298 lines
32 KiB
XML
298 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.560.6264" ID-GBIF-Dataset="48bd4e9c-4763-413e-8389-359c4c55bc8c" ID-PMC="PMC4768370" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-560-1" ID-PubMed="27006611" ID-ZBK="F4C1691C13584FA9A031E305DEE2B6A2" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-560-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 560" ModsDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the tarantula genus Aphonopelma Pocock, 1901 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae) within the United States" checkinTime="1454620567459" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hamilton, Chris A., Hendrixson, Brent E. & Bond, Jason E." docDate="2016" docId="10DCBB6FA4585768C576D7C9421FD016" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 560: 1-340" docOrigin="ZooKeys 560" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.560.6264" docTitle="Aphonopelma moellendorfi Hamilton, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="4BB4EC30-71DA-4352-8FE4-0845D67EAA0C" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="187" masterDocId="FFAAA03F4F6CFFFEFF94FFF0FFBDFFE9" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the tarantula genus Aphonopelma Pocock, 1901 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae) within the United States" masterLastPageNumber="340" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="184" updateTime="1668162572149" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomic revision of the tarantula genus Aphonopelma Pocock, 1901 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae) within the United States</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hamilton, Chris A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hendrixson, Brent E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bond, Jason E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>560</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>340</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.560.6264</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.560.6264</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-560-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">F4C1691C13584FA9A031E305DEE2B6A2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">F4C1691C13584FA9A031E305DEE2B6A2</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127885003" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4BB4EC30-71DA-4352-8FE4-0845D67EAA0C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/10DCBB6FA4585768C576D7C9421FD016" lastPageId="186" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">
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<subSubSection pageId="183" pageNumber="184" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="183" pageNumber="184">Taxon classification Animalia Araneae Theraphosidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="183" pageNumber="184" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="183" pageNumber="184">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/4BB4EC30-71DA-4352-8FE4-0845D67EAA0C" authority="Hamilton" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma moellendorfi" order="Araneae" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moellendorfi">Aphonopelma moellendorfi Hamilton</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="183" pageNumber="184">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figures 98, 99
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="184" pageNumber="185" type="types">
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<paragraph pageId="184" pageNumber="185">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="184" pageNumber="185" start="start">Types</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="184" pageNumber="185">Male holotype (APH_0925) from N of Del Rio on Hwy 277, Val Verde Co., Texas, 29.488717 -100.907633 5, elev. 1190ft., 2006, coll. Dave Moellendorf; deposited in AUMNH. Paratype male (APH_0928) from Del Rio - Hwy 90 W of Lake Amistad, Val Verde Co., Texas, 29.618868 -101.104385 5, elev. 1406ft., 2006, coll. Dave Moellendorf; deposited in AMNH.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="184" pageNumber="185" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="184" pageNumber="185">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="184" pageNumber="185">
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The specific epithet is a patronym in recognition of Dave Moellendorf, a friend and mentor to CAH. Moellendorf introduced CAH to the tarantula fauna of Texas and encouraged and fostered
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<normalizedToken originalValue="CAH’s">CAH's</normalizedToken>
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early research on the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma" order="Araneae" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aphonopelma</taxonomicName>
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. Moellendorf has also spent countless hours educating the public on the importance of spiders on our planet.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="184" pageNumber="185" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="184" pageNumber="185">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="184" pageNumber="185">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma moellendorfi" order="Araneae" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moellendorfi">Aphonopelma moellendorfi</taxonomicName>
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belongs to the
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<taxonomicName genus="Mygalomorphae" lsidName="Mygalomorphae moderatum" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" rank="species" species="moderatum">moderatum</taxonomicName>
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species complex and can be distinguished by a combination of morphological, molecular, and geographic characteristics. Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA identifies
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma moellendorfi" order="Araneae" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moellendorfi">Aphonopelma moellendorfi</taxonomicName>
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as a phylogenetically distinct monophyletic lineage (Figs 7-8), supported as the sister lineage to
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma gabeli" order="Araneae" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabeli">Aphonopelma gabeli</taxonomicName>
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and closely related to
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma moderatum" order="Araneae" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moderatum">Aphonopelma moderatum</taxonomicName>
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. Immature and penultimate males of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma moellendorfi" order="Araneae" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moellendorfi">Aphonopelma moellendorfi</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma moderatum" order="Araneae" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moderatum">Aphonopelma moderatum</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma gabeli" order="Araneae" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabeli">Aphonopelma gabeli</taxonomicName>
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due to their overall phenotypic appearance (i.e.,
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma moellendorfi" order="Araneae" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moellendorfi">Aphonopelma moellendorfi</taxonomicName>
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closely resemble
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma hentzi" order="Araneae" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hentzi">Aphonopelma hentzi</taxonomicName>
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; D. Moellendorf, pers. comm.). Mature male
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma moellendorfi" order="Araneae" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moellendorfi">Aphonopelma moellendorfi</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma anax" order="Araneae" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anax">Aphonopelma anax</taxonomicName>
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by the shape of their palpal bulbs. The significant measurement that distinguishes male
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma moellendorfi" order="Araneae" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moellendorfi">Aphonopelma moellendorfi</taxonomicName>
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from its closely related phylogenetic and syntopic species is M1. Male
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma moellendorfi" order="Araneae" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moellendorfi">Aphonopelma moellendorfi</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished by possessing a larger M1/M3 (≥0.95; 0.95-1.00) than
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma gabeli" order="Araneae" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabeli">Aphonopelma gabeli</taxonomicName>
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(≤0.94; 0.90-0.94); by possessing a smaller PTl/M1 (≤0.69; 0.60-0.69) than
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma armada" order="Araneae" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armada">Aphonopelma armada</taxonomicName>
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(≥0.73; 0.73-0.83) and
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma hentzi" order="Araneae" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hentzi">Aphonopelma hentzi</taxonomicName>
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(≥0.74; 0.74-0.88); and a smaller CL/M1 (≤1.31; 1.10-1.31) than
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma anax" order="Araneae" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anax">Aphonopelma anax</taxonomicName>
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(≥1.36; 1.36-1.63) and
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma armada" order="Araneae" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armada">Aphonopelma armada</taxonomicName>
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(≥1.36; 1.36-1.47). There are no significant measurements that separate male
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma moellendorfi" order="Araneae" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moellendorfi">Aphonopelma moellendorfi</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma moderatum" order="Araneae" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moderatum">Aphonopelma moderatum</taxonomicName>
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. Females of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma moellendorfi" order="Araneae" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moellendorfi">Aphonopelma moellendorfi</taxonomicName>
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are unknown at this time.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="185" lastPageNumber="186" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" type="description of male holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="184" pageNumber="185">Description of male holotype</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="185" lastPageNumber="186" pageId="184" pageNumber="185">
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(APH_0925; Fig. 98). Specimen preparation and condition: Specimen collected live crossing road, preserved in 80% ethanol; original coloration faded due to preservation. Left legs I, III, IV, and left pedipalp removed for measurements and photographs; stored in vial with specimen. Right leg III removed
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<pageBreakToken pageId="185" pageNumber="186" start="start">for</pageBreakToken>
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DNA and stored at -80°C in the AUMNH (Auburn, AL). General coloration: Generally black or faded to brown. Cephalothorax: Carapace 17.23 mm long, 15.48 mm wide; densely clothed with black/brown pubescence, with slight iridescence, appressed to surface; fringe covered in long setae not closely appressed to surface; foveal groove medium deep and straight; pars cephalica region rises gradually from foveal groove, gently arching anteriorly toward ocular area; AER slightly procurved, PER slightly recurved; normal sized chelicerae; clypeus straight; LBl 1.96, LBw 2.21; sternum hirsute, clothed with short black/brown, densely packed setae. Abdomen: Densely clothed in short black/brown pubescence with numerous longer, lighter setae interspersed (generally red or orange in situ); dense dorsal patch of black Type I urticating bristles (
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<bibRefCitation pageId="185" pageNumber="186">Cooke et al. 1972</bibRefCitation>
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). Legs: Hirsute; densely clothed with short, similar length black/brown setae, and longer setae dorsally. Metatarsus I slightly curved. F1 17.53; F1w 4.15; P1 7.25; T1 13.73; M1 13.11; A1 8.20; F3 14.27; F3w 4.52; P3 5.79; T3 11.18; M3 13.14; A3 7.48; F4 15.96; F4w 4.35; P4 5.88; T4 13.78; M4 16.62; A4 8.77; femur III is normal - not noticeably swollen or wider than other legs. All tarsi fully scopulate. Extent of metatarsal scopulation: leg III (SC3) = 67.3%; leg IV (SC4) = 40.2%. One ventral spinose seta on metatarsus III; five ventral spinose setae on metatarsus IV. The prolateral branch of the tibial apophyses possesses a very large megaspine that projects anteriorly. Coxa I: Prolateral surface a mix of fine, hair-like and thin tapered setae. Pedipalps: Hirsute; densely clothed in the same setal color as the other legs, with numerous longer ventral setae; one spinose seta at the apical, prolateral femur; one spinose seta on the prolateral patella; two spinose setae on the prolateral tibia; PTl 9.125, PTw 2.051. When extended, embolus tapers with a gentle curve to the retrolateral side near apex; embolus slender (i.e., more stout than
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<taxonomicName genus="Mygalomorphae" lsidName="Mygalomorphae hentzi" pageId="185" pageNumber="186" rank="species" species="hentzi">hentzi</taxonomicName>
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), no keels.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="185" pageNumber="186">
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<paragraph pageId="185" pageNumber="186">
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Figure 98.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma moellendorfi" order="Araneae" pageId="185" pageNumber="186" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moellendorfi">Aphonopelma moellendorfi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–I">A-I</normalizedToken>
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male holotype, APH_0925 A dorsal view of carapace, scale bar = 6mm B prolateral view of coxa I C dorsal view of femur III D ventral view of metatarsus III, scale bar = 4.5mm E ventral view of metatarsus IV, scale bar = 3mm F prolateral view of L pedipalp and palpal tibia, scale bar = 4mm G dorsal view of palpal bulb H retrolateral view of palpal bulb, scale bar = 1mm I prolateral view of tibia I (mating clasper), scale bar = 5.5mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="185" pageNumber="186">
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Variation (5).Cl 15.05-17.56 (16.192
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.51), Cw 13.27-15.48 (14.308
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.39), LBl 1.65-2.04 (1.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.07), LBw 1.84-2.28 (2.124
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.09), F1 16.36-18.10 (17.338
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.32), F1w 3.42-4.15 (3.81
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.14), P1 6.31-7.25 (6.698
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.17), T1 13.57-15.75 (14.396
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.41), M1 13.11-15.27 (13.814
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.42), A1 7.68-8.49 (8.126
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.14), L1 length 57.15-64.29 (60.372
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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1.25), F3 13.56-15.47 (14.28
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.34), F3w 3.7-4.52 (4.034
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.14), P3 4.84-5.79 (5.36
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.18), T3 10.02-11.79 (10.972
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.38), M3 13.11-15.48 (14.032
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.45), A3 7.04-8.47 (7.678
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.24), L3 length 49.71-56.88 (52.322
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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1.34), F4 17.29-15.38 (16.23
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.31), F4w 4.35-3.51 (3.846
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.15), P4 6.02-5.14 (5.536
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.17), T4 12.52-14.12 (13.38
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.31), M4 16.04-18.88 (17.518
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.54), A4 8.14-9.17 (8.616
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.17), L4 length 58.64-64.39 (61.28
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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1.15), PTl 8.6-9.175 (8.898
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.12), PTw 2.051-2.67 (2.418
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.11), SC3 ratio 0.571-0.785 (0.674
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.03), SC4 ratio 0.341-0.481 (0.409
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.03), Coxa I setae = thin tapered, F3 condition = normal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="186" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="185" pageNumber="186" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="185" pageNumber="186">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="186" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="185" pageNumber="186">
|
||
United States: Texas: Presidio: Hwy 169, 29.938343 -104.034011 6, 3992ft., [APH_0948, 2006, 1♂, Dave Moellendorf, AUMNH]; Sierra Vieja Mtns, 13 miles west Valentine, 30.723313 -104.669391 4, 4127ft., [APH_0938, 2006, 1♂, Dave Moellendorf, AUMNH]; [APH_0969, 2006, 1♂, Dave Moellendorf, AUMNH]; Val Verde: Del Rio - Hwy 90 W of Lake Amistad, 29.618868 -101.104385 5, 1406ft., [APH_0928, 2006, 1♂, Dave Moellendorf, AMNH]; N of
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="186" pageNumber="187" start="start">Del</pageBreakToken>
|
||
Rio on Hwy 277, 29.488717 -100.907633 5, 1190ft., [APH_0925, 2006, 1♂, Dave Moellendorf, AUMNH].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="186" pageNumber="187" type="distribution and natural history">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="186" pageNumber="187">Distribution and natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma moellendorfi" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moellendorfi">Aphonopelma moellendorfi</taxonomicName>
|
||
is presently known from only a handful of localities in southwestern Texas, along the border with Mexico from Del Rio west to the Sierra Vieja Mountains (Fig. 99), where they can be found inhabiting the following Level III Ecoregions: Southern Texas Plains and Chihuahuan Deserts.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma moellendorfi" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moellendorfi">Aphonopelma moellendorfi</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be found in syntopy with a handful of other species across its distribution including
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma armada" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armada">Aphonopelma armada</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma hentzi" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hentzi">Aphonopelma hentzi</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma moderatum" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moderatum">Aphonopelma moderatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The breeding season, when mature males abandon their burrows in search of females, seems to be limited to late spring and summer (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="May–July">May-July</normalizedToken>
|
||
). Extensive sampling throughout extreme West Texas and northern Mexico will be necessary to fully understand the distribution of this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
|
||
Figure 99.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma moellendorfi" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moellendorfi">Aphonopelma moellendorfi</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. distribution of known specimens. There is no predicted distribution map due to the limited number of sampling localities and restricted distribution this species possesses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="186" pageNumber="187" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="186" pageNumber="187">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="186" pageNumber="187">This enigmatic species is only known from a handful of localities in the United States so it would be premature to comment on its conservation status. Fieldwork in West Texas and northern Mexico is necessary to more fully understand the abundance and extent of this species.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="186" pageNumber="187" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="186" pageNumber="187">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma moellendorfi" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moellendorfi">Aphonopelma moellendorfi</taxonomicName>
|
||
males are morphologically similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma gabeli" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabeli">Aphonopelma gabeli</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma moderatum" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moderatum">Aphonopelma moderatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and lack the characteristic shiny copper or bronze carapace found in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma hentzi" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hentzi">Aphonopelma hentzi</taxonomicName>
|
||
. But interestingly, while females of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma moellendorfi" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moellendorfi">Aphonopelma moellendorfi</taxonomicName>
|
||
remain unknown, it should be noted that immature males closely resemble
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma hentzi" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hentzi">Aphonopelma hentzi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(D. Moellendorf, pers. comm., collected and raised immature males to maturity). Other important ratios that distinguish males:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma moellendorfi" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moellendorfi">Aphonopelma moellendorfi</taxonomicName>
|
||
possess a larger L1/L4 (≥0.96; 0.96-1.00) than
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma gabeli" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabeli">Aphonopelma gabeli</taxonomicName>
|
||
(≤0.95; 0.90-0.95) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma anax" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anax">Aphonopelma anax</taxonomicName>
|
||
(≤0.94; 0.88-0.94); by possessing a larger M1/F4 (≥0.81; 0.81-0.88) than
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma anax" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anax">Aphonopelma anax</taxonomicName>
|
||
(≤0.75; 0.69-0.75) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma hentzi" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hentzi">Aphonopelma hentzi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(≤0.77; 0.68-0.77). Certain morphometrics have potential to be useful, though due to the amounts of variation, small number of specimens, and the small differences between species, no other are claimed to be significant at this time (see Suppl. material 2). During evaluation of traditional PCA morphospace, males of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma moellendorfi" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moellendorfi">Aphonopelma moellendorfi</taxonomicName>
|
||
separate from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma armada" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armada">Aphonopelma armada</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma hentzi" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hentzi">Aphonopelma hentzi</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma anax" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anax">Aphonopelma anax</taxonomicName>
|
||
along PC1~2, but do not separate from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma gabeli" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabeli">Aphonopelma gabeli</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma moderatum" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moderatum">Aphonopelma moderatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Interestingly,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma moellendorfi" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moellendorfi">Aphonopelma moellendorfi</taxonomicName>
|
||
males separate from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma anax" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anax">Aphonopelma anax</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma armada" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armada">Aphonopelma armada</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma hentzi" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hentzi">Aphonopelma hentzi</taxonomicName>
|
||
in three-dimensional PCA morphospace (PC1~PC2~PC3), but do not separate from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma gabeli" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabeli">Aphonopelma gabeli</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma moderatum" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moderatum">Aphonopelma moderatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma moellendorfi" order="Araneae" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moellendorfi">Aphonopelma moellendorfi</taxonomicName>
|
||
are unknown at this time. PC1, PC2, and PC3 explain ≥96% of the variation in male analyses. Unfortunately, at this time we do not have photos of live specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |