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<document id="241F03E5954BA7023A7855DECACF027B" ID-CLB-Dataset="5279" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3875.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fc3e4322-9765-42c9-9616-da49dd61cfed" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5130589" ID-ZooBank="66613335-DA8E-4EE7-A0A4-5FE405B15437" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623700805277" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Beaver, R. A., Sittichaya, W. &amp; Liu, L-Y." docDate="2014" docId="11038800FFDEFFAFFF41349769C309D8" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03875p082.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3875 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Euwallacea semirudis" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="50" masterDocId="ED3AF078FFEFFF9EFFD635036A4D0D05" masterDocTitle="A Synopsis of the Scolytine Ambrosia Beetles of Thailand (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)" masterLastPageNumber="82" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1699015234922" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="4CF0B0B1D74129F753224B69184E4DE6">A Synopsis of the Scolytine Ambrosia Beetles of Thailand (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BB0E10009EF865A5AAB6D1267C5CF0E1">Beaver, R. A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8BB770BDADDE3AB852ABC405DD7216BB">Sittichaya, W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FDF29B3790C177E0CF5A2E89D789A1AF">Liu, L-Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="0354E10A4AAB9102ECA1C749F4607E7C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="11038800FFDEFFAFFF41349769C309D8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5130959" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183732238" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5130959" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:11038800FFDEFFAFFF41349769C309D8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/11038800FFDEFFAFFF41349769C309D8" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<subSubSection id="D1B06A9DFFDEFFAFFF41349768320CAB" box="[151,639,404,430]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="99153916FFDEFFAFFF41349768320CAB" blockId="49.[151,639,404,430]" box="[151,639,404,430]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="ABDEE504FFDEFFAFFF41349768320CAB" bold="true" box="[151,639,404,430]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
97.
<taxonomicName id="5EAA4295FFDEFFAFFF15349768250CAB" ID-CoL="3DFCR" authority="(Blandford)" baseAuthorityName="Blandford" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[195,616,404,430]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Euwallacea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semirudis">
<emphasis id="ABDEE504FFDEFFAFFF1534976B810CAB" bold="true" box="[195,460,404,430]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Euwallacea semirudis</emphasis>
(Blandford)
</taxonomicName>
*
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D1B06A9DFFDEFFAFFF4134D969160F50" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="99153916FFDEFFAFFF4134D968150CF5" blockId="49.[151,696,474,527]" box="[151,600,474,496]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B9BA1E38FFDEFFAFFF4134D968150CF5" box="[151,600,474,496]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<treatmentCitation id="180B1F07FFDEFFAFFF4134D968190CF5" author="Blandford, W. F. H." box="[151,596,474,496]" page="210" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" year="1896">
<taxonomicName id="5EAA4295FFDEFFAFFF4134D968190CF5" ID-CoL="5CJKZ" authority="Blandford, 1896 a: 210" authorityName="Blandford" authorityPageNumber="210" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,596,474,496]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semirudis">
<emphasis id="ABDEE504FFDEFFAFFF4134D96B2A0CF5" box="[151,359,474,496]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Xyleborus semirudis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FD3B44E7FFDEFFAFFEBA34D968190CF5" author="Blandford, W. F. H." box="[364,596,474,496]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="191 - 228" refId="ref73140" refString="Blandford, W. F. H. (1896 a) Descriptions of new Scolytidae from the Indo-Malayan and Austro-Malayan regions. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1896, 191 - 228. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1896. tb 00962. x" type="journal article" year="1896">Blandford, 1896a: 210</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="99153916FFDEFFAFFF4134FA68F50F0A" blockId="49.[151,696,474,527]" box="[151,696,505,527]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B9BA1E38FFDEFFAFFF4134FA68F50F0A" box="[151,696,505,527]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="5EAA4295FFDEFFAFFF4134FA6BB40F0A" ID-CoL="3DFCR" authority="(Blandford)" baseAuthorityName="Blandford" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[151,505,505,527]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Euwallacea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semirudis">
<emphasis id="ABDEE504FFDEFFAFFF4134FA6B3A0F0A" box="[151,375,505,527]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Euwallacea semirudis</emphasis>
(Blandford)
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="180B1F07FFDEFFAFFDD434FA68F90F0A" author="Wood, S. L." box="[514,692,505,527]" page="173" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" year="1989">
<bibRefCitation id="FD3B44E7FFDEFFAFFDD434FA68F90F0A" author="Wood, S. L." box="[514,692,505,527]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="167 - 185" refId="ref82514" refString="Wood, S. L. (1989) Nomenclatural changes and new species of Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Part IV. Great Basin Naturalist, 49, 167 - 185." type="journal article" year="1989">Wood, 1989: 173</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="99153916FFDEFFAFFF41373F69160F50" blockId="49.[151,1437,572,1245]" box="[151,859,572,597]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
Thai distribution:
<emphasis id="ABDEE504FFDEFFAFFEB7373F6B340F50" bold="true" box="[353,377,572,597]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S:</emphasis>
Nakhon Sri Thammarat. New to
<collectingCountry id="E1BD7986FFDEFFAFFD26373F691A0F50" box="[752,855,572,597]" name="Thailand" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Thailand</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D1B06A9DFFDEFFAFFF11376369C309D8" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="description">
<paragraph id="99153916FFDEFFAFFF113763689E0FC5" blockId="49.[151,1437,572,1245]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<materialsCitation id="29C2334BFFDEFFAFFF11376368BF0F98" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3326775656" collectingDate="2009-12-01" collectingDateMax="2010-04-01" collectingDateMin="2009-12-01" collectionCode="NP" collectorName="W. Sittichaya" county="Khao Luang" elevation="70" latitude="8.372666" location="New" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="99.73741" municipality="Chang Klang Distr." pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCount="1">
<location id="9C756FCDFFDEFFAFFF1137636AB10F72" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:11038800FFDEFFAFFF41349769C309D8:9C756FCDFFDEFFAFFF1137636AB10F72" box="[199,252,608,631]" county="Khao Luang" latitude="8.372666" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="99.73741" municipality="Chang Klang Distr." name="New" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">New</location>
records:
<emphasis id="ABDEE504FFDEFFAFFEB1375C68C00F7D" bold="true" box="[359,653,607,632]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<location id="9C756FCDFFDEFFAFFEB1375C68C00F7D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:11038800FFDEFFAFFF41349769C309D8:9C756FCDFFDEFFAFFEB1375C68C00F7D" box="[359,653,607,632]" county="Khao Luang" latitude="8.372666" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="99.73741" municipality="Chang Klang Distr." name="Nakhon Sri Thammarat" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Nakhon Sri Thammarat</location>
</emphasis>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7971A36CFFDEFFAFFD4A375C69310F7D" box="[668,892,607,632]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Chang Klang Distr.</collectingMunicipality>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FC9E5FD1FFDEFFAFFC5F375C6E730F72" box="[905,1086,607,632]" degrees="08" direction="north" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="1" seconds="59.7" value="8.349916">08° 20' 59.7'' N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FC9E5FD1FFDEFFAFFB9D375C6EB10F72" box="[1099,1276,607,632]" degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="1" seconds="14.6" value="99.67072">99° 40' 14.6'' E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="5E5294F3FFDEFFAFFADC375C6F0A0F72" box="[1290,1351,607,632]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="70.0">
<elevation id="1287DE25FFDEFFAFFADC375C6F0A0F72" box="[1290,1351,607,632]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="70.0">70 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, durian plantation,
<collectingMethod id="40EB4101FFDEFFAFFEC237876BC70F9E" box="[276,394,644,669]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">EtOH trap</collectingMethod>
,
<date id="ED141FD6FFDEFFAFFE43378768590F98" box="[405,532,644,669]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2009-12-01">
<collectingDate id="FD50E63EFFDEFFAFFE43378768590F98" box="[405,532,644,669]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2009-12-01">01.xii.2009</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectorName id="345F5CC0FFDEFFAFFDF5378768F60F98" box="[547,699,644,669]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">W. Sittichaya</collectorName>
) (1);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="29C2334BFFDEFFAFFD2E378768830FC5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3326775390" collectingDate="2009-12-01" collectingDateMax="2010-04-01" collectingDateMin="2009-12-01" collectionCode="NP" collectorName="W. Sittichaya" county="Khao Luang" elevation="70" latitude="8.372666" location="New" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="99.73741" municipality="Chang Klang Distr." pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCounty id="7074419AFFDEFFAFFD2E378769CF0F99" box="[760,898,644,669]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Khao Luang</collectingCounty>
<collectionCode id="FFBBA1D3FFDEFFAFFC5F378769E00F9E" box="[905,941,644,667]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">NP</collectionCode>
, headquarters,
<geoCoordinate id="FC9E5FD1FFDEFFAFFB8237876F4F0F9E" box="[1108,1282,644,669]" degrees="08" direction="north" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="1" seconds="21.6" value="8.372666">08° 22' 21.6'' N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FC9E5FD1FFDEFFAFFADA37876AE60FBA" degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="1" seconds="14.7" value="99.73741">99° 44' 14.7'' E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="5E5294F3FFDEFFAFFF6037A46AB20FBA" box="[182,255,679,704]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.96" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="196.0">
<elevation id="1287DE25FFDEFFAFFF6037A46AB20FBA" box="[182,255,679,704]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.96" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="196.0">196 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingMethod id="40EB4101FFDEFFAFFEDD37A46BCC0FBA" box="[267,385,679,704]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">EtOH trap</collectingMethod>
,
<date id="ED141FD6FFDEFFAFFE5B37A46BB80FC5" box="[397,501,679,704]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2010-04-01">
<collectingDate id="FD50E63EFFDEFFAFFE5B37A46BB80FC5" box="[397,501,679,704]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2010-04-01">1.iv.2010</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectorName id="345F5CC0FFDEFFAFFDD237A468D00FC5" box="[516,669,679,704]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">W. Sittichaya</collectorName>
) (1)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="99153916FFDEFFAFFF1137CF697A0E0D" blockId="49.[151,1437,572,1245]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
Other distribution: Borneo,
<collectingCountry id="E1BD7986FFDEFFAFFDC837CF68C60FE0" box="[542,651,716,741]" name="Indonesia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="5B6EF7F4FFDEFFAFFD4937CF68980FE0" box="[671,725,716,741]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Java</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="5B6EF7F4FFDEFFAFFD3237CF691F0FE0" box="[740,850,716,741]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Sumatera</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="E1BD7986FFDEFFAFFCBC37CF699C0FE0" box="[874,977,716,741]" name="Malaysia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
(E. &amp; W.). The species also occurs in
<collectingCountry id="E1BD7986FFDEFFAFFF4137EC6B230E0D" box="[151,366,751,776]" name="Brunei" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Brunei Darussalam</collectingCountry>
(R. A. Beaver, unpublished records). (3)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="99153916FFDEFFAFFF1136176B280949" blockId="49.[151,1437,572,1245]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
Taxonomy:
<bibRefCitation id="FD3B44E7FFDEFFAFFE8536176BA00E28" author="Wood, S. L." box="[339,493,788,813]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="167 - 185" refId="ref82514" refString="Wood, S. L. (1989) Nomenclatural changes and new species of Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Part IV. Great Basin Naturalist, 49, 167 - 185." type="journal article" year="1989">Wood (1989)</bibRefCitation>
synonymised this species with the Afrotropical species,
<taxonomicName id="5EAA4295FFDEFFAFFB4E36176B420E55" authority="(Eichhoff)" baseAuthorityName="Eichhoff" baseAuthorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Euwallacea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthopus">
<emphasis id="ABDEE504FFDEFFAFFB4E36176FD10E28" box="[1176,1436,788,813]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Euwallacea xanthopus</emphasis>
(Eichhoff)
</taxonomicName>
. In view of the discovery of sibling species in the closely related species,
<taxonomicName id="5EAA4295FFDEFFAFFBB136346F280E55" box="[1127,1381,823,848]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Euwallacea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fornicatus">
<emphasis id="ABDEE504FFDEFFAFFBB136346F280E55" box="[1127,1381,823,848]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Euwallacea fornicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see above), and the presence of small morphological differences, it seems advisable to keep the species separate at present.
<taxonomicName id="5EAA4295FFDEFFAFFED2367C6BC40E9D" baseAuthorityName="Blandford" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[260,393,895,920]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Euwallacea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semirudis">
<emphasis id="ABDEE504FFDEFFAFFED2367C6BC40E9D" box="[260,393,895,920]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">E.semirudis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="5EAA4295FFDEFFAFFDFE367C68FE0E9D" baseAuthorityName="Eichhoff" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[552,691,895,920]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Euwallacea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthopus">
<emphasis id="ABDEE504FFDEFFAFFDFE367C68FE0E9D" box="[552,691,895,920]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">E.xanthopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the following characters (
<taxonomicName id="5EAA4295FFDEFFAFFBDF367C6EC00E9D" baseAuthorityName="Blandford" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[1033,1165,895,920]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Euwallacea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semirudis">
<emphasis id="ABDEE504FFDEFFAFFBDF367C6EC00E9D" box="[1033,1165,895,920]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">E.semirudis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
characters given first): mean length
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, range
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<emphasis id="ABDEE504FFDEFFAFFD4036A668E00EB9" box="[662,685,933,956]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">vs</emphasis>
mean
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, range
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; elytral declivity somewhat flattened and matt
<emphasis id="ABDEE504FFDEFFAFFEBB36CA6BC90EE5" box="[365,388,969,992]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">vs</emphasis>
evenly convex and shining; declivital striae 1 and 2 weakly impressed
<emphasis id="ABDEE504FFDEFFAFFB6136CA6E830EE5" box="[1207,1230,969,992]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">vs</emphasis>
declivital striae 1 and 2 not impressed; declivital interstriae 13 usually lacking hairs except at the top of the declivity, and with granules irregularly spaced
<emphasis id="ABDEE504FFDEFFAFFE0F31126BBD092D" box="[473,496,1041,1064]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">vs</emphasis>
declivital interstriae each with a regularly spaced row of granules bearing hairs extending to apex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="99153916FFDEFFAFFF113154680309BD" blockId="49.[151,1437,572,1245]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
Biology: Polyphagous (
<bibRefCitation id="FD3B44E7FFDEFFAFFE0E315468CB0975" author="Browne, F. G." box="[472,646,1111,1136]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 255" refId="ref73809" refString="Browne, F. G. (1961 a) The biology of Malayan Scolytidae and Platypodidae. Malayan Forest Records, 22, 1 - 255." type="journal article" year="1961">Browne 1961a</bibRefCitation>
). The gallery system resembles that of
<taxonomicName id="5EAA4295FFDEFFAFFB8A315B6EA7096A" box="[1116,1258,1112,1135]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Euwallacea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="interjectus">
<emphasis id="ABDEE504FFDEFFAFFB8A315B6EA7096A" box="[1116,1258,1112,1135]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">E.interjectus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see above) in larger stems. In smaller stems, the initial gallery is circumferential, and the brood develop in one or two longitudinal branches (
<bibRefCitation id="FD3B44E7FFDEFFAFFE41319C680C09BD" author="Browne, F. G." box="[407,577,1183,1208]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 255" refId="ref73809" refString="Browne, F. G. (1961 a) The biology of Malayan Scolytidae and Platypodidae. Malayan Forest Records, 22, 1 - 255." type="journal article" year="1961">Browne 1961a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="99153916FFDEFFAFFF1131C769C309D8" blockId="49.[151,1437,572,1245]" box="[199,910,1220,1245]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
Illustrations: D (
<bibRefCitation id="FD3B44E7FFDEFFAFFEA831C7686D09D8" author="Nunberg, M." box="[382,544,1220,1245]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="413 - 466" refId="ref78999" refString="Nunberg, M. (1959) Die Gattung Xyleborus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Erganzungen, Berichtugungen und Erweiterung der Diagnosen. Beitrage zur Entomologie, 9, 413 - 466." type="journal article" year="1959">Nunberg 1959</bibRefCitation>
as
<taxonomicName id="5EAA4295FFDEFFAFFD9331C769CF09D8" authority="Eggers" authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1923" box="[581,898,1220,1245]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sereinuus">
<emphasis id="ABDEE504FFDEFFAFFD9331C7696509D9" box="[581,808,1220,1245]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Xyleborus sereinuus</emphasis>
Eggers
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>