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<mods:title id="4DECF17112F4C3B88D34BD63DAE40BE4">Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFDCFFAFBD885A2CFDE8744B" blockId="8.[151,593,802,828]" box="[151,593,802,828]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFDCFFAFBD885A2CFDE8744B" ID-CoL="8B9BB" authority="(Comstock, 1882)" baseAuthorityName="Comstock" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[151,593,802,828]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ocellaris">
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFBD885A2CFDE8744B" bold="true" box="[151,593,802,828]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFBD885A2CFEC9744B" bold="true" box="[151,368,802,828]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Bradysia ocellaris</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFDCFFAFBC605A2CFDF0744B" author="Comstock, J. H." box="[383,585,802,828]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="195 - 214" refId="ref14307" refString="Comstock, J. H. (1882) Report on miscellaneous insects. In: Riley, C. V., Report of the Entomologist. Annual Report of the Department of Agriculture 1882 (1881). Government Printing Office, Washington, pp. 195 - 214." type="book chapter" year="1882">Comstock, 1882</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFDCFFAFBD885A64FCFD7408" blockId="8.[151,836,873,926]" box="[151,836,873,895]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7011CEFFDCFFAFBD885A64FCFD7408" box="[151,836,873,895]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFDCFFAFBD885A64FE5D7408" ID-CoL="8DTXH" authority="Comstock, 1882" authorityName="Comstock" authorityYear="1882" box="[151,484,873,895]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ocellaris">
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFBD885A64FE817408" box="[151,312,873,895]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Sciara ocellaris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFDCFFAFBC215A67FE5D7408" author="Comstock, J. H." box="[318,484,873,895]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="195 - 214" refId="ref14307" refString="Comstock, J. H. (1882) Report on miscellaneous insects. In: Riley, C. V., Report of the Entomologist. Annual Report of the Department of Agriculture 1882 (1881). Government Printing Office, Washington, pp. 195 - 214." type="book chapter" year="1882">Comstock, 1882</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[
<treatmentCitation id="0AC110F1FFDCFFAFBCEF5A67FD607408" author="Comstock, J. H." box="[496,729,873,895]" page="202" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" year="1882">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFDCFFAFBCEF5A67FD1E7408" author="Comstock, J. H." box="[496,679,873,895]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="195 - 214" refId="ref14307" refString="Comstock, J. H. (1882) Report on miscellaneous insects. In: Riley, C. V., Report of the Entomologist. Annual Report of the Department of Agriculture 1882 (1881). Government Printing Office, Washington, pp. 195 - 214." type="book chapter" year="1882">Comstock (1882)</bibRefCitation>
: 202
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 2
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFBE035A67FC907408" bold="true" box="[796,809,873,895]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409"></emphasis>
4].
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<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFDCFFAFBD885A86FD3A74E9" blockId="8.[151,836,873,926]" box="[151,643,904,926]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
Common synonym:
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFDCFFAFBC7A5A86FDC674E9" ID-CoL="894TJ" authority="(Coquillett)" authorityName="Coquillett" baseAuthorityName="Coquillett" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[357,639,904,926]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tritici">
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFBC7A5A86FE4674E9" box="[357,511,904,926]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Bradysia tritici</emphasis>
(Coquillett)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFDCFFAFBD885ACBFADE7321" blockId="8.[151,1436,965,1110]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
Selected literature:
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFDCFFAFBC415ACBFE5C74AC" author="Shaw, F. R." box="[350,485,965,987]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="491 - 496" refId="ref17167" refString="Shaw, F. R. (1952) New Sciaridae from the Hawaiian Islands (Diptera). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 14 (3), 491 - 496." type="journal article" year="1952">Shaw (1952)</bibRefCitation>
: 494, fig. 3 (as
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFDCFFAFBF995AC8FC2274AC" authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1952" box="[646,923,965,987]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="garretti" subGenus="Lycoriella">
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFBF995AC8FD7174AC" box="[646,712,966,987]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Sciara</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFBFC75ACBFC8674AC" box="[728,831,965,987]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Lycoriella</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFBE505AC8FC2274AC" box="[847,923,966,987]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">garretti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFDCFFAFBEAD5ACBFB8074AC" author="Shaw, F. R." box="[946,1081,965,987]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="491 - 496" refId="ref17167" refString="Shaw, F. R. (1952) New Sciaridae from the Hawaiian Islands (Diptera). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 14 (3), 491 - 496." type="journal article" year="1952">Shaw (1952)</bibRefCitation>
: 493, fig. 1 (as
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFDCFFAFB9C55AC8FE8F748D" authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="johannseni" subGenus="Lycoriella">
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFB9C55AC8FAA574AC" box="[1242,1308,966,987]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Sciara</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFB8335ACBFA2A74AC" box="[1324,1427,965,987]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Lycoriella</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFBDD85AEAFE8F748D" box="[199,310,996,1018]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">johannseni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFDCFFAFBC4F5AEAFE63748D" author="Shaw, F. R." box="[336,474,996,1018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="491 - 496" refId="ref17167" refString="Shaw, F. R. (1952) New Sciaridae from the Hawaiian Islands (Diptera). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 14 (3), 491 - 496." type="journal article" year="1952">Shaw (1952)</bibRefCitation>
: 494
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFBF125AEAFDA0748D" bold="true" box="[525,537,996,1018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409"></emphasis>
495 (as
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFDCFFAFBF6D5AEAFC28748D" authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1952" box="[626,913,996,1018]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laffooni" subGenus="Lycoriella">
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFBF6D5AEAFD0D748E" box="[626,692,996,1017]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Sciara</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFBFD85AEAFC97748D" box="[711,814,996,1018]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Lycoriella</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFBE5D5AEAFC28748D" box="[834,913,996,1018]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">laffooni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFDCFFAFBEB55AEAFB82748D" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[938,1083,996,1018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="208 - 235" refId="ref15113" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1960) Family Sciaridae. In: Zimmerman, E. C. (Ed.), Insects of Hawaii. A Manual of the Insects of the Hawaiian Islands, including on Enumeration of the Species and Notes on their Origin, Distribution, Hosts, Parasites etc. 10. University Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 208 - 235." type="book chapter" year="1960">Hardy (1960)</bibRefCitation>
: 221
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFB9705AEAFBC5748D" bold="true" box="[1135,1148,996,1018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409"></emphasis>
223, fig, 70 a
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFB8115AEAFAA3748D" bold="true" box="[1294,1306,996,1018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409"></emphasis>
g (as
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFDCFFAFB8455AEAFE2E736F" authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="garretti" subGenus="Lycoriella">
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFB8455AEAFA25748E" box="[1370,1436,996,1017]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Sciara</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFBDD05D0CFE8F736F" box="[207,310,1026,1048]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Lycoriella</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFBC545D0DFE2E736F" box="[331,407,1027,1048]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">garretti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFDCFFAFBCAD5D0CFDF7736F" author="Steffan, W. A." box="[434,590,1026,1048]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="669 - 732" refId="ref17595" refString="Steffan, W. A. (1969) Insects of Micronesia. Diptera: Sciaridae. Insects of Micronesia, 12 (7), 669 - 732." type="journal article" year="1969">Steffan (1969)</bibRefCitation>
: 723, 725
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFBFA55D0CFD7E736F" bold="true" box="[698,711,1026,1048]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409"></emphasis>
727, fig. 22 a
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFBE425D0CFCD3736F" bold="true" box="[861,874,1026,1048]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409"></emphasis>
i; Steffan (1973a): 356; Steffan (1974a): 45; Steffan (1974b): 467
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFBC555D2FFEEE7340" bold="true" box="[330,343,1057,1079]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409"></emphasis>
472, fig. 1 a
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFBCCF5D2FFE657340" bold="true" box="[464,476,1057,1079]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409"></emphasis>
h (all as
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFDCFFAFBF2D5D2FFD727340" baseAuthorityName="Coquillett" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[562,715,1057,1079]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tritici">
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFBF2D5D2FFD727340" box="[562,715,1057,1079]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Bradysia tritici</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); Steffan (1974b): 472
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFBEAC5D2FFC797340" bold="true" box="[947,960,1057,1079]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409"></emphasis>
473, fig. 2 a
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFB9265D2FFBFC7340" bold="true" box="[1081,1093,1057,1079]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409"></emphasis>
h (as
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFDCFFAFB9635D2FFA837340" baseAuthorityName="Metz" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[1148,1338,1057,1079]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reynoldsi">
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFB9635D2FFA837340" box="[1148,1338,1057,1079]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Bradysia reynoldsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFDCFFAFB84F5D2FFEC37321" author="Menzel, F. &amp; Mohrig, W." pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="1 - 761" refId="ref15837" refString="Menzel, F. &amp; Mohrig, W. (2000) Revision der palaarktischen Trauermucken (Diptera: Sciaridae). Studia dipterologica, 6 (Supplement), 1 - 761." type="journal article" year="2000">Menzel &amp; Mohrig (2000)</bibRefCitation>
: 155156; Mohrig
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFBF235D4FFDD07321" box="[572,617,1088,1110]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">et al</emphasis>
. (2013): 166
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFBFF35D4EFD417321" bold="true" box="[748,760,1088,1110]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409"></emphasis>
168, fig. 16 a
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFBE605D4EFC357321" bold="true" box="[895,908,1088,1110]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409"></emphasis>
c;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFDCFFAFBEBB5D4EFB317321" author="Broadley, A. &amp; Kauschke, E. &amp; Mohrig, W." box="[932,1160,1088,1110]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="201 - 242" refId="ref14020" refString="Broadley, A., Kauschke, E. &amp; Mohrig, W. (2018) Black fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) found in association with cultivated plants and mushrooms in Australia, with notes on cosmopolitan pest species and biosecurity interceptions. Zootaxa, 4415 (2), 201 - 242. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4415.2.1" type="journal article" year="2018">
Broadley
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFB9185D4FFB8D7321" box="[1031,1076,1088,1110]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">et al</emphasis>
. (2018)
</bibRefCitation>
: 210
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFB9A85D4EFB7D7321" bold="true" box="[1207,1220,1088,1110]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409"></emphasis>
213, fig. 3 A
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFB85B5D4EFAE87321" bold="true" box="[1348,1361,1088,1110]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409"></emphasis>
E.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37A656BFFDCFFAFBD885D8CFEBA73C8" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFDCFFAFBD885D8CFEBA73C8" blockId="8.[151,1436,1154,1287]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFBD885D8CFEDE73EC" bold="true" box="[151,359,1154,1179]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Material studied:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B083CBDFFDCFFAFBC705D8DFEB973C8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2237390874" collectingDate="2000-12-31" collectionCode="PWMP" collectorName="Maui &amp; Kihei &amp; W. Mohrig" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" specimenCount="9" specimenCount-male="9">
<specimenCount id="9D66FD69FFDCFFAFBC705D8DFE7073EC" box="[367,457,1154,1179]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="male">9 males</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FFDE1020FFDCFFAFBCCA5D8CFDEE73EC" box="[469,599,1154,1179]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" value="2000-12-31">
<collectingDate id="EF9AE9C8FFDCFFAFBCCA5D8CFDEE73EC" box="[469,599,1154,1179]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" value="2000-12-31">31.xii.2000</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26955336FFDCFFAFBF7B5D8CFD1B73EC" box="[612,674,1154,1179]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Maui</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26955336FFDCFFAFBFB15D8CFD5673EC" box="[686,751,1154,1179]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Kihei</collectorName>
, house garden in suburban area,
<collectingMethod id="52214EF7FFDCFFAFB97D5D8CFB5D73ED" box="[1122,1252,1154,1179]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">yellow trap</collectingMethod>
, leg.
<collectorName id="26955336FFDCFFAFB83D5D8DFA2573EC" box="[1314,1436,1154,1179]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">W. Mohrig</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED71AE25FFDCFFAFBD805DA9FF4173C8" box="[159,248,1191,1215]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">PWMP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37A656BFFDCFFAFBDD85DC4FA317394" box="[199,1416,1226,1251]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFDCFFAFBDD85DC4FA317394" blockId="8.[151,1436,1154,1287]" box="[199,1416,1226,1251]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFBDD85DC4FEF17394" bold="true" box="[199,328,1226,1251]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Comments</emphasis>
. The nomenclature and the synonymy of the species was discussed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFDCFFAFB97C5DC4FA3D7394" author="Menzel, F. &amp; Mohrig, W." box="[1123,1412,1226,1251]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="1 - 761" refId="ref15837" refString="Menzel, F. &amp; Mohrig, W. (2000) Revision der palaarktischen Trauermucken (Diptera: Sciaridae). Studia dipterologica, 6 (Supplement), 1 - 761." type="journal article" year="2000">Menzel &amp; Mohrig (2000)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37A656BFFDCFFAFBDD85DE0FDB57270" box="[199,524,1262,1287]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFDCFFAFBDD85DE0FDB57270" blockId="8.[151,1436,1154,1287]" box="[199,524,1262,1287]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFBDD85DE0FEE07270" bold="true" box="[199,345,1262,1287]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Distribution</emphasis>
. Cosmopolitan.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>