195 lines
19 KiB
XML
195 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.73.e98367" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2625-8498-73-57" ID-Pensoft-UUID="9B191FC9F94150C2B828F960AED7B94B" ID-ZooBank="45578678ECC741FC81E06FB045D2CF78" ModsDocID="2625-8498-73-57" checkinTime="1674741927323" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Raghavan, Rajeev, Sundar, Remya L., Arjun, C. P., Britz, Ralf & Dahanukar, Neelesh" docDate="2023" docId="10F2EE9759595C18BE255B6FFB1C197E" docLanguage="en" docName="VertZool 73: 57-74" docOrigin="Vertebrate Zoology 73" docPubDate="2023-01-25" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.73.e98367" docTitle="Horaglanis populi Raghavan & Sundar & Arjun & Britz & Dahanukar 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="64F96C39-BC11-44B6-807B-A0DF8D76A97C" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="2" id="9B191FC9F94150C2B828F960AED7B94B" lastPageNumber="57" masterDocId="9B191FC9F94150C2B828F960AED7B94B" masterDocTitle="Evolution in the dark: Unexpected genetic diversity and morphological stasis in the blind, aquifer-dwelling catfish Horaglanis" masterLastPageNumber="74" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="57" updateTime="1674742229046" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Evolution in the dark: Unexpected genetic diversity and morphological stasis in the blind, aquifer-dwelling catfish Horaglanis</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Raghavan, Rajeev</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Fisheries Resource Management,</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sundar, Remya L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Fisheries Resource Management,</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Arjun, C. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2652-9805</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS), Kochi, India & Malabar Awareness and Rescue Center (MARC), Kannur, Kerala, India</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Britz, Ralf</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0126-4660</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Malabar Awareness and Rescue Center (MARC), Kannur, Kerala, India</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dahanukar, Neelesh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7162-9023</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Senckenberg Natural History Collections, Dresden, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">neelesh.dahanukar@snu.edu.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Vertebrate Zoology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-01-25</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>73</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>57</mods:start>
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<mods:end>74</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.73.e98367</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.73.e98367</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2625-8498-73-57</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">45578678ECC741FC81E06FB045D2CF78</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">9B191FC9F94150C2B828F960AED7B94B</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:64F96C39-BC11-44B6-807B-A0DF8D76A97C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/10F2EE9759595C18BE255B6FFB1C197E" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/64F96C39-BC11-44B6-807B-A0DF8D76A97C" authority="Raghavan & Sundar & Arjun & Britz & Dahanukar, 2023" authorityName="Raghavan & Sundar & Arjun & Britz & Dahanukar" authorityYear="2023" class="Pisces" family="Clariidae" genus="Horaglanis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Horaglanis populi" order="Siluriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="populi" status="sp. nov.">Horaglanis populi</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="57">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Horaglanis populi holotype (KUFOS. F. 2022.101, 32.5 mm standard length) in A life and B - F immediately after preservation. A, B Lateral view; C ventral view; D dorsal view; E lateral view of head; F ventral view of head." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.73.e98367.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800095" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">KUFOS.F.2022.101, 32.5mm SL. from a dug-out well at Malapally, Kerala, India (21 m asl), collected by Remya L. Sundar, Arya Sidharthan and C.P. Arjun on 6 Dec 2020.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="paratypes (n = 5)">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Paratypes (n = 5).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">KUFOS.F.2022.102, 23.9mm SL, from a dug-out well at Thiruvalla, Kerala, India (7 m asl), collected by V.K. Anoop on 11 Dec 2019; KUFOS.F.2022.103, 26.8mm SL, from a dug-out well at Edanadu, Kerala, India (18 m asl), collected by Remya L. Sundar and Arya Sidharthan on 03 Dec 2020; KUFOS.F.2022.104, 27.4mm SL, from a dug-out well at Thiruvanvandoor, Chengannur, Kerala, India (5 m asl), collected by Remya L. Sundar on 10 Mar 2022; KUFOS.F.2022.105, 29.0mm SL, from a dug-out well at Thiruvanvandoor, Chengannur, Kerala, India (5 m asl), collected by Arya Sidharthan on 14 Dec 2020; KUFOS.F.2022.106, 29.4mm SL, from a dug-out well in Chengannur, Kerala, India (5 m asl), collected by Remya L. Sundar and Arya Sidharthan on 01 Dec 2021.</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/vz.73.e98367.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800095" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Figure 5.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Raghavan & Sundar & Arjun & Britz & Dahanukar" authorityYear="2023" class="Pisces" family="Clariidae" genus="Horaglanis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Horaglanis populi" order="Siluriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="populi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Horaglanis populi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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holotype (KUFOS.F.2022.101, 32.5 mm standard length) in
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">A</emphasis>
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life and
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">B</emphasis>
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-
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">F</emphasis>
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immediately after preservation.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">A</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">B</emphasis>
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Lateral view;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">C</emphasis>
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ventral view;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">D</emphasis>
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dorsal view;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">E</emphasis>
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lateral view of head;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">F</emphasis>
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ventral view of head.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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The species name
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">populi</emphasis>
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, genitive of the Latin noun
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">populus</emphasis>
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= people, honours the invaluable contributions made by interested members of the public in the southern Indian state of Kerala, helping to document the biodiversity of subterranean and groundwater systems, including the discovery of this new species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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A species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Menon" authorityYear="1950" class="Pisces" family="Clariidae" genus="Horaglanis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Horaglanis" order="Siluriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Horaglanis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as evidenced by the absence of eyes and pigment, a blood-red body in life, a highly reduced pectoral fin in which only a shortened spine is present, an elongate body with long dorsal and anal fins extending to the base of the caudal peduncle, and four pairs of well-developed barbels. Genetically,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Raghavan & Sundar & Arjun & Britz & Dahanukar" authorityYear="2023" class="Pisces" family="Clariidae" genus="Horaglanis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Horaglanis populi" order="Siluriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="populi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Horaglanis populi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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forms a distinct clade, the sister group to the other three congeners (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree of species of Horaglanis and their delimitation. A Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on concatenated mitochondrial COI, cyt b, 12 S rRNA and 16 S rRNA gene sequences employing best partition scheme and nucleotide substitution models. B Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis based on COI gene employing best partition scheme and nucleotide substitution models. Species delimitation based on ASAP, PTP, bPTP and mPTP processes shown as bars adjacent to species names. C Box plots of intraspecific and interspecific genetic p-distances in COI gene. Genetic gap between greatest intraspecific (5.3 %) and smallest interspecific (7.0 %) genetic distance shown in light grey. A, B Clarias species used as outgroups. Values along nodes are bootstrap supports based on 1000 iterations. Asterisks indicate sequences generated in the current study." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.73.e98367.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800092" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">2</figureCitation>
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), from which it differs by a genetic uncorrected p distance of 13.8-17.4% in the COI gene, and between 12.3-14.0% in the cyt
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">b</emphasis>
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gene. Specifically,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="H. populi" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="populi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">H. populi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from all three known species in the barcoding gene (Supplementary Table S4) in positions 106 (C vs. T), 115 (T vs. C), 142 (T vs. C), 171 (G vs. A), 183 (T vs. C), 216 (A vs. C or T), 234 (C vs. T), 237 (G vs. A), 265 (T vs. G), 270 (C vs. A), 312 (A vs. C or T), 324 (A vs. C), 325 (T vs. C) 330 (G. vs. A or T), 350 (G vs. T), 363 (T vs. G), 421 (C vs. G), 448 (C vs. T), 481 (G vs. T), 489 (C vs. T), 496 (A vs. G), 517 (c vs. T), 528 (G vs. T), 533 (G vs. A), 538 (A vs. C), 539 (A vs. G), 542 (T vs. C), 565 (T vs. A), 576 (G vs. T or C), 597 (A vs. C), 618 (C vs. T), 633 (G vs. A) and 636 (C vs. T).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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Body elongated (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Horaglanis populi holotype (KUFOS. F. 2022.101, 32.5 mm standard length) in A life and B - F immediately after preservation. A, B Lateral view; C ventral view; D dorsal view; E lateral view of head; F ventral view of head." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.73.e98367.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800095" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">5</figureCitation>
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), round in cross section anteriorly, laterally compressed posteriorly, dorsal profile slightly convex to start of dorsal fin, straight more posteriorly. Ventral profile convex in head region, then straight posteriorly. Head large, 15.7-20.4% standard length (Table
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<tableCitation captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="T6" captionText="Table 6. Intraspecific variation in morphometric characters across three different species of Horaglanis from our collection. Comparative material of Horaglanis alikunhii was not available for morphometric analysis." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BCA949B053493492C1CDBA1AE7072494" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" tableUuid="BCA949B053493492C1CDBA1AE7072494">6</tableCitation>
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), with dorsally and laterally bulging adductor muscles. Snout truncated. Mouth wide, terminal. Eye absent. Four pairs of barbels: two mandibular, one maxillary and one nasal barbel pair; nasal and inner mandibular barbels shorter than maxillary and outer mandibular barbels. Maxillary and outer mandibular barbels reaching posterior border of pectoral fins when folded back. Gill opening large, extending to slightly above pectoral-fin base; gill membranes united with isthmus. Scales absent. Caudal peduncle laterally compressed, 9.3-16.9% of standard length. Dorsal fin long, with 22-23 soft rays (xiii-xiv unbranched/8-9 branched), originating in advance of pelvic fin origin. Anal fin long, with xiii-xvii unbranched rays, starting opposite dorsal fin ray number 9, ending opposite base of last dorsal fin ray. Pectoral fin vestigial, consisting only of modified pectoral fin spine covered by thickened skin. Pelvic fin short, wide, with rounded margin, with ii-iv unbranched and 2-4 branched rays. Caudal fin with rounded posterior margin, with 8-9 branched and 2-4 dorsal unbranched and 2-4 ventral unbranched rays.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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Head skeleton well ossified (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. 3 - D reconstructed CT-images of head and anterior vertebrae of Horaglanis populi, KUFOS. F. 2022.106, 29.3 mm. A Lateral view, note large trigeminofacial foramen (marked by asterisk) in lateral wall of neurocranium; B dorsal view illustrating lack of epiphyseal bridge and large cranial fontanelle (margin marked by line of dots); C anterior view of upper and lower jaws, showing rows of sharply pointed recurved, villiform teeth." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.73.e98367.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800096" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">6</figureCitation>
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); neurocranium with a single large cranial fontanelle, no epiphyseal bridge connecting frontals in dorsal midline; lateral neurocranium wall with large trigeminofacial foramen; supraoccipital with long, narrow and pointed crest; opercle small and subtriangular. Jaws massive, dentary and premaxilla studded with numerous rows of closely set, recurved villiform teeth.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/vz.73.e98367.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800096" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Figure 6.</emphasis>
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3-D reconstructed CT-images of head and anterior vertebrae of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Raghavan & Sundar & Arjun & Britz & Dahanukar" authorityYear="2023" class="Pisces" family="Clariidae" genus="Horaglanis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Horaglanis populi" order="Siluriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="populi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Horaglanis populi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, KUFOS.F.2022.106, 29.3 mm.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">A</emphasis>
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Lateral view, note large trigeminofacial foramen (marked by asterisk) in lateral wall of neurocranium;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">B</emphasis>
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dorsal view illustrating lack of epiphyseal bridge and large cranial fontanelle (margin marked by line of dots);
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">C</emphasis>
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anterior view of upper and lower jaws, showing rows of sharply pointed recurved, villiform teeth.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Raghavan & Sundar & Arjun & Britz & Dahanukar" authorityYear="2023" class="Pisces" family="Clariidae" genus="Horaglanis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Horaglanis populi" order="Siluriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="populi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Horaglanis populi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is restricted to the lateritic aquifer systems in the Alappuzha and Pathanamthitta Districts of Kerala, southern India, where it has been collected from dug-out wells in the towns of Malapally, Edanadu, and Chengannur, and the nearby village of Thiruvanvandoor (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Habitus, habitat and distribution of Horaglanis in Kerala, southwestern India. A Horaglanis in life. B Typical laterite rock showing tiny pores. C Homestead lateritic dug-out well in Kerala - habitat of Horaglanis. D Range and species-specific localities within the lateritic soil zone of Kerala based on published distribution records prior to current study. E Current distribution records resulting from our citizen science campaign. Colored circles are genetically confirmed species, while unfilled / white circles indicate records available from social and print media that were not genetically analyzed." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.73.e98367.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800091" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">1E</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |