737 lines
84 KiB
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737 lines
84 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.574.7111" ID-PMC="PMC4829902" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-574-57" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7122C76AFFC6FFC4A53DFFA7FFE48B45" ID-PubMed="27110177" ID-Zenodo-Dep="579323" ID-ZooBank="D94A118E09014A8B95DC4C77D58B534D" ModsDocID="1313-2970-574-57" checkinTime="1459365975595" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wang, Chenchen, Wang, Zongqing & Che, Yanli" docDate="2016" docId="0595D4673AABD90679F4A556BA23BF65" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 574: 57-73" docOrigin="ZooKeys 574" docPubDate="2016-03-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.574.7111" docTitle="Protagonista lugubris Shelford 1908, new record from China" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="7122C76AFFC6FFC4A53DFFA7FFE48B45" lastPageNumber="64" masterDocId="7122C76AFFC6FFC4A53DFFA7FFE48B45" masterDocTitle="Protagonista lugubris, a cockroach species new to China and its contribution to the revision of genus Protagonista, with notes on the taxonomy of Archiblattinae (Blattodea, Blattidae)" masterLastPageNumber="73" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="59" updateTime="1668162862523" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Protagonista lugubris, a cockroach species new to China and its contribution to the revision of genus Protagonista, with notes on the taxonomy of Archiblattinae (Blattodea, Blattidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Wang, Chenchen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, P. R. China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Wang, Zongqing</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, P. R. China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Che, Yanli</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, P. R. China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">shirleyche2000@126.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2016-03-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>574</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>57</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.574.7111</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.574.7111</mods:identifier>
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<subSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="taxonomy">
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127903160" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0595D4673AABD90679F4A556BA23BF65" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0595D4673AABD90679F4A556BA23BF65" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
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<taxonomicName LSID="0595D467-3AAB-D906-79F4-A556BA23BF65" authority="Shelford, 1908" authorityName="Shelford" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Blattidae" genus="Protagonista" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protagonista lugubris" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris" status="new record from China">Protagonista lugubris Shelford, 1908</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="2" pageNumber="59">new record from China</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–6" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 6. Protagonista lugubris Shelford. 1 - 2 Male from Hainan: 1 dorsal view 2 ventral view 3 - 4 Female from Hainan: 3 dorsal view 4 ventral view 5 - 6 Male from Guangxi: 5 dorsal view 6 ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures1-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82973" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Figs 1-6</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–12" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 7 - 12. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Hainan: 7 pronotum 8 tegmen 9 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 10 supra-anal plate and paraprocts, ventral view 11 subgenital plate, dorsal view 12 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures7-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82975" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">, 7-12</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 13–22" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 13 - 22. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Hainan: 13 head, frontal view 14 maxillary palps 3 - 5 15 front femur 16 pronotum 17 tegmen 18 hind wing 19 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 20 supra-anal plate and paraprocts, ventral view 21 subgenital plate, dorsal view 22 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (13, 15 - 16, 19 - 21), 0.5 mm (14, 22), 2.0 mm (17 - 18)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures13-22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82976" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">, 13-22</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 23–27" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 23 - 27. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, female from Hainan, female genitalia: 23 posterior view and dorsal view of subgenital plate 24 valves and accessory sclerites, dorsal view 25 first valve, ventral view 26 second valve, ventral view 27 third valve, ventral view. Scale bars = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures23-27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82977" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">, 23-27</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 28–33" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 28 - 33. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Guangxi: 28 pronotum 29 tegmen 30 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 31 supra-anal plate and paraprocts broken, ventral view 32 subgenital plate, dorsal view 33 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (28, 30 - 33), 2.0 mm (29)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures28-33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82979" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">, 28-33</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 34–43" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 34 - 43. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Guangxi: 34 head, frontal view 35 maxillary palps 3 - 5 36 front femur 37 pronotum 38 tegmen 39 hind wing 40 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 41 supra-anal plate and paraprocts broken, ventral view 42 subgenital plate, dorsal view 43 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (34, 36 - 37, 40), 0.5 mm (35, 41 - 42), 2.0 mm (38 - 39)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures34-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82980" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">, 34-43</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 44–47" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 44 - 47. Protagonista species, holotypes and labels. 44 Protagonista lugubris, male 45 Protagonista pertristis stat. rev., female 46 Protagonista fusca, now synonym of Protagonista pertristis, male 47 Protagonista aterrima, now synonym of Protagonista pertristis, female. Scale bars: 5.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures44-47" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82982" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">, 45</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 48–49" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 48 - 49. 48 Protagonista lugubris Shelford, adult female from Longtan Park in Guiping, Guangxi, 2011. VIII. 4, eating a wasp body near a light trap 49 Protagonista lugubris Shelford, adult male from Diaoluo Mt. in Lingshui, Hainan. Both photographed by XinRan Li (= Conlin McCat)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures48-49" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82983" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">, 48-49</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
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<taxonomicName authority="Wang & Wang & Che, 2016" authorityName="Wang & Wang & Che" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Blattidae" genus="Protagonista" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protagonista lugubris" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris" status="new record from China">Protagonista lugubris</taxonomicName>
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Shelford, 1908: 158;
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<bibRefCitation author="Shelford, R" editor="Wytsman, P" journalOrPublisher="Belgique" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 27" refId="B27" refString="Shelford, R, 1910. Orthoptera Fam. Blattidae Subfam. Blattinae (= Periplanetinae). In: Wytsman, P, Ed., Genera Insectorum. Belgique: 1 - 27" title="Orthoptera Fam. Blattidae Subfam. Blattinae (= Periplanetinae)." volumeTitle="Genera Insectorum." year="1910">Shelford 1910</bibRefCitation>
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: 22;
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<bibRefCitation author="Hanitsch, R" journalOrPublisher="Sarawak Museum Journal" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" pagination="7 - 48" refId="B9" refString="Hanitsch, R, 1927. On a collection of Blattidae from southern Annam. In: Journal Siam Society, Natural History.: 7 - 48" title="On a collection of Blattidae from southern Annam." volumeTitle="Journal Siam Society, Natural History." year="1927">Hanitsch 1927</bibRefCitation>
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: 40;
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<bibRefCitation author="Hanitsch, R" journalOrPublisher="Arkiv foer Zoologi" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 20" refId="B10" refString="Hanitsch, R, 1929. Dr. E. Mjoeberg's zoological collections from Sumatra. 11. Blattidae. Arkiv foer Zoologi 2: 1 - 20" title="Dr. E. Mjoeberg's zoological collections from Sumatra. 11. Blattidae." volume="2" year="1929">Hanitsch 1929</bibRefCitation>
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: 17;
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<bibRefCitation author="Bruijning, CFA" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen" pageId="12" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 174" refId="B2" refString="Bruijning, CFA, 1948. Studies on Malayan Blattidae. Zoologische Mededelingen 29: 1 - 174" title="Studies on Malayan Blattidae." volume="29" year="1948">Bruijning 1948</bibRefCitation>
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: 117.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Male.</emphasis>
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Body slender, dark brown to black (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–6" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 6. Protagonista lugubris Shelford. 1 - 2 Male from Hainan: 1 dorsal view 2 ventral view 3 - 4 Female from Hainan: 3 dorsal view 4 ventral view 5 - 6 Male from Guangxi: 5 dorsal view 6 ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures1-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82973" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">1-2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–6" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 6. Protagonista lugubris Shelford. 1 - 2 Male from Hainan: 1 dorsal view 2 ventral view 3 - 4 Female from Hainan: 3 dorsal view 4 ventral view 5 - 6 Male from Guangxi: 5 dorsal view 6 ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures1-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82973" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">5-6</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 48–49" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 48 - 49. 48 Protagonista lugubris Shelford, adult female from Longtan Park in Guiping, Guangxi, 2011. VIII. 4, eating a wasp body near a light trap 49 Protagonista lugubris Shelford, adult male from Diaoluo Mt. in Lingshui, Hainan. Both photographed by XinRan Li (= Conlin McCat)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures48-49" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82983" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">49</figureCitation>
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). Eyes black, ocelli yellowish white. Vertex and face dark brown to black. Clypeus yellowish or dark brown and the base of labrum pale, labial palpi and maxillary palpomeres brown. Antennae brown or black, apical joints creamy-white. Pronotum and tegmina dark brown or black and apex of tegmina brownish yellow or brown. Legs brown or black. Abdomen reddish brown with dark brown margins or uniformly black. Cerci brown or yellowish brown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
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Head with vertex punctate, with three smooth longitudinal stripes (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 13–22" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 13 - 22. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Hainan: 13 head, frontal view 14 maxillary palps 3 - 5 15 front femur 16 pronotum 17 tegmen 18 hind wing 19 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 20 supra-anal plate and paraprocts, ventral view 21 subgenital plate, dorsal view 22 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (13, 15 - 16, 19 - 21), 0.5 mm (14, 22), 2.0 mm (17 - 18)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures13-22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82976" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">13</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 34–43" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 34 - 43. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Guangxi: 34 head, frontal view 35 maxillary palps 3 - 5 36 front femur 37 pronotum 38 tegmen 39 hind wing 40 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 41 supra-anal plate and paraprocts broken, ventral view 42 subgenital plate, dorsal view 43 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (34, 36 - 37, 40), 0.5 mm (35, 41 - 42), 2.0 mm (38 - 39)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures34-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82980" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">34</figureCitation>
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). Eyes reniform and closer together than antennal sockets. Ocelli elliptical with distinct border. Face punctate, with some smooth interspaces and lines (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 13–22" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 13 - 22. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Hainan: 13 head, frontal view 14 maxillary palps 3 - 5 15 front femur 16 pronotum 17 tegmen 18 hind wing 19 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 20 supra-anal plate and paraprocts, ventral view 21 subgenital plate, dorsal view 22 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (13, 15 - 16, 19 - 21), 0.5 mm (14, 22), 2.0 mm (17 - 18)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures13-22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82976" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">13</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 34–43" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 34 - 43. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Guangxi: 34 head, frontal view 35 maxillary palps 3 - 5 36 front femur 37 pronotum 38 tegmen 39 hind wing 40 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 41 supra-anal plate and paraprocts broken, ventral view 42 subgenital plate, dorsal view 43 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (34, 36 - 37, 40), 0.5 mm (35, 41 - 42), 2.0 mm (38 - 39)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures34-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82980" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">34</figureCitation>
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). Antennae with numerous bristles, shorter than the body. Pronotum elongate, trapezoidal, with punctations and pubescence, margins thickened and raised, with three smooth longitudinal impressions and some smooth interspaces, disk not flat (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–12" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 7 - 12. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Hainan: 7 pronotum 8 tegmen 9 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 10 supra-anal plate and paraprocts, ventral view 11 subgenital plate, dorsal view 12 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures7-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82975" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">7</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 13–22" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 13 - 22. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Hainan: 13 head, frontal view 14 maxillary palps 3 - 5 15 front femur 16 pronotum 17 tegmen 18 hind wing 19 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 20 supra-anal plate and paraprocts, ventral view 21 subgenital plate, dorsal view 22 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (13, 15 - 16, 19 - 21), 0.5 mm (14, 22), 2.0 mm (17 - 18)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures13-22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82976" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">16</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 28–33" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 28 - 33. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Guangxi: 28 pronotum 29 tegmen 30 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 31 supra-anal plate and paraprocts broken, ventral view 32 subgenital plate, dorsal view 33 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (28, 30 - 33), 2.0 mm (29)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures28-33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82979" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">28</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 34–43" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 34 - 43. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Guangxi: 34 head, frontal view 35 maxillary palps 3 - 5 36 front femur 37 pronotum 38 tegmen 39 hind wing 40 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 41 supra-anal plate and paraprocts broken, ventral view 42 subgenital plate, dorsal view 43 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (34, 36 - 37, 40), 0.5 mm (35, 41 - 42), 2.0 mm (38 - 39)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures34-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82980" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">37</figureCitation>
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). Both tegmina and hind wings fully developed, extending beyond the end of abdomen. Tegmina narrow with scattered erect pubescence; basal half sclerotized (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–12" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 7 - 12. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Hainan: 7 pronotum 8 tegmen 9 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 10 supra-anal plate and paraprocts, ventral view 11 subgenital plate, dorsal view 12 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures7-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82975" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">8</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 28–33" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 28 - 33. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Guangxi: 28 pronotum 29 tegmen 30 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 31 supra-anal plate and paraprocts broken, ventral view 32 subgenital plate, dorsal view 33 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (28, 30 - 33), 2.0 mm (29)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures28-33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82979" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">29</figureCitation>
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), veins indistinct other than
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Sc</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">R</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">CuP</emphasis>
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;
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">CuP</emphasis>
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ending at the middle of the hind margin,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">A</emphasis>
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almost invisible (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 13–22" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 13 - 22. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Hainan: 13 head, frontal view 14 maxillary palps 3 - 5 15 front femur 16 pronotum 17 tegmen 18 hind wing 19 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 20 supra-anal plate and paraprocts, ventral view 21 subgenital plate, dorsal view 22 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (13, 15 - 16, 19 - 21), 0.5 mm (14, 22), 2.0 mm (17 - 18)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures13-22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82976" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">17</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 34–43" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 34 - 43. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Guangxi: 34 head, frontal view 35 maxillary palps 3 - 5 36 front femur 37 pronotum 38 tegmen 39 hind wing 40 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 41 supra-anal plate and paraprocts broken, ventral view 42 subgenital plate, dorsal view 43 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (34, 36 - 37, 40), 0.5 mm (35, 41 - 42), 2.0 mm (38 - 39)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures34-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82980" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">38</figureCitation>
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). Hind wing with indistinct
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Sc</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">M</emphasis>
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bifurcated;
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">CuA</emphasis>
|
||
with 9 branches, of which four branch again (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 13–22" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 13 - 22. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Hainan: 13 head, frontal view 14 maxillary palps 3 - 5 15 front femur 16 pronotum 17 tegmen 18 hind wing 19 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 20 supra-anal plate and paraprocts, ventral view 21 subgenital plate, dorsal view 22 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (13, 15 - 16, 19 - 21), 0.5 mm (14, 22), 2.0 mm (17 - 18)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures13-22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82976" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">18</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 34–43" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 34 - 43. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Guangxi: 34 head, frontal view 35 maxillary palps 3 - 5 36 front femur 37 pronotum 38 tegmen 39 hind wing 40 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 41 supra-anal plate and paraprocts broken, ventral view 42 subgenital plate, dorsal view 43 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (34, 36 - 37, 40), 0.5 mm (35, 41 - 42), 2.0 mm (38 - 39)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures34-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82980" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">39</figureCitation>
|
||
). Legs slender with dense pubescence. Tarsal claws symmetrical and unspecialized. First abdominal tergum specialized, with dense setae medially (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–12" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 7 - 12. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Hainan: 7 pronotum 8 tegmen 9 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 10 supra-anal plate and paraprocts, ventral view 11 subgenital plate, dorsal view 12 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures7-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82975" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">9</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 13–22" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 13 - 22. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Hainan: 13 head, frontal view 14 maxillary palps 3 - 5 15 front femur 16 pronotum 17 tegmen 18 hind wing 19 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 20 supra-anal plate and paraprocts, ventral view 21 subgenital plate, dorsal view 22 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (13, 15 - 16, 19 - 21), 0.5 mm (14, 22), 2.0 mm (17 - 18)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures13-22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82976" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">19</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 28–33" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 28 - 33. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Guangxi: 28 pronotum 29 tegmen 30 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 31 supra-anal plate and paraprocts broken, ventral view 32 subgenital plate, dorsal view 33 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (28, 30 - 33), 2.0 mm (29)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures28-33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82979" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">30</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 34–43" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 34 - 43. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Guangxi: 34 head, frontal view 35 maxillary palps 3 - 5 36 front femur 37 pronotum 38 tegmen 39 hind wing 40 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 41 supra-anal plate and paraprocts broken, ventral view 42 subgenital plate, dorsal view 43 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (34, 36 - 37, 40), 0.5 mm (35, 41 - 42), 2.0 mm (38 - 39)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures34-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82980" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">40</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="60" start="start">Supra-anal</pageBreakToken>
|
||
plate in ventral view symmetrical, hind margin convex with a weak medial indentation, two paraprocts large and nearly symmetrical (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–12" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 7 - 12. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Hainan: 7 pronotum 8 tegmen 9 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 10 supra-anal plate and paraprocts, ventral view 11 subgenital plate, dorsal view 12 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures7-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82975" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">10</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 13–22" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 13 - 22. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Hainan: 13 head, frontal view 14 maxillary palps 3 - 5 15 front femur 16 pronotum 17 tegmen 18 hind wing 19 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 20 supra-anal plate and paraprocts, ventral view 21 subgenital plate, dorsal view 22 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (13, 15 - 16, 19 - 21), 0.5 mm (14, 22), 2.0 mm (17 - 18)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures13-22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82976" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">20</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cerci conical and segmented (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–12" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 7 - 12. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Hainan: 7 pronotum 8 tegmen 9 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 10 supra-anal plate and paraprocts, ventral view 11 subgenital plate, dorsal view 12 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures7-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82975" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">10</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 28–33" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 28 - 33. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Guangxi: 28 pronotum 29 tegmen 30 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 31 supra-anal plate and paraprocts broken, ventral view 32 subgenital plate, dorsal view 33 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (28, 30 - 33), 2.0 mm (29)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures28-33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82979" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">31</figureCitation>
|
||
). Subgenital plate in dorsal view nearly symmetrical; styli modest, cylindroid (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–12" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 7 - 12. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Hainan: 7 pronotum 8 tegmen 9 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 10 supra-anal plate and paraprocts, ventral view 11 subgenital plate, dorsal view 12 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures7-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82975" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">11</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 13–22" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 13 - 22. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Hainan: 13 head, frontal view 14 maxillary palps 3 - 5 15 front femur 16 pronotum 17 tegmen 18 hind wing 19 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 20 supra-anal plate and paraprocts, ventral view 21 subgenital plate, dorsal view 22 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (13, 15 - 16, 19 - 21), 0.5 mm (14, 22), 2.0 mm (17 - 18)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures13-22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82976" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">21</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 28–33" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 28 - 33. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Guangxi: 28 pronotum 29 tegmen 30 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 31 supra-anal plate and paraprocts broken, ventral view 32 subgenital plate, dorsal view 33 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (28, 30 - 33), 2.0 mm (29)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures28-33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82979" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">32</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 34–43" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 34 - 43. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Guangxi: 34 head, frontal view 35 maxillary palps 3 - 5 36 front femur 37 pronotum 38 tegmen 39 hind wing 40 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 41 supra-anal plate and paraprocts broken, ventral view 42 subgenital plate, dorsal view 43 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (34, 36 - 37, 40), 0.5 mm (35, 41 - 42), 2.0 mm (38 - 39)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures34-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82980" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">42</figureCitation>
|
||
). Left phallomere consisting of three parts:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">L1</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">L2</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">L3</emphasis>
|
||
; sclerite
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">L1</emphasis>
|
||
folded with a narrow and fingerlike terminus; sclerite
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">L2</emphasis>
|
||
large, flat, and folded over posteriorly so that
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">L2v</emphasis>
|
||
lies on the ventral surface of the phallomere and
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">L2d</emphasis>
|
||
on the dorsal, sclerite
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">L2d</emphasis>
|
||
with a rough and curved margin, terminus acute, sclerite
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">L2v</emphasis>
|
||
with two acute ends posteriorly, of which (in dorsal view) the left one tapers towards the right and the other towards the left; sclerite
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">L3</emphasis>
|
||
forming an elongate hook of which the curved part has a small spinous protuberance (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–12" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 7 - 12. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Hainan: 7 pronotum 8 tegmen 9 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 10 supra-anal plate and paraprocts, ventral view 11 subgenital plate, dorsal view 12 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures7-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82975" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">12</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 13–22" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 13 - 22. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Hainan: 13 head, frontal view 14 maxillary palps 3 - 5 15 front femur 16 pronotum 17 tegmen 18 hind wing 19 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 20 supra-anal plate and paraprocts, ventral view 21 subgenital plate, dorsal view 22 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (13, 15 - 16, 19 - 21), 0.5 mm (14, 22), 2.0 mm (17 - 18)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures13-22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82976" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">22</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 28–33" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 28 - 33. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Guangxi: 28 pronotum 29 tegmen 30 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 31 supra-anal plate and paraprocts broken, ventral view 32 subgenital plate, dorsal view 33 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (28, 30 - 33), 2.0 mm (29)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures28-33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82979" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">33</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 34–43" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 34 - 43. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Guangxi: 34 head, frontal view 35 maxillary palps 3 - 5 36 front femur 37 pronotum 38 tegmen 39 hind wing 40 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 41 supra-anal plate and paraprocts broken, ventral view 42 subgenital plate, dorsal view 43 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (34, 36 - 37, 40), 0.5 mm (35, 41 - 42), 2.0 mm (38 - 39)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures34-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82980" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">43</figureCitation>
|
||
) that is inconspicuous due to the observation angle. Right phallomere consisting of three parts:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">R1</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">R2</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">R3</emphasis>
|
||
; sclerite
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">R1</emphasis>
|
||
expanding downward towards the left and with a serrate edge;
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">R2</emphasis>
|
||
, hook-like, expanding towards the left; the basal sclerite of
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">R3</emphasis>
|
||
broad and slightly curved, joining with
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">R2</emphasis>
|
||
. The ventral phallomere (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">v.ph.</emphasis>
|
||
) under
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="61" start="start">the</pageBreakToken>
|
||
right phallomere, flat, posteriorly rounded, with a more or less sclerotized ventral surface (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–12" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 7 - 12. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Hainan: 7 pronotum 8 tegmen 9 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 10 supra-anal plate and paraprocts, ventral view 11 subgenital plate, dorsal view 12 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures7-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82975" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">12</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 13–22" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 13 - 22. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Hainan: 13 head, frontal view 14 maxillary palps 3 - 5 15 front femur 16 pronotum 17 tegmen 18 hind wing 19 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 20 supra-anal plate and paraprocts, ventral view 21 subgenital plate, dorsal view 22 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (13, 15 - 16, 19 - 21), 0.5 mm (14, 22), 2.0 mm (17 - 18)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures13-22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82976" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">22</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 28–33" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 28 - 33. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Guangxi: 28 pronotum 29 tegmen 30 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 31 supra-anal plate and paraprocts broken, ventral view 32 subgenital plate, dorsal view 33 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (28, 30 - 33), 2.0 mm (29)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures28-33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82979" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">33</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 34–43" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 34 - 43. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Guangxi: 34 head, frontal view 35 maxillary palps 3 - 5 36 front femur 37 pronotum 38 tegmen 39 hind wing 40 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 41 supra-anal plate and paraprocts broken, ventral view 42 subgenital plate, dorsal view 43 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (34, 36 - 37, 40), 0.5 mm (35, 41 - 42), 2.0 mm (38 - 39)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures34-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82980" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">43</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Female.</emphasis>
|
||
Body black (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–6" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 6. Protagonista lugubris Shelford. 1 - 2 Male from Hainan: 1 dorsal view 2 ventral view 3 - 4 Female from Hainan: 3 dorsal view 4 ventral view 5 - 6 Male from Guangxi: 5 dorsal view 6 ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures1-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82973" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">3-4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 48–49" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 48 - 49. 48 Protagonista lugubris Shelford, adult female from Longtan Park in Guiping, Guangxi, 2011. VIII. 4, eating a wasp body near a light trap 49 Protagonista lugubris Shelford, adult male from Diaoluo Mt. in Lingshui, Hainan. Both photographed by XinRan Li (= Conlin McCat)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures48-49" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82983" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">48</figureCitation>
|
||
). Eyes, ocelli and antennae similar to those of male. Vertex and face reddish brown. Labial palpi and maxillary palpomeres brown. Pronotum black. Abdominal terga black, but with the last segment brown. Abdominal sterna black and center reddish brown. Legs and cerci brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Vertex exposed, with 3 longitudinal shining stripes. Face punctuated. Tegmina short, just exceeding the metanotum, with punctures and scattered erect pubescence, heavily sclerotized with metallic shine. Hind wings much reduced. Legs slender, front femur Type A2. Each hind tibia with 2 rows of spines along outer margin. Hind metatarsus exceeding the remaining joints in length.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
Supra-anal plate nearly symmetrical, roof shaped, the hind margin nearly blunt and round; paraprocts (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">pp.</emphasis>
|
||
) broad and similar (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 23–27" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 23 - 27. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, female from Hainan, female genitalia: 23 posterior view and dorsal view of subgenital plate 24 valves and accessory sclerites, dorsal view 25 first valve, ventral view 26 second valve, ventral view 27 third valve, ventral view. Scale bars = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures23-27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82977" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">23</figureCitation>
|
||
). The juncture between the spermatheca plate and the anterior arch (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">a.a.</emphasis>
|
||
) membranous and somewhat extensible (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 23–27" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 23 - 27. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, female from Hainan, female genitalia: 23 posterior view and dorsal view of subgenital plate 24 valves and accessory sclerites, dorsal view 25 first valve, ventral view 26 second valve, ventral view 27 third valve, ventral view. Scale bars = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures23-27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82977" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">23</figureCitation>
|
||
). First valve (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">v.I</emphasis>
|
||
) falciform, sclerotized, with slender base and weakly sclerotized terminus (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 23–27" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 23 - 27. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, female from Hainan, female genitalia: 23 posterior view and dorsal view of subgenital plate 24 valves and accessory sclerites, dorsal view 25 first valve, ventral view 26 second valve, ventral view 27 third valve, ventral view. Scale bars = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures23-27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82977" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">23</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 23–27" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 23 - 27. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, female from Hainan, female genitalia: 23 posterior view and dorsal view of subgenital plate 24 valves and accessory sclerites, dorsal view 25 first valve, ventral view 26 second valve, ventral view 27 third valve, ventral view. Scale bars = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures23-27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82977" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">24</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 23–27" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 23 - 27. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, female from Hainan, female genitalia: 23 posterior view and dorsal view of subgenital plate 24 valves and accessory sclerites, dorsal view 25 first valve, ventral view 26 second valve, ventral view 27 third valve, ventral view. Scale bars = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures23-27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82977" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">25</figureCitation>
|
||
); laterosternite IX (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">ltst.IX</emphasis>
|
||
) large, fused to paratergites
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="62" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">pt.</emphasis>
|
||
); paratergites (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">pt.</emphasis>
|
||
) slender (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 23–27" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 23 - 27. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, female from Hainan, female genitalia: 23 posterior view and dorsal view of subgenital plate 24 valves and accessory sclerites, dorsal view 25 first valve, ventral view 26 second valve, ventral view 27 third valve, ventral view. Scale bars = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures23-27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82977" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">23</figureCitation>
|
||
). Second valve (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">v.II</emphasis>
|
||
) small and slender, basally fused, connecting to third valve (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">v.III</emphasis>
|
||
) by membrane (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 23–27" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 23 - 27. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, female from Hainan, female genitalia: 23 posterior view and dorsal view of subgenital plate 24 valves and accessory sclerites, dorsal view 25 first valve, ventral view 26 second valve, ventral view 27 third valve, ventral view. Scale bars = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures23-27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82977" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">23</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 23–27" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 23 - 27. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, female from Hainan, female genitalia: 23 posterior view and dorsal view of subgenital plate 24 valves and accessory sclerites, dorsal view 25 first valve, ventral view 26 second valve, ventral view 27 third valve, ventral view. Scale bars = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures23-27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82977" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">24</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 23–27" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 23 - 27. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, female from Hainan, female genitalia: 23 posterior view and dorsal view of subgenital plate 24 valves and accessory sclerites, dorsal view 25 first valve, ventral view 26 second valve, ventral view 27 third valve, ventral view. Scale bars = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures23-27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82977" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">26</figureCitation>
|
||
). Third valve larger than second valve but smaller than first valve, with weakly sclerotized and curved apex, basal portion fused and slightly raised (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 23–27" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 23 - 27. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, female from Hainan, female genitalia: 23 posterior view and dorsal view of subgenital plate 24 valves and accessory sclerites, dorsal view 25 first valve, ventral view 26 second valve, ventral view 27 third valve, ventral view. Scale bars = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures23-27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82977" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">23</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 23–27" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 23 - 27. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, female from Hainan, female genitalia: 23 posterior view and dorsal view of subgenital plate 24 valves and accessory sclerites, dorsal view 25 first valve, ventral view 26 second valve, ventral view 27 third valve, ventral view. Scale bars = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures23-27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82977" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">24</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 23–27" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 23 - 27. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, female from Hainan, female genitalia: 23 posterior view and dorsal view of subgenital plate 24 valves and accessory sclerites, dorsal view 25 first valve, ventral view 26 second valve, ventral view 27 third valve, ventral view. Scale bars = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures23-27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82977" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">27</figureCitation>
|
||
). Anterior arch (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">a.a.</emphasis>
|
||
) claviform, with tapering terminus (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 23–27" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 23 - 27. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, female from Hainan, female genitalia: 23 posterior view and dorsal view of subgenital plate 24 valves and accessory sclerites, dorsal view 25 first valve, ventral view 26 second valve, ventral view 27 third valve, ventral view. Scale bars = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures23-27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82977" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">23</figureCitation>
|
||
). Well developed basivalvula (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">bsv.</emphasis>
|
||
) strongly sclerotized, fused with the anterolateral deflections of the spermatheca plate. Laterosternal shelf (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">ltst.sh.</emphasis>
|
||
) flat, divided by common oviduct opening (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">c.o.o.</emphasis>
|
||
). Subgenital plate in dorsal view symmetrical (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 23–27" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 23 - 27. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, female from Hainan, female genitalia: 23 posterior view and dorsal view of subgenital plate 24 valves and accessory sclerites, dorsal view 25 first valve, ventral view 26 second valve, ventral view 27 third valve, ventral view. Scale bars = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures23-27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82977" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">23</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Nymph.</emphasis>
|
||
Body color, characters of pronotum and antennae similar to those of adults. Legs light brown. Cerci reddish brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="63" start="start">Infraspecific</pageBreakToken>
|
||
variation.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The individual differences in morphological characters mainly involve: 1) the number and shape of smooth areas of pronotum (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–12" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 7 - 12. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Hainan: 7 pronotum 8 tegmen 9 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 10 supra-anal plate and paraprocts, ventral view 11 subgenital plate, dorsal view 12 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures7-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82975" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 13–22" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 13 - 22. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Hainan: 13 head, frontal view 14 maxillary palps 3 - 5 15 front femur 16 pronotum 17 tegmen 18 hind wing 19 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 20 supra-anal plate and paraprocts, ventral view 21 subgenital plate, dorsal view 22 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (13, 15 - 16, 19 - 21), 0.5 mm (14, 22), 2.0 mm (17 - 18)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures13-22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82976" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">16</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 28–33" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 28 - 33. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Guangxi: 28 pronotum 29 tegmen 30 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 31 supra-anal plate and paraprocts broken, ventral view 32 subgenital plate, dorsal view 33 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (28, 30 - 33), 2.0 mm (29)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures28-33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82979" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">28</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 34–43" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 34 - 43. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Guangxi: 34 head, frontal view 35 maxillary palps 3 - 5 36 front femur 37 pronotum 38 tegmen 39 hind wing 40 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 41 supra-anal plate and paraprocts broken, ventral view 42 subgenital plate, dorsal view 43 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (34, 36 - 37, 40), 0.5 mm (35, 41 - 42), 2.0 mm (38 - 39)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures34-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82980" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">37</figureCitation>
|
||
); 2) the dentate tine close to the largest tine of the serrated edge of sclerite
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">R1</emphasis>
|
||
sclerotized (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–12" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 7 - 12. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Hainan: 7 pronotum 8 tegmen 9 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 10 supra-anal plate and paraprocts, ventral view 11 subgenital plate, dorsal view 12 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures7-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82975" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">12</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 13–22" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 13 - 22. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Hainan: 13 head, frontal view 14 maxillary palps 3 - 5 15 front femur 16 pronotum 17 tegmen 18 hind wing 19 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 20 supra-anal plate and paraprocts, ventral view 21 subgenital plate, dorsal view 22 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (13, 15 - 16, 19 - 21), 0.5 mm (14, 22), 2.0 mm (17 - 18)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures13-22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82976" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">22</figureCitation>
|
||
) or not sclerotized (only one case, Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 28–33" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 28 - 33. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Guangxi: 28 pronotum 29 tegmen 30 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 31 supra-anal plate and paraprocts broken, ventral view 32 subgenital plate, dorsal view 33 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (28, 30 - 33), 2.0 mm (29)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures28-33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82979" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">33</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 34–43" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 34 - 43. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Guangxi: 34 head, frontal view 35 maxillary palps 3 - 5 36 front femur 37 pronotum 38 tegmen 39 hind wing 40 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 41 supra-anal plate and paraprocts broken, ventral view 42 subgenital plate, dorsal view 43 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (34, 36 - 37, 40), 0.5 mm (35, 41 - 42), 2.0 mm (38 - 39)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures34-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82980" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">43</figureCitation>
|
||
); 3) body color (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–6" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 6. Protagonista lugubris Shelford. 1 - 2 Male from Hainan: 1 dorsal view 2 ventral view 3 - 4 Female from Hainan: 3 dorsal view 4 ventral view 5 - 6 Male from Guangxi: 5 dorsal view 6 ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures1-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82973" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">1-2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–6" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 6. Protagonista lugubris Shelford. 1 - 2 Male from Hainan: 1 dorsal view 2 ventral view 3 - 4 Female from Hainan: 3 dorsal view 4 ventral view 5 - 6 Male from Guangxi: 5 dorsal view 6 ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures1-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82973" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">5-6</figureCitation>
|
||
). We provide pictures for detailed comparison (one male from Hainan, one male from Guangxi) illustrating the appearance of individual differences (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–6" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 6. Protagonista lugubris Shelford. 1 - 2 Male from Hainan: 1 dorsal view 2 ventral view 3 - 4 Female from Hainan: 3 dorsal view 4 ventral view 5 - 6 Male from Guangxi: 5 dorsal view 6 ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures1-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82973" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">1-2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–6" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 6. Protagonista lugubris Shelford. 1 - 2 Male from Hainan: 1 dorsal view 2 ventral view 3 - 4 Female from Hainan: 3 dorsal view 4 ventral view 5 - 6 Male from Guangxi: 5 dorsal view 6 ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures1-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82973" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">5-6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–12" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 7 - 12. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Hainan: 7 pronotum 8 tegmen 9 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 10 supra-anal plate and paraprocts, ventral view 11 subgenital plate, dorsal view 12 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures7-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82975" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">7-12</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 13–22" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 13 - 22. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Hainan: 13 head, frontal view 14 maxillary palps 3 - 5 15 front femur 16 pronotum 17 tegmen 18 hind wing 19 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 20 supra-anal plate and paraprocts, ventral view 21 subgenital plate, dorsal view 22 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (13, 15 - 16, 19 - 21), 0.5 mm (14, 22), 2.0 mm (17 - 18)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures13-22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82976" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">13-22</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 28–33" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 28 - 33. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Guangxi: 28 pronotum 29 tegmen 30 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 31 supra-anal plate and paraprocts broken, ventral view 32 subgenital plate, dorsal view 33 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (28, 30 - 33), 2.0 mm (29)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures28-33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82979" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">28-33</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 34–43" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 34 - 43. Protagonista lugubris Shelford, male from Guangxi: 34 head, frontal view 35 maxillary palps 3 - 5 36 front femur 37 pronotum 38 tegmen 39 hind wing 40 abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view 41 supra-anal plate and paraprocts broken, ventral view 42 subgenital plate, dorsal view 43 left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (34, 36 - 37, 40), 0.5 mm (35, 41 - 42), 2.0 mm (38 - 39)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures34-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82980" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">34-43</figureCitation>
|
||
). These infraspecific variations cannot separate the populations from each other into different species and the key morphological characters strongly suggest they are conspecific. However, their COI genes show a great genetic divergence among them: the standard barcoding sequence of one (Baisha) of the three Hainan populations has a distance of 3.0% and 3.1% from the other two (Wuzhishan, Baoting) respectively, and it is far distant (4.6%) from the Guangxi population, which in turn is very distinct from the two remaining Hainan populations (Wuzhishan, 6.1%; Baoting, 6.2%).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Male measurements (mm).</emphasis>
|
||
Body length: 17.5-21.0. Total length including tegmen: 19.0-24.5. Pronotum length
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
width: 4.9-5.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
5.5-6.5. Tegmen length
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
width: 15.0-20.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
5.0-6.5.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="64" start="start">Female</pageBreakToken>
|
||
measurements (mm).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Body length: 19.0-20.0. Pronotum length
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
width: 5.5-6.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
6.0-6.5. Tegmen length
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
width: 4.7-5.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
4.7-5.0.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="975403" doi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures7-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82975" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" start="Figures 7–12" startId="F2">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Figures 7-12.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wang & Wang & Che" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Blattidae" genus="Protagonista" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protagonista lugubris" order="Mantodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Protagonista lugubris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Shelford, male from Hainan:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">7</emphasis>
|
||
pronotum
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">8</emphasis>
|
||
tegmen
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">9</emphasis>
|
||
abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">10</emphasis>
|
||
supra-anal plate and paraprocts, ventral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">11</emphasis>
|
||
subgenital plate, dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">12</emphasis>
|
||
left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="975405" doi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures13-22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82976" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" start="Figures 13–22" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Figures 13-22.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wang & Wang & Che" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Blattidae" genus="Protagonista" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protagonista lugubris" order="Mantodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Protagonista lugubris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Shelford, male from Hainan:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">13</emphasis>
|
||
head, frontal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">14</emphasis>
|
||
maxillary palps 3-5
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">15</emphasis>
|
||
front femur
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">16</emphasis>
|
||
pronotum
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">17</emphasis>
|
||
tegmen
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">18</emphasis>
|
||
hind wing
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">19</emphasis>
|
||
abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">20</emphasis>
|
||
supra-anal plate and paraprocts, ventral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">21</emphasis>
|
||
subgenital plate, dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">22</emphasis>
|
||
left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">13, 15-16, 19-21</emphasis>
|
||
), 0.5 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">14, 22</emphasis>
|
||
), 2.0 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">17-18</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="975407" doi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures23-27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82977" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" start="Figures 23–27" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Figures 23-27.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wang & Wang & Che" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Blattidae" genus="Protagonista" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protagonista lugubris" order="Mantodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Protagonista lugubris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Shelford, female from Hainan, female genitalia:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">23</emphasis>
|
||
posterior view and dorsal view of subgenital plate
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">24</emphasis>
|
||
valves and accessory sclerites, dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">25</emphasis>
|
||
first valve, ventral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">26</emphasis>
|
||
second valve, ventral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">27</emphasis>
|
||
third valve, ventral view. Scale bars = 1.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="975409" doi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures28-33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82979" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" start="Figures 28–33" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Figures 28-33.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wang & Wang & Che" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Blattidae" genus="Protagonista" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protagonista lugubris" order="Mantodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Protagonista lugubris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Shelford, male from Guangxi:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">28</emphasis>
|
||
pronotum
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">29</emphasis>
|
||
tegmen
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">30</emphasis>
|
||
abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">31</emphasis>
|
||
supra-anal plate and paraprocts broken, ventral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">32</emphasis>
|
||
subgenital plate, dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">33</emphasis>
|
||
left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">28, 30-33</emphasis>
|
||
), 2.0 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">29</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="975411" doi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures34-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82980" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" start="Figures 34–43" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Figures 34-43.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wang & Wang & Che" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Blattidae" genus="Protagonista" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protagonista lugubris" order="Mantodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Protagonista lugubris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Shelford, male from Guangxi:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">34</emphasis>
|
||
head, frontal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">35</emphasis>
|
||
maxillary palps 3-5
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">36</emphasis>
|
||
front femur
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">37</emphasis>
|
||
pronotum
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">38</emphasis>
|
||
tegmen
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">39</emphasis>
|
||
hind wing
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">40</emphasis>
|
||
abdominal tergum 1, dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">41</emphasis>
|
||
supra-anal plate and paraprocts broken, ventral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">42</emphasis>
|
||
subgenital plate, dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">43</emphasis>
|
||
left phallomere and right phallomere. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">34, 36-37, 40</emphasis>
|
||
), 0.5 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">35, 41-42</emphasis>
|
||
), 2.0 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">38-39</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="975413" doi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures44-47" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82982" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" start="Figures 44–47" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Figures 44-47.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wang & Wang & Che" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Blattidae" genus="Protagonista" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protagonista" order="Mantodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Protagonista</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, holotypes and labels.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">44</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wang & Wang & Che" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Blattidae" genus="Protagonista" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protagonista lugubris" order="Mantodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Protagonista lugubris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">45</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hanitsch" authorityYear="1923" class="Insecta" family="Blattidae" genus="Protagonista" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protagonista pertristis" order="Mantodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pertristis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Protagonista pertristis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
stat. rev., female
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">46</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hanitsch" authorityYear="1925" class="Insecta" family="Blattidae" genus="Protagonista" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protagonista fusca" order="Mantodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fusca">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Protagonista fusca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, now synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hanitsch" authorityYear="1923" class="Insecta" family="Blattidae" genus="Protagonista" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protagonista pertristis" order="Mantodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pertristis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Protagonista pertristis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">47</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hanitsch" authorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Blattidae" genus="Protagonista" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protagonista aterrima" order="Mantodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aterrima">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Protagonista aterrima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, now synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hanitsch" authorityYear="1923" class="Insecta" family="Blattidae" genus="Protagonista" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protagonista pertristis" order="Mantodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pertristis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Protagonista pertristis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female. Scale bars: 5.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="975415" doi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figures48-49" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82983" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" start="Figures 48–49" startId="F8">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Figures 48-49.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">48</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wang & Wang & Che" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Blattidae" genus="Protagonista" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protagonista lugubris" order="Mantodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Protagonista lugubris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Shelford, adult female from Longtan Park in Guiping, Guangxi, 2011.VIII.4, eating a wasp body near a light trap
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">49</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wang & Wang & Che" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Blattidae" genus="Protagonista" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protagonista lugubris" order="Mantodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Protagonista lugubris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Shelford, adult male from Diaoluo Mt. in Lingshui, Hainan. Both photographed by XinRan Li (= Conlin McCat).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="975417" doi="10.3897/zookeys.574.7111.figure50" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82985" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" start="Figure 50" startId="F9">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Figure 50.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Shelford" baseAuthorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Blattidae" genus="Eroblatta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eroblatta borneensis" order="Blattodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borneensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Eroblatta borneensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Shelford, R" journalOrPublisher="Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquee" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" pagination="157 - 177" publicationUrl="10.1080/00222930808692379" refId="B26" refString="Shelford, R, 1908. Some new genera and species of Blattidae, with notes on the form of the pronotum on the subfamily Perisphaeriinae. In: Annals and Magazine of Natural History.: 157 - 177, DOI: 10.1080/00222930808692379" title="Some new genera and species of Blattidae, with notes on the form of the pronotum on the subfamily Perisphaeriinae." url="10.1080/00222930808692379" volumeTitle="Annals and Magazine of Natural History." year="1908">Shelford 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), holotype and labels. Scale bar: 5.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="64" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2015-04-21" collectorName="Xinran Li, Conlin McCat" country="China" county="Baisha County" location="Yinggeling Natural Reserve" municipality="One" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hainan Prov.">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>One</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
male and one nymph,
|
||
<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Hainan">Hainan Prov.</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty>Baisha County</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0595D4673AABD90679F4A556BA23BF65:68AFF557906C904644B3504952ACDA20" country="China" county="Baisha County" municipality="One" name="Yinggeling Natural Reserve" stateProvince="Hainan Prov.">Yinggeling Natural Reserve</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0595D4673AABD90679F4A556BA23BF65:2B35D55B4303234AA80972A1C3B2D035" country="China" county="Baisha County" municipality="One" name="Nankai Station" stateProvince="Hainan Prov.">Nankai Station</location>
|
||
, in rotten wood,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2015-04-21">21 April 2015</collectingDate>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName>Xinran Li</collectorName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<collectorName>Conlin McCat</collectorName>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2014-05-25" collectorName="Shunhua Gui, Xinran Li, Conlin McCat" country="China" elevation="275" latitude="18.668" location="Mt. Diaoluoshan" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="109.89996" municipality="Zhiwei Qiu" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hainan Prov.">
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Zhiwei Qiu</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
; one male,
|
||
<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Hainan">Hainan Prov.</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0595D4673AABD90679F4A556BA23BF65:21D299D28A83656AA8B3C53A753D203B" country="China" latitude="18.668" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="109.89996" municipality="Zhiwei Qiu" name="Mt. Diaoluoshan" stateProvince="Hainan Prov.">Mt. Diaoluoshan</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" unit="m" value="275.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" unit="m" value="275.0">275m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="40.080" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="18.668">18°40.080'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="109" direction="east" minutes="53.998" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="109.89996">109°53.998'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2014-05-25">25 May 2014</collectingDate>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName>Shunhua Gui</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName>Xinran Li</collectorName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<collectorName>Conlin McCat</collectorName>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2015-04-11" collectingDateMax="2015-04-12" collectingDateMin="2015-04-11" collectorName="Qikun Bai" country="China" county="Baoting County" location="Maogan Township" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hainan Prov.">
|
||
one male,
|
||
<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Hainan">Hainan Prov.</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty>Baoting County</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0595D4673AABD90679F4A556BA23BF65:841D923016956ED9721892693C8EA3F7" country="China" county="Baoting County" name="Maogan Township" stateProvince="Hainan Prov.">Maogan Township</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2015-04-11" valueMax="2015-04-12" valueMin="2015-04-11">11-12 April 2015</collectingDate>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName>Qikun Bai</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2014-05-18" collectingDateMax="2014-05-21" collectingDateMin="2014-05-18" collectorName="Shunhua Gui, Xinran Li, Conlin McCat" country="China" elevation="795" location="Mt. Wuzhishan" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hainan Prov.">
|
||
one female,
|
||
<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Hainan">Hainan Prov.</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0595D4673AABD90679F4A556BA23BF65:8C9F78C6189DDAFD1648635170F4A7DC" country="China" name="Mt. Wuzhishan" stateProvince="Hainan Prov.">Mt. Wuzhishan</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.95" unit="m" value="795.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.95" unit="m" value="795.0">795m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2014-05-18" valueMax="2014-05-21" valueMin="2014-05-18">18-21 May 2014</collectingDate>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName>Shunhua Gui</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>Xinran Li</collectorName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<collectorName>Conlin McCat</collectorName>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2014-05-31" collectingDateMax="2014-06-02" collectingDateMin="2014-05-31" collectorName="Shunhua Gui, Xinran Li, Conlin McCat" country="China" county="Jianyue Qiu" elevation="386" latitude="23.519" location="Guiping City" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="109.99184" municipality="Aut. Reg." specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guangxi">
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCounty>Jianyue Qiu</collectingCounty>
|
||
; one male,
|
||
<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Guangxi">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Aut. Reg.</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0595D4673AABD90679F4A556BA23BF65:5E85C1B762E121A97AFBF9C7A2682621" country="China" county="Jianyue Qiu" latitude="23.519" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="109.99184" municipality="Aut. Reg." name="Guiping City" stateProvince="Guangxi">Guiping City</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0595D4673AABD90679F4A556BA23BF65:37887E721A78442A4AA184FA78FB4827" country="China" county="Jianyue Qiu" latitude="23.519" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="109.99184" municipality="Aut. Reg." name="Longtan Park" stateProvince="Guangxi">Longtan Park</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.86" unit="m" value="386.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.86" unit="m" value="386.0">386 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="23" direction="north" minutes="31.140" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="23.519">23°31.140'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="109" direction="east" minutes="59. 510" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="109.99184">109°59. 510'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2014-05-31" valueMax="2014-06-02" valueMin="2014-05-31">31 May-2 June 2014</collectingDate>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName>Shunhua Gui</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName>Xinran Li</collectorName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<collectorName>Conlin McCat</collectorName>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2015-06-28" collectorName="Lu Qiu, Qikun Bai." country="China" county="Shangsi County" elevation="296" location="Fangchenggang City" municipality="Aut. Reg." specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guangxi">
|
||
one male and two females,
|
||
<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Guangxi">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Aut. Reg.</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0595D4673AABD90679F4A556BA23BF65:84B78B72CDDA9F5914EA1C26834A1620" country="China" county="Shangsi County" municipality="Aut. Reg." name="Fangchenggang City" stateProvince="Guangxi">Fangchenggang City</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty>Shangsi County</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0595D4673AABD90679F4A556BA23BF65:843BD71B1149F7D6179ABFAF67EB9236" country="China" county="Shangsi County" municipality="Aut. Reg." name="Shiwandashan Forest" stateProvince="Guangxi">Shiwandashan Forest</location>
|
||
Park,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.96" unit="m" value="296.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.96" unit="m" value="296.0">296 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2015-06-28">28 June 2015</collectingDate>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName>Lu Qiu</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName>Qikun Bai.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="64" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="64">China (new recored; Hainan, Guangxi); Vietnam.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="64" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
|
||
The adult
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wang & Wang & Che" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Blattidae" genus="Protagonista" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protagonista lugubris" order="Mantodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Protagonista lugubris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were observed in shrubs at night by the collectors who also found the nymphs and adults in rotten wood. Their rugged pronotum with thickened and raised margins, which resembles that of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1925" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cryptocercinae">Cryptocercinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Panesthiinae">Panesthiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is conducive to moving about in rotten wood. However, if
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wang & Wang & Che" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Blattidae" genus="Protagonista" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protagonista" order="Mantodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Protagonista</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
utilizes the wood tunneled by other organisms or if they bore the wood themselves is yet to be seen. Additionally, wood feeding has not been observed but is still a possibility in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wang & Wang & Che" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Blattidae" genus="Protagonista" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protagonista" order="Mantodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Protagonista</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the other morphologically similar
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wang & Wang & Che" authorityYear="2016" family="Blattidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Blattodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Archiblattinae">Archiblattinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</document> |