203 lines
24 KiB
XML
203 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document id="34F729B51706792B0367FEFA4E306A5F" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3999.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6bd3a3e2-ea99-490e-a64d-fbad37df8aa5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="289200" ID-ZooBank="1FE7AFED-DC04-4E8C-BFB3-880A94B296DB" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461279614665" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Thandar, Ahmed S. & Rambaran, Ryan" docDate="2015" docId="174487A93842D76039E3D86CB52BFDF6" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03999p061.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3999 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Thyone venusta Selenka 1868" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="60" masterDocId="EB7DFFD13853D7733974DC1AB43AFF96" masterDocTitle="On some sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from off the south and west coasts of South Africa collected by the South African Environmental and Observation Network (SAEON)" masterLastPageNumber="61" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="58" updateTime="1698613662619" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="2788D4BD387658CDA6B4DDF169A61939">On some sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from off the south and west coasts of South Africa collected by the South African Environmental and Observation Network (SAEON)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="414D5CC09485814B3FD0CAB503D788E1">Thandar, Ahmed S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0BB9F2C3E6AC6D1758A4785693ECA86E">Rambaran, Ryan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="388CBC6EE13FBCE0B96571C084A17E59">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="DEE2FC443A9C01F3A251243A6792BE3E">2015</mods:date>
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<treatment id="174487A93842D76039E3D86CB52BFDF6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5107336" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127692692" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5107336" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:174487A93842D76039E3D86CB52BFDF6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/174487A93842D76039E3D86CB52BFDF6" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">
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<subSubSection id="D7F765343842D76239E3D86CB4C2FB24" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9F5236BF3842D76239E3D86CB632FB06" blockId="17.[151,520,1142,1202]" box="[151,520,1142,1168]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">
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<heading id="C41A81D33842D76239E3D86CB632FB06" bold="true" box="[151,520,1142,1168]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="58ED4D3C3842D76239E3D86CB632FB06" ID-CoL="56RPS" authority="Selenka, 1868" authorityName="Selenka" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,520,1142,1168]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="venusta">
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<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3842D76239E3D86CB632FB06" bold="true" box="[151,520,1142,1168]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">
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<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3842D76239E3D86CB56CFB06" bold="true" box="[151,342,1142,1168]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">Thyone venusta</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3842D7623828D86CB632FB06" author="Selenka" box="[348,520,1142,1168]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" refString="Selenka, E. (1868) Nachtrag zu den Breitragen zur Anatomie und Systematik der Holothurien. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 18, 109 - 118." type="journal article" year="1868">Selenka, 1868</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9F5236BF3842D76239E3D883B4C2FB24" blockId="17.[151,520,1142,1202]" box="[151,248,1177,1202]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">
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(
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<figureCitation id="07D62A3A3842D76239EBD883B4D5FB24" box="[159,239,1177,1202]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1679,1701]" captionTargetBox="[161,1420,218,1657]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,193,1657]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 11. Thyone venusta Selenka 1868. A 31654 A. Tube foot end plate; B. Tube foot end plate ex Selenka (1868); C. Specimen entire, courtesy Lara Atkinson." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289211/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D7F765343842D76239E3D8FBB782FB61" box="[151,952,1249,1271]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="9F5236BF3842D76239E3D8FBB782FB61" blockId="17.[151,952,1249,1271]" box="[151,952,1249,1271]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="BFFD11913842D76239E3D8FBB782FB61" box="[151,952,1249,1271]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">
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<taxonomicName id="58ED4D3C3842D76239E3D8FBB5C5FB61" ID-CoL="56RPS" authority="Selenka, 1868: 115" authorityName="Selenka" authorityPageNumber="115" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,511,1249,1271]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="venusta">
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<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3842D76239E3D8FBB50FFB61" box="[151,309,1249,1271]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">Thyone venusta</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="1E4C10AE3842D762384FD8FBB5C5FB61" author="Selenka" box="[315,511,1249,1271]" page="115" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" year="1868">
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<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3842D762384FD8FBB5F4FB61" author="Selenka" box="[315,462,1249,1271]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" refString="Selenka, E. (1868) Nachtrag zu den Breitragen zur Anatomie und Systematik der Holothurien. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 18, 109 - 118." type="journal article" year="1868">Selenka, 1868</bibRefCitation>
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: 115
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, figs. 11 and 12;?
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<treatmentCitation id="1E4C10AE3842D7623BC2D8FBB745FB61" author="Thandar" box="[694,895,1249,1271]" page="216" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" year="1990">
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<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3842D7623BC2D8FBB775FB61" author="Thandar" box="[694,847,1249,1271]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" refString="Thandar, A. S. (1990) The phyllophorid holothurians of southern Africa with the erection of a new genus. African Journal of Zoology, 25 (4), 207 - 223." type="journal article" year="1990">Thandar, 1990</bibRefCitation>
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: 216
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</treatmentCitation>
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–217.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D7F765343842D76239E3D93EB4DAFA3E" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="9F5236BF3842D76239E3D93EB4DAFA3E" blockId="17.[151,1437,1316,2025]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">
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<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3842D76239E3D93EB530FAAB" bold="true" box="[151,266,1316,1341]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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(after
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<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3842D7623829D93EB5C7FAAB" author="Selenka" box="[349,509,1316,1341]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" refString="Selenka, E. (1868) Nachtrag zu den Breitragen zur Anatomie und Systematik der Holothurien. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 18, 109 - 118." type="journal article" year="1868">Selenka 1868</bibRefCitation>
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, modified herein). Small species, length up to
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<quantity id="58159B5A3842D7623D5DD93EB044FAAA" box="[1065,1150,1316,1341]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="85.0">85 mm</quantity>
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, colour in life brown to orange, fading in alcohol. Calcareous ring complex, tubular. Stone canal and Polian vesicle single. Tube feet scattered throughout ventral and dorsal surfaces, sometime conforming to ambulacra. Ossicles only as tube feet end plates.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D7F765343842D76239B3D9AEB760FA79" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="9F5236BF3842D76239B3D9AEB760FA79" blockId="17.[151,1437,1316,2025]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">
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<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3842D76239B3D9AEB58AFA5B" bold="true" box="[199,432,1460,1485]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">Material examined.</emphasis>
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A31654, South Coast Survey 2011, off Mossel Bay (
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<geoCoordinate id="FAD950783842D7623D77D9AEB05FFA5B" box="[1027,1125,1460,1485]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" precision="925" value="-34.583332">34° 35'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="FAD950783842D7623D05D9AEB0E9FA5B" box="[1137,1235,1460,1485]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" precision="925" value="22.6">22° 36'E</geoCoordinate>
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), Demersal Trawl 075-3428, Cruise
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<quantity id="58159B5A3842D7623814D9C2B5DBFA79" box="[352,481,1496,1520]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.73103" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="273.103">273, 103 m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="EB53107F3842D7623899D9CDB654FA66" box="[493,622,1495,1520]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" value="2011-05-03">03/05/2011</date>
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, R.W. Leslie, 1 spec.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D7F765343842D76239B3D9E6B6E7F853" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" type="description">
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<paragraph id="9F5236BF3842D76239B3D9E6B09BF95E" blockId="17.[151,1437,1316,2025]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">
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<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3842D76239B3D9E6B563F983" bold="true" box="[199,345,1532,1557]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">Description.</emphasis>
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Specimen eviscerated, tentacles, calcareous ring and other associated structures lost. Body Ushaped in live state, cylindrical, slightly curved in preserved state with posterior end turned upwards. Skin smooth, of hairy texture due to numerous scattered podia. Mouth dorsal, anus terminal but dorsally directed. Live colouration orange with white speckles, dorsal surface darker. Preserved colour brown to light orange/off-white, darker anteriorly and posteriorly. Tip of anus white. Length
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<quantity id="58159B5A3842D7623A49DA96B7B5F932" box="[829,911,1676,1701]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="51.0">51 mm</quantity>
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, width of mid-body
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<quantity id="58159B5A3842D7623D03DA96B081F932" box="[1143,1211,1676,1700]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
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. Tube feet scattered throughout ventral and dorsal surfaces, but more prominent in ambulacra. Anal teeth absent.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9F5236BF3842D76239B3DACEB5AEF8CE" blockId="17.[151,1437,1316,2025]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">Respiratory trees paired, right tree extends entire body length, profusely branched, protruding partly through mouth; left tree much shorter, confined to posterior region. Gonadal tubules (testis) unbranched, mature. Longitudinal muscles flattened or slightly rounded. Retractor muscles arise from longitudinal muscles at more or less the same position.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9F5236BF3842D76239B3DB7EB6E7F853" blockId="17.[151,1437,1316,2025]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">Ossicles absent from body wall, respiratory trees and gonad, only present as tube feet end-plates, better developed ventrally; end-plates simple, irregular with two series of large marginal holes surrounding much smaller central holes without any symmetrical arrangement.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D7F765343842D76239B3DBCAB0CCF87F" box="[199,1270,2000,2025]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="9F5236BF3842D76239B3DBCAB0CCF87F" blockId="17.[151,1437,1316,2025]" box="[199,1270,2000,2025]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">
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<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3842D76239B3DBCAB563F87F" bold="true" box="[199,345,2000,2025]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">Distribution</emphasis>
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. Red Sea,?southern KwaZulu-Natal, south coast of
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<collectingCountry id="E7FA762F3842D7623AD2DBCAB002F87F" box="[934,1080,2000,2025]" name="South Africa" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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, off Mossel Bay.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="CB9266373841D76139E3DA95B606F955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289211/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="59" targetBox="[161,1420,218,1657]" targetPageId="18">
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<paragraph id="9F5236BF3841D76139E3DA95B606F955" blockId="18.[151,1436,1679,1731]" pageId="18" pageNumber="59">
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<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3841D76139E3DA95B51AF932" bold="true" box="[151,288,1679,1701]" pageId="18" pageNumber="59">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="58ED4D3C3841D761385DDA95B65BF933" authority="Selenka 1868" authorityName="Selenka" authorityYear="1868" box="[297,609,1679,1701]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="18" pageNumber="59" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="venusta">
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<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3841D761385DDA95B54EF933" box="[297,372,1679,1701]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="59">Thyone</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3841D7613808DA8AB5F3F933" box="[380,457,1680,1701]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="59">venusta</emphasis>
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Selenka 1868
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</taxonomicName>
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. A31654 A. Tube foot end plate; B. Tube foot end plate ex Selenka (1868); C. Specimen entire, courtesy Lara Atkinson.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="D7F765343841D76039B3DAEAB52BFDF6" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="18" pageNumber="59" type="discussion">
|
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<paragraph id="9F5236BF3841D76039B3DAEAB1A1FED6" blockId="18.[151,1436,1776,2017]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1436,151,608]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="18" pageNumber="59">
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<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3841D76139B3DAEAB501F89F" bold="true" box="[199,315,1776,1801]" pageId="18" pageNumber="59">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The form of the body and end-plates strongly correspond with that of the
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<typeStatus id="4056881D3841D7613D07DAEBB099F89F" box="[1139,1187,1777,1801]" pageId="18" pageNumber="59">type</typeStatus>
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illustrated by
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<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3841D7613C37DAEAB4DFF8BB" author="Selenka" pageId="18" pageNumber="59" refString="Selenka, E. (1868) Nachtrag zu den Breitragen zur Anatomie und Systematik der Holothurien. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 18, 109 - 118." type="journal article" year="1868">Selenka (1868)</bibRefCitation>
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. However, unlike Selenka’s specimen, anal teeth are absent.
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<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3841D7613AF2DB0EB00EF8BB" author="Thandar" box="[902,1076,1812,1837]" pageId="18" pageNumber="59" refString="Thandar, A. S. (1990) The phyllophorid holothurians of southern Africa with the erection of a new genus. African Journal of Zoology, 25 (4), 207 - 223." type="journal article" year="1990">Thandar (1990)</bibRefCitation>
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described a mature female from off the east coast of
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<collectingCountry id="E7FA762F3841D76138F3DB22B627F8C7" box="[391,541,1848,1873]" name="South Africa" pageId="18" pageNumber="59">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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, which he identified as
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<taxonomicName id="58ED4D3C3841D7613A40DB23B792F8C6" box="[820,936,1849,1872]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="18" pageNumber="59" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="venusta">
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<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3841D7613A40DB23B792F8C6" box="[820,936,1849,1872]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="59">T. venusta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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despite the absence of the calcareous ring, associated structures, end-plates and anal teeth in his specimen. Thandar supported his claim by stating that, like
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<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3841D76139E3DB9AB592F80F" box="[151,424,1920,1945]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="59">
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<taxonomicName id="58ED4D3C3841D76139E3DB9AB59EF80F" box="[151,420,1920,1945]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Ohshimella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="18" pageNumber="59" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ehrenbergii">Ohshimella ehrenbergii</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
|
||
it is possible for Selenka’s Red Red species to extend to the southern African coast. He attributed the absence of end-plates and anal teeth to local variations in widely separated populations. However, the current specimen does demonstrate end-plates in the tube feet. Further, Thandar’s specimen was dark brown with purple tips to the tube feet, unlike the white-speckled orange colour of the present specimen. Perhaps this species has various colour morphs but the colour and presence of end-plates demonstrates that the current specimen represents Selenka’s species than the one described by Thandar which may be another species. Selenka recorded the size of the end-plates as 140 µm, which is much larger than that recorded herein (52 µm). It is here speculated that the size of end-plate may be dependent on the size of the tube-foot and the region from which it was removed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F5236BF3840D76039B3DD56B52BFDF6" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,608]" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3840D76039B3DD56B543FEF2" author="Thandar" box="[199,377,332,357]" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" refString="Thandar, A. S. (1990) The phyllophorid holothurians of southern Africa with the erection of a new genus. African Journal of Zoology, 25 (4), 207 - 223." type="journal article" year="1990">Thandar (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymised
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58ED4D3C3840D7603B55DD57B6AFFEF2" box="[545,661,333,356]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="venusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3840D7603B55DD57B6AFFEF2" box="[545,661,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">T. venusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58ED4D3C3840D7603BAEDD57B780FEF2" authority="Bell, 1884" authorityName="Bell" authorityYear="1884" box="[730,954,332,357]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="okeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3840D7603BAEDD57B70EFEF3" box="[730,820,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">T. okeni</emphasis>
|
||
Bell, 1884
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, based on the general absence of ossicles except for tube feet end-plates in both species and the live colouration of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58ED4D3C3840D7603AA1DD6BB014FE1E" box="[981,1070,367,392]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="okeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3840D7603AA1DD6BB014FE1E" box="[981,1070,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">T. okeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3840D7603D9FDD6AB4DBFE3A" author="Rowe" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" refString="Rowe, F. W. E & Dotty, J. E. (1977) The shallow water holothurians of Guam. Micronesica, 13, 217 - 250." type="journal article" year="1977">Rowe and Doty (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in their specimen from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7FA762F3840D7603886DD8EB600FE3A" box="[498,570,404,428]" name="Guam" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">Guam</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Thandar later examined the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4056881D3840D7603AF6DD8FB788FE3B" box="[898,946,405,429]" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58ED4D3C3840D7603AADDD8FB00BFE3B" box="[985,1073,404,429]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="okeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3840D7603AADDD8FB00BFE3B" box="[985,1073,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">T. okeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at NHMUK and concluded that both species are not identical and hence the synonymy cannot be upheld as the two species differ in form, size, colouration, calcareous ring and form of end-plates. In fact,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3840D7603A20DDC7B05CFE63" author="Rowe" box="[852,1126,476,501]" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" refString="Rowe, F. W. E & Gates, J. (1995) Echinodermata. In: Wells, A. (Ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 33. CSIRO Australia, Melbourne, pp. i - xiii + 1 - 510." type="book chapter" year="1995">Rowe and Gates (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
treat
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58ED4D3C3840D7603DD8DDC7B13DFE63" box="[1196,1287,476,501]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="okeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3840D7603DD8DDC7B13DFE63" box="[1196,1287,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">T. okeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a distinct species and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3840D7603869DE1AB5D7FD8E" author="Arumugam" box="[285,493,512,536]" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" refString="Arumugam, P. (2011) A critical assessment of the dendrochirotid subfamilies, Sclerodactylinae and Thyoninae with the taxonomic management of the " supergenus " Thyone (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). MSc. dissertation, unpublished, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, 229 pp." type="book" year="2011">Arumugam (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
supported this. It is noteworthy that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58ED4D3C3840D7603AF1DE1BB7CCFD8E" box="[901,1014,513,536]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="venusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3840D7603AF1DE1BB7CCFD8E" box="[901,1014,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">T. venusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses deeply incised radial plates whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58ED4D3C3840D760398FDE3FB569FDAB" box="[251,339,548,573]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="okeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3840D760398FDE3FB569FDAB" box="[251,339,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="60">T. okeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses posteriorly prolonged radial plates. Recently O’Loughlin et al (2012) also rejected the synonymy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |