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<document id="550D69A16635879885F495986733460C" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.11066777" ID-ISSN="0068-547X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11066777" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1714049630094" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Williams, Gary C. &amp; Breedy, Odalisca" docDate="2016" docId="03C987D6FF9FFFCCFFADFC7745B418EC" docLanguage="en" docName="ProcCalifAcadSci.63.1.1-13.pdf" docOrigin="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E411DA009AF5E7F9A7E023431E2B7D5B.1:ProcCalifAcadSci.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="E411DA009AF5E7F9A7E023431E2B7D5B" docStyleName="ProcCalifAcadSci.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Swiftia farallonesica Williams and Breedy 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="4" masterDocId="FFF0FFAEFF9DFFCFFFD6FFFB442D1A32" masterDocTitle="A New Species of Whip-Like Gorgonian Coral in the Genus Swiftia from the Gulf of the Farallones in Central California, with a Key to Eastern Pacific Species in California (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Plexauridae)" masterLastPageNumber="13" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1714421004596" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="963FD9815661CED43ED00354E95CADA0">A New Species of Whip-Like Gorgonian Coral in the Genus Swiftia from the Gulf of the Farallones in Central California, with a Key to Eastern Pacific Species in California (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Plexauridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="28A0A61E181C5F4C5EF40C26AD4FC9DF">Williams, Gary C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="AFC9235A2335AE59C673FC74002673C8">Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Geology, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, California 94118, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3AAC21C2C9D66D3F2D9B5A16B1EAE7BB">Breedy, Odalisca</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="88943FE5BFED440C4EF85C7AB3F6292B">Centro de Investigación en Estructuras Microscópicas, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Escuela de Biologia, Universidad de Costa Rica. P. O. Box 11501 - 2060, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, P. O. Box 0843 - 03092, Panama, Republic of Panama.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="F8223CE3DF66655E21D253968CD7AD0A">Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="CD87635AA45918D55A3B04261794EEBF">2016</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D43FF9FFFCDFFADFC7746781997" ID-CoL="53K6R" authority="Williams and Breedy" authorityName="Williams and Breedy" authorityYear="2016" box="[123,597,908,933]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Swiftia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="farallonesica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B914EAD2FF9FFFCDFFADFC7745721996" bold="true" box="[123,351,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Swiftia farallonesica</emphasis>
Williams and Breedy
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22757A9FF9FFFCDFDB5FC7646941997" box="[611,697,909,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="8BDF36C0FF9FFFCDFFADFC5644DE19F1" blockId="2.[123,697,908,963]" box="[123,243,941,963]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<figureCitation id="135B2A45FF9FFFCDFFADFC5644C019F0" box="[123,237,941,963]" captionStart-0="FIGURE" captionStart-1="FIGURE" captionStart-2="FIGURE" captionStart-3="FIGURE" captionStart-4="FIGURE" captionStart-5="FIGURE" captionStart-6="FIGURE" captionStart-7="FIGURE" captionStart-8="FIGURE" captionStartId-0="1.[155,167,1371,1390]" captionStartId-1="4.[155,167,1413,1432]" captionStartId-2="5.[155,167,1563,1582]" captionStartId-3="6.[155,167,1578,1597]" captionStartId-4="7.[155,167,1593,1612]" captionStartId-5="8.[155,167,1587,1606]" captionStartId-6="9.[155,167,1321,1340]" captionStartId-7="10.[155,167,1482,1501]" captionStartId-8="11.[155,167,1049,1068]" captionTargetBox-0="[120,1176,647,1351]" captionTargetBox-1="[120,1176,216,1393]" captionTargetBox-2="[120,1176,216,1543]" captionTargetBox-3="[122,1175,216,1560]" captionTargetBox-4="[120,1176,216,1572]" captionTargetBox-5="[120,1176,216,1567]" captionTargetBox-6="[120,1176,216,1306]" captionTargetBox-7="[120,1176,216,1463]" captionTargetBox-8="[120,1176,216,1029]" captionTargetId-0="figure-980@1.[120,1176,660,1351]" captionTargetId-1="figure-43@4.[120,1176,216,1393]" captionTargetId-2="figure-66@5.[120,1176,216,1543]" captionTargetId-3="figure-43@6.[122,1175,216,1560]" captionTargetId-4="figure-66@7.[120,1176,216,1572]" captionTargetId-5="figure-44@8.[120,1176,216,1567]" captionTargetId-6="figure-66@9.[120,1176,216,1306]" captionTargetId-7="figure-45@10.[120,1176,216,1463]" captionTargetId-8="figure-1118@11.[120,1176,216,1029]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionTargetPageId-4="7" captionTargetPageId-5="8" captionTargetPageId-6="9" captionTargetPageId-7="10" captionTargetPageId-8="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. The Farallon Islands, approximately 40 miles west of San Francisco, California, and 70 miles southeast of the type locality of Swiftia farallonesica sp. nov., in the Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Swiftia farallonesica sp. nov. Wet-preserved holotype. A, D. Entire colony, scale bars = 10 mm. B. Distal apex region, scale bar = 5 mm. C. Middle portion of colony, scale bar = 10 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Swiftia farallonesica sp. nov. Underwater photographs taken in situ by ROV, between 181 and 190 m in depth, 6 September 2014." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Swiftia farallonesica sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs of coenenchymal sclerites — double discs and disc-spindles. Scale bar = 0.03 mm." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Swiftia farallonesica sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs of coenenchymal sclerites — eight radiates. Scale bar = 0.03 mm." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Swiftia farallonesica sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs of coenenchymal sclerites — spindles. Scale bar = 0.03 mm." captionText-6="FIGURE 7. Swiftia farallonesica sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs of anthocodial sclerites. Scale bar = 0.03 mm." captionText-7="FIGURE 8. Map of the Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary (central California, USA), showing type locality of Swiftia farallonesica sp. nov. (represented by red triangle). Map modified from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (2014)." captionText-8="FIGURE 9. Map showing the known distribution of the genus Swiftia in North America and northern South America. Arrow shows type locality of Swiftia farallonesica sp. nov." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066779" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066781" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066783" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066785" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066787" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066791" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066793" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066795" figureDoi-8="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066797" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/11066779/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/11066781/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/11066783/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/11066785/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/11066787/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/11066791/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/11066793/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/11066795/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/11066797/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figures 19</figureCitation>
.
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D43FF9FFFCDFFADFC2C476019DE" ID-CoL="84PMT" authority=", National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2014: 1 - 2" authorityName="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration" authorityPageNumber="1 - 2" authorityYear="2014" box="[123,845,982,1004]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914EAD2FF9FFFCDFFADFC2C44DC19DE" box="[123,241,983,1004]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Leptogorgia</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B31FF9FFFCDFF2BFC2D476019DE" author="NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION" box="[253,845,982,1004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref2864" refString="NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION. 2014. Scientists on NOAA-led mission discover new coral species off California. http: // www. noaanews. noaa. gov / stories 2014 / 20141105 _ deepseacoral. html Last updated November 05, 2014." type="url" year="2014">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2014:12</bibRefCitation>
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.
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.—
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B083C9DFF9FFFCDFF7DFBCB44DF1E9B" collectingDate="2014-09-06" collectionCode="TYPE, LOCALITY" country="United States of America" county="Bodega Bay" elevation="182" location="Deep-sea" municipality="Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California">
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(
<figureCitation id="135B2A45FF9FFFCDFEB3FBCB45E51E7A" box="[357,456,1072,1096]" captionStart-0="FIGURE" captionStart-1="FIGURE" captionStartId-0="10.[155,167,1482,1501]" captionStartId-1="11.[155,167,1049,1068]" captionTargetBox-0="[120,1176,216,1463]" captionTargetBox-1="[120,1176,216,1029]" captionTargetId-0="figure-45@10.[120,1176,216,1463]" captionTargetId-1="figure-1118@11.[120,1176,216,1029]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 8. Map of the Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary (central California, USA), showing type locality of Swiftia farallonesica sp. nov. (represented by red triangle). Map modified from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (2014)." captionText-1="FIGURE 9. Map showing the known distribution of the genus Swiftia in North America and northern South America. Arrow shows type locality of Swiftia farallonesica sp. nov." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066795" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066797" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/11066795/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/11066797/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 89</figureCitation>
).—
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rocky substrata at
<location id="8EBF601BFF9FFFCDFCF0FBCB47EE1E7A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C987D6FF9FFFCCFFADFC7745B418EC:8EBF601BFF9FFFCDFCF0FBCB47EE1E7A" box="[806,963,1072,1096]" country="United States of America" county="Bodega Bay" municipality="Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary" name="Football Shoal" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" stateProvince="California">Football Shoal</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBBACBAFF9FFFCDFC06FBCB458D1E5A" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary</collectingMunicipality>
, off
<collectingCounty id="62BE4E4CFF9FFFCDFE0FFBAB46701E5B" box="[473,605,1104,1129]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Bodega Bay</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingRegion id="49A4F822FF9FFFCDFDB8FBAB46F71E5A" box="[622,730,1104,1128]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">California</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3777650FF9FFFCDFD3CFBAB47321E5A" box="[746,799,1104,1128]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">USA</collectingCountry>
(38.00°26.33ʹN 123.00°34.19ʹW);
<elevation id="004DD1F3FF9FFFCDFFADFB8B452F1EBA" box="[123,258,1136,1160]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8199999999999998" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="182.0">
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depth
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;
<date id="FFDE1000FF9FFFCDFEC7FB8B45CF1EBA" box="[273,482,1136,1160]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2014-09-06">
<collectingDate id="EF9AE9E8FF9FFFCDFEC7FB8B45CF1EBA" box="[273,482,1136,1160]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2014-09-06">06 September 2014</collectingDate>
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; Gary Williams and Peter Etnoyer; one entire specimen collected by ROV
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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.— Found on hard, rugose, horizontal substrata composed of relatively dense congregations of detritus-covered rounded boulders between 181 and
<quantity id="4C989B25FF9FFFCDFC38FB2A401F1EDA" box="[1006,1074,1233,1257]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="190.0">190 m</quantity>
depth, at the type locality and vicinity (
<figureCitation id="135B2A45FF9FFFCDFE1EFB0A46001F3B" box="[456,557,1265,1289]" captionStart-0="FIGURE" captionStart-1="FIGURE" captionStartId-0="10.[155,167,1482,1501]" captionStartId-1="11.[155,167,1049,1068]" captionTargetBox-0="[120,1176,216,1463]" captionTargetBox-1="[120,1176,216,1029]" captionTargetId-0="figure-45@10.[120,1176,216,1463]" captionTargetId-1="figure-1118@11.[120,1176,216,1029]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 8. Map of the Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary (central California, USA), showing type locality of Swiftia farallonesica sp. nov. (represented by red triangle). Map modified from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (2014)." captionText-1="FIGURE 9. Map showing the known distribution of the genus Swiftia in North America and northern South America. Arrow shows type locality of Swiftia farallonesica sp. nov." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066795" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066797" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/11066795/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/11066797/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 89</figureCitation>
). Pink and white ophiuroids (species unidentified) were observed (on the
<typeStatus id="54DB8862FF9FFFCDFEEEFAEA45B81F1B" box="[312,405,1297,1321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and by underwater video and still imagery) attached along portions of the lengths of several colonies (
<figureCitation id="135B2A45FF9FFFCDFE34FACA46521F7B" box="[482,639,1329,1354]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="4.[155,167,1413,1432]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-43@4.[120,1176,216,1393]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Swiftia farallonesica sp. nov. Wet-preserved holotype. A, D. Entire colony, scale bars = 10 mm. B. Distal apex region, scale bar = 5 mm. C. Middle portion of colony, scale bar = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066781" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11066781/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 2A &amp; D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="135B2A45FF9FFFCDFD47FAC946C71F7B" box="[657,746,1330,1354]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="5.[155,167,1563,1582]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1543]" captionTargetId="figure-66@5.[120,1176,216,1543]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Swiftia farallonesica sp. nov. Underwater photographs taken in situ by ROV, between 181 and 190 m in depth, 6 September 2014." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066783" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11066783/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">3A &amp; E</figureCitation>
). Approximately 1520 colonies were observed in total by underwater video and still photography.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37A654BFF9FFFCDFF7DFA8947D81FF8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BDF36C0FF9FFFCDFF7DFA8947D81FF8" blockId="2.[123,1174,1040,1482]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B914EAD2FF9FFFCDFF7DFA8945181FBA" bold="true" box="[171,309,1394,1418]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">ETYMOLOGY</emphasis>
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.— The specific epithet is derived from the Spanish
<emphasis id="B914EAD2FF9FFFCDFCACFA8947FD1FB8" box="[890,976,1394,1418]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">farallón</emphasis>
(steep rock, cliff, headland, outcrop), and the Latin
<emphasis id="B914EAD2FF9FFFCDFE34FA68463B1F98" box="[482,534,1427,1450]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">-icus</emphasis>
(suffix meaning belonging to); referring to the region of the discovery of the new species — the Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37A654BFF9FFFCCFE0DFA0944EA1869" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDF36C0FF9FFFCDFE0DFA0947181C3E" blockId="2.[475,821,1522,1548]" box="[475,821,1522,1548]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<heading id="D09781ACFF9FFFCDFE0DFA0947181C3E" bold="true" box="[475,821,1522,1548]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B914EAD2FF9FFFCDFE0DFA0947181C3E" bold="true" box="[475,821,1522,1548]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Description of the
<typeStatus id="54DB8862FF9FFFCDFD15FA0947181C3E" box="[707,821,1522,1548]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF36C0FF9FFFCCFF7DF9DE47C31B06" blockId="2.[123,1173,1573,1726]" lastBlockId="3.[123,1174,219,734]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B914EAD2FF9FFFCDFF7DF9DE45EE1C09" bold="true" box="[171,451,1573,1597]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<smallCapsWord id="8D39A01CFF9FFFCDFF7DF9DE45331C09" baselines="1591,1590" box="[171,286,1573,1597]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="External" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">EXTERNAL</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D39A01CFF9FFFCDFEFAF9D345EE1C09" baselines="1590" box="[300,451,1576,1595]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="morphology" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">MORPHOLOGY</smallCapsWord>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="135B2A45FF9FFFCDFE0CF9DE46681C0F" box="[474,581,1573,1597]" captionStart-0="FIGURE" captionStart-1="FIGURE" captionStartId-0="4.[155,167,1413,1432]" captionStartId-1="5.[155,167,1563,1582]" captionTargetBox-0="[120,1176,216,1393]" captionTargetBox-1="[120,1176,216,1543]" captionTargetId-0="figure-43@4.[120,1176,216,1393]" captionTargetId-1="figure-66@5.[120,1176,216,1543]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Swiftia farallonesica sp. nov. Wet-preserved holotype. A, D. Entire colony, scale bars = 10 mm. B. Distal apex region, scale bar = 5 mm. C. Middle portion of colony, scale bar = 10 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Swiftia farallonesica sp. nov. Underwater photographs taken in situ by ROV, between 181 and 190 m in depth, 6 September 2014." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066781" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066783" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/11066781/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/11066783/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 23</figureCitation>
).— The proximal-most surface of the holdfast that adheres to the substratum is circular, approximately
<quantity id="4C989B25FF9FFFCDFD65F9BE46D31C6E" box="[691,766,1605,1629]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
in diameter and
<quantity id="4C989B25FF9FFFCDFC6EF9BE47D81C6E" box="[952,1013,1605,1629]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
in height. The colony is unbranched and whip-like,
<quantity id="4C989B25FF9FFFCDFDDDF99E464F1C4E" box="[523,610,1637,1661]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.78" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="378.0">378 mm</quantity>
in length by
<quantity id="4C989B25FF9FFFCDFD25F99E47661C4E" box="[755,843,1637,1661]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">34 mm</quantity>
in width. The external surface of the colony is pustular in appearance with retracted polyps forming low mounds on all sides of the branches, from the holdfast to the apex of the colony. Each protuberance is approximately 2.0 mm in diameter at their bases and 0.81.0 mm in height. There are approximately 2530 polyps per every
<quantity id="4C989B25FF9EFFCCFF3DFF0745181B21" box="[235,309,252,276]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
along the length of the colony. Many of the polyps throughout the colony are entirely retracted, while others are preserved in varying states of partial retraction.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF36C0FF9EFFCCFF7DFEC644ED182B" blockId="3.[123,1174,219,734]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<smallCapsWord id="8D39A01CFF9EFFCCFF7DFEC645331B66" baselines="335,335" box="[171,286,317,341]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Sclerites" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B914EAD2FF9EFFCCFF7DFEC645331B66" bold="true" box="[171,286,317,341]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">SCLERITES</emphasis>
</smallCapsWord>
(
<figureCitation id="135B2A45FF9EFFCCFEE6FEC645B81B67" box="[304,405,317,341]" captionStart-0="FIGURE" captionStart-1="FIGURE" captionStart-2="FIGURE" captionStart-3="FIGURE" captionStartId-0="6.[155,167,1578,1597]" captionStartId-1="7.[155,167,1593,1612]" captionStartId-2="8.[155,167,1587,1606]" captionStartId-3="9.[155,167,1321,1340]" captionTargetBox-0="[122,1175,216,1560]" captionTargetBox-1="[120,1176,216,1572]" captionTargetBox-2="[120,1176,216,1567]" captionTargetBox-3="[120,1176,216,1306]" captionTargetId-0="figure-43@6.[122,1175,216,1560]" captionTargetId-1="figure-66@7.[120,1176,216,1572]" captionTargetId-2="figure-44@8.[120,1176,216,1567]" captionTargetId-3="figure-66@9.[120,1176,216,1306]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionTargetPageId-3="9" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Swiftia farallonesica sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs of coenenchymal sclerites — double discs and disc-spindles. Scale bar = 0.03 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Swiftia farallonesica sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs of coenenchymal sclerites — eight radiates. Scale bar = 0.03 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 6. Swiftia farallonesica sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs of coenenchymal sclerites — spindles. Scale bar = 0.03 mm." captionText-3="FIGURE 7. Swiftia farallonesica sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs of anthocodial sclerites. Scale bar = 0.03 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066785" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066787" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066791" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066793" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/11066785/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/11066787/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/11066791/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/11066793/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 47</figureCitation>
).— The sclerites of the polyp mounds and coenenchyme are predominantly double discs and disc spindles 0.05
<quantity id="4C989B25FF9EFFCCFD95FEA5468D1B47" box="[579,672,350,374]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="0.08">0.08 mm</quantity>
in length (
<figureCitation id="135B2A45FF9EFFCCFCC4FEA547621B44" box="[786,847,350,374]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="6.[155,167,1578,1597]" captionTargetBox="[122,1175,216,1560]" captionTargetId="figure-43@6.[122,1175,216,1560]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Swiftia farallonesica sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs of coenenchymal sclerites — double discs and disc-spindles. Scale bar = 0.03 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066785" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11066785/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
), eight-radiates 0.04
<quantity id="4C989B25FF9EFFCCFBE1FEA540B81B47" box="[1079,1173,350,374]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="0.12">0.12 mm</quantity>
long (
<figureCitation id="135B2A45FF9EFFCCFF6DFE8444D71BA5" box="[187,250,383,407]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="7.[155,167,1593,1612]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1572]" captionTargetId="figure-66@7.[120,1176,216,1572]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Swiftia farallonesica sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs of coenenchymal sclerites — eight radiates. Scale bar = 0.03 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11066787/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
), and spindles and girdled spindles (0.08
<quantity id="4C989B25FF9EFFCCFD10FE84470B1BA4" box="[710,806,383,407]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.20 mm</quantity>
in length). Some girdled spindles are wider toward one end compared to the opposite end, and thus appear somewhat club-shaped in overall appearance (
<figureCitation id="135B2A45FF9EFFCCFE8EFE3B45B51BEA" box="[344,408,448,472]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="8.[155,167,1587,1606]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-44@8.[120,1176,216,1567]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Swiftia farallonesica sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs of coenenchymal sclerites — spindles. Scale bar = 0.03 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11066791/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). Sclerites of the anthocodiae are mostly elongated rods with parallel sides and are variably tuberculated, 0.09
<quantity id="4C989B25FF9EFFCCFDE0FE1A46B91BCA" box="[566,660,481,505]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="0.21">0.21 mm</quantity>
long (
<figureCitation id="135B2A45FF9EFFCCFD0CFE1A47351BCA" box="[730,792,481,505]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="9.[155,167,1321,1340]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1306]" captionTargetId="figure-66@9.[120,1176,216,1306]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Swiftia farallonesica sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs of anthocodial sclerites. Scale bar = 0.03 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11066793/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). All sclerites in the colony are colorless.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF36C0FF9EFFCCFF7DFDD944EA1869" blockId="3.[123,1174,219,734]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<smallCapsWord id="8D39A01CFF9EFFCCFF7DFDD944D4180B" baselines="564,564" box="[171,249,546,570]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Color" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B914EAD2FF9EFFCCFF7DFDD944D4180B" bold="true" box="[171,249,546,570]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">COLOR</emphasis>
</smallCapsWord>
(
<figureCitation id="135B2A45FF9EFFCCFEDFFDD945411809" box="[265,364,546,571]" captionStart-0="FIGURE" captionStart-1="FIGURE" captionStartId-0="4.[155,167,1413,1432]" captionStartId-1="5.[155,167,1563,1582]" captionTargetBox-0="[120,1176,216,1393]" captionTargetBox-1="[120,1176,216,1543]" captionTargetId-0="figure-43@4.[120,1176,216,1393]" captionTargetId-1="figure-66@5.[120,1176,216,1543]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Swiftia farallonesica sp. nov. Wet-preserved holotype. A, D. Entire colony, scale bars = 10 mm. B. Distal apex region, scale bar = 5 mm. C. Middle portion of colony, scale bar = 10 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Swiftia farallonesica sp. nov. Underwater photographs taken in situ by ROV, between 181 and 190 m in depth, 6 September 2014." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066781" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066783" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/11066781/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/11066783/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 23</figureCitation>
).— The color of the
<typeStatus id="54DB8862FF9EFFCCFD86FDD946801808" box="[592,685,546,570]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is white throughout, both in life and wet-preserved.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37A654BFF9EFFCCFF7DFD9F45B418EC" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDF36C0FF9EFFCCFF7DFD9F45B418EC" blockId="3.[123,1174,219,734]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<smallCapsWord id="8D39A01CFF9EFFCCFF7DFD9F453B1848" baselines="630,629" box="[171,278,612,636]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Remarks" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B914EAD2FF9EFFCCFF7DFD9F453B1848" bold="true" box="[171,278,612,636]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">REMARKS</emphasis>
</smallCapsWord>
(
<figureCitation id="135B2A45FF9EFFCCFEF0FD9F45A7184E" box="[294,394,612,636]" captionStart-0="FIGURE" captionStart-1="FIGURE" captionStartId-0="4.[155,167,1413,1432]" captionStartId-1="5.[155,167,1563,1582]" captionTargetBox-0="[120,1176,216,1393]" captionTargetBox-1="[120,1176,216,1543]" captionTargetId-0="figure-43@4.[120,1176,216,1393]" captionTargetId-1="figure-66@5.[120,1176,216,1543]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Swiftia farallonesica sp. nov. Wet-preserved holotype. A, D. Entire colony, scale bars = 10 mm. B. Distal apex region, scale bar = 5 mm. C. Middle portion of colony, scale bar = 10 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Swiftia farallonesica sp. nov. Underwater photographs taken in situ by ROV, between 181 and 190 m in depth, 6 September 2014." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066781" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066783" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/11066781/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/11066783/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 23</figureCitation>
).— All colonies observed are whip-like and unbranched, except for one colony that was recorded by underwater still imagery and is Y-shaped with a single lateral branch (
<figureCitation id="135B2A45FF9EFFCCFF52FD5E44F9188C" box="[132,212,677,702]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="5.[155,167,1563,1582]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1543]" captionTargetId="figure-66@5.[120,1176,216,1543]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Swiftia farallonesica sp. nov. Underwater photographs taken in situ by ROV, between 181 and 190 m in depth, 6 September 2014." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066783" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11066783/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
). All colonies that were observed by underwater video or still imagery are also uniformly white in color (
<figureCitation id="135B2A45FF9EFFCCFEF6FD3D45A418EC" box="[288,393,710,734]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="5.[155,167,1563,1582]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1543]" captionTargetId="figure-66@5.[120,1176,216,1543]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Swiftia farallonesica sp. nov. Underwater photographs taken in situ by ROV, between 181 and 190 m in depth, 6 September 2014." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066783" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11066783/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig 3AE</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>