150 lines
30 KiB
XML
150 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="25D8F7ECCD9652AC721B3791F041659C" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.187219" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9408e928-c675-4a30-95a4-4589dd3316ed" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="187219" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461064394328" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Macedo, Antonio Carlos Cruz" docDate="2009" docId="03C987B2B7333727FF7B97CCFCCF2B44" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02075p032.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2075" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Gasteruption Latreille 1796" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="FFF0FFCAB73B372EFFEC9321FFED2A37" masterDocTitle="Generic classification for the Gasteruptiinae (Hymenoptera: Gasteruptiidae) based on a cladistic analysis, with the description of two new Neotropical genera and the revalidation of Plutofoenus Kieffer" masterLastPageNumber="32" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1698583218253" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="810E6752172B3479E7178D88F5BBED7F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="7614190C63E1293236A1D819589682D5">
|
||
<mods:title id="9B35D8442860A6DB3022346945EF187C">Generic classification for the Gasteruptiinae (Hymenoptera: Gasteruptiidae) based on a cladistic analysis, with the description of two new Neotropical genera and the revalidation of Plutofoenus Kieffer</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="24084B97ABF3DD785E359A183FD3F956" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="DA699B5C174C560549954A2C5E8AB203">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="7056AE3BA5FBBFE6C5A3795F30A9292B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="8180B555D9EE3A5CA3F683CECDC6C130">Macedo, Antonio Carlos Cruz</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="BAF6AF216682FAE101F361436EEA415C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="42978A6FFDCB9D9BFAAEF7A9691734E0" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="43329D1408222163C6B8575BD788262A">
|
||
<mods:title id="7584344693278D073A82E3669C729D74">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="99751EA972AE7FC52381E5E7A070118F">
|
||
<mods:date id="16453287A35E7B223B41171A61EF0A49">2009</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="6390FCC87BEE889E47042BD8F72E8BFA" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="7056F78D1F45F9E981AA967C9EB98400">2075</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="F86EE198EEED669B9CF84381DB6B5657" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="9C0A11DC72A2B68D7E7D414AE259DC7F">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="9843ECD246E0FC5D5BA6F0E8D2401E59">32</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="32CAF38929C21FB7FFCA93CBC54CCDC1">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="462A3E752A9BDB63D630C8BA4F571601" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.187219</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="DF51987E56105F4CC96CD07763F5A061" type="GBIF-Dataset">9408e928-c675-4a30-95a4-4589dd3316ed</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="8837D8DCF59DFAE9288440E9F0E8C773" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="AEDB8CA79ED390BA89BE23C2B2DED2EC" type="Zenodo-Dep">187219</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03C987B2B7333727FF7B97CCFCCF2B44" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6213172" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119614755" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6213172" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C987B2B7333727FF7B97CCFCCF2B44" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C987B2B7333727FF7B97CCFCCF2B44" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A652FB7333726FF7B97CCFD382F1D" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36A4B7333726FF7B97CCFE1D2F30" blockId="8.[151,725,1261,1322]" box="[151,496,1261,1287]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<heading id="D09781C8B7333726FF7B97CCFE1D2F30" bold="true" box="[151,496,1261,1287]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D27B7333726FF7B97CCFE1D2F30" authority="Latreille, 1796" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1796" box="[151,496,1261,1287]" class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB6B7333726FF7B97CCFE1D2F30" bold="true" box="[151,496,1261,1287]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB6B7333726FF7B97CCFED82F30" bold="true" box="[151,309,1261,1287]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Gasteruption</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B55B7333726FED097CCFE1D2F30" author="Latreille" box="[316,496,1261,1287]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" refString="Latreille, P. A. (1796) Precis des caracteres generiques des insectes, disposes dans um ordre naturel. Bordoux, 201 pp." type="book" year="1796">Latreille, 1796</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36A4B7333726FF7B9631FD382F1D" blockId="8.[151,725,1261,1322]" box="[151,725,1296,1322]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135B2A21B7333726FF739631FF1E2F1D" box="[159,243,1296,1322]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. a – c" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1571,1595]" captionTargetBox="[180,1417,826,1519]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[165,1439,798,1563]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. a – c: Gasteruption bispinosum, delimitation of the measurements and some characters of cladistic analysis. a: lateral view; b: head in dorsal view; c: propleuron in ventral view; d: Gasteruption nasutum, left hind tarsus. Measurements: Head: i: head length; ii: eye length; iii: malar space height; iv: distance between posterior ocellus and occipital margin (dorsal view); v: distance between posterior ocelli (dorsal view); vi: scape length; vii: pedicel length; viii: first flagellomere length; ix: second flagellomere length; Mesosoma: x: propleuron length; xi: propleuron width (ventral view); xii: mesosoma length (excluding propleuron); xiii: mesosoma height (distance between metasoma insertion and base of middle coxa); xiv: pronotum length (distance between anterior margin of pronotum and tegula); xv: distance between anterior margin of pronotum and metasoma insertion; xvi: hind coxa length; xvii: hind coxa width; xviii: hind femur length; xix: hind tibia length; xx: hind tibia width; xxi: hind first tarsomere length; Metasoma: xxii: metasoma length; xxiii: ovipositor sheath length; xxiv: body length (measurements i + x + xv + xxii). The following ratios were used in the species descriptions: xxiv / xxiii, i / ii, ii / iii, iv / v, viii / vi, viii / vii, viii / ix, xii / xiii, x / xi, x / xiv; xvi / xvii, xix / xx, xix / xviii, xix / xxi, xxii / xii, and xxiii / xxii. Arabic numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187221/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135B2A21B7333726FF139631FEBB2F1D" box="[255,342,1296,1322]" captionStart="FIGURE 6. a – g" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[161,1424,430,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,414,1860]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. a – g: Head in anterior view. a: Aulacus sp. A; b: Pseudofoenus infumatus; c: Gasteruption bispinosum; d: G. nasutum (without scale); e: Plutofoenus edwardsi; f: Spinolafoenus ruficornis; g: Trilobitofoenus plaumanni; h – i: Left mandible in frontal view (without scale). h: G. bispinosum; i: Plutofoenus edwardsi. Scale bar: 1.0 mm. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187224/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">6c–d, 6</figureCitation>
|
||
h, 7b–d, 8a, 9a, 13a–b, 14a, 14d)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A652FB7333726FF7B9675FE922FBC" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36A4B7333726FF7B9675FE922FBC" blockId="8.[151,1436,1364,1419]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB70118AB7333726FF7B9675FE922FBC" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D27B7333726FF7B9675FE162F5C" authority="Latreille, 1796: 113" authorityName="Latreille" authorityPageNumber="113" authorityYear="1796" box="[151,507,1364,1387]" class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB6B7333726FF7B9675FEC92F5C" box="[151,292,1364,1387]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Gasteruption</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC110B5B7333726FEC69675FE162F5C" author="Latreille" box="[298,507,1364,1387]" page="113" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1796">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B55B7333726FEC69675FE262F5C" author="Latreille" box="[298,459,1364,1387]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" refString="Latreille, P. A. (1796) Precis des caracteres generiques des insectes, disposes dans um ordre naturel. Bordoux, 201 pp." type="book" year="1796">Latreille, 1796</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 113
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–114 (description). See
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B55B7333726FD179675FC412F5C" author="Crosskey" box="[763,940,1364,1387]" pageId="8" pageNumber="28" refString="Crosskey, R. W. (1962) The classification of the Gasteruptiidae (Hymenoptera). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 114, 377 - 402." type="journal article" year="1962">Crosskey (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B55B7333726FC0C9675FB6C2F5C" author="Carlson" box="[992,1153,1364,1387]" pageId="8" pageNumber="28" refString="Carlson, R. W. (1979) Superfamily Evanioidea, pp. 1109 - 1118. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd Jr., P. D., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (Eds.) Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution, D. C., 1198 pp." type="book chapter" year="1979">Carlson (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for taxonomic history and list of synonyms.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A652FB7333726FF7B969BFF012FCC" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36A4B7333726FF7B969BFF012FCC" blockId="8.[151,1437,1466,2034]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB6B7333726FF7B969BFEAF2FE3" bold="true" box="[151,322,1466,1492]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB8806B7333726FF7B969BFF3A2FE3" box="[151,215,1466,1492]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D27B7333726FEA7969AFCCA2FE3" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[331,807,1466,1492]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Ichneumon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assectator">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB6B7333726FEA7969AFDB62FE3" box="[331,603,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ichneumon assectator</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B55B7333726FD88969BFCCA2FE3" author="Linnaeus" box="[612,807,1466,1492]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. L. Salvii, Holmiae [= Stockholm], 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Designated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B55B7333726FC03969BFB402FE3" author="Viereck" box="[1007,1197,1466,1492]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" refString="Viereck, H. L. (1914) Type species of the genera of Ichneumon flies. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 83, 1 - 186." type="journal article" year="1914">Viereck (1914)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, according
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B55B7333726FAD0969BFF042FCC" author="Carlson" pageId="8" pageNumber="28" refString="Carlson, R. W. (1979) Superfamily Evanioidea, pp. 1109 - 1118. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd Jr., P. D., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (Eds.) Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution, D. C., 1198 pp." type="book chapter" year="1979">Carlson (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A652FB7333727FF299526FC7C2B7B" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36A4B7333726FF299526FBC22C15" blockId="8.[151,1437,1466,2034]" box="[197,1071,1543,1570]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB6B7333726FF299526FEB02C16" bold="true" box="[197,349,1543,1569]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Body length between 8.0–20.0 mm (exclusive of ovipositor).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36A4B7333726FF29950FFD402C8B" blockId="8.[151,1437,1466,2034]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB6B7333726FF29950FFEFD2C7F" bold="true" box="[197,272,1582,1608]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Head.</emphasis>
|
||
Subtrapezoidal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135B2A21B7333726FE0C950FFDD42C7F" box="[480,569,1582,1608]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. a – c" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1571,1595]" captionTargetBox="[180,1417,826,1519]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[165,1439,798,1563]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. a – c: Gasteruption bispinosum, delimitation of the measurements and some characters of cladistic analysis. a: lateral view; b: head in dorsal view; c: propleuron in ventral view; d: Gasteruption nasutum, left hind tarsus. Measurements: Head: i: head length; ii: eye length; iii: malar space height; iv: distance between posterior ocellus and occipital margin (dorsal view); v: distance between posterior ocelli (dorsal view); vi: scape length; vii: pedicel length; viii: first flagellomere length; ix: second flagellomere length; Mesosoma: x: propleuron length; xi: propleuron width (ventral view); xii: mesosoma length (excluding propleuron); xiii: mesosoma height (distance between metasoma insertion and base of middle coxa); xiv: pronotum length (distance between anterior margin of pronotum and tegula); xv: distance between anterior margin of pronotum and metasoma insertion; xvi: hind coxa length; xvii: hind coxa width; xviii: hind femur length; xix: hind tibia length; xx: hind tibia width; xxi: hind first tarsomere length; Metasoma: xxii: metasoma length; xxiii: ovipositor sheath length; xxiv: body length (measurements i + x + xv + xxii). The following ratios were used in the species descriptions: xxiv / xxiii, i / ii, ii / iii, iv / v, viii / vi, viii / vii, viii / ix, xii / xiii, x / xi, x / xiv; xvi / xvii, xix / xx, xix / xviii, xix / xxi, xxii / xii, and xxiii / xxii. Arabic numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187221/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2b</figureCitation>
|
||
) or subrectangular in dorsal view; from wider than long to longer than wide; mandible in frontal view with apex acute (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135B2A21B7333726FD3B9574FCF22C58" box="[727,799,1621,1647]" captionStart="FIGURE 6. a – g" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[161,1424,430,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,414,1860]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. a – g: Head in anterior view. a: Aulacus sp. A; b: Pseudofoenus infumatus; c: Gasteruption bispinosum; d: G. nasutum (without scale); e: Plutofoenus edwardsi; f: Spinolafoenus ruficornis; g: Trilobitofoenus plaumanni; h – i: Left mandible in frontal view (without scale). h: G. bispinosum; i: Plutofoenus edwardsi. Scale bar: 1.0 mm. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187224/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
h); malar space short to medium, almost disconnected or fused to gena; clypeus without a ridge at anterior margin; clypeus and face without longitudinal striae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135B2A21B7333726FA8D955DFF5B2C8B" captionStart="FIGURE 6. a – g" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[161,1424,430,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,414,1860]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. a – g: Head in anterior view. a: Aulacus sp. A; b: Pseudofoenus infumatus; c: Gasteruption bispinosum; d: G. nasutum (without scale); e: Plutofoenus edwardsi; f: Spinolafoenus ruficornis; g: Trilobitofoenus plaumanni; h – i: Left mandible in frontal view (without scale). h: G. bispinosum; i: Plutofoenus edwardsi. Scale bar: 1.0 mm. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187224/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 6c</figureCitation>
|
||
); occipital margin simple, rarely crenulate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36A4B7333727FF2995E8FD9C2AEF" blockId="8.[151,1437,1466,2034]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,152,371]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB6B7333726FF2995E8FEA02CD4" bold="true" box="[197,333,1737,1763]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Mesosoma.</emphasis>
|
||
Pronotum with three well-defined lobes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135B2A21B7333726FCD595E8FC7A2CD4" box="[825,919,1737,1763]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="24.[151,257,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[178,1412,189,1773]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,161,1853]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 13. Mesosoma in lateral view. a: Gasteruption bispinosum; b: G. guildingi; c: Plutofoenus chaeturus; d: P. edwardsi, e: P. paraguayensis; f: Spinolafoenus ruficornis; g: Trilobitofoenus alvarengai; h: T. plaumanni; i: T. sericeus. Scale bar: 1.0 mm. Lobes of pronotum: vl: ventral lobe; dl: dorsal lobe; ll: lateral lobe. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187231/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
a-b); pronotal process present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135B2A21B7333726FAEA95E8FA892CD4" box="[1286,1380,1737,1763]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="24.[151,257,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[178,1412,189,1773]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,161,1853]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 13. Mesosoma in lateral view. a: Gasteruption bispinosum; b: G. guildingi; c: Plutofoenus chaeturus; d: P. edwardsi, e: P. paraguayensis; f: Spinolafoenus ruficornis; g: Trilobitofoenus alvarengai; h: T. plaumanni; i: T. sericeus. Scale bar: 1.0 mm. Lobes of pronotum: vl: ventral lobe; dl: dorsal lobe; ll: lateral lobe. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187231/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
a-b), sometimes very short; propleuron simple anteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135B2A21B7333726FCFD95D1FCB42D3D" box="[785,857,1776,1802]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="18.[151,258,1616,1640]" captionTargetBox="[255,1387,899,1561]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,881,1610]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Propleuron in ventral view. a: Gasteruption bispinosum; b: Trilobitofoenus plaumanni. Without scale. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187226/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
a); mesonotum rounded (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135B2A21B7333726FB6B95D1FB0A2D3D" box="[1159,1255,1776,1802]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="24.[151,257,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[178,1412,189,1773]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,161,1853]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 13. Mesosoma in lateral view. a: Gasteruption bispinosum; b: G. guildingi; c: Plutofoenus chaeturus; d: P. edwardsi, e: P. paraguayensis; f: Spinolafoenus ruficornis; g: Trilobitofoenus alvarengai; h: T. plaumanni; i: T. sericeus. Scale bar: 1.0 mm. Lobes of pronotum: vl: ventral lobe; dl: dorsal lobe; ll: lateral lobe. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187231/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
a-b) or slightly truncate in lateral view; mesoscutum uniformly sculptured, usually longer than wide, and forming two different planes separated by depressed notauli, parapsides distinct; mesepimeron entirely concave (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135B2A21B7333726FACA941CFA692D60" box="[1318,1412,1853,1879]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="24.[151,257,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[178,1412,189,1773]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,161,1853]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 13. Mesosoma in lateral view. a: Gasteruption bispinosum; b: G. guildingi; c: Plutofoenus chaeturus; d: P. edwardsi, e: P. paraguayensis; f: Spinolafoenus ruficornis; g: Trilobitofoenus alvarengai; h: T. plaumanni; i: T. sericeus. Scale bar: 1.0 mm. Lobes of pronotum: vl: ventral lobe; dl: dorsal lobe; ll: lateral lobe. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187231/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
ab); fore and middle tibiae usually with a white stripe from base to apex; hind tibia usually white basally; metacoxa striate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135B2A21B7333726FE8594ABFE2D2D93" box="[361,448,1930,1956]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="25.[151,258,1435,1459]" captionTargetBox="[287,1310,438,1409]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[252,1334,429,1515]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 14. Propodeum and metacoxa in dorsal view. a: Gasteruption bispinosum; b – c: Plutofoenus edwardsi; d: Gasteruption sp. I; e: Spinolafoenus ruficornis; f: Trilobitofoenus plaumanni. Scale bar: 1.0 mm. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187232/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
a), rugulose or smooth at posterior portion; median propodeal carina flattened (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135B2A21B7333726FA8094ABFF5A2DFC" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="25.[151,258,1435,1459]" captionTargetBox="[287,1310,438,1409]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[252,1334,429,1515]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 14. Propodeum and metacoxa in dorsal view. a: Gasteruption bispinosum; b – c: Plutofoenus edwardsi; d: Gasteruption sp. I; e: Spinolafoenus ruficornis; f: Trilobitofoenus plaumanni. Scale bar: 1.0 mm. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187232/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
d) or absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135B2A21B7333726FE8B9490FE252DFC" box="[359,456,1969,1995]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="25.[151,258,1435,1459]" captionTargetBox="[287,1310,438,1409]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[252,1334,429,1515]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 14. Propodeum and metacoxa in dorsal view. a: Gasteruption bispinosum; b – c: Plutofoenus edwardsi; d: Gasteruption sp. I; e: Spinolafoenus ruficornis; f: Trilobitofoenus plaumanni. Scale bar: 1.0 mm. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187232/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
a); fore wing jugal lobe absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135B2A21B7333726FC809490FC222DFC" box="[876,975,1969,1995]" captionStart="FIGURE 7. a – b" captionStartId="17.[151,255,1753,1777]" captionTargetBox="[162,1423,182,1727]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,164,1867]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. a – b: Left fore wing (scale bar: 1.0 mm). a: Pseudofoenus infumatus; b: Gasteruption bispinosum; c – h: Left fore wing discal cell (without scale); c: G. bispinosum; d: G. p a r v u m; e: Plutofoenus edwardsi; f: Spinolafoenus ruficornis; g: Trilobitofoenus plaumanni; h: T. alvarengai. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187225/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 7b</figureCitation>
|
||
), rarely present; discal cell present (subtrapezoidal, subtriangular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135B2A21B7333726FDE994F9FDA62DC5" box="[517,587,2008,2034]" captionStart="FIGURE 7. a – b" captionStartId="17.[151,255,1753,1777]" captionTargetBox="[162,1423,182,1727]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,164,1867]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. a – b: Left fore wing (scale bar: 1.0 mm). a: Pseudofoenus infumatus; b: Gasteruption bispinosum; c – h: Left fore wing discal cell (without scale); c: G. bispinosum; d: G. p a r v u m; e: Plutofoenus edwardsi; f: Spinolafoenus ruficornis; g: Trilobitofoenus plaumanni; h: T. alvarengai. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187225/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
c) or petiolate) or absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135B2A21B7333726FC9694F9FC2D2DC5" box="[890,960,2008,2034]" captionStart="FIGURE 7. a – b" captionStartId="17.[151,255,1753,1777]" captionTargetBox="[162,1423,182,1727]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,164,1867]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. a – b: Left fore wing (scale bar: 1.0 mm). a: Pseudofoenus infumatus; b: Gasteruption bispinosum; c – h: Left fore wing discal cell (without scale); c: G. bispinosum; d: G. p a r v u m; e: Plutofoenus edwardsi; f: Spinolafoenus ruficornis; g: Trilobitofoenus plaumanni; h: T. alvarengai. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187225/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
d), vein r–m absent; vein 2–M tubular in first 1/3 and nebulous (rarely spectral) in remaining portion (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135B2A21B7323727FC8C93B9FC5A2A85" box="[864,951,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 7. a – b" captionStartId="17.[151,255,1753,1777]" captionTargetBox="[162,1423,182,1727]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,164,1867]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. a – b: Left fore wing (scale bar: 1.0 mm). a: Pseudofoenus infumatus; b: Gasteruption bispinosum; c – h: Left fore wing discal cell (without scale); c: G. bispinosum; d: G. p a r v u m; e: Plutofoenus edwardsi; f: Spinolafoenus ruficornis; g: Trilobitofoenus plaumanni; h: T. alvarengai. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187225/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 7b</figureCitation>
|
||
); hind wing with 3–4 hamuli, usually not equidistant (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135B2A21B7323727FECB939FFE902AEF" box="[295,381,190,216]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. a – c" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1571,1595]" captionTargetBox="[180,1417,826,1519]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[165,1439,798,1563]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. a – c: Gasteruption bispinosum, delimitation of the measurements and some characters of cladistic analysis. a: lateral view; b: head in dorsal view; c: propleuron in ventral view; d: Gasteruption nasutum, left hind tarsus. Measurements: Head: i: head length; ii: eye length; iii: malar space height; iv: distance between posterior ocellus and occipital margin (dorsal view); v: distance between posterior ocelli (dorsal view); vi: scape length; vii: pedicel length; viii: first flagellomere length; ix: second flagellomere length; Mesosoma: x: propleuron length; xi: propleuron width (ventral view); xii: mesosoma length (excluding propleuron); xiii: mesosoma height (distance between metasoma insertion and base of middle coxa); xiv: pronotum length (distance between anterior margin of pronotum and tegula); xv: distance between anterior margin of pronotum and metasoma insertion; xvi: hind coxa length; xvii: hind coxa width; xviii: hind femur length; xix: hind tibia length; xx: hind tibia width; xxi: hind first tarsomere length; Metasoma: xxii: metasoma length; xxiii: ovipositor sheath length; xxiv: body length (measurements i + x + xv + xxii). The following ratios were used in the species descriptions: xxiv / xxiii, i / ii, ii / iii, iv / v, viii / vi, viii / vii, viii / ix, xii / xiii, x / xi, x / xiv; xvi / xvii, xix / xx, xix / xviii, xix / xxi, xxii / xii, and xxiii / xxii. Arabic numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187221/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 2a</figureCitation>
|
||
), rarely more than 4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36A4B7323727FF2993C4FC7C2B7B" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,371]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB6B7323727FF2993C4FEA22AC8" bold="true" box="[197,335,229,255]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Metasoma.</emphasis>
|
||
First metasomal tergum with edges almost touching each other, concealing most of first sternum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135B2A21B7323727FEE9922DFEA62B11" box="[261,331,268,294]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,256,1040,1064]" captionTargetBox="[505,1051,191,988]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[476,1112,180,1034]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. First metasomal segment in ventral view. a: Gasteruption bispinosum; b: Plutofoenus edwardsi. S 2: first metasomal sternum; T 2: first metasomal tergum. Without scale. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187227/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
a); female subgenital sternum with a slitlike Y-shaped or an open V-shaped notch (as
|
||
<figureCitation id="135B2A21B7323727FACB922DFA682B11" box="[1319,1413,268,294]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,255,853,877]" captionTargetBox="[229,1372,465,784]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,419,846]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Subgenital sternum in ventral view. a: notched, Y-shaped; b: notched, V-shaped; c: simple. Without scale. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187228/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
ab); ovipositor from shorter than T2+T3 to longer than metasoma.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A652FB7323727FF299279FCCF2B44" box="[197,802,344,371]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36A4B7323727FF299279FCCF2B44" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,371]" box="[197,802,344,371]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB6B7323727FF299279FE152B45" bold="true" box="[197,504,344,370]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Distribution and Biology</emphasis>
|
||
. Same as Gasteruptiinae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |