051B1FB33003FFB63" box="[208,360,1249,1273]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Gryllus rubens</emphasis>
|
||
Scudder.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0933FFC050ADFB330300FB60" author="Randell, R. L." box="[460,599,1249,1274]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="1565 - 1607" refId="ref165877" refString="Randell, R. L. (1964) The male genitalia in Gryllinae (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) and a tribal revision. The Canadian Entomologist, 96, 1565 - 1607. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 961565 - 12" type="journal article" year="1964">Randell 1964</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D89065350933FFCB51F6FAFA025FFF4D" lastPageId="89" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="distribution">
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||
<paragraph id="903536BE0933FFC051F6FAFA05D8FAFC" blockId="82.[151,1437,1320,2030]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
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||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0933FFC051F6FAFA007FFAD8" box="[151,296,1320,1346]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
One (
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||
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captionTargetPageId-45="71" captionTargetPageId-46="72" captionTargetPageId-47="73" captionTargetPageId-48="74" captionTargetPageId-49="75" captionTargetPageId-5="35" captionTargetPageId-50="75" captionTargetPageId-51="76" captionTargetPageId-52="76" captionTargetPageId-53="77" captionTargetPageId-54="78" captionTargetPageId-55="79" captionTargetPageId-56="79" captionTargetPageId-57="80" captionTargetPageId-58="81" captionTargetPageId-59="84" captionTargetPageId-6="35" captionTargetPageId-60="85" captionTargetPageId-61="85" captionTargetPageId-62="86" captionTargetPageId-63="87" captionTargetPageId-64="88" captionTargetPageId-65="88" captionTargetPageId-66="89" captionTargetPageId-67="90" captionTargetPageId-68="90" captionTargetPageId-69="90" captionTargetPageId-7="36" captionTargetPageId-70="91" captionTargetPageId-71="91" captionTargetPageId-72="92" captionTargetPageId-73="92" captionTargetPageId-74="93" captionTargetPageId-75="93" captionTargetPageId-76="94" captionTargetPageId-77="96" captionTargetPageId-78="97" captionTargetPageId-79="97" captionTargetPageId-8="37" captionTargetPageId-80="98" captionTargetPageId-81="99" captionTargetPageId-82="100" captionTargetPageId-83="101" captionTargetPageId-84="102" captionTargetPageId-85="103" captionTargetPageId-86="104" captionTargetPageId-87="105" captionTargetPageId-88="106" captionTargetPageId-89="106" captionTargetPageId-9="38" captionTargetPageId-90="107" captionTargetPageId-91="108" captionTargetPageId-92="110" captionTargetPageId-93="111" captionTargetPageId-94="112" captionTargetPageId-95="113" captionTargetPageId-96="114" captionTargetPageId-97="115" captionTargetPageId-98="116" captionTargetPageId-99="117" captionText-0="FIGURE 71. Five second waveforms of calling songs of (A) G. rubens, (B) G. texensis, and (C) G. regularis. (A) G. rubens: (R13-220) Tulsa, OK (S13-68), at 25°C; (B) G. texensis: (R13-224) Rio Hondo, TX (S13-44), at 26°C; (C) G. regularis (R99- 211) Sinaloa, MX (S99-86), at 25.5°C." captionText-1="FIGURE 13. One second spectrogram of G. bimaculatus, same male as in Fig. 12." captionText-10="FIGURE 22. Left Panel: G. bryanti (on left) vs. sympatric G. assimilis (right), both from Bahamas. Note head wider than pronotum in G. bryanti. Right Panel: Three second waveform of typical single-pulse chirp calling song of G. bryanti (neotype male, GBM08, Andros Island, at 25 °C)." captionText-100="FIGURE 113. Five second waveforms of calling songs of (A) G. fultoni and (B) G. vernalis. G. fultoni: (R03-86) Hocking Co., OH (S03-64), at 25°C; G. vernalis: (R03-104) Jefferson Co., MO (S03-56), at 24.5°C." captionText-101="FIGURE 114. One second spectrograms of (A) G. fultoni and (B) G. vernalis, same males as in Fig. 113." captionText-102="FIGURE 115. ITS2 gene tree. G. vernalis samples: S03-56 (G27, G1739); S03-62 (G31, G33). G. fultoni samples: S03-62 (G32, G34); S03-64 (G35), S07-22 (G1138)." captionText-103="FIGURE 116. Lectotype female, G. vernalis, specimen and labels." captionText-104="FIGURE 117. Allolectotype male, G. vernalis, specimen and labels." captionText-105="FIGURE 118. Pair of G. vernalis from Crawford Co., Indiana (S03-62). Note separation of tegmina of female (left)." captionText-106="FIGURE 119. Calling song (R03-104) of G. vernalis from Jefferson Co., MO (S03-56), recorded at 24.5°C." captionText-107="FIGURE 120. Size and color comparison of G. vernalis (left, S03-56, Jefferson Co., MO) vs. G. fultoni (right, S03-62, Crawford Co., IN)." captionText-108="FIGURE 121. Populations of G. vernalis that we studied." captionText-109="FIGURE 122. 16S gene tree and distribution map showing two 16S Clades for both G. vernalis and G. fultoni (the latter situation is discussed, below, under G. fultoni). G. vernalis samples: S03-56 (G26, G27, G1740); S03-57 (G28, G1700, G1701, G1738); S03-62 (G31, G33, G440); S14-35 (G2754, G2755). G. fultoni samples: S01-47 (G1704); S03-56 (G38, G1703); S03- 62 (G32, G34); S03-64 (G35, G1712); S07-22 (G1020, G1138)." captionText-11="FIGURE 23. Male holotype (right) and female allotype (left) G. ovisopis." captionText-110="FIGURE 123. Holotype male (upper) G. fultoni and allotype female (bottom), with labels." captionText-111="FIGURE 124. Color variation in G. fultoni: female (left) and both males (middle and right), all three from Crawford Co., IN (S03-62). Note narrow heads, especially in male on right, and separation of female tegmina." captionText-112="FIGURE 125. Calling song (R03-86) of G. fultoni from Hocking Co., Ohio (S03-64), recorded at 25°C." captionText-113="FIGURE 126. Populations of G. fultoni that we studied. See Walker (2019) for more eastern localities." captionText-114="FIGURE 127. Holotype male of G. cayensis, with labels." captionText-115="FIGURE 128. Allotype female of G. cayensis, with labels." captionText-116="FIGURE 129. Photograph of live G. cayensis female used in multilocus sequencing." captionText-117="FIGURE 130. Five second waveforms of calling songs of (A) G. veletis and (B) G. planeta. G. veletis: (R03-118) near type locality (S03-58), at 24°C; G. planeta: (R15-160) near type locality (S15-61), at 24.9°C." captionText-118="FIGURE 131. One second spectrograms of (A) G. veletis and (B) G. planeta, same males as in Fig. 130." captionText-119="FIGURE 132. ITS2 gene tree. G. planeta samples: S15-61 (G3088, G3094, G3114, G3135, G3344, G3345, G3347); S15-63 (G3130). G. veletis samples: S03-58 (G39); S03-60 (G30); S15-9 (G2939); S15-13 (G2884, G2929); S15-16 (G2927, G2934); S15-21 (G2894, G2895, G2896, G2899, G2942); S15-24 (G2936); S15-25 (G2963, G2968, G2983); S15-53 (G3304, G3343); S15-62 (G3131, G3134); S15-67 (G3137, G3144); S15-78 (G3145, G3147); Salt Lake City, UT (2009-013). Most ITS2 sequenced western US G. veletis samples match closely with the two eastern US samples from near the type locality, but a few samples from eastern NV, central NM, and west TX are genetically somewhat divergent. G. montis Clade 1 ITS2 sequences fall within this Group, but alternative placements are supported by different genes and analysis methods (see under G. montis, page 201, for discussion)." captionText-12="FIGURE 24. Holotype male (left), G. thinos. Female (right) from type locality showing typical, linear head stripes." captionText-120="FIGURE 133. Holotype male (left) G. veletis and allotype female (right), with labels." captionText-121="FIGURE 134. Body size variation in G. veletis: smallest males (left, S03-52) from North Dakota vs. largest males (right, S03- 60) from western Texas. These are typical body sizes at each locality." captionText-122="FIGURE 135. Calling song (R03-118) of G. veletis from near type locality (S03-58), recorded at 24°C." captionText-123="FIGURE 136. Regression of hind femur length vs. cerci length of Davis Mts., Texas, G. veletis vs. G. planeta, to show separation." captionText-124="FIGURE 137. Regression of number file teeth vs. hind femur length in G. veletis vs. G. veletisoides." captionText-125="FIGURE 138. Regression of hind femur length vs. ovipositor length in G. veletis vs. G. veletisoides." captionText-126="FIGURE 139. Regression of hind femur length vs. cerci length in G. veletis vs. G. pennsylvanicus." captionText-127="FIGURE 140. Distribution of G. veletis specimens that we studied." captionText-128="FIGURE 141. Map of G. veletis file tooth counts showing geographic variation. Tooth counts vary from 116 (Pecos, NM, S01- 45) to 175 (La Junta, CO, S87-65)." captionText-129="FIGURE 142. Atypical G. veletis song with 4-10 p/c (R09-73) from near Roswell, NM (S09-58), recorded at 26°C." captionText-13="FIGURE 25. Calling song of G. thinos (R07-125) Cameron Co., TX (S07-25), at 25°C: (A) five second waveform, (B) one second spectrogram." captionText-130="FIGURE 143. Radial 16S gene tree showing large and distinct 16S clade (in purple) in central Utah. Labels indicate County and State; the ‘G. utahensis’ 16S clade is in purple, whereas geographically widespread G. veletis samples (including other Utah samples) are in blue." captionText-131="FIGURE 144. Regression latitude vs. body length in G. veletis." captionText-132="FIGURE 145. Regression latitude vs. hind femur length in G. veletis." captionText-133="FIGURE 146. Regression latitude vs. pronotal width in G. veletis." captionText-134="FIGURE 147. Regression latitude vs. file teeth number in G. veletis." captionText-135="FIGURE 148. Regression latitude vs. file length in G. veletis." captionText-136="FIGURE 149. Regression latitude vs. teeth/mm in G. veletis." captionText-137="FIGURE 150. Regression latitude vs. pulse rate in G. veletis." captionText-138="FIGURE 151. Regression hind femur length vs. length cerci in G. planeta vs. G. veletis, in the Davis Mts., TX, showing separation between these sympatric species." captionText-139="FIGURE 152. Calling song (R15-160) of G. planeta from the type locality (S15-61), recorded at 24.9°C." captionText-14="FIGURE 26. Known distribution of G. thinos." captionText-140="FIGURE 153. Holotype male (left) G. planeta. Female (right) also from type locality." captionText-141="FIGURE 154. Known distribution of G. planeta." captionText-142="FIGURE 155. Five second waveforms of calling songs of (A) typical G. cohni and (B) G. vocalis. G. cohni: (R15-289) Pima Co., AZ (S15-108), at 25.3°C; G. vocalis: (R09-17) San Diego Co., CA (S09-18), at 23.5°C." captionText-143="FIGURE 156. One second spectrograms of (A) G. cohni and (B) G. vocalis, same males as in Fig. 155." captionText-144="FIGURE 157. ITS2 gene tree. G. cohni samples: S95-81 (G102); S14-53, 20 km S Mazatlán, Mexico (G2756, G2757, G2776, G2843,G2844, G2846); S15-107 (G3248); S15-108 (G3217);Cordes Junction,Yavapai Co.,AZ (2003-294, 2003-295A); Bloody Basin x Pueblo la Plata, Agua Fria National Monument, Yavapai Co., AZ (2006-248). G. vocalis samples: S05-68 (G487); S05- 99 (G505); S11-102 (G2185); S12-20 (G2244); S12-26 (G2265); S13-13 (G2531); S13-14 (G2479); S13-16 (G2481); S15-110 (G3215); S15-111 (G3219, G3224, G3227, G3290, G3291); S16-18 (G3405); S16-28 (G3423); Wet Beaver Creek Campground, Yavapai Co., AZ (2007-172, 2007-174); California State University Northridge, Los Angeles Co., CA (2016-043). G. alogus, type locality, Albuquerque, NM (G3335, G3337)." captionText-145="FIGURE 158. Holotype male G. vocalis, with labels." captionText-146="FIGURE 159. Holotype female of G. alogus, with labels." captionText-147="FIGURE 160. Regression of hind femur length vs. ovipositor length for all Gryllus species in the Albuquerque, NM, area, which is the type locality of G. alogus." captionText-148="FIGURE 161. Typical color in G. vocalis, this male from Shoshone, CA (S03-37)." captionText-149="FIGURE 162. Calling song (R09-17) of G. vocalis from San Diego Co., CA (S09-18), recorded at 23.5°C." captionText-15="FIGURE 27. ITS2 gene tree showing some separation between Padre Island and Boca Chica samples of G. thinos." captionText-150="FIGURE 163. Known US distribution of G. vocalis." captionText-151="FIGURE 164. Holotype male of G. cohni, with labels." captionText-152="FIGURE 165. Female G. cohni from Pima Co, AZ (S98-71)." captionText-153="FIGURE 166. ‘Typical’ songs of G. cohni illustrating the extreme variability in pulse numbers both within and among individuals. (A) 2003-295 Cordes Junction, Yavapai Co., AZ, at 22.0°C. (B) R15-289 Pima Co., AZ (S15-108), at 25.3°C." captionText-154="FIGURE 167. One second spectrograms of G. cohni showing atypical calling songs. (A) Agua Fria, AZ (2006-260), showing pulses grouped into 3s, at 22.8°C. (B) near Mazatlán, Mexico (R14-30, S14-53), showing an irregular trilling pattern, at 26°C. (C) near Mazatlán, Mexico (R14-36, S14-53), showing an almost uninterrupted trill, at 25.7°C." captionText-155="FIGURE 168. In sympatry in central Arizona, female G. cohni and G. regularis differ in relative ovipositor length, however not diagnostically so. All females are from Agua Fria National Monument, with species ID via song of lab reared sons." captionText-156="FIGURE 169. Known distribution of G. cohni." captionText-157="FIGURE 170. Five second waveforms of typical calling songs of (A) G. lineaticeps, (B) G. personatus, and (C) G. staccato. (A) G. lineaticeps: (R11-15) Mendocino Co., CA (S11-22), recorded at 24°C; (B) G. personatus: (R07-74) from Alpine, TX (S07-41), recorded at 25°C; (C) G. staccato (R15-291) from Gila Bend, AZ (S15-111), recorded at 25.1°C." captionText-158="FIGURE 171. One second spectrograms of typical calling songs of (A) G. lineaticeps, (B) G. personatus, and (C) G. staccato, same males as in Fig. 170." captionText-159="FIGURE 172. Known distribution (from Gray et al. 2016b) showing, basically, allopatric localities of the three Lineaticeps Group taxa." captionText-16="FIGURE 28. Five second waveforms of calling songs of (A) G. pennsylvanicus and (B) G. firmus. G. pennsylvanicus (R04-110) Whatcom Co., WA (S04-91), at 25°C. G. firmus: (R03-255) Gainesville, FL (S03-85), at 25°C." captionText-160="FIGURE 173. Separation of species within the Lineaticeps Group by song (from Gray et al. 2016b). Most points represent lab-reared individuals; therefore, it is possible that field-caught individuals (see Table 1, p. 18) would show somewhat less clear separation given known effects of developmental temperature on song in field crickets (Walker 2000)." captionText-161="FIGURE 174. ITS2 gene tree. Collection stop numbers for G. lineaticeps samples: S00-15, Guadalupe Island, Mexico (G273); S04-64 (G352); S05-39 (G463); S09-28 (G1303); S09-37 (G1315). Collection stop numbers for G. personatus samples: S99- 84, Durango, Mexico (G393); S03-127, from Coahuila, Mexico (G75, G76); S07-41 (G1014); S09-58 (G1372); S09-151, from near Janos, Mexico (G1462, G1463); S16-6 (G3371). Collection stop numbers for G. staccato samples: S04-121 (G376); S09- 54 (G1397); S09-103 (G1407); S11-102 (G2186). See also Gray et al. (2016b)." captionText-162="FIGURE 175. Neotype male of G. lineaticeps, with labels." captionText-163="FIGURE 176. Calling song (R11-15) of G. lineaticeps from Mendocino Co., CA (S11-22), recorded at 25°C; lower panel shows structure of a single chirp." captionText-164="FIGURE 177. Color variation in G. lineaticeps: Reddish male (A) and female (C) from Madera Co., CA (S15-91); black male (B) from Tuolumne Co., CA (S10-13)." captionText-165="FIGURE 178. Known US distribution of G. lineaticeps." captionText-166="FIGURE 179. Holotype female of Gryllus personatus, with labels." captionText-167="FIGURE 180. Calling song (R07-74) of G. personatus from Alpine, TX (S07-41), recorded at 25°C; lower panel shows structure of a single chirp." captionText-168="FIGURE 181. Known US distribution of G. personatus." captionText-169="FIGURE 182. Color variation in G. personatus, moving left to right: Navajo Co., AZ (S91-86); Navajo Co., AZ (S91-88); Navajo Co., AZ (S91-86); Tom Green Co., TX (S88-31); Alpine, TX (S07-41)." captionText-17="FIGURE 29. One second spectrograms of (A) G. pennsylvanicus and (B) G. firmus; same males as in Fig. 28." captionText-170="FIGURE 183. Typical (upper panel), irregular calling song (R15-291) of G. staccato from Gila Bend, AZ (S15-111), recorded at 25.1°C. Lower panel shows more detailed structure of the ‘stutter-chirp’." captionText-171="FIGURE 184. (A). Regularly spaced calling song (R11-124) of G. staccato from Buckeye, AZ (S11-102), recorded at 26°C. (B) Calling song (R09-147) of G. staccato from Tucson, AZ (S09-53), recorded at 27.5°C showing both regular and irregular spacing of chirps within the same individual." captionText-172="FIGURE 185. Regression of width pronotum vs. length ovipositor in G. staccato vs. G. personatus." captionText-173="FIGURE 186. Holotype male (upper) of G. staccato. Female (lower) from Pima Co., AZ (S11-95). Note cream colored area, below eye, on male." captionText-174="FIGURE 187. Dark color variation in G. staccato from Colonia Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico (S01-71)." captionText-175="FIGURE 188. Known US distribution of G. staccato." captionText-176="FIGURE 189. Five second waveforms of calling songs of (A) G. chisosensis and (B) G. veletisoides. (A) G. chisosensis: holotype male, at 24°C; (B) G. veletisoides: (R06-21) type locality (S06-30), at 25°C." captionText-177="FIGURE 190. One second spectrograms of calling songs of (A) G. chisosensis and (B) G. veletisoides, same males as in Fig. 189." captionText-178="FIGURE 191. ITS2 gene tree. Collection stop numbers for G. chisosensis: S07-36 (G1192); S16-13 (G3399, G3400). Collection stop numbers for G. veletisoides: S03-21 (G9, G10); S03-23 (G11); S06-30 (G540, G541, G566); S12-41 (G2252); S15-81 (G3167, G3174, 2016-044)." captionText-179="FIGURE 192. Holotype male (left) of G. chisosensis. Female (right) from near type locality in Big Bend National Park (S16- 13)." captionText-18="FIGURE 30. ITS2 gene tree. G. firmus samples: S03-85 (G60, G61, G62); S07-25 (G1073, G1074); S07-26 (G1186, G1235); S10-63 (G1920, G1922); S10-67 (G1915); S11-29 (G2165, G2029, G2034); S13-41 (G2709); S13-59 (G2716); G. pennsylvanicus samples: S08-74 (G709, G710); S11-107 (G2208); S11-108 (G2211)." captionText-180="FIGURE 193. Calling song (R07-116) of holotype G. chisosensis, recorded at 24°C. Top: 5 s waveform; Bottom: 1 s spectrogram. Note that in this recording, the first two pulses are much quieter than the last two pulses. The four additional recordings that we have of G. chisosensis males also show a similar pattern (R85-134 [S85-57]; R91-71 & R91-129 [S91-42], R16-27 [S16-13]). It is fairly common in Gryllus for the first few pulses to be of lower amplitude than the last pulses, so we caution that, even if typical for this species, this is not a diagnostic feature." captionText-181="FIGURE 194. Known distribution of G. chisosensis." captionText-182="FIGURE 195. Right: Holotype male of G. veletisoides. Left: Female of G. veletisoides, also from type locality (S06-30)." captionText-183="FIGURE 196. Calling song (R06-21) of G. veletisoides from type locality (S06-30), recorded at 25°C." captionText-184="FIGURE 197. Regression file teeth number vs. hind femur length in G. veletisoides vs. G. veletis." captionText-185="FIGURE 198. Regression hind femur length vs. ovipositor length in G. veletisoides vs. G. veletis." captionText-186="FIGURE 199. Known distribution of G. veletisoides." captionText-187="FIGURE 200. More typical dark color, this male G. veletisoides from Fresno Co., CA (S03-21)." captionText-188="FIGURE 201. Known distribution of G. montis, with locality coding based on multilocus DNA Clade." captionText-189="FIGURE 202. A. Typical calling song of G. montis (R13-71) from the type locality (S13-17), recorded at 25.5°C. B. One second spectrogram of typical calling song of G. montis, same male as in A." captionText-19="FIGURE 31. Five second calling song of G. pennsylvanicus (R04-110) Whatcom Co., WA (S04-91), at 25°C." captionText-190="FIGURE 203. Holotype male (left) and type locality female (right) of G. montis." captionText-191="FIGURE 204. Known distribution of G. montis." captionText-192="FIGURE 205. 16S gene tree, indicating multilocus DNA clade based on locality. G. montis Clade 1 samples (orange) mostly have 16S DNA like G. veletis, as do two G. montis Clade 3 samples (blue, both from Mt. Graham). G. montis Clade 2 samples (green) fall into two groups. G. montis Clade 3 samples mostly fall into two geographically separated groups (Hualapai Mtn. near Kingman, AZ, and Sedona, AZ area). G. montis Clade 4 samples have 16S DNA like G. lightfooti. Collection stop numbers: G. montis samples: S07-45 (G1194); S07-54 (G1123, G1154, G1226); S07-58 (G1051, G1216); S07-59 (G1095, G1126); S07-60 (G1052, G1201); S07-62 (G1102, G1151); S07-63 (G1129, G1207); S07-65 (G1103, G1132); S08-50 (G690, G691); S08-51 (G700); S12-18 (G2241, G2249); S12-30 (G2251, G2257); S12-31 (G2262); S12-103 (G2416); S13-17 (G2475, G2857, G2859); S13-18 (G2461, G 2471); S13-21 (G2462, G2464, G2466); S13-36 (G2487, G2489, G2491, G2499); Parker Canyon Lake, Cochise Co., AZ (2004-44, 45, 47, 50, 73); Madera Canyon, Bog Springs, Santa Cruz Co., AZ (2004-118, 2005-003, 012); Madera Canyon, Mt. Wrightson picnic area, Santa Cruz Co., AZ (2010-082); Cave Creek Canyon, Chiricahua Mts., Cochise Co., AZ (2005-115, 122, 127, 131, 133, 136, 137, 143); Miller Canyon, Huachuca Mts., Cochise Co., AZ (2005-169, 176, 179, 181, 192, 193, 194); Reef Camp, Huachuca Mts., Cochise Co., AZ (2012-219, 220, 226). G. veletis samples: S04-107 (G2861, G2862); S07-51 (G1155, G1159); S07-53 (G1120, G1122, G1157); S07-57 (G1056, G1093); S07-72 (G1150); S08-53 (G703, G704); S09-63 (G1355); S15-19 (G2892, G2960, G2999); S15-25 (G2955, G2963, G2968, G2983, G2992); S15-51 (G3099, G3127); S15-53 (G3343); S15-67 (G3144); S15-78 (G3145, G3147). G. lightfooti samples: S09-51 (G1368); S09-59 (G1350); S11-86 (G2205); S11-88 (G2206). G. saxatilis samples: S15-89 (G3201, G3203). G. planeta samples: S15-61 (G3088, G3094, G3114, G3135, G3347); S15-63 (G3130)." captionText-193="FIGURE 206. ITS2 gene tree, indicating multilocus DNA clade based on locality. G. veletis samples: S03-58 (G39); S03-60 (G30); S15-9 (G2939); S15-16 (G2927, G2934); S15-21 (G2895); S15-24 (G2936); S15-25 (G2968, G2983); S15-53 (G3343); S15-62 (G3131, G3134, G3304); S15-67 (G3137, G3144). G. montis samples: S07-53 (G1046, G1047, G1048); S07-54 (G1123, G1226); S07-58 (G1051, G1094, G1216); S07-59 (G1095, G1096, G1126); S07-60 (G1052, G1097, G1127, G1128, G1201); S07-62 (G1102, G1151); S07-63 (G1129); S07-65 (G1103, G1132); S08-50 (G690, G691); S09-50 (G1353); S12-18 (G2241, G2249); S12-22 (G2273); S12-30 (G2251); S12-103 (G2416); S13-17 (G2472, G2475, G2857); S13-18 (G2461, G2471, G2482; S13-21 (G2462, G2464, G2466, G2467); S13-36 (G2487, G2489, G2491); Parker Canyon Lake, Cochise Co., AZ (2004-44, 45, 50, 73); Madera Canyon, Bog Springs, Santa Cruz Co., AZ (2004-118, 2005-003, 004, 009, 012); Miller Canyon, Huachuca Mts., Cochise Co., AZ (2005-169, 176, 180, 181, 182); Reef Camp, Huachuca Mts., Cochise Co., AZ (2012-219, 220, 222, 223, 226). G. longicercus samples: S12-23 (G2245, G2247, G2260, G2261); S15-52 (G3086, G3276)." captionText-194="FIGURE 207. Five second waveforms of typical calling songs of (A) G. lightfooti, (B) G. sotol, and (C) G. transpecos. (A) G. lightfooti: (R09-69) Cochise Co., AZ (S09-55), at 24°C; (B) G. sotol: (R17-44) from type locality (S17-4), at 24.1°C; (C) G. transpecos: (R09-93) Culberson Co., TX (S09-64), at 25°C." captionText-195="FIGURE 208. One second spectrograms of typical calling songs of (A) G. lightfooti, (B) G. sotol, and (C) G. transpecos, same males as in Fig. 207." captionText-196="FIGURE 209. ITS2 gene tree. Collection stop numbers for G. lightfooti samples (orange): S07-61 (G1099, G1206); S07-66 (G1218); S07-67 (G1222); S07-68 (G1133); S09-55 (G1369); S12-19 (G2253); S12-102 (G2404); S12-103 (G2414); S13-13 (G2518, G2528); S13-16 (G2480, G2513, G2519, G2520); S13-18 (G2484, G2696); S13-19 (G2505, G2527, G2533, G2592); S15-49 (G3104); S15-75 (G3061, G3063); S15-100 (G3340); S15-104 (G3328); S15-105 (G3317, G3332); S15-109 (G3333); S15-110 (G3214, G3228, G3235, G3236, G3237); S16-24 (G3435, G3445, G3448, G3450); S16-31 (G3438, G3444); S16- 33 (G3443). Collection stop numbers for G. sotol samples (purple): S15-77 (G3295); S17-4 (G3493, G3497, G3503, G3505, G3508, G3509, G3510, G3511). Collection stop numbers for G. transpecos samples (blue): S07-36 (G1081); S09-64 (G1370, G1384, G1393); S15-61 (G3189, G3279, G3346); S15-64 (G3314, G3348, G3349); S15-65 (G3117, G3138, G3139, G3274, G3327); S15-68 (G3062); S15-69 (G3067); S15-72 (G3059, G3060, G3065, G3069, G3350); S16-2 (G3376, G3377, G3383, G3384, G3389, G3391); S16-3 (G3379, G3385, G3388, G3395); S16-7 (G3375); S16-8 (G3368, G3417); S16-9 (G3396); S16- 10 (G3369); S16-12 (G3398); S16-14 (G3380). Note the two ITS2 clades of G. sotol." captionText-197="FIGURE 210. Holotype male of G. lightfooti. Female from Pima Co., AZ (S15-108). Note the presence of tegminal bars (arrow), especially on female." captionText-198="FIGURE 211. Calling song (R09-69) of G. lightfooti from Cochise Co., AZ (S09-55), recorded at 24°C." captionText-199="FIGURE 212. Known US distribution of G. lightfooti showing distribution of two16S DNA Clades. See discussion of DNA in Barcoding section (p. 16) of this paper." captionText-2="FIGURE 14. Head on view of male G. locorojo showing head stripes." captionText-20="FIGURE 32. Populations of G. pennsylvanicus studied by us." captionText-200="FIGURE 213. Holotype male of G. sotol. Female also from type locality (S17-4)." captionText-201="FIGURE 214. Calling song (R17-44) of G. sotol from type locality (S17-4), recorded at 24.1°C." captionText-202="FIGURE 215. Known distribution of G. sotol; known only from the type locality in NM despite extensive sampling of nearby regions." captionText-203="FIGURE 216. Holotype male (left) of G. transpecos. Female (right) also from Big Bend National Park (S07-37) near type locality." captionText-204="FIGURE 217. Calling song (R09-93) of G. transpecos from Culberson Co., TX (S09-64), recorded at 25°C." captionText-205="FIGURE 218. Regression hind femur length vs. ovipositor length in G. transpecos vs. G. montis." captionText-206="FIGURE 219. Known distribution of G. transpecos." captionText-207="FIGURE 220. Regression of teeth/mm vs. hind femur length in G. transpecos populations from Big Bend National Park (‘G. #24’) vs. Van Horn Pass (‘G. #16’)." captionText-21="FIGURE 33. Size differences, in G. pennsylvanicus, between northern (right) from Berrien Co., Michigan, and southern (left) from Saline Co., KS [S02-49])." captionText-22="FIGURE 34. Map of G. pennsylvanicus showing variation in file tooth number across the United States. File teeth range from 124 (Vancouver, S00-54)) to 223 (Oklahoma City, S02-48)." captionText-23="FIGURE 35. Long ovipositor G. pennsylvanicus from Saline Co., KS (S02-49)." captionText-24="FIGURE 36. Regression G. pennsylvanicus showing a weak correlation between number of file teeth and hind femur length, the latter a proxy for body size." captionText-25="FIGURE 37. Regression G. pennsylvanicus vs. G. veletis demonstrating longer ovipositors in the former taxa. Specimens from only the 6 localities discussed in text." captionText-26="FIGURE 38. Lectotype male, G. firmus, specimen and labels." captionText-27="FIGURE 39. Populations of G. firmus that we studied." captionText-28="FIGURE 40. Five second calling song in G. firmus: (R03-255) Gainesville, FL (S03-85), at 25°C." captionText-29="FIGURE 41. Color variation in Texas G. firmus: lighter, coastal specimens, with head stripes (2 upper photos and lower left), Cameron Co., TX, S07-26 vs. darker, inland specimen (lower right, Schulenburg, TX, S10-65)." captionText-3="FIGURE 15. Five second calling song of G. locorojo: (R12-3) commercial pet store, at 22°C." captionText-30="FIGURE 42. Egg hatch from single field collected G. firmus (S13-65) from near Schulenburg, TX, showing a mixed egg diapause pattern." captionText-31="FIGURE 43. Regression file tooth number vs. length hind femur in ‘G. #19’ vs. ‘G. near #19.’" captionText-32="FIGURE 44. Regression length ovipositor vs. length hind femur in ‘G. #19’ vs. ‘G. near #19.’" captionText-33="FIGURE 45. Regression body length vs. ovipositor length using combined data for G. firmus and G. pennsylvanicus from Larson et al. (2013)." captionText-34="FIGURE 46. Regression pronotal width vs. ovipositor length using combined data for G. firmus and G. pennsylvanicus from Larson et al. (2013)." captionText-35="FIGURE 47. Regression hind femur length vs. ovipositor length using combined data for G. firmus and G. pennsylvanicus from Larson et al. (2013)." captionText-36="FIGURE 48. Regression hind femur length vs. ovipositor length in G. firmus vs. G. pennsylvanicus." captionText-37="FIGURE 49. Regression cercus length vs. ovipositor length in G. firmus vs. G. pennsylvanicus." captionText-38="FIGURE 50. Regression cercus length vs. hind femur length in G. firmus vs. G. pennsylvanicus." captionText-39="FIGURE 51. Regression number of file teeth vs. pulse rate in G. firmus." captionText-4="FIGURE 16. One second spectrogram of G. locorojo, same male as in Fig. 15." captionText-40="FIGURE. 52. Regression number of file teeth vs. pulse rate in G. pennsylvanicus showing males with higher numbers of file teeth have lower pulse rates." captionText-41="FIGURE 53. Regression number of file teeth vs. pulse rate for combined comparison between G. firmus and G. pennsylvanicus." captionText-42="FIGURE 54. ITS2 gene tree. G. multipulsator sample: S03-41 (G577); G. assimilis samples: S10-64 (G1901); S16-12 (G3367, G3373); G. locorojo sample: type locality (Rainbow Mealworms); G. veintinueve samples: S02-39 (G134); S07-21 (G1139); S07-27 (G1140, G1211); S09-71 (G1451); OK, Love Co., Hwy 32 at Boggy Creek (2015-055)." captionText-43="FIGURE 55. Five second waveform (A) and one second spectrogram (B) of calling song (R09-89) of G. veintinueve from type locality (S09-71), recorded at 25°C." captionText-44="FIGURE 56. Regression width pronotum vs. length hind femur in G. veintinueve vs. sympatric G. veletis, showing near morphological separation." captionText-45="FIGURE 57. ITS2 gene tree. G. veintinueve samples: S02-39 (G134); S07-21 (G1139); S07-27 (G1140, G1211); S09-71 (G1451); OK, Love Co., Hwy 32 at Boggy Creek (2015-055). G. vernalis samples: S03-56 (G27, G1739); S03-62 (G31, G33). G. fultoni samples: S03-62 (G32, G34); S03-64 (G35), S07-22 (G1138). G. veletis samples: S03-58 (G39); S03-60 (G30); S15-9 (G2939); S15-16 (G2927, G2934); S15-21 (G2899); S15-24 (G2936); S15-25 (G2963, G2968, G2983); S15-53 (G3304, G3343)." captionText-46="FIGURE 58. Holotype male (left), G. veintinueve, paratype (middle) female (S09-71), and color variant (right) male (S02- 46)." captionText-47="FIGURE 59.. Known US distribution of G. veintinueve." captionText-48="FIGURE 60. Five second waveforms of calling songs of (A) G. assimilis and (B) G. multipulsator. (A) G. assimilis: (R13-231) Rio Hondo, TX (S13-44), at 25°C; (B) G. multipulsator: (R15-325) Pima Co., AZ (S15-108), at 25.4°C." captionText-49="FIGURE 61. One second spectrograms of G. assimilis (A) and G. multipulsator (B), same males as in Fig. 60." captionText-5="FIGURE 17. ITS2 gene tree. G. brevicaudus samples: S03-8 (G5); S16-1 (G3354, G3393); G. insularis samples: Guadalupe Island, Baja California Norte, Mexico; G. bryanti samples: Andros Island, Bahamas; G. alexanderi sample: Clarion Island, Colima, Mexico." captionText-50="FIGURE 62. ITS2 gene tree. G. assimilis samples: S10-64 (G1901); S16-12 (G3367, G3373); G. multipulsator sample: S03- 41 (G577); G. locorojo sample: type locality (Rainbow Mealworms); G. veintinueve samples: S02-39 (G134); S07-21 (G1139); S07-27 (G1140, G1211); S09-71 (G1451); OK, Love Co., Hwy 32 at Boggy Creek (2015-055)." captionText-51="FIGURE 63. Neotype male, Gryllus assimilis, photographs and labels." captionText-52="FIGURE 64. Color variation in G. assimilis from reddish female (left, Brackettville, TX, S10-63) to dark male (right, Quintana Roo, Mexico, S02-12). Note head narrower than pronotum and hirsute and dull pronotum surface." captionText-53="FIGURE 65. Top: Five second waveform of calling song of G. assimilis (R13-231) Rio Hondo, TX (S13-44), at 25°C; Bottom: One second waveform of same song showing individual pulses." captionText-54="FIGURE 66. Known US distribution, G. assimilis within native range (also found introduced in south Florida, see SINA: https://sina.orthsoc.org/)." captionText-55="FIGURE 67. Holotype male, Gryllus multipulsator, specimen and labels." captionText-56="FIGURE 68. Color variation in G. multipulsator, from reddish male (left, Riverside Co., CA, S03-41); brown female (middle, Santa Cruz Island, CA, S04-65); black male (right, Riverside Co., CA, S03-41)." captionText-57="FIGURE 69. Top: Five second waveform of calling song of G. multipulsator (R15-325) Pima Co., AZ (S15-108), at 25.4°C; Middle: One second waveform of same song showing individual pulses; Bottom: Expansion of an individual chirp showing decreasing pulse rate towards end of chirp." captionText-58="FIGURE 70. Known US distribution, G. multipulsator." captionText-59="FIGURE 72. One second spectrograms of (A) G. rubens, (B) G. texensis, and (C) G. regularis, same males as in Fig. 71." captionText-6="FIGURE 18. Holotype male, and labels, of G. brevicaudus." captionText-60="FIGURE 73. ITS2 gene tree. G. rubens samples: Orlando, FL (F122); Lake City & Ocala, FL (Genbank SRA, Berdan et al. 2016); G. regularis samples: S07-2 (G1101); S07-41 (G1085); S15-67 (G3154); S15-102 (G3280); G. texensis samples: S15-43 (G3048); S16-12 (G3382, G3403, G3404, G3421); Uvalde, TX (d102); Bastrop, TX (d1042)." captionText-61="FIGURE 74. Holotype female G. rubens, with labels." captionText-62="FIGURE 75. Regression of pronotum width vs. ovipositor length in the only two trilling eastern US taxa shows that holotype most consistent with G. rubens." captionText-63="FIGURE 76. Populations of G. rubens that we studied." captionText-64="FIGURE 77. One second waveform, pulse rate of 56, of calling song of G. rubens: (R13-220) Tulsa, OK (S13-68), at 25°C." captionText-65="FIGURE 78. Regression of number file teeth vs. hind femur length showing separation of sympatric G. rubens from G. texensis." captionText-66="FIGURE 79. Regression of number file teeth vs. teeth/mm showing separation of sympatric G. rubens from G. texensis." captionText-67="FIGURE 80. Color variation in G. rubens, all three individuals from Cape Girardeau Co., MO (S02-58)." captionText-68="FIGURE 81. Atypical G. rubens calling song: (R02-74) Cape Girardeau Co., MO (S02-58), at 26°C." captionText-69="FIGURE 82. Left: Regression of sympatric G. rubens and G. texensis from Tulsa, OK (S13-68) showing lack of separation in individuals for pulse rate vs. file teeth number. Right: Histogram of pulse rates of these same males." captionText-7="FIGURE 19. Top: Live male (Jasper Ridge, S92-44) G. brevicaudus showing distinctive yellow-orange markings that contrast with rest of black cricket. Bottom: Female from Palo Alto, CA (S87-33) showing short ovipositor." captionText-70="FIGURE 83. Neotype male, G. texensis, specimen and labels." captionText-71="FIGURE 84. One second waveform, pulse rate of 75, of calling song of G. texensis: (R13-224) Rio Hondo, TX (S13-44), at 26°C" captionText-72="FIGURE 85. Regression of file teeth number vs. hind femur in G. texensis vs. G. rubens showing overlap but lower number of teeth in latter." captionText-73="FIGURE 86. Regression of pronotum width vs. ovipositor length in G. texensis vs. G. rubens showing generally shorter ovipositor length in former." captionText-74="FIGURE 87. Regression of file teeth number vs. hind femur length in G. texensis vs. G. armatus showing overlap but generally more teeth in latter." captionText-75="FIGURE 88. Populations of US G. texensis that we studied." captionText-76="FIGURE 89. Color variation in G. texensis, both pictured individuals from Brackettville, TX (S10-63)." captionText-77="FIGURE 90. Regression of file teeth vs. teeth/mm showing separation of sympatric G. rubens from G. texensis." captionText-78="FIGURE 91. One second waveform, pulse rate of 39, of calling song of G. regularis (R99-211) from Sinaloa, MX (S99-86), recorded at 25.5°C" captionText-79="FIGURE 92. Regression of width pronotum vs. hind femur length in G. regularis vs. G. cohni showing narrower pronotum in the latter." captionText-8="FIGURE 20. Five second waveform (A) and one second spectrogram (B) of calling song (R03-8) of G. brevicaudus from San Benito Co., CA (S03-8), recorded at 24.5°C." captionText-80="FIGURE 93. Holotype male (left) and paratype female (right), both from the type locality (S07-61)" captionText-81="FIGURE 94. Known US distribution of G. regularis." captionText-82="FIGURE 95. G. regularis with subtle pairing of pulses (R11-167), from Yavapai Co., AZ (S11-105), at 21°C." captionText-83="FIGURE 96. Five second waveforms of typical calling songs of (A) G. integer, (B) G. armatus with introductory trill, and (C) G. armatus without introductory trill. (A) G. integer: (R16-60) Tulare Co., CA (S16-21), at 24.2°C; (B) G. armatus: (R15-177) Artesia, NM (S15-58), at 25.1°C; (C) G. armatus (2003-170) Bernalillo Co., NM, at 20.6°C." captionText-84="FIGURE 97. One second spectrograms of (A) G. integer, (B) G. armatus, and (C) G. armatus; same male recordings as in Fig. 96." captionText-85="FIGURE 98. ITS2 gene tree and distribution map for both G. armatus and G. integer showing both geographic separation and zone of possible hybridization. Collection stop numbers for G. armatus: S04-121 (G358, G359); S05-110 (G511, G512, G513, G515); S07-26 (G1165); S07-33 (G1077); S07-79 (G1228); S10-62 (G1918); S10-63 (G1899); S11-90 (G2172); S12- 36 (G2264); S12-104 (G2411); S13-18 (G2473); S13-46 (G2566); S15-54 (G3096, G3077, G3081); S15-71 (G3101, G3074); S15-73 (G3072); Albuquerque, NM (2003-175); Cordes Junction, AZ (2006-241); Agua Fria, AZ (2006-244). Collection stop numbers for G. integer: S03-100 (G58, G59); S04-36 (G243); S04-40 (G210); S0455 (G245, G246); S04-60 (G218); S04-128 (G370); S05-23 (G477); S05-99 (G499); S06-77 (G629); S09-109 (G1439); S09-114 (G1441, G1445); S11-72 (G2113, G2148); S11-73 (G2143); S12-116 (G2431); S15-80 (G3195, G3316); S15-91 (G3178, G3265); S15-95 (G3292); S16-21 (G3416); S17-6 (G3502, G3525); S16-5 (G3374, G3381); S16-12 (G3366); Hwy 276 mile 30 Sinclair Gas, Garfield Co., UT (2003-038, 2003-039, 2003-041); Winslow, AZ (2003-312, 2012-029, 2012-030, 2012-031, 2012-032)." captionText-86="FIGURE 99. Lectotype male, G. integer, specimen and labels." captionText-87="FIGURE 100. Known US distribution, G. integer, along with sister species G. armatus, showing zone of possible hybridization in the Four Corners area." captionText-88="FIGURE 101. Five second waveform of typical calling song of G. integer (R16-60) Tulare Co., CA (S16-21), at 24.2°C." captionText-89="FIGURE 102. One second waveform of typical calling song of G. integer (R16-60) Tulare Co., CA (S16-21), at 24.2°C revealing the typical fast 3 pulse/chirp structure." captionText-9="FIGURE 21. Known distribution for G. brevicaudus. Star shows type locality." captionText-90="FIGURE 103. Anomalous song (top) of G. integer (R98-123) Churchill Co., NV (S98-95), at 25°C, without distinctive 3 pulse chirp structure. Spectrogram (bottom) of same male, but note different time scale." captionText-91="FIGURE 104. 16S gene tree with G. integer samples in blue and G. armatus samples in purple. Locality information follows all ID numbers. Note the two 16S clades within G. armatus." captionText-92="FIGURE 105. Lectotype male, G. armatus, specimen and labels." captionText-93="FIGURE 106. Known US distribution, G. armatus, along with sister species G. integer, showing zone of possible hybridization in the Four Corners area." captionText-94="FIGURE 107. Five second waveforms of typical calling songs G. armatus with (top) an introductory trill (R15-177) Artesia, NM (S15-58), at 25.1°C, and without (bottom) (2003-170) Bernalillo Co., NM, at 20.6°C." captionText-95="FIGURE 108. One second waveforms of typical calling song of G. armatus, same males as in Fig. 107, showing presence (top) and absence (bottom) of an introductory trill in a burst." captionText-96="FIGURE 109. Atypical, irregular trill calling song of G. armatus (R05-43) Baker, CA (S05-110), at 21.5°C. Top: 5 sec. waveform; Bottom: 1 sec. spectrogram." captionText-97="FIGURE 110. Atypical calling song of G. armatus (R13-52) Bisbee, AZ, at 24°C, with introductory trill followed by 2-10 pulse chirps. Top: 5 sec. waveform; Bottom: 1 sec. spectrogram." captionText-98="FIGURE 111. Color variation seen in second generation (summer) G. armatus, with both pictured male individuals from Baker, CA (S05-110)." captionText-99="FIGURE 112. Dark colored male G. armatus from Cornudas, TX (S01-65, R01-177)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563811" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563703" figureDoi-10="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563719" figureDoi-100="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563894" figureDoi-101="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563896" figureDoi-102="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3616147" figureDoi-103="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563898" figureDoi-104="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563900" figureDoi-105="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563902" figureDoi-106="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563904" figureDoi-107="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563906" figureDoi-108="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563908" figureDoi-109="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563910" figureDoi-11="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563723" figureDoi-110="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563912" figureDoi-111="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563914" figureDoi-112="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563916" 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httpUri-66="https://zenodo.org/record/3563827/files/figure.png" httpUri-67="https://zenodo.org/record/3563829/files/figure.png" httpUri-68="https://zenodo.org/record/3563831/files/figure.png" httpUri-69="https://zenodo.org/record/3563833/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/3563713/files/figure.png" httpUri-70="https://zenodo.org/record/3563835/files/figure.png" httpUri-71="https://zenodo.org/record/3563837/files/figure.png" httpUri-72="https://zenodo.org/record/3563839/files/figure.png" httpUri-73="https://zenodo.org/record/3563841/files/figure.png" httpUri-74="https://zenodo.org/record/3563843/files/figure.png" httpUri-75="https://zenodo.org/record/3563845/files/figure.png" httpUri-76="https://zenodo.org/record/3563847/files/figure.png" httpUri-77="https://zenodo.org/record/3563849/files/figure.png" httpUri-78="https://zenodo.org/record/3563851/files/figure.png" httpUri-79="https://zenodo.org/record/3563853/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/3563715/files/figure.png" httpUri-80="https://zenodo.org/record/3616133/files/figure.png" httpUri-81="https://zenodo.org/record/3563855/files/figure.png" httpUri-82="https://zenodo.org/record/3563857/files/figure.png" httpUri-83="https://zenodo.org/record/3563859/files/figure.png" httpUri-84="https://zenodo.org/record/3563861/files/figure.png" httpUri-85="https://zenodo.org/record/3563863/files/figure.png" httpUri-86="https://zenodo.org/record/3563865/files/figure.png" httpUri-87="https://zenodo.org/record/3563867/files/figure.png" httpUri-88="https://zenodo.org/record/3563869/files/figure.png" httpUri-89="https://zenodo.org/record/3563871/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/3563717/files/figure.png" httpUri-90="https://zenodo.org/record/3563873/files/figure.png" httpUri-91="https://zenodo.org/record/3563875/files/figure.png" httpUri-92="https://zenodo.org/record/3563877/files/figure.png" httpUri-93="https://zenodo.org/record/3563879/files/figure.png" httpUri-94="https://zenodo.org/record/3563883/files/figure.png" httpUri-95="https://zenodo.org/record/3563885/files/figure.png" httpUri-96="https://zenodo.org/record/3563887/files/figure.png" httpUri-97="https://zenodo.org/record/3563889/files/figure.png" httpUri-98="https://zenodo.org/record/3563891/files/figure.png" httpUri-99="https://zenodo.org/record/3616139/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Fig. 71, R13-220</figureCitation>
|
||
) of only two trilling
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E89D762E0933FFC0527EFAFA0214FAD8" box="[799,835,1320,1346]" name="United States of America" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">US</collectingCountry>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0933FFC0522AFAFA02C8FAD8" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[843,927,1320,1346]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0933FFC0522AFAFA02C8FAD8" box="[843,927,1320,1346]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Gryllus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
found between 99° longitude (central
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0933FFC05433FAFA04C2FAD8" box="[1362,1429,1320,1346]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
) and the Atlantic coast. See
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0933FFC050A7FA9E033FFAFC" author="Walker, T. J." box="[454,616,1356,1382]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" refId="ref168163" refString="Walker, T. J. (2019) Singing insects of North America. Available from: https: // sina. orthsoc. org / (accessed 17 September 2019)" type="url" year="2019">Walker (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0933FFC053FFFA9E0270FAFC" author="Gray, D. A." box="[670,807,1356,1382]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="195 - 209" refId="ref160795" refString="Gray, D. A. (2011) Speciation, divergence, and the origin of Gryllus rubens: behavior, morphology, and molecules. Insects, 2, 195 - 209. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / insects 2020195" type="journal article" year="2011">Gray (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for additional eastern localities.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE0933FFC051A6FAA201B7F9A4" blockId="82.[151,1437,1320,2030]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0933FFC051A6FAA2031EFA13" box="[199,585,1392,1418]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Recognition characters and song.</emphasis>
|
||
Medium sized, short or long hind winged crickets with an average
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0933FFC05438FAA2042CFA10" box="[1369,1403,1392,1418]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">PR</collectingRegion>
|
||
of ~55 at 25°. Distinguished from morphologically similar and trilling, sometimes sympatric,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0933FFC055C5FA460476FA37" box="[1188,1313,1428,1454]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0933FFC055C5FA460476FA37" box="[1188,1313,1428,1454]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">G. texensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in that the latter has an average
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0933FFC050E4FA6A00F0FA48" box="[389,423,1464,1490]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">PR</collectingRegion>
|
||
of ~80 at 25° (
|
||
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0933FFC05330FA6A03FEFA48" box="[593,681,1464,1490]" captionStart="FIGURE 71" captionStartId="83.[151,250,1875,1900]" captionTargetBox="[159,1383,300,1833]" captionTargetId="figure@83.[151,1435,265,1855]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 71. Five second waveforms of calling songs of (A) G. rubens, (B) G. texensis, and (C) G. regularis. (A) G. rubens: (R13-220) Tulsa, OK (S13-68), at 25°C; (B) G. texensis: (R13-224) Rio Hondo, TX (S13-44), at 26°C; (C) G. regularis (R99- 211) Sinaloa, MX (S99-86), at 25.5°C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563811" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563811/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Figs 71</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0933FFC053D4FA6A0383FA48" box="[693,724,1464,1490]" captionStart="FIGURE 84" captionStartId="91.[151,250,1469,1494]" captionTargetBox="[160,1384,1030,1415]" captionTargetId="figure@91.[151,1435,983,1449]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURE 84. One second waveform, pulse rate of 75, of calling song of G. texensis: (R13-224) Rio Hondo, TX (S13-44), at 26°C" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563837/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">84</figureCitation>
|
||
), more teeth in the file (
|
||
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0933FFC05283FA6A056EFA48" box="[994,1081,1464,1490]" captionStart="FIGURE 78" captionStartId="88.[151,250,1714,1739]" captionTargetBox="[151,1413,901,1695]" captionTargetId="figure@88.[151,1435,901,1695]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 78. Regression of number file teeth vs. hind femur length showing separation of sympatric G. rubens from G. texensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563825" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563825/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Figs 78</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0933FFC05527FA6A0532FA48" box="[1094,1125,1464,1490]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="89.[151,250,1339,1364]" captionTargetBox="[151,1418,507,1317]" captionTargetId="figure@89.[151,1435,507,1317]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="FIGURE 79. Regression of number file teeth vs. teeth/mm showing separation of sympatric G. rubens from G. texensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563827" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563827/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">79</figureCitation>
|
||
), a shorter ovipositor (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0933FFC05402FA6A0041FA6C" author="Gray, D. A. & Walker, T. J. & Conley, B. E. & Cade, W. H." pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="314 - 315" refId="ref161078" refString="Gray, D. A., Walker, T. J., Conley, B. E. & Cade, W. H. (2001) A morphological means of distinguishing females of the cryptic field cricket species, Gryllus rubens and G. texensis (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Florida Entomologist, 84, 314 - 315. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3496190" type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Gray
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0933FFC051F6FA0E019DFA6C" box="[151,202,1500,1526]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and frequently, but not always, shorter bursts of pulses. Pulse rate at a given temperature faster, but with greater separation from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0933FFC05083F9D20309F983" box="[482,606,1536,1562]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0933FFC05083F9D20309F983" box="[482,606,1536,1562]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">G. texensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in the late summer/fall generation than in the spring generation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0933FFC0542BF9D20184F9A4" author="Walker, T. J." pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="175 - 184" refId="ref167990" refString="Walker, T. J. (1998) Trilling field crickets in a zone of overlap (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllus). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 91, 175 - 184. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 91.2.175" type="journal article" year="1998">Walker 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE0933FFC051A6F99A032FF88C" blockId="82.[151,1437,1320,2030]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
Along coastal
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0933FFC05007F99A00FDF9F8" box="[358,426,1608,1634]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
, in 2013, we found no overlap in dominant frequency, in many males, which was <5000 Hz in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0933FFC051D4F9BE0073F91C" authorityName="Scudder. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[181,292,1644,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0933FFC051D4F9BE0073F91C" box="[181,292,1644,1670]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">G. rubens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but>5000 HZ in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0933FFC05093F9BE0339F91F" box="[498,622,1644,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0933FFC05093F9BE0339F91F" box="[498,622,1644,1670]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">G. texensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Yet around
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0933FFC0539FF9BE0269F91C" box="[766,830,1644,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Tulsa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tulsa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0933FFC0522BF9BE02E8F91C" box="[842,959,1644,1670]" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Oklahoma</collectingRegion>
|
||
(S13-68), there is overlap and we wonder if this might reflect hybridization, environmental effects during development, or both. Additionally, Blankers (pers. comm.) stated that dominant frequency values that he used in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0933FFC0522FF9660514F954" author="Blankers, T. & Hennig, R. M. & Gray, D." box="[846,1091,1715,1742]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="630 - 641" refId="ref158779" refString="Blankers, T., Hennig, R. M. & Gray, D. (2015) Conservation of multivariate female preference functions and preference mechanisms in three species of trilling field crickets. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 28, 630 - 641. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jeb. 12599" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Blankers
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0933FFC052D8F96602A6F954" box="[953,1009,1716,1742]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
had a range of 4.18–5.88 KHz in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0933FFC051D5F90A0075F968" authorityName="Scudder. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[180,290,1752,1778]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0933FFC051D5F90A0075F968" box="[180,290,1752,1778]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">G. rubens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 4.66–5.56 KHz in
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0933FFC05346F90A03FEF96B" box="[551,681,1752,1778]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0933FFC05346F90A03F2F96B" box="[551,677,1752,1778]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texensis">G. texensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Unfortunately, these measured males were all from laboratory generations with unknown effects on the song.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE0933FFC051A6F8F20307F8C4" blockId="82.[151,1437,1320,2030]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0933FFC051A6F8F200FAF8A3" box="[199,429,1824,1850]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Derivation of name.</emphasis>
|
||
“rubens” apparently for the general reddish and rufo-testaceous markings on Scudder’s unique, long tegmina female specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE0933FFC151A6F8BA004FFF4D" blockId="82.[151,1437,1320,2030]" lastBlockId="83.[151,1436,152,215]" lastPageId="83" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0933FFC051A6F8BA00CAF81B" box="[199,413,1896,1922]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Geographic range.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0933FFC050CCF8BA0356F818" box="[429,513,1895,1922]" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="87.[151,250,1762,1787]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,471,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@87.[151,1435,471,1739]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="FIGURE 76. Populations of G. rubens that we studied." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563821" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563821/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Fig. 76</figureCitation>
|
||
.) Most of our collection localities are near the western and northwestern boundaries of
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0933FFC051BAF85E0004F83C" box="[219,339,1932,1958]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">G. rubens’</emphasis>
|
||
distribution. See
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0933FFC05376F85E03C8F83C" author="Gray, D. A." box="[535,671,1932,1958]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="195 - 209" refId="ref160795" refString="Gray, D. A. (2011) Speciation, divergence, and the origin of Gryllus rubens: behavior, morphology, and molecules. Insects, 2, 195 - 209. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / insects 2020195" type="journal article" year="2011">Gray (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0933FFC053B4F85E0221F83C" author="Walker, T. J." box="[725,886,1932,1958]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" refId="ref168163" refString="Walker, T. J. (2019) Singing insects of North America. Available from: https: // sina. orthsoc. org / (accessed 17 September 2019)" type="url" year="2019">Walker (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for more complete eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E89D762E0933FFC055C9F85E059BF83C" box="[1192,1228,1932,1958]" name="United States of America" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">US</collectingCountry>
|
||
distribution maps. Our most western locality is Bastrop State Park (S91-23),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0933FFC05243F8620231F850" box="[802,870,1968,1994]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
, where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0933FFC052DDF862057DF850" authorityName="Scudder. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[956,1066,1968,1994]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0933FFC052DDF862057DF850" box="[956,1066,1968,1994]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">G. rubens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurred with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0933FFC055B2F8620419F853" box="[1235,1358,1968,1994]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0933FFC055B2F8620419F853" box="[1235,1358,1968,1994]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">G. texensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. There we collected one male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0933FFC050FFF8060359F874" authorityName="Scudder. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[414,526,2004,2030]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0933FFC050FFF8060359F874" box="[414,526,2004,2030]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">G. rubens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(R91-39) with a PR of 53 at 25°C and with 100 file teeth and three
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0933FFC05441F80604CAF877" box="[1312,1437,2004,2030]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0933FFC05441F80604CAF877" box="[1312,1437,2004,2030]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">G. texensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(R91-5, 6, 7) with PRs from 80–100 at 25°C and with 110–121 file teeth. We could not distinguish these two songs in the field.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C4F566360932FFC151F6F8810376F82E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563811" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563811" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563811/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" startId="83.[151,250,1875,1900]" targetBox="[159,1383,300,1833]" targetPageId="83">
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE0932FFC151F6F8810376F82E" blockId="83.[151,1436,1875,1972]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0932FFC151F6F8810076F8F6" bold="true" box="[151,289,1875,1900]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">FIGURE 71.</emphasis>
|
||
Five second waveforms of calling songs of (A)
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0932FFC15271F886022CF8F6" box="[784,891,1876,1900]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0932FFC15271F8860220F8F6" authorityName="Scudder. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[784,887,1876,1900]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">G. rubens</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(B)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0932FFC152CAF886054CF8F1" box="[939,1051,1876,1899]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0932FFC152CAF886054CF8F1" box="[939,1051,1876,1899]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">G. texensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and (C)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0932FFC1551CF88605AEF8F6" authorityName="Weissman & Gray" authorityYear="2019" box="[1149,1273,1876,1900]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0932FFC1551CF88605AEF8F6" box="[1149,1273,1876,1900]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">G. regularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (A)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0932FFC15451F88604C2F8F6" authorityName="Scudder. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[1328,1429,1876,1900]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0932FFC15451F88604C2F8F6" box="[1328,1429,1876,1900]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">G. rubens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (R13-220)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0932FFC15066F8A50016F80A" box="[263,321,1911,1936]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Tulsa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tulsa</taxonomicName>
|
||
, OK (S13-68), at 25°C; (B)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0932FFC15300F8AA0386F815" box="[609,721,1912,1935]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0932FFC15300F8AA0386F815" box="[609,721,1912,1935]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">G. texensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (R13-224) Rio Hondo, TX (S13-44), at 26°C; (C)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0932FFC155BEF8AA040DF80A" authorityName="Weissman & Gray" authorityYear="2019" box="[1247,1370,1912,1936]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0932FFC155BEF8AA040DF80A" box="[1247,1370,1912,1936]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">G. regularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(R99- 211) Sinaloa, MX (S99-86), at 25.5°C.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="C4F566360935FFC651F6F8B90432F81E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563813" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563813" box="[151,1381,1899,1925]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563813/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" startId="84.[151,250,1899,1924]" targetBox="[157,1383,270,1789]" targetPageId="84">
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE0935FFC651F6F8B90432F81E" blockId="84.[151,1381,1899,1925]" box="[151,1381,1899,1925]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0935FFC651F6F8B90077F81E" bold="true" box="[151,288,1899,1924]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">FIGURE 72.</emphasis>
|
||
One second spectrograms of (A)
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0935FFC65317F8BF03B7F81E" box="[630,736,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0935FFC65317F8BF038BF81E" authorityName="Scudder. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[630,732,1900,1924]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">G. rubens</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(B)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0935FFC6526FF8BF022AF81E" box="[782,893,1901,1924]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0935FFC6526FF8BF022AF81E" box="[782,893,1901,1924]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">G. texensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and (C)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0935FFC652BCF8BF050FF81E" authorityName="Weissman & Gray" authorityYear="2019" box="[989,1112,1900,1924]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0935FFC652BCF8BF050FF81E" box="[989,1112,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">G. regularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, same males as in Fig. 71.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="C4F566360934FFC751F6FDA8051CFD41" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563815" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563815" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563815/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" startId="85.[151,250,634,659]" targetBox="[151,1382,166,596]" targetPageId="85">
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE0934FFC751F6FDA8051CFD41" blockId="85.[151,1437,634,731]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0934FFC751F6FDA80076FD09" bold="true" box="[151,289,634,659]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">FIGURE 73.</emphasis>
|
||
ITS2 gene tree.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0934FFC750AFFDA80361FD09" authorityName="Scudder. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[462,566,634,659]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0934FFC750AFFDA80361FD09" bold="true" box="[462,566,634,659]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">G. rubens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
samples: Orlando, FL (F122); Lake City & Ocala, FL (Genbank SRA,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0934FFC75479FDA80199FD2D" author="Berdan, E. L. & Blankers, T. & Waurick, I. & Mazzoni, C. J. & Mayer, F." pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="1478 - 1490" refId="ref158372" refString="Berdan, E. L., Blankers, T., Waurick, I., Mazzoni, C. J. & Mayer, F. (2016) A genes eye view of ontogeny: de novo assembly and profiling of the Gryllus rubens transcriptome. Molecular Ecology Resources, 16 (6), 1478 - 1490. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / 1755 - 0998.12530" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Berdan
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0934FFC75409FDA904C1FD08" box="[1384,1430,634,658]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0934FFC751BEFD4C000DFD2D" authorityName="Weissman & Gray" authorityYear="2019" box="[223,346,670,695]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0934FFC751BEFD4C000DFD2D" bold="true" box="[223,346,670,695]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">G. regularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
samples: S07-2 (G1101); S07-41 (G1085); S15-67 (G3154); S15-102 (G3280);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0934FFC7551EFD4C05A7FD2C" box="[1151,1264,670,694]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0934FFC7551EFD4C05A7FD2C" bold="true" box="[1151,1264,670,694]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">G. texensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
samples: S15-43 (G3048); S16-12 (G3382, G3403, G3404, G3421); Uvalde, TX (d102); Bastrop, TX (d1042).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="C4F566360934FFC751F6F92603EBF897" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563817" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563817" box="[151,700,1780,1805]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563817/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" startId="85.[151,250,1780,1805]" targetBox="[190,1426,792,1754]" targetPageId="85">
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE0934FFC751F6F92603EBF897" blockId="85.[151,700,1780,1805]" box="[151,700,1780,1805]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0934FFC751F6F9260077F897" bold="true" box="[151,288,1780,1805]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">FIGURE 74.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0934FFC750B7F927036BF897" authorityName="Scudder. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[470,572,1781,1805]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">G. rubens</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with labels.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE0934FFC751A6F88D0521F87C" blockId="85.[151,1437,1887,2022]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0934FFC751A6F88D0073F8E3" box="[199,292,1887,1913]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Lawns, pastures, and grassy roadsides.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0934FFC751A6F8510309F807" box="[199,606,1923,1949]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Life cycle and seasonal occurrence.</emphasis>
|
||
No egg diapause. Two generations/year even at the northern extremes of its range (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0934FFC75068F87500AEF85B" author="Capinera, J. L. & Scott, R. D. & Walker, T. J." box="[265,505,1959,1986]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref159432" refString="Capinera, J. L., Scott, R. D. & Walker, T. J. (2004) Field guide to grasshoppers, katydids, and crickets of the United States. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 249 pp." type="book" year="2004">
|
||
Capinera
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0934FFC75018F87A00FBF85B" box="[377,428,1959,1985]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Adult peak abundances in spring and fall, representing the separate generations. Continuous generations in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0934FFC750A5F8190342F87F" box="[452,533,1995,2021]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0934FFC75345F8190206F87C" author="Velez, M. J. & Brockmann, H. J." box="[548,849,1995,2022]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="439 - 448" refId="ref167280" refString="Velez, M. J. & Brockmann, H. J. (2006) Seasonal variation in selection on male calling song in the field cricket, Gryllus rubens. Animal Behaviour, 72, 439 - 448. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. anbehav. 2006.02.002" type="journal article" year="2006">Vélez & Brockmann 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Can be locally common.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C4F566360937FFC451F6FC2A008EFBAF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563819" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563819" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563819/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" startId="86.[151,250,1016,1041]" targetBox="[154,1411,174,975]" targetPageId="86">
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE0937FFC451F6FC2A008EFBAF" blockId="86.[151,1437,1016,1077]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC451F6FC2A0076FB8B" bold="true" box="[151,289,1016,1041]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">FIGURE 75.</emphasis>
|
||
Regression of pronotum width vs. ovipositor length in the only two trilling eastern US taxa shows that holotype most consistent with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0937FFC4500FFBCF0082FBAF" authorityName="Scudder. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[366,469,1053,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">G. rubens</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE0937FFC451A6FBB60220FA97" blockId="86.[151,1437,1122,2014]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC451A6FBB60060FBE7" box="[199,311,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC4505EFBB0034CFBE7" bold="true" box="[319,539,1122,1149]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Hind wing length:</emphasis>
|
||
Populations variable for short and long hind winged individuals of both sexes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0937FFC451FEFB550022FB3B" author="Veazey, J. N. & Kay, C. A. R. & Walker, T. J. & Whitcomb, W. H." box="[159,373,1159,1186]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="374 - 380" refId="ref167156" refString="Veazey, J. N., Kay, C. A. R., Walker, T. J. & Whitcomb, W. H. (1976) Seasonal abundance, sex ratio, and macroptery of field crickets in northern Florida. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 69, 374 - 380. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 69.2.374" type="journal article" year="1976">
|
||
Veazey
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC45198FB5A007CFB3B" box="[249,299,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1976
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0937FFC450E0FB550342FB3B" author="Walker, T. J." box="[385,533,1159,1185]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="547 - 560" refId="ref167944" refString="Walker, T. J. (1987) Wing dimorphism in Gryllus rubens (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 80, 547 - 560. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 80.5.547" type="journal article" year="1987">Walker 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC45348FB540320FB3B" bold="true" box="[553,631,1158,1185]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Color:</emphasis>
|
||
Within a population (e.g. S02-58,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0937FFC45560FB55053EFB38" box="[1025,1129,1159,1186]" country="United States of America" name="Missouri" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Missouri</collectingRegion>
|
||
), individuals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0937FFC45468FB55040BFB3B" box="[1289,1372,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 80" captionStartId="90.[151,250,801,826]" captionTargetBox="[151,1387,166,765]" captionTargetId="figure@90.[151,1410,166,781]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 80. Color variation in G. rubens, all three individuals from Cape Girardeau Co., MO (S02-58)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563829" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563829/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 80</figureCitation>
|
||
) may have black hind femurs and tegmina compared to more typical brown/reddish ones.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC45520FB790594FB5F" bold="true" box="[1089,1219,1195,1221]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Pronotum:</emphasis>
|
||
Usually very shiny in males, possibly less so in females.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC45358FB1C032AFB73" bold="true" box="[569,637,1230,1257]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Song:</emphasis>
|
||
Usually an evenly spaced trill but one male from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0937FFC455CBFB1D0447FB73" box="[1194,1296,1231,1257]" country="United States of America" name="Missouri" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Missouri</collectingRegion>
|
||
, with 95 file teeth, (
|
||
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0937FFC45185FB210061FA97" box="[228,310,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 81" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1453,1478]" captionTargetBox="[159,1365,902,1402]" captionTargetId="figure@90.[151,1413,847,1433]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 81. Atypical G. rubens calling song: (R02-74) Cape Girardeau Co., MO (S02-58), at 26°C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563831/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 81</figureCitation>
|
||
, R02-74, S02-58) with variable grouping of pulses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE0937FFC451A6FACA007BF903" blockId="86.[151,1437,1122,2014]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC451A6FACA00EEFAAB" box="[199,441,1303,1330]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
|
||
(Total:
|
||
<specimenCount id="868CFD370937FFC45374FAC40311FAAB" box="[533,582,1302,1329]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="male">54♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount id="868CFD370937FFC4532EFAC503D5FAAB" box="[591,642,1303,1329]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="female">27♀</specimenCount>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC453F8FAC40243FAAB" bold="true" box="[665,788,1302,1329]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Arkansas:</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC4527CFAC502E4FAA8" box="[797,947,1303,1330]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Garland Co.,</emphasis>
|
||
Jessieville,
|
||
<date id="E434107E0937FFC4555EFAC505E9FAAB" box="[1087,1214,1303,1329]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1993-06-19">19-vi-1993</date>
|
||
, 750’ (S93-46)
|
||
<specimenCount id="868CFD370937FFC45413FAC504CFFAAB" box="[1394,1432,1303,1329]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30937FFC451F6FAE903BFFACF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588014" box="[151,744,1339,1366]" collectingDate="1993-06-19" county="Yell Co." location="Dardonelle" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC451F6FAE901AFFACC" box="[151,248,1339,1366]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="79544E320937FFC451F6FAE901A4FACC" box="[151,243,1339,1366]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Yell Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="955560650937FFC45060FAE900D7FACF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182387A80933FFCB51F6FC070013FE49:955560650937FFC45060FAE900D7FACF" box="[257,384,1339,1365]" county="Yell Co." name="Dardonelle" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Dardonelle</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="E434107E0937FFC450EFFAE9035AFACF" box="[398,525,1339,1365]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1993-06-19">
|
||
<collectingDate id="F470E9960937FFC450EFFAE9035AFACF" box="[398,525,1339,1365]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1993-06-19">19-vi-1993</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 400’ (S93-48)
|
||
<specimenCount id="868CFD370937FFC453A3FAE903BFFACF" box="[706,744,1339,1365]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30937FFC45394FAE80003FAE0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588072" collectingDate="1986-10-02" collectorName="TJ Walker" location="Florida" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" specimenCount="27" specimenCount-female="7" specimenCount-male="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC45394FAE80200FACF" bold="true" box="[757,855,1338,1365]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<location id="955560650937FFC45394FAE80205FACF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182387A80933FFCB51F6FC070013FE49:955560650937FFC45394FAE80205FACF" box="[757,850,1338,1365]" name="Florida" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Florida</location>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0937FFC45200FAE905D6FACF" authority="Co., Gainesville" authorityName="Co., Gainesville" box="[865,1153,1339,1366]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Alachua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC45200FAE902A1FACC" box="[865,1014,1339,1366]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Alachua Co.,</emphasis>
|
||
Gainesville
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="E434107E0937FFC455EEFAE905A1FACF" box="[1167,1270,1339,1365]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1986-10-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="F470E9960937FFC455EEFAE905A1FACF" box="[1167,1270,1339,1365]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1986-10-02">2-x-1986</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(S86-128),
|
||
<collectorName id="3D7F53680937FFC454E1FAEE01BEFAE3" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">TJ Walker</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="868CFD370937FFC45194FA8D0071FAE3" box="[245,294,1375,1401]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="male">20♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount id="868CFD370937FFC4504FFAB20003FAE0" box="[302,340,1376,1402]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="female">7♀</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30937FFC45001FA8C0413FAE3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588049" box="[352,1348,1374,1402]" collectingDate="2003-06-04" county="Warrick Co." elevation="4" location="Indiana" municipality="Dale" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC45001FA8C0090FAE3" bold="true" box="[352,455,1374,1401]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<location id="955560650937FFC45001FA8C0095FAE3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182387A80933FFCB51F6FC070013FE49:955560650937FFC45001FA8C0095FAE3" box="[352,450,1374,1401]" county="Warrick Co." municipality="Dale" name="Indiana" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Indiana</location>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC450AEFA8D0308FAE0" box="[463,607,1375,1402]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="79544E320937FFC450AEFA8D030DFAE0" box="[463,602,1375,1402]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Warrick Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="57729B5B0937FFC45306FA8D03C4FAE0" box="[615,659,1375,1402]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" unit="m" value="4.0">
|
||
<elevation id="1BA7D18D0937FFC45306FA8D03C4FAE0" box="[615,659,1375,1402]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
S
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="7051ACC40937FFC453D3FA8D03B0FAE3" box="[690,743,1375,1401]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Dale</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
<date id="E434107E0937FFC4538EFA8D0237FAE3" box="[751,864,1375,1401]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2003-06-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="F470E9960937FFC4538EFA8D0237FAE3" box="[751,864,1375,1401]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2003-06-04">4-vi-2003</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 650’, 38° 7.228’ -87° 1.591’ (S03-61)
|
||
<specimenCount id="868CFD370937FFC4547FFA8D0413FAE3" box="[1310,1348,1375,1401]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30937FFC45431FA8D02C8FA07" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588059" collectingDate="2004-05-30" county="Prince George Co." location="Maryland" municipality="College Park" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC45431FA8D0182FA07" bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<location id="955560650937FFC45431FA8D0187FA07" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182387A80933FFCB51F6FC070013FE49:955560650937FFC45431FA8D0187FA07" county="Prince George Co." municipality="College Park" name="Maryland" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Maryland</location>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC451BAFA5600E4FA04" box="[219,435,1412,1438]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="79544E320937FFC451BAFA5600F9FA04" box="[219,430,1412,1438]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Prince George Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="7051ACC40937FFC450D8FA51031BFA07" box="[441,588,1411,1437]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">College Park</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="E434107E0937FFC45336FA510399FA07" box="[599,718,1411,1437]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2004-05-30">
|
||
<collectingDate id="F470E9960937FFC45336FA510399FA07" box="[599,718,1411,1437]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2004-05-30">30-v-2004</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 500’ (S04-35)
|
||
<specimenCount id="868CFD370937FFC45218FA5102C8FA07" box="[889,927,1411,1437]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30937FFC452C8FA500344FA5B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588041" collectingDate="2002-08-09" county="Cape Girardeau Co." location="Missouri" municipality="Millersville" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" specimenCount="15" specimenCount-female="9" specimenCount-male="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC452C8FA50054BFA07" bold="true" box="[937,1052,1410,1437]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<location id="955560650937FFC452C8FA500540FA07" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182387A80933FFCB51F6FC070013FE49:955560650937FFC452C8FA500540FA07" box="[937,1047,1410,1437]" county="Cape Girardeau Co." municipality="Millersville" name="Missouri" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Missouri</location>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC45543FA56045AFA04" box="[1058,1293,1411,1438]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="79544E320937FFC45543FA56045FFA04" box="[1058,1288,1411,1438]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Cape Girardeau Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="7051ACC40937FFC45472FA5104CEFA07" box="[1299,1433,1411,1437]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Millersville</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="E434107E0937FFC451F6FA75004FFA5B" box="[151,280,1447,1473]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2002-08-09">
|
||
<collectingDate id="F470E9960937FFC451F6FA75004FFA5B" box="[151,280,1447,1473]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2002-08-09">9-viii-2002</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 320’ (S02-58)
|
||
<specimenCount id="868CFD370937FFC450A4FA7500BFFA5B" box="[453,488,1447,1473]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="male">6♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount id="868CFD370937FFC4508FFA750344FA5B" box="[494,531,1447,1473]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="female">9♀</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0937FFC45341FA7A0250FA5B" authority="Co., Pilot Knob" authorityName="Co., Pilot Knob" box="[544,775,1447,1474]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Iron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC45341FA7A03D3FA58" box="[544,644,1448,1474]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Iron Co.,</emphasis>
|
||
Pilot Knob
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="E434107E0937FFC45273FA7502C4FA5B" box="[786,915,1447,1473]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2002-08-09">9-viii-2002</date>
|
||
, 840’ (S02-57)
|
||
<specimenCount id="868CFD370937FFC45521FA750534FA5B" box="[1088,1123,1447,1473]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount id="868CFD370937FFC4550BFA7505D9FA5B" box="[1130,1166,1447,1473]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30937FFC455FBFA74033EFA7F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588004" collectingDate="2009-07-01" county="Texas Co." location="Oklahoma" municipality="Guymon" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC455FBFA740475FA5B" bold="true" box="[1178,1314,1446,1473]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<location id="955560650937FFC455FBFA74044BFA5B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182387A80933FFCB51F6FC070013FE49:955560650937FFC455FBFA74044BFA5B" box="[1178,1308,1446,1473]" county="Texas Co." municipality="Guymon" name="Oklahoma" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Oklahoma</location>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC45449FA7A04CBFA58" box="[1320,1436,1448,1474]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="79544E320937FFC45449FA7A04C0FA58" box="[1320,1431,1448,1474]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Texas Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="7051ACC40937FFC451F6FA1901ABFA7F" box="[151,252,1483,1509]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Guymon</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="E434107E0937FFC45068FA1900D5FA7F" box="[265,386,1483,1509]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2009-07-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="F470E9960937FFC45068FA1900D5FA7F" box="[265,386,1483,1509]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2009-07-01">1-vii-2009</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 3380’ (S09-77)
|
||
<specimenCount id="868CFD370937FFC45325FA19033EFA7F" box="[580,617,1483,1509]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0937FFC45316FA19028AFA7C" authority="Co., Lake Keystone Dam" authorityName="Co., Lake Keystone Dam" box="[631,989,1483,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Tulsa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC45316FA1903BCFA7C" box="[631,747,1483,1510]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Tulsa Co.,</emphasis>
|
||
Lake Keystone Dam
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
area,
|
||
<date id="E434107E0937FFC45544FA1905CBFA7F" box="[1061,1180,1483,1509]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2001-05-22">22-v-2001</date>
|
||
, 650’, 36° 9.092’ -96° 15.043’ (S01-47)
|
||
<specimenCount id="868CFD370937FFC4503AFA3D00D7F993" box="[347,384,1519,1545]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0937FFC450EAFA3D009CF993" box="[395,459,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Tulsa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tulsa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="E434107E0937FFC450B4FA3C030BF993" box="[469,604,1518,1545]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2013-07-15">15-vii-2013</date>
|
||
, 775’ (S13-67, 68)
|
||
<specimenCount id="868CFD370937FFC45251FA3D0201F993" box="[816,854,1519,1545]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="male">9♂</specimenCount>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30937FFC45201FA3D0008F9B7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588086" collectingDate="1991-05-31" county="Bastrop Co." location="Texas" municipality="Bastrop State Park" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC45201FA3D02FAF993" bold="true" box="[864,941,1519,1545]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<location id="955560650937FFC45201FA3D02FFF993" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182387A80933FFCB51F6FC070013FE49:955560650937FFC45201FA3D02FFF993" box="[864,936,1519,1545]" county="Bastrop Co." municipality="Bastrop State Park" name="Texas" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Texas</location>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC452D2FA220568F990" box="[947,1087,1520,1546]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="79544E320937FFC452D2FA22056DF990" box="[947,1082,1520,1546]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Bastrop Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="7051ACC40937FFC45524FA220441F993" box="[1093,1302,1519,1546]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Bastrop State Park</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="E434107E0937FFC45440FA3D04C0F993" box="[1313,1431,1519,1545]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1991-05-31">
|
||
<collectingDate id="F470E9960937FFC45440FA3D04C0F993" box="[1313,1431,1519,1545]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1991-05-31">31-v-1991</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 700’ (S91-23)
|
||
<specimenCount id="868CFD370937FFC45058F9C10008F9B7" box="[313,351,1555,1581]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30937FFC4500BF9C1028AF9B7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588010" box="[362,989,1554,1582]" collectingDate="2011-06-10" county="Galveston Co." location="High Island" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC4500BF9C10346F9B4" box="[362,529,1555,1582]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="79544E320937FFC4500BF9C1035BF9B4" box="[362,524,1555,1582]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Galveston Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="955560650937FFC45379F9C103C9F9B7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182387A80933FFCB51F6FC070013FE49:955560650937FFC45379F9C103C9F9B7" box="[536,670,1555,1581]" county="Galveston Co." name="High Island" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">High Island</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="E434107E0937FFC453C8F9C10270F9B7" box="[681,807,1555,1581]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2011-06-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="F470E9960937FFC453C8F9C10270F9B7" box="[681,807,1555,1581]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2011-06-10">10-vi-2011</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 5’ (S11-28)
|
||
<specimenCount id="868CFD370937FFC452D6F9C1028AF9B7" box="[951,989,1555,1581]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="female">4♀</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30937FFC45289F9C60071F9CB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588052" collectingDate="2013-07-13" county="Harris Co." location="Cypress" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC45289F9C6053FF9B4" box="[1000,1128,1556,1582]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="79544E320937FFC45289F9C60534F9B4" box="[1000,1123,1556,1582]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Harris Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="955560650937FFC4550EF9C1059BF9B7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182387A80933FFCB51F6FC070013FE49:955560650937FFC4550EF9C1059BF9B7" box="[1135,1228,1555,1581]" county="Harris Co." name="Cypress" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Cypress</location>
|
||
, 148’,
|
||
<date id="E434107E0937FFC45479F9C104CBF9B7" box="[1304,1436,1555,1581]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2013-07-13">
|
||
<collectingDate id="F470E9960937FFC45479F9C104CBF9B7" box="[1304,1436,1555,1581]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2013-07-13">13-vii-2013</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(S13-64)
|
||
<specimenCount id="868CFD370937FFC45060F9E50071F9CB" box="[257,294,1591,1617]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="male">3♂</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30937FFC45050F9E5029BF9CB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588154" box="[305,972,1590,1618]" collectingDate="2011-06-10" county="Jefferson Co." location="Sabine Pass" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" specimenCount="8" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC45050F9E5009BF9C8" box="[305,460,1591,1618]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="79544E320937FFC45050F9E50090F9C8" box="[305,455,1591,1618]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Jefferson Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="955560650937FFC450B3F9E5030EF9C8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182387A80933FFCB51F6FC070013FE49:955560650937FFC450B3F9E5030EF9C8" box="[466,601,1591,1618]" county="Jefferson Co." name="Sabine Pass" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Sabine Pass</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="E434107E0937FFC45305F9E503B5F9CB" box="[612,738,1591,1617]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2011-06-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="F470E9960937FFC45305F9E503B5F9CB" box="[612,738,1591,1617]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2011-06-10">10-vi-2011</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 20’ (S11-31)
|
||
<specimenCount id="868CFD370937FFC4521FF9E502F6F9CB" box="[894,929,1591,1617]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="male">3♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount id="868CFD370937FFC452C6F9E4029BF9CB" box="[935,972,1590,1617]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="female">5♀</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30937FFC452B9F9E501B0F9EF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588068" collectingDate="2011-06-10" location="Sea Rim State Park" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
<location id="955560650937FFC452B9F9E505E6F9CB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182387A80933FFCB51F6FC070013FE49:955560650937FFC452B9F9E505E6F9CB" box="[984,1201,1591,1617]" name="Sea Rim State Park" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Sea Rim State Park</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="E434107E0937FFC455DAF9E5046DF9CB" box="[1211,1338,1591,1617]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2011-06-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="F470E9960937FFC455DAF9E5046DF9CB" box="[1211,1338,1591,1617]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2011-06-10">10-vi-2011</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 5’ (S11- 29)
|
||
<specimenCount id="868CFD370937FFC451A2F98901B0F9EF" box="[195,231,1627,1653]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30937FFC45195F98E02B6F9EF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588170" box="[244,993,1627,1654]" collectingDate="1993-06-18" county="Marion Co." location="Caddo Lake State Park" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC45195F98E002AF9EC" box="[244,381,1628,1654]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="79544E320937FFC45195F98E002FF9EC" box="[244,376,1628,1654]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Marion Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="955560650937FFC450E2F98903D2F9EF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182387A80933FFCB51F6FC070013FE49:955560650937FFC450E2F98903D2F9EF" box="[387,645,1627,1653]" county="Marion Co." name="Caddo Lake State Park" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Caddo Lake State Park</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="E434107E0937FFC453F1F9890258F9EF" box="[656,783,1627,1653]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1993-06-18">
|
||
<collectingDate id="F470E9960937FFC453F1F9890258F9EF" box="[656,783,1627,1653]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1993-06-18">18-vi-1993</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 300’ (S93-42)
|
||
<specimenCount id="868CFD370937FFC452DAF98902B6F9EF" box="[955,993,1627,1653]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE30937FFC4528DF98E0070F903" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588071" collectingDate="1991-06-01" county="Orange Co." location="Beaumont" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC4528DF98E0521F9EC" box="[1004,1142,1628,1654]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="79544E320937FFC4528DF98E0526F9EC" box="[1004,1137,1628,1654]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Orange Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="955560650937FFC4551CF98E05A4F9EC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182387A80933FFCB51F6FC070013FE49:955560650937FFC4551CF98E05A4F9EC" box="[1149,1267,1628,1654]" county="Orange Co." name="Beaumont" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Beaumont</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="E434107E0937FFC4559CF9890439F9EF" box="[1277,1390,1627,1653]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1991-06-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="F470E9960937FFC4559CF9890439F9EF" box="[1277,1390,1627,1653]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1991-06-01">1-vi-1991</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 50’ (S91-32)
|
||
<specimenCount id="868CFD370937FFC45063F9AD0070F903" box="[258,295,1663,1689]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE0937FFC451A6F9760449F8D4" blockId="86.[151,1437,1122,2014]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC451A6F9760050F924" box="[199,263,1700,1726]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">DNA.</emphasis>
|
||
Multilocus d437 from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0937FFC45368F971030AF927" box="[521,605,1699,1725]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Jackson Co., Marianna,
|
||
<date id="E434107E0937FFC45214F97102A3F927" box="[885,1012,1699,1725]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1999-09-28">28-ix-1999</date>
|
||
, 117’, 30.774°, -85.227°, pulse rate in this male 53 at 25°C. Closest relatives (Gray
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC453EAF91A0395F97B" box="[651,706,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0937FFC45276F91A02C6F97B" box="[791,913,1736,1762]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC45276F91A02C6F97B" box="[791,913,1736,1762]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">G. texensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see Gray 2006;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0937FFC4552FF9150454F978" author="Gray, D. A. & Barnfield, P. & Seifried, M. & Richards, M. H." box="[1102,1283,1735,1762]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="305 - 313" refId="ref161152" refString="Gray, D. A., Barnfield, P., Seifried, M. & Richards, M. H. (2006) Molecular divergence between Gryllus rubens and Gryllus texensis, sister species of field crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae. Canadian Entomologist, 138, 305 - 313. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / n 05 - 037" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Gray
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC455EDF91A0593F97B" box="[1164,1220,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0937FFC4545EF91A019DF89F" authorityName="Weissman & Gray" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC4545EF91A019DF89F" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">G. regularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. See also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0937FFC45058F939037BF89F" author="Blankers, T. & Vilaca, S. T. & Waurick, I. & Gray, D. A. & Henning, R. M. & Mazzoni, C. J. & Mayer, F. & Berdan, E. L." box="[313,556,1771,1797]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="553 - 567" refId="ref158900" refString="Blankers, T., Vilaca, S. T., Waurick, I., Gray, D. A., Henning, R. M., Mazzoni, C. J., Mayer, F. & Berdan, E. L. (2018) Demography and selection shape transcriptomic divergence in field crickets. Evolution, 72, 553 - 567. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / evo. 13435" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Blankers
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC450C3F93E008DF89F" box="[418,474,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, which compared transcriptomic genetic variation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0937FFC4551BF93E05B0F89F" authorityName="Scudder. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[1146,1255,1771,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC4551BF93E05B0F89F" box="[1146,1255,1771,1798]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">G. rubens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0937FFC4547AF93E04C1F89F" box="[1307,1430,1772,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC4547AF93E04C1F89F" box="[1307,1430,1772,1798]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">G. texensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In that study, several loci were fixed for genetic differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0937FFC452F5F8C20555F8B3" authorityName="Scudder. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[916,1026,1807,1834]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC452F5F8C20555F8B3" box="[916,1026,1807,1834]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">G. rubens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0937FFC45556F8C205E5F8B3" box="[1079,1202,1808,1834]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC45556F8C205E5F8B3" box="[1079,1202,1808,1834]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">G. texensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, so in principle there are diagnostic genetic differences between these taxa, but they are not applicable in any practical sense.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE0937FFC551A6F88A0549FE49" blockId="86.[151,1437,1122,2014]" lastBlockId="87.[151,1437,153,467]" lastPageId="87" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC451A6F88A001DF8EB" box="[199,330,1880,1905]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
When standing near simultaneously trilling males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0937FFC452FBF88A055FF8EB" authorityName="Scudder. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[922,1032,1879,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC452FBF88A055FF8EB" box="[922,1032,1879,1906]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">G. rubens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0937FFC4555EF88A05EDF8EB" box="[1087,1210,1880,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC4555EF88A05EDF8EB" box="[1087,1210,1880,1906]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">G. texensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, one can sometimes hear subtle differences between the two songs, probably reflective of the different pulse rates and dominant frequencies. Currently, there is no single, definitive morphological character that separates male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0937FFC455D2F8720476F823" authorityName="Scudder. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[1203,1313,1951,1978]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC455D2F8720476F823" box="[1203,1313,1951,1978]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">G. rubens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0937FFC451F6F8160042F847" box="[151,277,1988,2014]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC451F6F8160042F847" box="[151,277,1988,2014]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">G. texensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0937FFC45044F81100EBF847" author="Walker, T. J." box="[293,444,1987,2013]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="175 - 184" refId="ref167990" refString="Walker, T. J. (1998) Trilling field crickets in a zone of overlap (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllus). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 91, 175 - 184. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 91.2.175" type="journal article" year="1998">Walker 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0937FFC450A8F81103DCF844" author="Gray, D. A. & Barnfield, P. & Seifried, M. & Richards, M. H." box="[457,651,1987,2014]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="305 - 313" refId="ref161152" refString="Gray, D. A., Barnfield, P., Seifried, M. & Richards, M. H. (2006) Molecular divergence between Gryllus rubens and Gryllus texensis, sister species of field crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae. Canadian Entomologist, 138, 305 - 313. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / n 05 - 037" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Gray
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0937FFC4536AF8160369F847" box="[523,574,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), although we do present new data (
|
||
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0937FFC4554FF81105D5F847" box="[1070,1154,1987,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="89.[151,250,1339,1364]" captionTargetBox="[151,1418,507,1317]" captionTargetId="figure@89.[151,1435,507,1317]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="FIGURE 79. Regression of number file teeth vs. teeth/mm showing separation of sympatric G. rubens from G. texensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563827" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563827/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 79</figureCitation>
|
||
) showing promise when comparing number of file teeth vs. teeth/mm. In the past, positive male identification has been exclusively linked to differences in song
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0936FFC55013FF6F00CFFF4D" box="[370,408,189,215]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">PR</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Unfortunately, the ability of this one song parameter to separate the two species gets murky in some populations.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0936FFC550EDFF3303D3FF61" author="Gray, D. A. & Cade, W. H." box="[396,644,225,251]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="14449 - 14454" refId="ref160966" refString="Gray, D. A. & Cade, W. H. (2000 a) Sexual selection and speciation in field crickets. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 97, 14449 - 14454. https: // doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 97.26.14449" type="journal article" year="2000">Gray & Cade (2000a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
demonstrated an increase in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0936FFC552B3FF3302A3FF61" box="[978,1012,225,251]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">PR</collectingRegion>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0936FFC5557AFF3305DCFF61" authorityName="Scudder. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[1051,1163,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0936FFC5557AFF3305DCFF61" box="[1051,1163,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">G. rubens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of ~3 for each 1°C rise in temperature and an increase in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0936FFC55379FED7036DFE85" box="[536,570,261,287]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">PR</collectingRegion>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0936FFC55300FED7038AFE85" box="[609,733,261,287]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0936FFC55300FED7038AFE85" box="[609,733,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">G. texensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of ~5 for each 1°C rise.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0936FFC5529BFED7058CFE85" author="Martin, S. D. & Gray, D. A. & Cade, W. H." box="[1018,1243,261,287]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="706 - 712" refId="ref164612" refString="Martin, S. D., Gray, D. A. & Cade, W. H. (2000) Fine-scale temperature effects on cricket calling song. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 78, 706 - 712. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 99 - 262" type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Martin
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0936FFC5552FFED405D6FE85" box="[1102,1153,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2000)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
demonstrated an increase in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0936FFC55076FEFB006EFED9" box="[279,313,297,323]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">PR</collectingRegion>
|
||
of 3.5 for every 1°C increase in recording temperature in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0936FFC552A6FEFB0515FED9" box="[967,1090,297,323]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0936FFC552A6FEFB0515FED9" box="[967,1090,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">G. texensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(called “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0936FFC555C8FEFB044BFED9" box="[1193,1308,297,323]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0936FFC555C8FEFB0593FED9" box="[1193,1220,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">G.</emphasis>
|
||
integer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0936FFC55431FEFB0045FEFD" author="Martin, S. D. & Gray, D. A. & Cade, W. H." pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="706 - 712" refId="ref164612" refString="Martin, S. D., Gray, D. A. & Cade, W. H. (2000) Fine-scale temperature effects on cricket calling song. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 78, 706 - 712. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 99 - 262" type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Martin
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0936FFC551F6FE9C0198FEFD" box="[151,207,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We applied a modification of this temperature correction (+4 pulses for each 1°C difference from 25°C because we did not want to prejudge which species that we decided that we were recording) to
|
||
<specimenCount id="868CFD370936FFC555D3FEA30442FE11" box="[1202,1301,369,395]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="male">16 males</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0936FFC55439FEA304CFFE11" box="[1368,1432,369,395]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Tulsa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tulsa</taxonomicName>
|
||
, OK (S13-68) recorded in the laboratory between 22–28°C and whose
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0936FFC552C1FE470295FE35" box="[928,962,405,431]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">PR</collectingRegion>
|
||
we normalized to 25°C: we find no unambiguous separation at this locality and get only a modestly bimodal
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0936FFC552EDFE6B02F9FE49" box="[908,942,441,467]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">PR</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0936FFC552DFFE6B0545FE49" box="[958,1042,441,467]" captionStart="FIGURE 82" captionStartId="90.[158,257,1954,1979]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,1491,1927]" captionTargetId="figure@90.[151,1435,1485,1935]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 82. Left: Regression of sympatric G. rubens and G. texensis from Tulsa, OK (S13-68) showing lack of separation in individuals for pulse rate vs. file teeth number. Right: Histogram of pulse rates of these same males." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563833/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Fig. 82</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C4F566360936FFC551F6F930039DF961" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563821" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563821" box="[151,714,1762,1787]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563821/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" startId="87.[151,250,1762,1787]" targetBox="[151,1435,471,1717]" targetPageId="87">
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE0936FFC551F6F930039DF961" blockId="87.[151,714,1762,1787]" box="[151,714,1762,1787]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0936FFC551F6F9300077F961" bold="true" box="[151,288,1762,1787]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">FIGURE 76.</emphasis>
|
||
Populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0936FFC550DEF9310374F961" authorityName="Scudder. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[447,547,1763,1787]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0936FFC550DEF9310374F961" box="[447,547,1763,1787]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">G. rubens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that we studied.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE0936FFC551A6F8FB0316F8F2" blockId="87.[151,1436,1833,1896]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
While we did not find this ambiguity, in pulse rate, to be geographically widespread, it is also not unique: For instance,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0936FFC55061F89F00CCF8FD" author="Walker, T. J." box="[256,411,1869,1895]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="175 - 184" refId="ref167990" refString="Walker, T. J. (1998) Trilling field crickets in a zone of overlap (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllus). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 91, 175 - 184. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 91.2.175" type="journal article" year="1998">Walker (1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 175) notes:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE0936FFC551F6F84704CBF86D" blockId="87.[151,1437,1941,2040]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
“…songs I attributed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0936FFC550C9F8440340F835" authorityName="Scudder. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[424,535,1941,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0936FFC550C9F8440340F835" box="[424,535,1941,1968]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">G. rubens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had a slightly higher average pulse rate in the zone of overlap [with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0936FFC55440F84404CAF835" box="[1313,1437,1942,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0936FFC55440F84404CAF835" box="[1313,1437,1942,1968]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">G. texensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
between western
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0936FFC5503CF86B00F9F849" box="[349,430,1977,2003]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
and eastern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0936FFC55321F86A03D3F849" box="[576,644,1976,2003]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
] than farther east and both species varied more in pulse rate between individuals from the same site and for the same individual from time to time than in the many other cricket species
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE0939FFCA51F6FF4B0215FF4D" blockId="88.[151,1436,152,215]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
I had studied.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0939FFCA5056FF4B00F2FF29" authorityName="Scudder. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[311,421,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0939FFCA5056FF4B00F2FF29" box="[311,421,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">G. rubens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0939FFCA50BCFF480361FF29" box="[477,566,154,179]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0939FFCA50BCFF480361FF29" box="[477,566,154,179]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">texensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[called
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0939FFCA53F1FF4B025CFF29" box="[656,779,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0939FFCA53F4FF4B025CFF29" box="[661,779,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integer">G. integer</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
’ by Walker in 1998] were not as clearly separated by their songs as other sympatric pairs of sibling species of crickets.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C4F566360939FFCA51F6FC9304D4FCC0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563823" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563823" box="[151,1411,833,858]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563823/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" startId="88.[151,250,833,858]" targetBox="[159,1387,298,781]" targetPageId="88">
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE0939FFCA51F6FC9304D4FCC0" blockId="88.[151,1411,833,858]" box="[151,1411,833,858]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0939FFCA51F6FC930077FCC0" bold="true" box="[151,288,833,858]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">FIGURE 77.</emphasis>
|
||
One second waveform, pulse rate of 56, of calling song of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0939FFCA5219FC90028BFCC0" authorityName="Scudder. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[888,988,834,858]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0939FFCA5219FC90028BFCC0" box="[888,988,834,858]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">G. rubens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (R13-220)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0939FFCA5538FC9305C4FCC0" box="[1113,1171,833,858]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Tulsa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tulsa</taxonomicName>
|
||
, OK (S13-68), at 25°C.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="C4F566360939FFCA51F6F9600186F974" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563825" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563825" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563825/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" startId="88.[151,250,1714,1739]" targetBox="[151,1413,901,1695]" targetPageId="88">
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE0939FFCA51F6F9600186F974" blockId="88.[151,1436,1714,1774]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0939FFCA51F6F9600076F951" bold="true" box="[151,289,1714,1739]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">FIGURE 78.</emphasis>
|
||
Regression of number file teeth vs. hind femur length showing separation of sympatric
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0939FFCA55D1F9610442F951" authorityName="Scudder. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[1200,1301,1715,1739]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0939FFCA55D1F9610442F951" box="[1200,1301,1715,1739]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">G. rubens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0939FFCA5437F961019AF974" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texensis">G. texensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE0939FFCB51A6F8CF025FFF4D" blockId="88.[151,1437,1821,2027]" lastBlockId="89.[151,1436,153,467]" lastPageId="89" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
Instead of finding character displacement where they overlap,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0939FFCA521CF8CF0549F8AD" author="Walker, T. J." box="[893,1054,1821,1847]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="175 - 184" refId="ref167990" refString="Walker, T. J. (1998) Trilling field crickets in a zone of overlap (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllus). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 91, 175 - 184. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 91.2.175" type="journal article" year="1998">Walker (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found the opposite and concluded that the two species may hybridize in areas of overlap in western
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0939FFCA52E2F893028FF8C1" box="[899,984,1857,1883]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Such hybridization is achievable in the laboratory (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0939FFCA5079F8B700ACF8E5" author="Smith, C. J. & Cade, W. H." box="[280,507,1893,1919]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="2390 - 2394" refId="ref166641" refString="Smith, C. J. & Cade, W. H. (1987) Relative fertility in hybridization experiments using three song types of the field crickets Gryllus integer and Gryllus rubens. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65, 2390 - 2394. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 87 - 359" type="journal article" year="1987">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0939FFCA5079F8B7000AF8E5" box="[280,349,1893,1919]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Smith</collectingRegion>
|
||
& Cade 1987
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but, based on song phenotype, appears to be rare in sympatry (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0939FFCA55A3F8B704C6F8E5" author="Izzo, A. S. & Gray, D. A." box="[1218,1425,1893,1919]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="831 - 837" refId="ref163005" refString="Izzo, A. S. & Gray, D. A. (2004) Cricket song in sympatry: species specificity of song without reproductive character displacement in Gryllus rubens. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 97, 831 - 837. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2004) 097 [0831: CSISSS] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2004">Izzo & Gray 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Nonetheless, we wonder if they may be hybridizing at our
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0939FFCA5240F85B0236F839" box="[801,865,1929,1955]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Tulsa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tulsa</taxonomicName>
|
||
, OK, site (S13-68), as discussed above. Using transcriptomic data,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0939FFCA5035F87F031BF85D" author="Blankers, T. & Vilaca, S. T. & Waurick, I. & Gray, D. A. & Henning, R. M. & Mazzoni, C. J. & Mayer, F. & Berdan, E. L." box="[340,588,1965,1991]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="553 - 567" refId="ref158900" refString="Blankers, T., Vilaca, S. T., Waurick, I., Gray, D. A., Henning, R. M., Mazzoni, C. J., Mayer, F. & Berdan, E. L. (2018) Demography and selection shape transcriptomic divergence in field crickets. Evolution, 72, 553 - 567. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / evo. 13435" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Blankers
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0939FFCA50DEF87C00AEF85D" box="[447,505,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found no evidence of interspecific gene flow more recently than ca. ~18K years, but, it must be noted, the source populations for that study were from allopatry. Additionally,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0939FFCA559BF80304CBF871" author="Walker, T. J." box="[1274,1436,2001,2027]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="175 - 184" refId="ref167990" refString="Walker, T. J. (1998) Trilling field crickets in a zone of overlap (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllus). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 91, 175 - 184. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 91.2.175" type="journal article" year="1998">Walker (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
documented that different generations have different pulse rates, now further investigated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0938FFCB55CBFF4B04CFFF29" author="Beckers, O. M. & Murphey, K. J. & Pease, J. R. & Norman, N." box="[1194,1432,153,179]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" refId="ref158187" refString="Beckers, O. M., Murphey, K. J., Pease, J. R. & Norman, N. (2019) Parallel plasticity of mating songs and preferences in the field cricket Gryllus rubens. Ethology. [in press] https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / eth. 12872" type="book" year="2019">
|
||
Beckers
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0938FFCB546DFF480413FF29" box="[1292,1348,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, so variable environmental effects are certainly possible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D89065350938FFCB51A6FF330013FE49" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE0938FFCB51A6FF330013FE49" blockId="89.[151,1436,153,467]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0938FFCB51A6FF330060FF61" authorityName="Scudder. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[199,311,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0938FFCB51A6FF330060FF61" box="[199,311,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">G. rubens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been used in hybridization studies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0938FFCB5261FF3302BFFF61" author="Smith, C. J. & Cade, W. H." box="[768,1000,225,251]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="2390 - 2394" refId="ref166641" refString="Smith, C. J. & Cade, W. H. (1987) Relative fertility in hybridization experiments using three song types of the field crickets Gryllus integer and Gryllus rubens. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65, 2390 - 2394. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 87 - 359" type="journal article" year="1987">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0938FFCB5261FF330212FF61" box="[768,837,225,251]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Smith</collectingRegion>
|
||
& Cade 1987
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
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;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0938FFCB5294FF330451FF61" author="Cade, W. H. & Tyshenko, M. G." box="[1013,1286,225,251]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="2697 - 2700" refId="ref159308" refString="Cade, W. H. & Tyshenko, M. G. (1990) Geographic variation in hybrid fertility in the field crickets Gryllus integer, G. rubens, and Gryllus sp. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 68, 2697 - 2700. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 90 - 374" type="journal article" year="1990">Cade & Tyshenko 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
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), tachinid fly parasitism (
|
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<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0938FFCB5079FED70315FEBA" author="Velez, M. J. & Brockmann, H. J." box="[280,578,261,288]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="439 - 448" refId="ref167280" refString="Velez, M. J. & Brockmann, H. J. (2006) Seasonal variation in selection on male calling song in the field cricket, Gryllus rubens. Animal Behaviour, 72, 439 - 448. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. anbehav. 2006.02.002" type="journal article" year="2006">Vélez & Brockmann 2006</bibRefCitation>
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), effect of temperature on pulse rates (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0938FFCB528BFED705A4FE85" author="Doherty, J. A. & Callos, J. D." box="[1002,1267,261,287]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="67 - 82" refId="ref159962" refString="Doherty, J. A. & Callos, J. D. (1991) Acoustic communication in the trilling field cricket, Gryllus rubens (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Journal of Insect Behavior, 4, 67 - 82. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 01092552" type="journal article" year="1991">Doherty & Callos 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0938FFCB559FFED704C7FE85" author="Walker, T. J." box="[1278,1424,261,287]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="565 - 572" refId="ref168041" refString="Walker, T. J. (2000) Pulse rates in the songs of trilling field crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllus). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 93, 565 - 572. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2000) 093 [0565: PRITSO] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2000">Walker 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), female phonotaxis (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0938FFCB5012FEFB032BFED9" author="Doherty, J. A. & Callos, J. D." box="[371,636,297,323]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="67 - 82" refId="ref159962" refString="Doherty, J. A. & Callos, J. D. (1991) Acoustic communication in the trilling field cricket, Gryllus rubens (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Journal of Insect Behavior, 4, 67 - 82. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 01092552" type="journal article" year="1991">Doherty & Callos 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), song character displacement (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0938FFCB52BBFEFB0539FED9" author="Walker, T. J." box="[986,1134,297,323]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="175 - 184" refId="ref167990" refString="Walker, T. J. (1998) Trilling field crickets in a zone of overlap (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllus). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 91, 175 - 184. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 91.2.175" type="journal article" year="1998">Walker 1998</bibRefCitation>
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;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0938FFCB5518FEFB0410FED9" author="Izzo, A. S. & Gray, D. A." box="[1145,1351,297,323]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="831 - 837" refId="ref163005" refString="Izzo, A. S. & Gray, D. A. (2004) Cricket song in sympatry: species specificity of song without reproductive character displacement in Gryllus rubens. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 97, 831 - 837. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2004) 097 [0831: CSISSS] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2004">Izzo & Gray 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), courtship song divergence (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0938FFCB50F5FE9F03F9FEFD" author="Fitzpatrick, M. J. & Gray, D. A." box="[404,686,333,359]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="1075 - 1085" refId="ref160109" refString="Fitzpatrick, M. J. & Gray, D. A. (2001) Divergence between the courtship songs of the field crickets Gryllus texensis and Gryllus rubens (Orthoptera, Gryllidae). Ethology, 107, 1075 - 1085. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1439 - 0310.2001.00730. x" type="journal article" year="2001">Fitzpatrick & Gray 2001</bibRefCitation>
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) and impact on potential for hybridization (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0938FFCB55FEFE9F044AFEFD" author="Gray, D. A." box="[1183,1309,333,359]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="201 - 206" refId="ref160698" refString="Gray, D. A. (2004) Does courtship behavior contribute to species-level reproductive isolation in field crickets? Behavioral Ecology, 16 (1), 201 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / beheco / arh 144" type="journal article" year="2004">Gray 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
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), peripatric speciation (
|
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<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0938FFCB507BFEA3008CFE11" author="Gray, D. & Huang, H. & Knowles, L. L." box="[282,475,369,395]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="3836 - 3855" refId="ref161294" refString="Gray, D. A, Huang, H. & Knowles, L. L. (2008) Molecular evidence of a peripatric origin for two sympatric species of field crickets (Gryllus rubens and G. texensis) revealed from coalescent simulations and population genetic tests. Molecular Ecology, 17, 3836 - 3855. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 294 X. 2008.03827. x" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Gray
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0938FFCB503CFEA000C7FE11" box="[349,400,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 2008
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0938FFCB5089FEA30382FE11" author="Blankers, T. & Vilaca, S. T. & Waurick, I. & Gray, D. A. & Henning, R. M. & Mazzoni, C. J. & Mayer, F. & Berdan, E. L." box="[488,725,369,395]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="553 - 567" refId="ref158900" refString="Blankers, T., Vilaca, S. T., Waurick, I., Gray, D. A., Henning, R. M., Mazzoni, C. J., Mayer, F. & Berdan, E. L. (2018) Demography and selection shape transcriptomic divergence in field crickets. Evolution, 72, 553 - 567. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / evo. 13435" type="journal article" year="2018">
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Blankers
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0938FFCB5334FEA003C7FE11" box="[597,656,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">et al.</emphasis>
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2018
|
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</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), genetics of speciation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0938FFCB5293FEA305B7FE11" author="Blankers, T. & Berdan, E. L. & Hennig, R. M. & Mayer, F." box="[1010,1248,369,395]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="777 - 791" refId="ref158982" refString="Blankers, T., Berdan, E. L., Hennig, R. M. & Mayer, F. (2019) Physical linkage and mate preference generate linkage disequilibrium for behavioral isolation in two parapatric crickets. Evolution, 73, 777 - 791. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / evo. 13706" type="journal article" year="2019">
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Blankers
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0938FFCB5500FEA005CCFE11" box="[1121,1179,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), aggressiveness related to habitat (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0938FFCB503EFE470345FE35" author="Jang, Y. & Gerhardt, H. C. & Choe, J. C." box="[351,530,405,431]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="1397 - 1407" refId="ref163389" refString="Jang, Y., Gerhardt, H. C. & Choe, J. C. (2008) A comparative study of aggressiveness in eastern North American field cricket species (genus Gryllus). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 62, 1397 - 1407. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00265 - 008 - 0568 - 6" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
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Jang
|
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<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0938FFCB50FBFE440086FE35" box="[410,465,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and male response to conspecific song (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0938FFCB52BAFE470505FE35" author="Jang, Y." box="[987,1106,405,431]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="16063" refId="ref163078" refString="Jang, Y. (2011) Male response to conspecific advertisement signals in the field cricket Gryllus rubens (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). PLoS ONE, 6 (1), e 16063. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0016063" type="journal article" year="2011">Jang 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Past research is summarized in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0938FFCB51D5FE6B0017FE49" author="Gray, D. A." box="[180,320,441,467]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="195 - 209" refId="ref160795" refString="Gray, D. A. (2011) Speciation, divergence, and the origin of Gryllus rubens: behavior, morphology, and molecules. Insects, 2, 195 - 209. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / insects 2020195" type="journal article" year="2011">Gray (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |