267 lines
34 KiB
XML
267 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="276CD3163F395E0693EFFD0C7C0AA350" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.282353" ID-GBIF-Dataset="675807a8-0007-438c-99e0-282827c51474" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="282353" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460527192505" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kelly, Michelle & Sim-Smith, Carina" docDate="2012" docId="03C987BFFFF6FFD209A48F88FE675F94" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03480p047.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3480" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Ancorina Schmidt" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="4" masterDocId="FFF0FFC7FFF5FFD109338F55FFFF5811" masterDocTitle="A review of Ancorina, Stryphnus, and Ecionemia (Demospongiae, Astrophorida, Ancorinidae), with descriptions of new species from New Zealand waters" masterLastPageNumber="47" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1698315279920" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="1D0C5073CA7599A69F41DEB0627F90E9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="3F2BDDE4E57761EA38CDE01764558E99">
|
||
<mods:title id="2B7414695B3AB7D78BC8B3833C06C8A9">A review of Ancorina, Stryphnus, and Ecionemia (Demospongiae, Astrophorida, Ancorinidae), with descriptions of new species from New Zealand waters</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="86A5DE064D056FD7638CFD8FB6D0DA18" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="6E5F43D7D0CBB0BE867762EF3F297F40">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="A5CB16494BBDAED0DBA2DA0F032A091F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="3C030DA23580145665004B512335E8C2">Kelly, Michelle</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="46D69273B1224E8C7818D683BEB1D5EA" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="45BDFDBF243A301FECDC789CE3D9B218">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="A21988F2D7DD9C91AF4F78E43EF56F8F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="8B2155F3BA533A2A3DF7F8F3E477F20F">Sim-Smith, Carina</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="1D0AEFE48BBA7A5624543F43B8D4153D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="5C4D65631AF8A2916DE1D84BC822C310" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="0F27A561BBAAE24B633E764456B64AAA">
|
||
<mods:title id="E89D17DDC900EC53A09F8C199360F67B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="C9B58411DCA8FCC5B9A1FC2F9B02369A">
|
||
<mods:date id="16AB35F05C33AE8A2C08D7F7EC8F92A2">2012</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="3F46FCFB22A385CC581F197B83C2FC93" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="A2A50EC057059F1192B8745990080C70">3480</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="E81D0FA1F44A84CC29FFD7DF247D22AF" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="BFFD84A121C2C78B639D003B4CF16DA8">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="C063B95C3EDF97300FE480EAAB4A5494">47</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="BB62B572703845C64B0A06DF1FCBD8D6">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="7D2E34FA8EEB4EDB6A8F2D18060C1492" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.282353</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="5A14B7C896C8388BE27022823FA81BD8" type="GBIF-Dataset">675807a8-0007-438c-99e0-282827c51474</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="5560A3A712F7658722BB8C759CED2BDF" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="F38E25CA93F6B9D20B9C8521331D4214" type="Zenodo-Dep">282353</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03C987BFFFF6FFD209A48F88FE675F94" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6168599" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119526419" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6168599" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C987BFFFF6FFD209A48F88FE675F94" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C987BFFFF6FFD209A48F88FE675F94" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A6522FFF6FFD209A48F88FE2F58E6" box="[151,464,221,247]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36A9FFF6FFD209A48F88FE2F58E6" blockId="3.[151,464,221,247]" box="[151,464,221,247]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<heading id="D09781C5FFF6FFD209A48F88FE2F58E6" bold="true" box="[151,464,221,247]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFF6FFD209A48F88FE2F58E6" bold="true" box="[151,464,221,247]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFF6FFD209DD8F88FE2F58E6" authority="Schmidt" authorityName="Schmidt" box="[238,464,221,247]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ancorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFF6FFD209DD8F88FE9F58E6" bold="true" box="[238,352,221,247]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ancorina</emphasis>
|
||
Schmidt
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A6522FFF6FFD209A48E71FE205949" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36A9FFF6FFD209A48E71FE435928" blockId="3.[151,479,291,344]" box="[151,444,291,313]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB701187FFF6FFD209A48E71FE435928" box="[151,444,291,313]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFF6FFD209A48E71FE475928" authority="Schmidt, 1862: 51" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityPageNumber="51" authorityYear="1862" box="[151,440,291,313]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ancorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFF6FFD209A48E71FF0A5928" box="[151,245,292,313]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ancorina</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC110B8FFF6FFD209C88E76FE475928" author="Schmidt" box="[251,440,291,313]" page="51" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1862">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B58FFF6FFD209C88E76FE6D5928" author="Schmidt" box="[251,402,291,313]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Schmidt, O. (1862) Die Spongien des adriatischen Meeres. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 88 pp." type="book" year="1862">Schmidt, 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 51
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36A9FFF6FFD209A48E17FE205949" blockId="3.[151,479,291,344]" box="[151,479,322,344]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB701187FFF6FFD209A48E17FE205949" box="[151,479,322,344]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFF6FFD209A48E17FE235949" ID-CoL="2eb471a3-4a58-4d86-9dac-edba8ae73064" authority="Topsent, 1892: 18" authorityName="Topsent" authorityPageNumber="18" authorityYear="1892" box="[151,476,322,344]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Sanidastrella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFF6FFD209A48E17FEE25949" box="[151,285,322,344]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Sanidastrella</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC110B8FFF6FFD208108E16FE235949" author="Topsent" box="[291,476,323,344]" page="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1892">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B58FFF6FFD208108E16FE495949" author="Topsent" box="[291,438,323,344]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Topsent, E. (1892) Diagnoses d'eponges nouvelles de la Mediterranee et plus particulierement de Banyuls. Archives de Zoologie experimentale et generale, (2) 10, (Notes et Revue 6) xvii - xxviii." type="journal article" year="1892">Topsent, 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 18
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A6522FFF6FFD209A48ED0FBCE598C" box="[151,1073,389,414]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36A9FFF6FFD209A48ED0FBCE598C" blockId="3.[151,1437,389,1925]" box="[151,1073,389,414]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFF6FFD209A48ED0FED4598F" bold="true" box="[151,299,389,414]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB880BFFF6FFD209A48ED0FF2D598C" box="[151,210,389,413]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFF6FFD208098ED0FD17598C" authority="Schmidt, 1862: 51" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityPageNumber="51" authorityYear="1862" box="[314,744,389,413]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ancorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cerebrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFF6FFD208098ED0FDEC598C" box="[314,531,389,413]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ancorina cerebrum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B58FFF6FFD20B298ED0FD3E598C" author="Schmidt" box="[538,705,389,413]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Schmidt, O. (1862) Die Spongien des adriatischen Meeres. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 88 pp." type="book" year="1862">Schmidt, 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 51
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(by subsequent designation).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A6522FFF6FFD209F68EFDFDC15AF0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36A9FFF6FFD209F68EFDFDC15AF0" blockId="3.[151,1437,389,1925]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFF6FFD209F68EFDFEC059D0" bold="true" box="[197,319,424,449]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFF6FFD208678EFCFE2159D0" box="[340,478,425,449]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Ancorinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a conspicuous ectosome, large triaenes (orthotriaenes, plagiotriaenes, dichotriaenes, protriaenes, and anatriaenes), and oxeas. The ectosome can be up to several mm thick, with layers of fibrillar collagen deposited at the surface and above the ectosome/choanosome boundary, the latter of which often appears dark and granular. Triaenes radiate in dense discrete brushes within the ectosome, cladomes outermost, often extending beyond the sponge surface, rendering it harsh and hispid. Oxeas diverge obliquely towards the surface in loose tracts, but have a confused orientation deeper within the choanosome. Microscleres include small euasters (chiasters, tylasters, oxyasters), and a larger
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFF6FFD20A278DD7FC8C5A8B" box="[788,883,642,666]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Melophlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="oxyaster">oxyaster</taxonomicName>
|
||
category that is commonly present within the choanosome. Short irregular sanidasterhabds and/or sanidasters are concentrated within a surface layer of the ectosome (emended from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B58FFF6FFD2088F8D9CFDCD5AF0" author="Uriz" box="[444,562,713,737]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Uriz, M. J. (2002) Family Ancorinidae Schmidt, 1870. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.) Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers Ltd, New York, pp. 108 - 126." type="book chapter" year="2002">Uriz 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A6522FFF6FFD209F68DB8FE675F94" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36A9FFF6FFD209F68DB8FE0F5D30" blockId="3.[151,1437,389,1925]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFF6FFD209F68DB8FEC65B14" bold="true" box="[197,313,749,773]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B58FFF6FFD2080C8DB8FE3C5B14" author="Uriz" box="[319,451,749,773]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Uriz, M. J. (2002) Family Ancorinidae Schmidt, 1870. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.) Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers Ltd, New York, pp. 108 - 126." type="book chapter" year="2002">Uriz (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
commented that, following
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B58FFF6FFD20BCD8DB8FC6B5B14" author="Sollas" box="[766,916,749,773]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Sollas, W. J. (1888) Report on the Tetractinellida collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger', 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 25, 1 - 458, pls I - XLIV, map." type="journal article" year="1888">Sollas (1888)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and various early authors, she also considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFF6FFD209AA8C44FEFE5B38" box="[153,257,785,809]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ancorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFF6FFD209AA8C44FEFE5B38" box="[153,257,785,809]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ancorina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be separate from
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFF6FFD208C28C47FD905B38" box="[497,623,786,809]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFF6FFD208C28C47FD935B38" box="[497,620,786,809]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ecionemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Ecionemia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and that the former was characterised by the possession of sanidasters (defined as having a linear shaft from which rays arise perpendicular to the axis along the entire shaft), while the latter possessed a microrhabd (defined here as a straight acanthose monaxonic microsclere). Uriz conceded, however, that the difference between sanidasters and microrhabds is not always clear because it was sometimes difficult to differentiate between spiny microrhabds and sanidasters with reduced actins. We find that the ‘sanidasters’ of our
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777639FFF6FFD208B18C93FDE45BCC" box="[386,539,965,989]" name="New Zealand" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFF6FFD20B158C90FD715BCC" box="[550,654,965,989]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ancorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFF6FFD20B158C90FD715BCC" box="[550,654,965,989]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ancorina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are different from those of other genera; they are short and highly irregular, frequently with an almost euasterose centrum, or an elongated thick axis rather than a long linear axis as in a true sanidaster. The rays may be reduced to short acanthose spines as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFF6FFD20D318B58FB565C34" box="[1026,1193,1037,1061]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ancorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="diplococcus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFF6FFD20D318B58FB565C34" box="[1026,1193,1037,1061]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A. diplococcus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFF6FFD20DDB8B58FA635C34" box="[1256,1436,1037,1061]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ancorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="stalagmoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFF6FFD20DDB8B58FB065C34" box="[1256,1273,1037,1061]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFF6FFD20C3B8B58FA635C34" box="[1288,1436,1037,1061]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">stalagmoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<figureCitation id="135B2A2CFFF6FFD209FD8B64FEEE5C58" box="[206,273,1073,1097]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1822,1845]" captionTargetBox="[248,1333,193,1790]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[248,1334,193,1790]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Megascleres and microscleres of New Zealand species of Ancorina: Ancorina diplococcus, NIWA 62048: A. dichotriaene, scale = 500 µm; B. oxyaster I, scale = 10 µm; C. dumbbell-shaped sanidasterhabds, scale = 5 µm. Ancorina stalagmoides, NIWA 49896: D. protriaene, scale = 500 µm; E. prodichotriaene, scale = 500 µm; F. oxyaster I, scale = 10 µm; G. oxyaster II, scale = 5 µm; H. dumbbell-shaped sanidasterhabds, scale = 5 µm. Ancorina bellae sp. nov., NIWA 62005: I. prodichotriaene, scale = 500 µm; J. anatriaene, scale = 200 µm; K. oxyaster I, scale = 20 µm; L. oxyaster II, scale = 10 µm; M. cruciform sanidasterhabds, scale = 5 µm. Ancorina globosa sp. nov., NIWA 76782: N. dichotriaene, scale = 500 µm; O. oxyaster I, scale = 20 µm; P. spheraster-shaped oxyaster II, scale = 4 µm; Q. dumbbell-shaped sanidasterhabds, scale = 6 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282357/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
C, H), in which the microsclere takes the appearance of a spiny rhabd with a slightly restricted middle region (dumbbell-shaped), or the microsclere may have two to six short thick acanthose strongylote rays or clubs (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="135B2A2CFFF6FFD209FD8B2CFEEE5C80" box="[206,273,1145,1169]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1822,1845]" captionTargetBox="[248,1333,193,1790]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[248,1334,193,1790]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Megascleres and microscleres of New Zealand species of Ancorina: Ancorina diplococcus, NIWA 62048: A. dichotriaene, scale = 500 µm; B. oxyaster I, scale = 10 µm; C. dumbbell-shaped sanidasterhabds, scale = 5 µm. Ancorina stalagmoides, NIWA 49896: D. protriaene, scale = 500 µm; E. prodichotriaene, scale = 500 µm; F. oxyaster I, scale = 10 µm; G. oxyaster II, scale = 5 µm; H. dumbbell-shaped sanidasterhabds, scale = 5 µm. Ancorina bellae sp. nov., NIWA 62005: I. prodichotriaene, scale = 500 µm; J. anatriaene, scale = 200 µm; K. oxyaster I, scale = 20 µm; L. oxyaster II, scale = 10 µm; M. cruciform sanidasterhabds, scale = 5 µm. Ancorina globosa sp. nov., NIWA 76782: N. dichotriaene, scale = 500 µm; O. oxyaster I, scale = 20 µm; P. spheraster-shaped oxyaster II, scale = 4 µm; Q. dumbbell-shaped sanidasterhabds, scale = 6 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282357/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
M) as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFF6FFD2084A8B2CFE225C80" box="[377,477,1145,1169]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ancorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bellae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFF6FFD2084A8B2CFE755C80" box="[377,394,1145,1169]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFF6FFD208AA8B2CFE225C80" box="[409,477,1145,1169]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">bellae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22757C0FFF6FFD208D58B2FFDBE5C83" box="[486,577,1146,1170]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFF6FFD208D58B2FFDBE5C83" bold="true" box="[486,577,1146,1170]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
The difference between these and the microrhabds of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFF6FFD20D9F8B2FFADB5C80" box="[1196,1316,1146,1169]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ecionemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFF6FFD20D9F8B2FFADB5C80" box="[1196,1316,1146,1169]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ecionemia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is that the latter are grain-shaped and uniformly roughened (acanthose), not spined (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="135B2A2CFFF6FFD20D188BC8FB8E5CA4" box="[1067,1137,1181,1205]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1376,1399]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1355]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,1355]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Megascleres and microscleres of New Zealand species of Ecionemia: Ecionemia alata, NIWA 52981: A. plagiotriaene, scale = 500 µm; B – C. anatriaenes, scale = 100 µm; D. chiaster with recurved spines, scale = 5 µm; E. acanthomicrorhabd, scale = 5 µm. Ecionemia novaezealandiae, NIWA 62156: F. plagiotriaene, scale = 500 µm; G. anatriaene, scale = 100 µm; H. promesotriaene, scale = 100 µm; I. chiaster with recurved spines, scale = 5 µm; J. spherochiaster, scale = 5 µm; K. acanthomicrorhabd, scale = 5 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282358/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
E, K). In order to reduce confusion between triaene-containing species with true sanidasters such as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFF6FFD20D338B94FB905CC8" box="[1024,1135,1217,1241]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stryphnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFF6FFD20D338B94FB905CC8" box="[1024,1135,1217,1241]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Stryphnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFF6FFD20D968B94FAEB5CC8" box="[1189,1300,1217,1241]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Asteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFF6FFD20D968B94FAEB5CC8" box="[1189,1300,1217,1241]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Asteropus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we call the microscleres of these
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFF6FFD2089E8BB0FDEA5CEC" box="[429,533,1253,1277]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ancorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFF6FFD2089E8BB0FDEA5CEC" box="[429,533,1253,1277]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ancorina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
‘sanidasterhabds’ in recognition of their sanidasters-like rays, but short microrhabd-like overall shape.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36A9FFF6FFD209F68A78FE635EBC" blockId="3.[151,1437,389,1925]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B58FFF6FFD209F68A78FEB25D54" author="Uriz" box="[197,333,1325,1349]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Uriz, M. J. (2002) Family Ancorinidae Schmidt, 1870. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.) Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers Ltd, New York, pp. 108 - 126." type="book chapter" year="2002">Uriz (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
implied in her revision of the diagnoses of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFF6FFD20A6E8A78FC3A5D54" box="[861,965,1325,1349]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ancorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFF6FFD20A6E8A78FC3A5D54" box="[861,965,1325,1349]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ancorina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFF6FFD20D378A7BFB835D54" box="[1028,1148,1326,1349]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ecionemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFF6FFD20D378A7BFB835D54" box="[1028,1148,1326,1349]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ecionemia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFF6FFD20DF78A78FAD35D54" box="[1220,1324,1325,1349]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ancorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFF6FFD20DF78A78FAD35D54" box="[1220,1324,1325,1349]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ancorina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFF6FFD2084A8A07FE0E5D78" box="[377,497,1362,1385]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ecionemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFF6FFD2084A8A07FE0E5D78" box="[377,497,1362,1385]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ecionemia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the presence of oxyasters in the former, and a lack of oxyasters in the latter. Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFF6FFD208118A20FE755D9C" box="[290,394,1397,1421]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ancorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFF6FFD208118A20FE755D9C" box="[290,394,1397,1421]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ancorina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possess a category of small euasters, reported in the literature variously as chiasters, oxyasters, oxyspherasters, stronglyotylasters, or tylasters. We have observed that many species, including various specimens of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB880BFFF6FFD208588AEBFE645DC7" box="[363,411,1470,1494]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFF6FFD20B388AE8FCFD5DC4" authority="Schmidt" authorityName="Schmidt" box="[523,770,1469,1493]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ancorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cerebrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFF6FFD20B388AE8FDE35DC4" box="[523,540,1469,1493]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFF6FFD20B1C8AE8FD665DC4" box="[559,665,1469,1493]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">cerebrum</emphasis>
|
||
Schmidt
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFF6FFD20A7F8AE8FB315DC4" authority="Marenzeller (1889)" authorityName="Marenzeller" authorityYear="1889" box="[844,1230,1469,1493]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ancorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cerebrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFF6FFD20A7F8AE8FCA25DC4" box="[844,861,1469,1493]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFF6FFD20A428AE8FC245DC4" box="[881,987,1469,1493]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">cerebrum</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B58FFF6FFD20ADD8AE8FB315DC4" author="Marenzeller" box="[1006,1230,1469,1493]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="von Marenzeller, E. M. (1889) Ueber die adriatischen Arten der Schmidt'schen Gattungen Stelletta und Ancorina. Annalen des K. K. naturhistorischen Hofmuseums, 4, 7 - 20, pls II - III." type="journal article" year="1889">Marenzeller (1889)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFF6FFD20DEC8AE8FEBE5DE8" authority="Schmidt, 1862" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="boglicii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFF6FFD20DEC8AE8FA635DC4" box="[1247,1436,1469,1493]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Stelletta boglicii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B58FFF6FFD209AA8AB4FEBE5DE8" author="Schmidt" box="[153,321,1505,1529]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Schmidt, O. (1862) Die Spongien des adriatischen Meeres. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 88 pp." type="book" year="1862">Schmidt, 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFF6FFD2087F8AB7FD7F5DE8" authority="Schmidt, 1862" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[332,640,1505,1529]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="immunda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFF6FFD2087F8AB7FEA55DE8" box="[332,346,1506,1529]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFF6FFD2085B8AB4FE2F5DE8" box="[360,464,1505,1529]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">immunda</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B58FFF6FFD208EB8AB4FD7F5DE8" author="Schmidt" box="[472,640,1505,1529]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Schmidt, O. (1862) Die Spongien des adriatischen Meeres. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 88 pp." type="book" year="1862">Schmidt, 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), have a second category of larger euaster, an
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFF6FFD20DB48AB7FB175DEB" box="[1159,1256,1506,1530]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Melophlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="oxyaster">oxyaster</taxonomicName>
|
||
, confined to the choanosome. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFF6FFD208628950FD4A5E0C" authority="Lendenfeld, 1907" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1907" box="[337,693,1541,1565]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ancorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="multistella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFF6FFD208628950FE195E0C" box="[337,486,1541,1565]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A. multistella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B58FFF6FFD208DF8950FD4A5E0C" author="Lendenfeld" box="[492,693,1541,1565]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="von Lendenfeld, R. (1907) Die Tetraxonia. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf der Dampfer Valdivia 1898 - 1899, 11, i - iv, 59 - 374, pls IX - XLVI." type="journal article" year="1907">Lendenfeld, 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, these may reach 135 µm diameter (see Table 3). Within the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFF6FFD209AA897FFEEE5E50" box="[153,273,1578,1601]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ecionemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFF6FFD209AA897FFEEE5E50" box="[153,273,1578,1601]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ecionemia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFF6FFD20852897FFD615E50" authority="Bowerbank, 1873" authorityName="Bowerbank" authorityYear="1873" box="[353,670,1577,1601]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ecionemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="densa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFF6FFD20852897FFE8D5E50" box="[353,370,1578,1601]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFF6FFD208B6897CFE395E50" box="[389,454,1577,1601]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">densa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B58FFF6FFD208E1897CFD615E50" author="Bowerbank" box="[466,670,1577,1601]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Bowerbank, J. S. (1873) Contributions to a general history of the spongiadae. Part V. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1873, 319 - 333, pls XXVIII - XXXI." type="proceedings paper" year="1873">Bowerbank, 1873</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is described as having oxyasters, but these are in the same size category as the other small euasters. Thus we agree with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B58FFF6FFD20A208918FC675E74" author="Uriz" box="[787,920,1613,1637]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Uriz, M. J. (2002) Family Ancorinidae Schmidt, 1870. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.) Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers Ltd, New York, pp. 108 - 126." type="book chapter" year="2002">Uriz (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but have expanded her diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFF6FFD20C078918FA635E74" box="[1332,1436,1613,1637]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ancorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFF6FFD20C078918FA635E74" box="[1332,1436,1613,1637]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ancorina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to state that there are usually two size categories of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFF6FFD20BE68927FCC95E9B" box="[725,822,1650,1674]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Melophlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="oxyaster">oxyaster</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as opposed to there usually only being a single (small) category in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFF6FFD2082E89C3FE6A5EBC" box="[285,405,1686,1709]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ecionemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFF6FFD2082E89C3FE6A5EBC" box="[285,405,1686,1709]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ecionemia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36A9FFF6FFD209F689EFFE675F94" blockId="3.[151,1437,389,1925]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
We also concur with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B58FFF6FFD2088689ECFDC55EC0" author="Uriz" box="[437,570,1721,1745]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Uriz, M. J. (2002) Family Ancorinidae Schmidt, 1870. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.) Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers Ltd, New York, pp. 108 - 126." type="book chapter" year="2002">Uriz (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
comment about the difficulty of differentiating between the sanidasterhabds of some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFF6FFD209C88988FE9C5EE4" box="[251,355,1757,1781]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ancorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFF6FFD209C88988FE9C5EE4" box="[251,355,1757,1781]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ancorina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, and the acanthormicrorhabds of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFF6FFD20A0B898BFC4F5EE4" box="[824,944,1758,1781]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ecionemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFF6FFD20A0B898BFC4F5EE4" box="[824,944,1758,1781]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ecionemia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. Accordingly, in our emendment of the diagnoses of the two genera, we emphasise the clear differences in the architecture of the ectosome as being critical in determining the generic diagnosis. Microsclere form and size, whether sanidasterhabds, acanthomicrorhabds, and the presence of small or large oxyasters, are complementary characters that serve to confirm the diagnoses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |