299 lines
31 KiB
XML
299 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3789204" ID-GBIF-Dataset="aa97d560-1969-4b79-93bb-2614b7835c0e" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163750216" ID-ISSN="1313–2970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3789204" approvalRequired="5103" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="74" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="5027" approvalRequired_for_treatments="2" checkinTime="1587982132140" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pohl, Greg, Anweiler, Gary, Schmidt, Christian & Kondla, Norbert" docDate="2010" docId="03B2F2569FD9A4D1E6A7FA17FB95ACBF" docLanguage="en" docName="ZK_article_2163.pdf" docOrigin="ZooKeys 38 (38)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@2c1f1b55" docStyleName="zookeys.2008.journal_article" docTitle="Scoliopterygini Herrich-Schaffer 1852" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageId="247" lastPageNumber="248" masterDocId="FF8B8A2E9F2CA426E62BFFD7FFC6AF1B" masterDocTitle="An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada" masterLastPageNumber="549" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="245" pageNumber="246" updateTime="1643558428782" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pohl, Greg</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Northern Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, Edmonton ,, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Anweiler, Gary</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>University of Alberta Strickland Entomology Museum ,, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Schmidt, Christian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kondla, Norbert</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Calgary ,, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2010-03-05</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>38</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>38</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>549</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.38.383</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">aa97d560-1969-4b79-93bb-2614b7835c0e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1313–2970</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576629</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3789204" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163750216" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3789204" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B2F2569FD9A4D1E6A7FA17FB95ACBF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B2F2569FD9A4D1E6A7FA17FB95ACBF" lastPageId="247" lastPageNumber="248" pageId="245" pageNumber="246">
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<subSubSection pageId="245" pageNumber="246" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="245.[140,1097,1472,1600]" box="[140,290,1472,1494]" pageId="245" pageNumber="246">
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<heading bold="true" box="[140,290,1472,1494]" fontSize="9" level="1" pageId="245" pageNumber="246" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Herrich-Schaffer" authorityYear="1852" box="[140,290,1472,1494]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="245" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Scoliopterygini">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,290,1472,1494]" pageId="245" pageNumber="246">Scoliopterygini</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="245.[140,1097,1472,1600]" pageId="245" pageNumber="246">
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1680 * R H
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<taxonomicName authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[291,633,1508,1530]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Scoliopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="245" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="libatrix">
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<emphasis box="[291,468,1508,1529]" italics="true" pageId="245" pageNumber="246">Scoliopteryx libatrix</emphasis>
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(Linnaeus, 1758)
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</taxonomicName>
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L May – Jun; L M B G Herald Aug – E Sep (H)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="247" lastPageNumber="248" pageId="245" pageNumber="246" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="245.[140,1097,1472,1600]" box="[321,478,1578,1600]" pageId="245" pageNumber="246">
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T:
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<bibRefCitation author="Forbes WTM" box="[347,478,1578,1600]" pageId="245" pageNumber="246" pagination="1 - 433" refId="ref245268" refString="Forbes WTM (1954) Th e Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states, Part III. Noctuidae. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Memoirs 329: 1 - 433." type="journal article" year="1954">Forbes (1954)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="246.[321,811,170,262]" box="[321,811,170,192]" pageId="246" pageNumber="247">
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L:
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<bibRefCitation author="Bowman K" box="[347,501,170,192]" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" pagination="121 - 165" refId="ref237866" refString="Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165." type="journal article" year="1951">Bowman (1951)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Crumb SE" box="[511,650,170,192]" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" pagination="1 - 356" refId="ref240463" refString="Crumb SE (1956) Th e larvae of the Phalaenidae. United States Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin 1135: 1 - 356." type="journal article" year="1956">Crumb (1956)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Prentice RM" box="[660,806,170,192]" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" pagination="77 - 281" refId="ref263335" refString="Prentice RM (1962) Forest Lepidoptera of Canada reported by the Forest Insect Survey, Vol. 2: Nycteolidae, Notodontidae, Noctuidae, Liparidae. Canada Dept. of Forestry, Forest Entomology and Pathology Branch, Publication No. 1013, pp. 77 - 281." type="book chapter" year="1962">Prentice (1962)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="246.[321,811,170,262]" box="[344,794,205,228]" pageId="246" pageNumber="247">
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<bibRefCitation author="Ives WGH & Wong HR" box="[344,551,205,228]" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" refId="ref250568" refString="Ives WGH, Wong HR (1988) Tree and shrub insects of the Prairie provinces. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB, Information Report NOR-X- 292, 327 pp." type="book" year="1988">Ives and Wong (1988)</bibRefCitation>
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C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS,
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="246.[321,811,170,262]" box="[344,486,241,262]" pageId="246" pageNumber="247">PMAE, UASM</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="246.[140,1108,309,651]" box="[140,358,309,333]" pageId="246" pageNumber="247">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,358,309,333]" italics="true" pageId="246" pageNumber="247">
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60.8.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1954" box="[201,358,309,333]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hypenodinae">Hypenodinae</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="246.[140,1108,309,651]" pageId="246" pageNumber="247">
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Very small (
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<quantity box="[277,407,343,369]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" unit="mm" value="12.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="10.0">10–14 mm</quantity>
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wingspan) moths with relatively narrow wings, clothed with very fine scales. Th e subfamily is defined by several larval characters and by the evenly scaled frons (
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<bibRefCitation author="Fibiger M & Lafontaine JD" box="[290,627,413,440]" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" pagination="7 - 690" refId="ref244973" refString="Fibiger M, Lafontaine JD (2005) A review of the higher classification of the Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) with special reference to the holarctic fauna. Esperiana 11: 7 - 690." type="journal article" year="2005">Fibiger and Lafontaine 2005</bibRefCitation>
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). Interestingly, the recently described
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<taxonomicName authority="Fibiger, 2005" authorityName="Fibiger" authorityYear="2005" class="Insecta" family="Micronoctuidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Micronoctuidae Fibiger, 2005</taxonomicName>
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(primarily a palaeotropical group not known from the New World), appears to be very closely related to the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1954" box="[712,868,483,509]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hypenodinae">Hypenodinae</taxonomicName>
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, based on molecular data (Zahiri et al. in press). Th e
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1954" box="[512,665,519,545]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hypenodinae">Hypenodinae</taxonomicName>
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contains the smallest North American noctuids. Th e larvae feed on fungi, lichens and/or algae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="246.[140,1108,309,651]" pageId="246" pageNumber="247">
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This is a small subfamily, currently with only five North American genera. Two species in the genus
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<taxonomicName box="[363,477,624,650]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Hypenodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[363,477,624,650]" italics="true" pageId="246" pageNumber="247">Hypenodes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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occur in AB.
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<taxonomicName box="[630,744,624,650]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Hypenodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[630,744,624,650]" italics="true" pageId="246" pageNumber="247">Hypenodes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was revised by
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<bibRefCitation author="Ferguson DC" box="[913,1104,624,651]" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" pagination="289 - 298" refId="ref243598" refString="Ferguson DC (1954) A revision of the genus Hypenodes Doubleday with descriptions of new species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Th e Canadian Entomologist 86: 289 - 298." type="journal article" year="1954">Ferguson (1954)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="246.[140,1094,698,931]" pageId="246" pageNumber="247">
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1681 * R
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<taxonomicName authority="(Smith, 1908) L Jun" authorityName="L Jun" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[291,870,698,720]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Hypenodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fractilinea">
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<emphasis box="[291,480,698,719]" italics="true" pageId="246" pageNumber="247">Hypenodes fractilinea</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Smith JB" box="[492,610,698,720]" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" pagination="209 - 275" refId="ref267119" refString="Smith JB (1908) A revision of some species of Noctuidae heretofore referred to the genus Homoptera Boidsduval. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 35 (1645): 209 - 275." type="journal article" year="1908">Smith, 1908</bibRefCitation>
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) L Jun
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</taxonomicName>
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– E Aug – B g T:
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<bibRefCitation author="Ferguson DC" box="[347,501,733,755]" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" pagination="289 - 298" refId="ref243598" refString="Ferguson DC (1954) A revision of the genus Hypenodes Doubleday with descriptions of new species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Th e Canadian Entomologist 86: 289 - 298." type="journal article" year="1954">Ferguson (1954)</bibRefCitation>
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L: [
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<bibRefCitation author="Bowman K" box="[352,510,768,791]" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" pagination="121 - 165" refId="ref237866" refString="Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165." type="journal article" year="1951">Bowman (1951)</bibRefCitation>
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],
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<bibRefCitation author="Pohl GR & Langor DW & Landry J-F & Spence JR" box="[526,700,769,791]" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" pagination="530 - 549" refId="ref261848" refString="Pohl GR, Langor DW, Landry J-F, Spence JR (2004 b) Lepidoptera of the Boreal Mixedwood Forest near Lac La Biche, Alberta, including new provincial records. Canadian Field-Naturalist 118: 530 - 549." type="journal article" year="2004">Pohl et al. (2004b)</bibRefCitation>
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C: CNC, NFRC, UASM
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="246.[140,1094,698,931]" pageId="246" pageNumber="247">
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1682 * R
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<taxonomicName authority="Ferguson, 1954 L Jul" authorityName="Ferguson. At" authorityYear="1954" box="[291,864,839,861]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Hypenodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sombrus">
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<emphasis box="[291,461,839,860]" italics="true" pageId="246" pageNumber="247">Hypenodes sombrus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Ferguson DC" box="[468,612,839,861]" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" pagination="289 - 298" refId="ref243598" refString="Ferguson DC (1954) A revision of the genus Hypenodes Doubleday with descriptions of new species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Th e Canadian Entomologist 86: 289 - 298." type="journal article" year="1954">Ferguson, 1954</bibRefCitation>
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L Jul
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</taxonomicName>
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m B – T:
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<bibRefCitation author="Ferguson DC" box="[347,501,874,896]" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" pagination="289 - 298" refId="ref243598" refString="Ferguson DC (1954) A revision of the genus Hypenodes Doubleday with descriptions of new species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Th e Canadian Entomologist 86: 289 - 298." type="journal article" year="1954">Ferguson (1954)</bibRefCitation>
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L: None C: UASM
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="246.[140,1108,978,1320]" box="[140,350,978,1002]" pageId="246" pageNumber="247">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,350,978,1002]" italics="true" pageId="246" pageNumber="247">
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60.9.
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<taxonomicName box="[201,350,978,1002]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Boletobiinae">Boletobiinae</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="246.[140,1108,978,1320]" pageId="246" pageNumber="247">
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Small (
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<quantity box="[219,347,1011,1038]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" unit="mm" value="23.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="22.0">22–25 mm</quantity>
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wingspan), broad-winged nocturnal moths, superficially very similar to some geometrids. They are defined by a number of adult and larval characters, including the long, thin, roughly scaled palps and the fully scaled frons of the adults. Th e larvae feed on mushrooms and bracket fungi.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="246.[140,1108,978,1320]" pageId="246" pageNumber="247">
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The
|
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<taxonomicName box="[235,378,1152,1178]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Boletobiinae">Boletobiinae</taxonomicName>
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occur in both North America and Eurasia, with about 18 species in four genera in North America, including one introduced European genus (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Parascotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="246" pageNumber="247">Parascotia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), and one that is likely misplaced in the
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<taxonomicName box="[643,786,1223,1249]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Boletobiinae">Boletobiinae</taxonomicName>
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||
(
|
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1883" box="[804,918,1223,1248]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Prosoparia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[804,918,1223,1248]" italics="true" pageId="246" pageNumber="247">Prosoparia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; Lafontaine and Schmidt in press). One species is found in AB. Some North American species, including the sole species occurring in AB, were covered by
|
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<bibRefCitation author="Franclemont JG" box="[743,976,1293,1320]" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" pagination="826 - 833" refId="ref245745" refString="Franclemont JG (1985) A new species of Parascotia with notes on the genera Mycterophora and Parascotia (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: incertae sedis). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 87: 826 - 833." type="journal article" year="1985">Franclemont (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="246.[140,1094,1366,1459]" pageId="246" pageNumber="247">
|
||
1683 R
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<taxonomicName authority="(Walker, [1863]) E Jul" authorityName="E Jul" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[291,865,1366,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Mycterophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inexplicata">
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||
<emphasis box="[291,514,1367,1388]" italics="true" pageId="246" pageNumber="247">Mycterophora inexplicata</emphasis>
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||
(Walker, [1863]) E Jul
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</taxonomicName>
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– L Jul – B g T:
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<bibRefCitation author="Forbes WTM" box="[347,480,1402,1424]" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" pagination="1 - 433" refId="ref245268" refString="Forbes WTM (1954) Th e Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states, Part III. Noctuidae. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Memoirs 329: 1 - 433." type="journal article" year="1954">Forbes (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Franclemont JG" box="[489,677,1402,1424]" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" pagination="826 - 833" refId="ref245745" refString="Franclemont JG (1985) A new species of Parascotia with notes on the genera Mycterophora and Parascotia (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: incertae sedis). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 87: 826 - 833." type="journal article" year="1985">Franclemont (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="246.[140,1094,1366,1459]" box="[321,739,1437,1459]" pageId="246" pageNumber="247">
|
||
L:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bowman K" box="[347,499,1437,1459]" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" pagination="121 - 165" refId="ref237866" refString="Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165." type="journal article" year="1951">Bowman (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
C: CNC, NFRC, UASM
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="246.[140,1108,1506,1672]" box="[140,388,1506,1530]" pageId="246" pageNumber="247">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,388,1506,1530]" italics="true" pageId="246" pageNumber="247">
|
||
60.10.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1913" box="[215,388,1506,1530]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phytometrinae">Phytometrinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="246.[140,1108,1506,1672]" pageId="246" pageNumber="247">
|
||
A small group of small to medium-sized (
|
||
<quantity box="[609,738,1540,1566]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" unit="mm" value="25.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="20.0">20–30 mm</quantity>
|
||
wingspan) moths with relatively broad wings. Th e group is defined by a number of derived character states, mainly genitalic. The
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1913" box="[301,468,1610,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phytometrinae">Phytometrinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
have traditionally been included within the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Herrich-Schaffer" authorityYear="1851" box="[976,1103,1610,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hypeninae">Hypeninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the subfamily was reinstated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fibiger M & Lafontaine JD" box="[546,893,1645,1672]" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" pagination="7 - 690" refId="ref244973" refString="Fibiger M, Lafontaine JD (2005) A review of the higher classification of the Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) with special reference to the holarctic fauna. Esperiana 11: 7 - 690." type="journal article" year="2005">Fibiger and Lafontaine (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="247.[140,1107,166,264]" pageId="247" pageNumber="248">
|
||
In North America, the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1913" box="[565,732,167,193]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="247" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phytometrinae">Phytometrinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
contains some 25 species in nine genera. The group is in need of revision. Th e lone AB species was treated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Forbes WTM" pageId="247" pageNumber="248" pagination="1 - 433" refId="ref245268" refString="Forbes WTM (1954) Th e Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states, Part III. Noctuidae. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Memoirs 329: 1 - 433." type="journal article" year="1954">Forbes (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Covell CV Jr" box="[274,436,237,263]" pageId="247" pageNumber="248" refId="ref240257" refString="Covell CV Jr (1984) A field guide to moths of eastern North America. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, MA, Peterson Field Guide Series No. 30, 496 pp." type="book" year="1984">Covell (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="247.[140,1094,311,403]" pageId="247" pageNumber="248">
|
||
1684 R
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Grote, 1873 M Jun" authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1873" box="[291,879,311,333]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Spargaloma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="247" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexpunctata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[291,503,311,333]" italics="true" pageId="247" pageNumber="248">Spargaloma sexpunctata</emphasis>
|
||
Grote, 1873 M Jun
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– M Jul – B g T:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Forbes WTM" box="[347,480,346,368]" pageId="247" pageNumber="248" pagination="1 - 433" refId="ref245268" refString="Forbes WTM (1954) Th e Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states, Part III. Noctuidae. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Memoirs 329: 1 - 433." type="journal article" year="1954">Forbes (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Covell CV Jr" box="[489,619,346,368]" pageId="247" pageNumber="248" refId="ref240257" refString="Covell CV Jr (1984) A field guide to moths of eastern North America. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, MA, Peterson Field Guide Series No. 30, 496 pp." type="book" year="1984">Covell (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="247.[140,1094,311,403]" box="[321,739,381,403]" pageId="247" pageNumber="248">
|
||
L:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bowman K" box="[347,499,381,403]" pageId="247" pageNumber="248" pagination="121 - 165" refId="ref237866" refString="Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165." type="journal article" year="1951">Bowman (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
C: CNC, NFRC, UASM
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="247.[140,1108,450,932]" box="[140,318,450,474]" pageId="247" pageNumber="248">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,318,450,474]" italics="true" pageId="247" pageNumber="248">
|
||
60.11.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[215,318,450,474]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="247" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Erebinae">Erebinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="247.[140,1108,450,932]" pageId="247" pageNumber="248">
|
||
Medium-sized to very large (
|
||
<quantity box="[462,605,483,510]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="247" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="105.0" valueMax="160.0" valueMin="50.0">50–160 mm</quantity>
|
||
wingspan) moths, often with brightly color- ed hindwings or with eyespots on fore- and hingwings (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenée" authorityYear="1852" box="[783,925,519,546]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="247" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Thermesiini">Thermesiini</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Th e subfamily contains many large colorful species, as well as several species that are active during the day. Larval hostplants are a diverse array of vascular plants, but tend to be specialized within groups, such as deciduous trees and shrubs for the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1828" box="[784,904,624,650]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="247" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Catocalini">Catocalini</taxonomicName>
|
||
; a few (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="McDunnough" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Caenurgina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="247" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="247" pageNumber="248">Caenurgina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.) are occasional pests of forage crops.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="247" pageNumber="248" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="247.[140,1108,450,932]" pageId="247" pageNumber="248">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[185,284,695,721]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="247" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Erebinae">Erebinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
occur worldwide but are most diverse and abundant in tropical and subtropical regions. Th ere are approximately 325 species in 65 genera in North America, of which 35 species are reported from AB. Th e group as a whole is in need of work, but revisions have been published for the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Richards 1939)" baseAuthorityName="Richards" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[692,1009,800,826]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="247" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Melipotini">
|
||
Melipotini (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Richards AG Jr" box="[830,1001,800,826]" pageId="247" pageNumber="248" pagination="1 - 100" refId="ref264004" refString="Richards AG Jr (1939) A revision of the North American species of the Phoberia - Melipotis - Drasteria group of moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Entomologica Americana 19: 1 - 100." type="journal article" year="1939">Richards 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Franclemont 1957)" baseAuthorityName="Franclemont" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[219,543,835,862]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Euclidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="247" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[219,310,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="247" pageNumber="248">Euclidia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Franclemont JG" box="[323,535,835,862]" pageId="247" pageNumber="248" pagination="5 - 15" refId="ref245532" refString="Franclemont JG (1957) The genus Euclidia, with the description of a new species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Catocalinae). Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 52: 5 - 15." type="journal article" year="1957">Franclemont 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Smith 1908)" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[597,807,835,862]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Zale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="247" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[597,645,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="247" pageNumber="248">Zale</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith JB" box="[659,798,835,862]" pageId="247" pageNumber="248" pagination="209 - 275" refId="ref267119" refString="Smith JB (1908) A revision of some species of Noctuidae heretofore referred to the genus Homoptera Boidsduval. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 35 (1645): 209 - 275." type="journal article" year="1908">Smith 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schrank" authorityYear="1802" box="[935,1030,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Catocala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="247" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[935,1030,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="247" pageNumber="248">Catocala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Barnes W & McDunnough JH" box="[279,673,871,897]" pageId="247" pageNumber="248" refId="ref236525" refString="Barnes W, McDunnough JH (1918 a) Illustrations of the North American species of the genus Catocala. Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History, New Series 3, 47 pp." type="book" year="1918">Barnes and McDunnough (1918a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; a modern revision of the genus is currently under way as an upcoming
|
||
<emphasis box="[524,787,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="247" pageNumber="248">Moths of North America</emphasis>
|
||
fascicle by Gall and Hawks.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |