762 lines
146 KiB
XML
762 lines
146 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="D27AD42C0BFB5B8E2245D73BC6808120">A taxonomy of iguanodontians (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) from the lower Wealden Group (Cretaceous: Valanginian) of southern England</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BBE368E4222FFF1FF3CFC83DEBC8533" blockId="8.[151,935,847,1318]" box="[151,509,847,870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Nomenclatural history/synonymy</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B975EA9C4222FFF1FF3CFCA3DE1085D3" box="[151,337,879,902]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Iguanodon fittoni</emphasis>
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: 354
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.
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<emphasis id="B975EA9C4222FFF1FF3CFC43DEFA85F3" box="[151,443,911,934]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Iguanodon hollingtoniensis</emphasis>
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: 355
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.
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<emphasis id="B975EA9C4222FFF1FF3CFC63DE108593" box="[151,337,943,966]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Iguanodon fittoni</emphasis>
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[
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA0109F4222FFF1FEF6FC63DD7B8593" author="Lydekker" box="[349,570,943,966]" page="38" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" year="1890">
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<emphasis id="B975EA9C4222FFF1FF3CFC03DEFA85B3" box="[151,443,975,998]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Iguanodon hollingtoniensis</emphasis>
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[
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA0109F4222FFF1FE63FC03DDE485B3" author="Lydekker" box="[456,677,975,998]" page="40" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" year="1890">
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<emphasis id="B975EA9C4222FFF1FF3CFC23DE108253" box="[151,337,1007,1030]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Iguanodon fittoni</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4222FFF1FDAEFC23DD818253" author="Lydekker" box="[517,704,1007,1030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" refString="Lydekker, R. (1890 b) Catalogue of the fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History). Pt IV. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London." type="book" year="1890" yearSuffix="b">Lydekker, 1890b</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4222FFF1FDC4FBC3DC648273" author="Lydekker" box="[623,805,1039,1062]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" refString="Lydekker, R. (1890 b) Catalogue of the fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History). Pt IV. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London." type="book" year="1890" yearSuffix="b">Lydekker 1890b</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="B975EA9C4222FFF1FF3CFBE3DE108213" box="[151,337,1071,1094]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Iguanodon fittoni</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B975EA9C4222FFF1FDA6FBE3DD638213" box="[525,546,1071,1094]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">in</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA0109F4222FFF1FD83FBE3DD848213" author="Steel" box="[552,709,1071,1094]" page="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" year="1969">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4222FFF1FD83FBE3DDDC8213" author="Steel" box="[552,669,1071,1094]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" refString="Steel, R. (1969) Ornithischia. Handbuch der Palaoherpetologie, 15, 1 - 84." type="journal article" year="1969">Steel 1969</bibRefCitation>
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: 18
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<emphasis id="B975EA9C4222FFF1FF3CFB83DEFA8233" box="[151,443,1103,1126]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Iguanodon hollingtoniensis</emphasis>
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[
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<emphasis id="B975EA9C4222FFF1FDD3FB83DDCC8233" box="[632,653,1103,1126]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">in</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA0109F4222FFF1FD38FB83DC718233" author="Steel" box="[659,816,1103,1126]" page="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" year="1969">
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: 19
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<emphasis id="B975EA9C4222FFF1FF3CFBA3DE1082D3" box="[151,337,1135,1158]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Iguanodon fittoni</emphasis>
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[
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA0109F4222FFF1FD83FBA3DDB082D3" author="Norman" box="[552,753,1135,1158]" page="164" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" year="1987">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4222FFF1FD83FBA3DD8082D3" author="Norman" box="[552,705,1135,1158]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" refString="Norman, D. B. (1987) Wealden dinosaur biostratigraphy. In: Currie, P. J. & Koster, E. H. (Eds.), Fourth Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems, short papers. Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology, Drumheller, pp. 161 - 166." type="book chapter" year="1987">Norman 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:164
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
].
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4222FFF1FF3CFB43DEBC82F3" authority="Lydekker, 1889" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,509,1167,1190]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4222FFF1FF3CFB43DE1082F3" box="[151,337,1167,1190]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Iguanodon fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4222FFF1FEFCFB43DEBC82F3" author="Lydekker" box="[343,509,1167,1190]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" refString="Lydekker, R. (1889) Notes on new and other dinosaur remains. Geological Magazine, VI, 352 - 356." type="book chapter" year="1889">Lydekker, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4222FFF1FDA6FB43DD6382F3" box="[525,546,1167,1190]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">in</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA0109F4222FFF1FD83FB43DCDC82F3" author="Norman" box="[552,925,1167,1190]" page="530" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" year="1990">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4222FFF1FD83FB43DC2582F3" author="Norman" box="[552,868,1167,1190]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" refString="Norman, D. B. & Weishampel, D. B. (1990) Iguanodontidae and related Ornithopoda. In: Weishampel, D. B., Dodson, P. & Osmolska, H. (Eds.), The Dinosauria (first edition). University of California Press, Berkeley, p. 510 - 533." type="book chapter" year="1990">Norman & Weishampel 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 530
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
].
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4222FFF1FF3CFB63DEBC8293" authority="Lydekker, 1889" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,509,1199,1222]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4222FFF1FF3CFB63DE108293" box="[151,337,1199,1222]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Iguanodon fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4222FFF1FEFCFB63DEBC8293" author="Lydekker" box="[343,509,1199,1222]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" refString="Lydekker, R. (1889) Notes on new and other dinosaur remains. Geological Magazine, VI, 352 - 356." type="book chapter" year="1889">Lydekker, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4222FFF1FDA6FB63DD638293" box="[525,546,1199,1222]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">in</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA0109F4222FFF1FD83FB63DD948293" author="Blows" box="[552,725,1199,1222]" page="31" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" year="1998">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4222FFF1FD83FB63DDED8293" author="Blows" box="[552,684,1199,1222]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" refString="Blows, W. T. (1998) A review of Lower and Middle Cretaceous dinosaurs of England. In: Lucas, S. G., Kirkland, J. I. & Estep, J. W. (Eds.), Lower and Middle Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Albuquerque, pp. 29 - 38." type="book chapter" year="1998">Blows 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 31
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
].
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4222FFF1FF3CFB03DEB982B3" authority="Lydekker 1889" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,504,1231,1254]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4222FFF1FF3CFB03DE1082B3" box="[151,337,1231,1254]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Iguanodon fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4222FFF1FEFCFB03DEB982B3" author="Lydekker" box="[343,504,1231,1254]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" refString="Lydekker, R. (1889) Notes on new and other dinosaur remains. Geological Magazine, VI, 352 - 356." type="book chapter" year="1889">Lydekker 1889</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4222FFF1FDACFB03DD5D82B3" box="[519,540,1231,1254]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">in</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA0109F4222FFF1FD88FB03DDB382B3" author="Norman" box="[547,754,1231,1254]" page="416" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" year="2004">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4222FFF1FD88FB03DDFB82B3" author="Norman" box="[547,698,1231,1254]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" refString="Norman, D. B. (2004) Basal Iguanodontia. In: Weishampel, D. B., Dodson, P. & Osmolska, H (Eds.), The Dinosauria (second edition). University of California, Berkeley, pp. 413 - 437." type="book chapter" year="2004">Norman 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 416
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
].
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4222FFF1FF3CFB23DE988353" box="[151,473,1263,1286]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
|
||
“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4222FFF1FF35FB23DE618353" box="[158,288,1263,1286]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Iguanodon</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4222FFF1FE84FB23DE988353" box="[303,473,1263,1286]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hollingtoniensis">hollingtoniensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
[
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA0109F4222FFF1FE4DFB23DDCE8353" author="Paul" box="[486,655,1263,1286]" page="214" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" year="2008">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4222FFF1FE4DFB23DDCE8353" author="Paul" box="[486,655,1263,1286]" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" refString="Paul, G. S. (2008) A revised taxonomy of the iguanodont dinosaur genera and species. Cretaceous Research, 29, 192 - 216." type="journal article" year="2008">Paul 2008: 214</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
].
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E4222FFF1FF3CFAC3DDF28373" blockId="8.[151,935,847,1318]" box="[151,691,1295,1318]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
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||
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<emphasis id="B975EA9C4222FFF1FF3CFAC3DE988373" box="[151,473,1295,1318]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
|
||
“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4222FFF1FF35FAC3DE618373" box="[158,288,1295,1318]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Iguanodon</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4222FFF1FE84FAC3DE988373" box="[303,473,1295,1318]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hollingtoniensis">hollingtoniensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
[
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA0109F4222FFF1FE4DFAC3DDE98373" author="Galton" box="[486,680,1295,1318]" page="245" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" year="2009">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4222FFF1FE4DFAC3DDE98373" author="Galton" box="[486,680,1295,1318]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" refString="Galton, P. M. (2009) Notes on Neocomian (Lower Creteceous) ornithopod dinosaurs from England - Hypsilophodon, Valdosaurus, " Camptosaurus ", " Iguanodon " - and referred specimens from Romania and elsewhere. Revue de Paleobiologie, Geneve, 28, 211 - 273." type="journal article" year="2009">Galton 2009: 245</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
].
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31B65054222FFF1FF3CFA98DBEB815C" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E4222FFF1FF3CFA98DE3683EC" blockId="8.[151,1437,1364,1913]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<bibRef id="52A1A2784222FFF1FF3CFA98DE3683EC" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" type="journal article">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4222FFF1FF3CFA98DE55833B" bold="true" box="[151,276,1364,1390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<title id="F905DDB84222FFF1FF3CFA98DE4E833B" box="[151,271,1364,1390]" jopScore="0.0018299209" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BA882C4222FFF1FF3CFA98DE4E833B" box="[151,271,1364,1390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</title>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4222FFF1FEB7FA98DEA8833B" author="NHMUK" box="[284,489,1364,1390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" refString="Holotype. NHMUK R 1635, ilium (Fig. 5) and associated elements (Fig. 6) comprising a partial posterior sacrum (Fig. 6 A - C), anterior caudal centrum (Fig. 6 D, E) and (more dubiously) a water-worn proximal ischial fragment (Fig. 6 F)." type="journal article" year="1635">
|
||
<author id="53BCDE6B4222FFF1FEB7FA98DEED833B" box="[284,428,1364,1390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED10AE4B4222FFF1FEB7FA98DECC833B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[284,397,1364,1390]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
R
|
||
</author>
|
||
<year id="FFA977DD4222FFF1FE00FA98DEA8833B" box="[427,489,1364,1390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">1635</year>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<journalOrPublisher id="51C03C424222FFF1FE5DFA98DD35833B" box="[502,628,1364,1390]" jopScore="0.0073196837" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" type="_" typeScore="71">
|
||
ilium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B4222FFF1FDECFA98DD35833B" box="[583,628,1364,1390]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1677,1701]" captionTargetBox="[344,1253,190,1625]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[308,1280,166,1653]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. NHMUK R 1635, holotype ilium. A. Lateral view. B. Posterior view to show the inflected shelf, lateral ridge and brevis fossa. C. Medial view showing the form of the sacral rib scars. D. Dorsal view showing the transversely narrow dorsal margin of the ilium compared with that of B. dawsoni (Fig. 3 B). The mediodorsal edge of the ilium shows an abscess-like excavation that may be pathological in origin. Even though the dorsal margin is eroded laterally posterior to the ischial peduncle (cross-hatched area) there is little indication of a laterally everted edge. Abbreviations: acet – acetabulum; brf – brevis fossa; lr – lateral ridge that bounds the brevis fossa; nde – narrow dorsal edge to the iliac blade; path? – probable pathological structure; prp – preacetabular process; srs – sacral rib scar on medial surface of iliac blade. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195576/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Fig</figureCitation>
|
||
</journalOrPublisher>
|
||
.
|
||
<part id="FFA59C134222FFF1FD2AFA98DDD1833B" box="[641,656,1364,1390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" type="volume">5</part>
|
||
) and associated elements (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B4222FFF1FC72FA98DB63833B" box="[985,1058,1364,1390]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,259,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[255,1333,791,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[255,1333,786,1759]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. NHMUK R 1635, additional postcranial remains recovered from the same locality and horizon as the holotype ilium (Fig. 5) at Shornden. A – C. Posterior portion of sacrum (lateral, ventral and dorsal views respectively). D, E. Anterior caudal centrum, in right lateral and anterior views respectively. F. Proximal left ischium, a water-rolled and polished fragment. The ischium is of different preservation and is very probably transported to a greater extent than the other type specimens – and in any case shows no diagnostic features beyond being the proximal fragment of an ornithopod ischium. Abbreviations: cr – caudal rib; hf – haemal arch (chevron) facet; il – base of iliac peduncle; k – keel on ventral surface of sacral centrum; nc – floor of canal for spinal cord; obt – base of obturator process; pu – base of pubic peduncle; sr – fragments of the sacral ribs. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195577/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
) comprising a partial posterior sacrum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B4222FFF1FF50FAB6DE7E83C1" box="[251,319,1402,1428]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,259,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[255,1333,791,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[255,1333,786,1759]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. NHMUK R 1635, additional postcranial remains recovered from the same locality and horizon as the holotype ilium (Fig. 5) at Shornden. A – C. Posterior portion of sacrum (lateral, ventral and dorsal views respectively). D, E. Anterior caudal centrum, in right lateral and anterior views respectively. F. Proximal left ischium, a water-rolled and polished fragment. The ischium is of different preservation and is very probably transported to a greater extent than the other type specimens – and in any case shows no diagnostic features beyond being the proximal fragment of an ornithopod ischium. Abbreviations: cr – caudal rib; hf – haemal arch (chevron) facet; il – base of iliac peduncle; k – keel on ventral surface of sacral centrum; nc – floor of canal for spinal cord; obt – base of obturator process; pu – base of pubic peduncle; sr – fragments of the sacral ribs. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195577/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C), anterior caudal centrum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B4222FFF1FD18FAB6DDB983C1" box="[691,760,1402,1428]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,259,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[255,1333,791,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[255,1333,786,1759]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. NHMUK R 1635, additional postcranial remains recovered from the same locality and horizon as the holotype ilium (Fig. 5) at Shornden. A – C. Posterior portion of sacrum (lateral, ventral and dorsal views respectively). D, E. Anterior caudal centrum, in right lateral and anterior views respectively. F. Proximal left ischium, a water-rolled and polished fragment. The ischium is of different preservation and is very probably transported to a greater extent than the other type specimens – and in any case shows no diagnostic features beyond being the proximal fragment of an ornithopod ischium. Abbreviations: cr – caudal rib; hf – haemal arch (chevron) facet; il – base of iliac peduncle; k – keel on ventral surface of sacral centrum; nc – floor of canal for spinal cord; obt – base of obturator process; pu – base of pubic peduncle; sr – fragments of the sacral ribs. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195577/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
D, E) and (more dubiously) a water-worn proximal ischial fragment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B4222FFF1FEBAFA53DE1683EC" box="[273,343,1439,1465]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,259,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[255,1333,791,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[255,1333,786,1759]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. NHMUK R 1635, additional postcranial remains recovered from the same locality and horizon as the holotype ilium (Fig. 5) at Shornden. A – C. Posterior portion of sacrum (lateral, ventral and dorsal views respectively). D, E. Anterior caudal centrum, in right lateral and anterior views respectively. F. Proximal left ischium, a water-rolled and polished fragment. The ischium is of different preservation and is very probably transported to a greater extent than the other type specimens – and in any case shows no diagnostic features beyond being the proximal fragment of an ornithopod ischium. Abbreviations: cr – caudal rib; hf – haemal arch (chevron) facet; il – base of iliac peduncle; k – keel on ventral surface of sacral centrum; nc – floor of canal for spinal cord; obt – base of obturator process; pu – base of pubic peduncle; sr – fragments of the sacral ribs. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195577/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<pagination id="B2C8C87A4222FFF1FEECFA53DE1683EC" box="[327,343,1439,1465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" type="pagination">6</pagination>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
F).
|
||
</bibRef>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E4222FFF1FF6EFA08DE5580CC" blockId="8.[151,1437,1364,1913]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4222FFF1FF6EFA08DEEF838B" bold="true" box="[197,430,1476,1502]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Referred material.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BA882C4222FFF1FE47FA08DD12838B" box="[492,595,1476,1502]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4222FFF1FDD7FA09DB76838B" authority="Lydekker" authorityName="Lydekker" box="[636,1079,1476,1502]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hollingtoniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4222FFF1FDD7FA09DCFE838B" box="[636,959,1477,1502]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Iguanodon hollingtoniensis</emphasis>
|
||
Lydekker
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which includes the following registered material:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED10AE4B4222FFF1FE3BFA26DD438051" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[400,514,1514,1540]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
R1148 (femur,
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B4222FFF1FD6CFA26DC528051" box="[711,787,1514,1540]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,255,1587,1611]" captionTargetBox="[449,1135,624,1554]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[436,1150,607,1563]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. NHMUK R 1148, referred specimen. The right femur, illustrated as part of the holotype of Iguanodon hollingtoniensis Lydekker, 1889. A. Anterior view. B. Anteromedial view. Abbreviations: aig – anterior intercondylar groove almost occluded by shoulders developed from the distal articular condyles; at – anterior trochanter; 4 t – fourth trochanter and associated muscles scars associated with the caudifemoral complex. Broken surfaces are indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195578/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
), R1629, R1632, R811 (sacrum,
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B4222FFF1FB06FA26DBB48051" box="[1197,1269,1514,1540]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,254,1122,1146]" captionTargetBox="[214,1383,387,1074]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[188,1400,370,1098]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. Referred material. NHMUK R 811, crushed sacrum (part of the holotype of Iguanodon hollingtoniensis) in ventral (A; note remains of midline keel is preserved despite crushing) and dorsal (B) views. NHMUK R 811 b, crushed ilium (part of the holotype of I. hollingtoniensis) in lateral (C) and medial (D) views. Note the deep, narrow preacetabular process with a low curved medial ridge, the flat iliac blade with a narrow dorsal edge and that the ventral postacetabular margin is indented and curves upward away from the ischial peduncle. Abbreviations: k – keel on ventral surface of the sacrum; mr – low, curved ridge on the medial surface of the preacetabular process; nc – floor of canal for the spinal cord; nde – narrow dorsal edge to the ilium; prp – preacetabular process; sr – fragments of the sacral ribs. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195579/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B), R811b (ilium,
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B4222FFF1FF59F9C3DE7B807C" box="[242,314,1551,1577]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,254,1122,1146]" captionTargetBox="[214,1383,387,1074]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[188,1400,370,1098]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. Referred material. NHMUK R 811, crushed sacrum (part of the holotype of Iguanodon hollingtoniensis) in ventral (A; note remains of midline keel is preserved despite crushing) and dorsal (B) views. NHMUK R 811 b, crushed ilium (part of the holotype of I. hollingtoniensis) in lateral (C) and medial (D) views. Note the deep, narrow preacetabular process with a low curved medial ridge, the flat iliac blade with a narrow dorsal edge and that the ventral postacetabular margin is indented and curves upward away from the ischial peduncle. Abbreviations: k – keel on ventral surface of the sacrum; mr – low, curved ridge on the medial surface of the preacetabular process; nc – floor of canal for the spinal cord; nde – narrow dorsal edge to the ilium; prp – preacetabular process; sr – fragments of the sacral ribs. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195579/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
C, D), R604 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B4222FFF1FE48F9C3DD6E807C" box="[483,559,1551,1577]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,254,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[222,1356,371,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[222,1365,371,1927]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. NHMUK R 604, referred specimen. A, B. Anterior – mid dorsal vertebra in left lateral and anterior views respectively. C. Anterior caudal vertebra in left lateral view. Abbreviations: cr – caudal rib; dia – diapophysis; em – everted articular margin of the centrum; hf – haemal arch (chevron) facet; par – parapophysis; poz – postzygapophysis; prz – prezygapophysis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195580/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Additional referred specimens include
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED10AE4B4222FFF1FB8EF9C3DBD7807C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[1061,1174,1551,1577]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
R1834, R33, R1627, R1636 (including specimens accessioned as R2357, R2358), and R1831 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B4222FFF1FC51F9F8DB13801B" box="[1018,1106,1588,1614]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[252,1332,391,1636]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[236,1350,377,1644]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. Referred material. NHMUK R 1831, right dentary. A. Medial view, reproduced from Owen (1874: pl. 1, fig. 1). B. Medial view, sketch drawing taken from the original dentary (December 2009). C. The ‘ Brickenden jaw’ (NHMUK 28660). Sketch (November 2009) in medial view for comparison with NHMUK R 1831 (above). This is the right dentary of a large iguanodontian of robust build (attribution unconfirmed at present but it may prove to be attributable to B. dawsoni – Norman in preparation) collected by Col. Brickenden from a quarry near Cuckfield, Sussex. Abbreviations: am – level of alveolar margin; at – ‘ anomalous tooth’ (no longer associated with the jaw); br – extensively broken and crushed dorsal portion of the dentary ramus; ds – dentary-dentary symphysis; m – matrix infill of the Meckelian canal, the medial surface of the postdentary bones and the alveoli; mgr – Meckel’s groove; mt – matrix and tooth crown removed since the lithograph was prepared; pr – ‘ prong’ at the anterior end of the dentary ramus that locks against the lateral surface of the median ventral flap of the predentary; sh. alv – large area of the posterior alveolar shelf that has been sheared away post-mortem." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195581/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
), which includes specimens accessioned as
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED10AE4B4222FFF1FEE5F996DEFF8021" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[334,446,1626,1652]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
R1832, R1833, R1835, and R1836. Additional referred material will be described elsewhere.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E4222FFF1FF6EF968DBEB815C" blockId="8.[151,1437,1364,1913]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4222FFF1FF6EF968DD2380EB" bold="true" box="[197,610,1700,1726]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Locality and horizon of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BA882C4222FFF1FE44F968DD1C80EB" box="[495,605,1700,1726]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Quarry site at the village of Shornden, near Hastings, East Sussex (the same locality that yielded the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BA882C4222FFF1FE57F906DD6E80B1" box="[508,559,1738,1764]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4222FFF1FD6AF906DC0480B6" box="[705,837,1738,1764]" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Barilium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4222FFF1FD6AF906DD9280B6" box="[705,723,1738,1763]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4222FFF1FD48F906DC0480B6" box="[739,837,1738,1763]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Hastings Sub-Group, Wadhurst Clay Formation (Valanginian). Referred material was also recovered from the Wadhurst Clay Formation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31B65054222FFF2FF6EF8D8DB138259" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E4222FFF1FF6EF8D8DB15812C" blockId="8.[151,1437,1364,1913]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4222FFF1FF6EF8D8DD2B817B" bold="true" box="[197,618,1812,1838]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Diagnosis based on the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BA882C4222FFF1FE5FF8D8DD24817B" box="[500,613,1812,1838]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Iguanodontian with the following unique character combination (* indicates autapomorphies - all other characters are apomorphic within basal iguanodontians, even if they occur sporadically within ornithopods more generally),), summarised by element:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7E66064223FFF0FF3CF941DBE781D1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195576/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" targetBox="[344,1253,190,1625]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E4223FFF0FF3CF941DBE781D1" blockId="9.[151,1437,1677,1924]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4223FFF0FF3CF941DE5A80F0" bold="true" box="[151,283,1677,1701]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4223FFF0FE89F941DD8880F1" authority="Lydekker, 1889" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1889" box="[290,713,1677,1700]" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4223FFF0FE89F941DD4680F1" box="[290,519,1677,1700]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">Hypselospinus fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
(Lydekker, 1889)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24657E74223FFF0FD7BF941DC0980F1" box="[720,840,1677,1700]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
NHMUK R1635, holotype ilium. A. Lateral view. B. Posterior view to show the inflected shelf, lateral ridge and brevis fossa. C. Medial view showing the form of the sacral rib scars. D. Dorsal view showing the transversely narrow dorsal margin of the ilium compared with that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4223FFF0FA8FF901DADD80B1" box="[1316,1436,1741,1764]" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Barilium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4223FFF0FA8FF901DADD80B1" box="[1316,1436,1741,1764]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">B. dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 3B). The mediodorsal edge of the ilium shows an abscess-like excavation that may be pathological in origin. Even though the dorsal margin is eroded laterally posterior to the ischial peduncle (cross-hatched area) there is little indication of a laterally everted edge. Abbreviations: acet – acetabulum; brf – brevis fossa; lr – lateral ridge that bounds the brevis fossa; nde – narrow dorsal edge to the iliac blade; path? – probable pathological structure; prp – preacetabular process; srs – sacral rib scar on medial surface of iliac blade. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E4223FFF3FF6DF861DB8687F1" blockId="9.[151,1436,1965,2026]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,152,746]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
|
||
Ilium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B4223FFF0FEB3F861DE208192" box="[280,353,1965,1991]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1677,1701]" captionTargetBox="[344,1253,190,1625]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[308,1280,166,1653]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. NHMUK R 1635, holotype ilium. A. Lateral view. B. Posterior view to show the inflected shelf, lateral ridge and brevis fossa. C. Medial view showing the form of the sacral rib scars. D. Dorsal view showing the transversely narrow dorsal margin of the ilium compared with that of B. dawsoni (Fig. 3 B). The mediodorsal edge of the ilium shows an abscess-like excavation that may be pathological in origin. Even though the dorsal margin is eroded laterally posterior to the ischial peduncle (cross-hatched area) there is little indication of a laterally everted edge. Abbreviations: acet – acetabulum; brf – brevis fossa; lr – lateral ridge that bounds the brevis fossa; nde – narrow dorsal edge to the iliac blade; path? – probable pathological structure; prp – preacetabular process; srs – sacral rib scar on medial surface of iliac blade. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195576/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
): preacetabular process (prp) vertically orientated, laterally compressed and comparatively deep proximally*; ventral edge of the preacetabular process is thicker than the dorsal edge*; a low-relief, curved, ridge is present on the medial surface of the preacetabular process; the main portion of the iliac blade is flat; the dorsal edge of the iliac blade is transversely compressed* (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B4220FFF3FC48FF76DB6A8681" box="[995,1067,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1677,1701]" captionTargetBox="[344,1253,190,1625]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[308,1280,166,1653]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. NHMUK R 1635, holotype ilium. A. Lateral view. B. Posterior view to show the inflected shelf, lateral ridge and brevis fossa. C. Medial view showing the form of the sacral rib scars. D. Dorsal view showing the transversely narrow dorsal margin of the ilium compared with that of B. dawsoni (Fig. 3 B). The mediodorsal edge of the ilium shows an abscess-like excavation that may be pathological in origin. Even though the dorsal margin is eroded laterally posterior to the ischial peduncle (cross-hatched area) there is little indication of a laterally everted edge. Abbreviations: acet – acetabulum; brf – brevis fossa; lr – lateral ridge that bounds the brevis fossa; nde – narrow dorsal edge to the iliac blade; path? – probable pathological structure; prp – preacetabular process; srs – sacral rib scar on medial surface of iliac blade. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195576/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
D, nde); the dorsal edge of the central portion of the iliac blade, in profile view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B4220FFF3FD73FF11DC5C86A2" box="[728,797,221,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1677,1701]" captionTargetBox="[344,1253,190,1625]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[308,1280,166,1653]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. NHMUK R 1635, holotype ilium. A. Lateral view. B. Posterior view to show the inflected shelf, lateral ridge and brevis fossa. C. Medial view showing the form of the sacral rib scars. D. Dorsal view showing the transversely narrow dorsal margin of the ilium compared with that of B. dawsoni (Fig. 3 B). The mediodorsal edge of the ilium shows an abscess-like excavation that may be pathological in origin. Even though the dorsal margin is eroded laterally posterior to the ischial peduncle (cross-hatched area) there is little indication of a laterally everted edge. Abbreviations: acet – acetabulum; brf – brevis fossa; lr – lateral ridge that bounds the brevis fossa; nde – narrow dorsal edge to the iliac blade; path? – probable pathological structure; prp – preacetabular process; srs – sacral rib scar on medial surface of iliac blade. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195576/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A), is straight (rather than being bowed dorsally)*; the postacetabular blade tapers to a blunt, thickened bar (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B4220FFF3FCC9FECCDCF3874F" box="[866,946,256,282]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1677,1701]" captionTargetBox="[344,1253,190,1625]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[308,1280,166,1653]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. NHMUK R 1635, holotype ilium. A. Lateral view. B. Posterior view to show the inflected shelf, lateral ridge and brevis fossa. C. Medial view showing the form of the sacral rib scars. D. Dorsal view showing the transversely narrow dorsal margin of the ilium compared with that of B. dawsoni (Fig. 3 B). The mediodorsal edge of the ilium shows an abscess-like excavation that may be pathological in origin. Even though the dorsal margin is eroded laterally posterior to the ischial peduncle (cross-hatched area) there is little indication of a laterally everted edge. Abbreviations: acet – acetabulum; brf – brevis fossa; lr – lateral ridge that bounds the brevis fossa; nde – narrow dorsal edge to the iliac blade; path? – probable pathological structure; prp – preacetabular process; srs – sacral rib scar on medial surface of iliac blade. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195576/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A,B); strong medial inturning of the postacetabular blade to form a thick shelf that roofs a well-defined brevis fossa (brf); the brevis fossa is bordered laterally by a horizontal ridge (lr); the scarring for the posterior sacral ribs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B4220FFF3FBD5FE89DB85870A" box="[1150,1220,325,351]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1677,1701]" captionTargetBox="[344,1253,190,1625]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[308,1280,166,1653]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. NHMUK R 1635, holotype ilium. A. Lateral view. B. Posterior view to show the inflected shelf, lateral ridge and brevis fossa. C. Medial view showing the form of the sacral rib scars. D. Dorsal view showing the transversely narrow dorsal margin of the ilium compared with that of B. dawsoni (Fig. 3 B). The mediodorsal edge of the ilium shows an abscess-like excavation that may be pathological in origin. Even though the dorsal margin is eroded laterally posterior to the ischial peduncle (cross-hatched area) there is little indication of a laterally everted edge. Abbreviations: acet – acetabulum; brf – brevis fossa; lr – lateral ridge that bounds the brevis fossa; nde – narrow dorsal edge to the iliac blade; path? – probable pathological structure; prp – preacetabular process; srs – sacral rib scar on medial surface of iliac blade. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195576/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
C, srs) follows the ventral margin of the postacetabular blade as it rises obliquely toward the posterior end of the blade to merge with the more dorsally positioned facets along the lower border of the postacetabular blade.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E4220FFF3FF6DFE61DE758459" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,746]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
|
||
Vertebrae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B4220FFF3FEE2FE61DED58792" box="[329,404,429,455]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,259,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[255,1333,791,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[255,1333,786,1759]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. NHMUK R 1635, additional postcranial remains recovered from the same locality and horizon as the holotype ilium (Fig. 5) at Shornden. A – C. Posterior portion of sacrum (lateral, ventral and dorsal views respectively). D, E. Anterior caudal centrum, in right lateral and anterior views respectively. F. Proximal left ischium, a water-rolled and polished fragment. The ischium is of different preservation and is very probably transported to a greater extent than the other type specimens – and in any case shows no diagnostic features beyond being the proximal fragment of an ornithopod ischium. Abbreviations: cr – caudal rib; hf – haemal arch (chevron) facet; il – base of iliac peduncle; k – keel on ventral surface of sacral centrum; nc – floor of canal for spinal cord; obt – base of obturator process; pu – base of pubic peduncle; sr – fragments of the sacral ribs. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195577/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
): the ventral surfaces of the posterior centra of the sacrum bear midline keels*; midanterior caudal vertebral centrum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B4220FFF3FD80FE1CDD3387BF" box="[555,626,464,490]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,259,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[255,1333,791,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[255,1333,786,1759]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. NHMUK R 1635, additional postcranial remains recovered from the same locality and horizon as the holotype ilium (Fig. 5) at Shornden. A – C. Posterior portion of sacrum (lateral, ventral and dorsal views respectively). D, E. Anterior caudal centrum, in right lateral and anterior views respectively. F. Proximal left ischium, a water-rolled and polished fragment. The ischium is of different preservation and is very probably transported to a greater extent than the other type specimens – and in any case shows no diagnostic features beyond being the proximal fragment of an ornithopod ischium. Abbreviations: cr – caudal rib; hf – haemal arch (chevron) facet; il – base of iliac peduncle; k – keel on ventral surface of sacral centrum; nc – floor of canal for spinal cord; obt – base of obturator process; pu – base of pubic peduncle; sr – fragments of the sacral ribs. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195577/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
), which bears a well-marked haemal facet posteriorly, has cylindrical proportions*.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E4220FFF3FF6DFDD9DE0B84BF" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,746]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4220FFF3FF6DFDD9DC7A847A" bold="true" box="[198,827,533,559]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">Comparisons with closely related iguanodontians.</emphasis>
|
||
This taxon appears (to date) to be restricted to the Valanginian stage and is representative of a medium-sized (body length of ~6 metres) and robust iguanodontian ornithopod. Comparisons will be drawn with the earlier (Kimmeridgian–Berriasian) camptosaur-grade iguanodontians, the exactly contemporary taxon
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4220FFF3FC63FD49DBDE84CB" box="[968,1183,645,670]" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Barilium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4220FFF3FC63FD49DBDE84CB" box="[968,1183,645,670]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">Barilium dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see above), and the younger (Hauterivian–Lower Aptian) and geographically local
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4220FFF3FCD0FD66DBF28496" box="[891,1203,682,707]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bernissartensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4220FFF3FCD0FD66DBF28496" box="[891,1203,682,707]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">Iguanodon bernissartensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4220FFF3FB41FD66DE0284BC" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Mantellisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atherfieldensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4220FFF3FB41FD66DE0284BC" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7E66064220FFF3FF3CF911DE8581A1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195577/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" targetBox="[255,1333,791,1756]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E4220FFF3FF3CF911DE8581A1" blockId="10.[151,1437,1757,2036]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4220FFF3FF3CF911DE6180A0" bold="true" box="[151,288,1757,1781]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4220FFF3FE83F911DDA480A1" authority="Lydekker, 1889" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1889" box="[296,741,1757,1780]" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4220FFF3FE83F911DD5880A1" box="[296,537,1757,1780]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">Hypselospinus fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
(Lydekker, 1889)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24657E74220FFF3FD46F911DC2A80A1" box="[749,875,1757,1780]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
NHMUK R1635, additional postcranial remains recovered from the same locality and horizon as the holotype ilium (Fig. 5) at Shornden. A–C. Posterior portion of sacrum (lateral, ventral and dorsal views respectively). D, E. Anterior caudal centrum, in right lateral and anterior views respectively. F. Proximal left ischium, a water-rolled and polished fragment. The ischium is of different preservation and is very probably transported to a greater extent than the other type specimens – and in any case shows no diagnostic features beyond being the proximal fragment of an ornithopod ischium. Abbreviations: cr – caudal rib; hf – haemal arch (chevron) facet; il – base of iliac peduncle; k – keel on ventral surface of sacral centrum; nc – floor of canal for spinal cord; obt – base of obturator process; pu – base of pubic peduncle; sr – fragments of the sacral ribs. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E4221FFF2FF6DFF54DFA58552" blockId="11.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">
|
||
Camptosaurs. The base of the preacetabular process is laterally compressed and deep with little evidence of axial twisting in both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4221FFF2FE11FF71DDF38683" box="[442,690,189,214]" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4221FFF2FE11FF71DDF38683" box="[442,690,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">Hypselospinus fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and camptosaurs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4221FFF2FC24FF71DA5B8682" author="Gilmore" box="[911,1306,189,215]" pageId="11" pageNumber="65" refString="Gilmore, C. W. (1909) Osteology of the Jurassic reptile Camptosaurus, with a revision of the species of the genus and a description of two new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 36, 197 - 332." type="journal article" year="1909">Gilmore 1909: figs 29, 30, pl. 14</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); however, the dorsal margin of this process is thickened and rounded transversely in camptosaurs, unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4221FFF2FB5EFF2EDA1E86AE" box="[1269,1375,226,251]" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4221FFF2FB5EFF2EDA1E86AE" box="[1269,1375,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">H. fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The dorsal edge of the main iliac plate is horizontal above the acetabular region in both taxa; however, unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4221FFF2FAD4FEC4DFA38713" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4221FFF2FAD4FEC4DFA38713" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">H. fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, this border in camptosaurs develops an oblique (dorsolaterally orientated) bevelled surface that becomes steadily deeper over the postacetabular blade and increasingly laterally everted so that the upper part of the blade comes to overhang the ischial peduncle and brevis fossa regions. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4221FFF2FBFFFEB4DBFE87C4" box="[1108,1215,376,401]" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4221FFF2FBFFFEB4DBFE87C4" box="[1108,1215,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">H. fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the dorsal edge of the iliac blade remains narrow and vertically orientated along its length; toward the posterior end of this dorsal edge, in camptosaurs, the thickened bevelled surface forms a small dorsally deflected lip, before descending obliquely to the medially inflected posterior bar which, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4221FFF2FCC6FE24DC998454" box="[877,984,488,513]" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4221FFF2FCC6FE24DC998454" box="[877,984,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">H. fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, forms the roof to a substantial brevis fossa. The brevis fossa is bounded medially by a thin wall of the ilium in camptosaurs that is clearly visible in lateral aspect (this is far more prominent than the small medial ‘lip’ seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4221FFF2FBA4FDFEDB38841E" box="[1039,1145,562,587]" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4221FFF2FBA4FDFEDB38841E" box="[1039,1145,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">H. fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B4221FFF2FB22FDFEDB8D8419" box="[1161,1228,562,588]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1677,1701]" captionTargetBox="[344,1253,190,1625]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[308,1280,166,1653]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. NHMUK R 1635, holotype ilium. A. Lateral view. B. Posterior view to show the inflected shelf, lateral ridge and brevis fossa. C. Medial view showing the form of the sacral rib scars. D. Dorsal view showing the transversely narrow dorsal margin of the ilium compared with that of B. dawsoni (Fig. 3 B). The mediodorsal edge of the ilium shows an abscess-like excavation that may be pathological in origin. Even though the dorsal margin is eroded laterally posterior to the ischial peduncle (cross-hatched area) there is little indication of a laterally everted edge. Abbreviations: acet – acetabulum; brf – brevis fossa; lr – lateral ridge that bounds the brevis fossa; nde – narrow dorsal edge to the iliac blade; path? – probable pathological structure; prp – preacetabular process; srs – sacral rib scar on medial surface of iliac blade. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195576/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A), but the lateral ridge that encloses the brevis fossa is similar in both taxa. Camptosaur ilia have a dorsal edge that becomes increasingly thick transversely and forms a bevelled structure that increases steadily in size posteriorly; the lateral surface of the iliac blade above the ischial peduncle also curves laterally so that it overhangs the ventral part of the ilium. The sacrum of camptosaurs lacks a ventral keel (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4221FFF2FC6CFD04DB3984B7" author="Gilmore" box="[967,1144,712,738]" pageId="11" pageNumber="65" refString="Gilmore, C. W. (1909) Osteology of the Jurassic reptile Camptosaurus, with a revision of the species of the genus and a description of two new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 36, 197 - 332." type="journal article" year="1909">Gilmore 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which is present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4221FFF2FAD4FD04DF9C8553" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4221FFF2FAD4FD04DF9C8553" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">H. fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E4221FFF2FF6DFCDEDB138259" blockId="11.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4221FFF2FF6DFCDEDEDB857E" box="[198,410,786,811]" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Barilium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4221FFF2FF6DFCDEDEDB857E" box="[198,410,786,811]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">Barilium dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The ilium of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4221FFF2FDE0FCDEDD8E857E" box="[587,719,786,811]" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Barilium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4221FFF2FDE0FCDEDD8E857E" box="[587,719,786,811]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">B. dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is larger and more massive than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4221FFF2FB13FCDEDA65857E" box="[1208,1316,786,811]" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4221FFF2FB13FCDEDA65857E" box="[1208,1316,786,811]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">H. fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B4221FFF2FF3CFCF4DFA38507" box="[151,226,824,850]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[195,1358,381,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,341,1858]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Barilium dawsoni (Lydekker, 1888) comb. nov. NHMUK R 802, holotype ilium in lateral (A), dorsal (B), and medial (C) views. Abbreviations: acet – acetabulum; ip – ischial peduncle; pp – pubic peduncle; prp – preacetabular process; srf – sacral rib facet; srs – posterior sacral rib scar. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195574/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">Figs 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B4221FFF2FF5BFCF4DE408507" box="[240,257,824,850]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1677,1701]" captionTargetBox="[344,1253,190,1625]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[308,1280,166,1653]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. NHMUK R 1635, holotype ilium. A. Lateral view. B. Posterior view to show the inflected shelf, lateral ridge and brevis fossa. C. Medial view showing the form of the sacral rib scars. D. Dorsal view showing the transversely narrow dorsal margin of the ilium compared with that of B. dawsoni (Fig. 3 B). The mediodorsal edge of the ilium shows an abscess-like excavation that may be pathological in origin. Even though the dorsal margin is eroded laterally posterior to the ischial peduncle (cross-hatched area) there is little indication of a laterally everted edge. Abbreviations: acet – acetabulum; brf – brevis fossa; lr – lateral ridge that bounds the brevis fossa; nde – narrow dorsal edge to the iliac blade; path? – probable pathological structure; prp – preacetabular process; srs – sacral rib scar on medial surface of iliac blade. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195576/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">5</figureCitation>
|
||
). The form and orientation of the preacetabular process is completely different, as is the outline of the dorsal margin, as well as the structure of the postacetabular blade in all respects. The only anatomical similarity, in a very general sense, is that the iliac blade is essentially flat, and appears to lie vertically against the sacral yoke, rather than having a blade that curves laterally towards its dorsal margin so that it overhangs the lower portion of the blade. The dorsoventrally compressed (subrectangular) structure of anterior caudals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4221FFF2FF1DFC3EDE78825E" box="[182,313,1010,1036]" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Barilium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4221FFF2FF1DFC3EDF89825E" box="[182,200,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4221FFF2FF7CFC3EDE78825E" box="[215,313,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs strikingly from the form of the anterior caudals in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4221FFF2FC4AFC3EDB0A825E" box="[993,1099,1010,1035]" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4221FFF2FC4AFC3EDB0A825E" box="[993,1099,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">H. fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31B65054221FFE8FF6DFBD4DCFA8777" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E4221FFF2FF6DFBD4DFA582B9" blockId="11.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4221FFF2FF6DFBD4DD418264" box="[198,512,1048,1073]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bernissartensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4221FFF2FF6DFBD4DD418264" box="[198,512,1048,1073]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">Iguanodon bernissartensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The ilium of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4221FFF2FD1BFBD4DC3C8264" box="[688,893,1048,1073]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bernissartensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4221FFF2FD1BFBD4DC3C8264" box="[688,893,1048,1073]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">I. bernissartensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs significantly from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4221FFF2FABBFBD4DA3D8264" box="[1296,1404,1048,1073]" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4221FFF2FABBFBD4DA3D8264" box="[1296,1404,1048,1073]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">H. fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the form of the preacetabular process (which is very robust, broad and essentially triangular in cross-section:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4221FFF2FF3CFBAEDE7F8229" author="Norman" box="[151,318,1122,1148]" pageId="11" pageNumber="65" refString="Norman, D. B. (1980) On the ornithischian dinosaur Iguanodon bernissartensis from Belgium. Memoires de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 178, 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1980">Norman 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: Fig. 64), the bowed and ultimately sinuous dorsal margin, the dorsal portion of the iliac blade being thickened transversely and expanded laterally to overhang the lower part of the blade, and the postacetabular process is narrow and tapering and far more elongate (proportionally) than is the case in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4221FFF2FAD4FB61DF9C82B9" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4221FFF2FAD4FB61DF9C82B9" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">H. fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E4221FFF2FF6DFB34DC268309" blockId="11.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4221FFF2FF6DFB34DD6A8344" box="[198,555,1272,1297]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Mantellisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atherfieldensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4221FFF2FF6DFB34DD6A8344" box="[198,555,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The ilium of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4221FFF2FD7EFB34DCEB8344" box="[725,938,1272,1297]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Mantellisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atherfieldensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4221FFF2FD7EFB34DCEB8344" box="[725,938,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">M. atherfieldensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4221FFF2FB32FB34DA428344" box="[1177,1283,1272,1297]" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4221FFF2FB32FB34DA428344" box="[1177,1283,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">H. fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its curved dorsal margin, the progressive thickening and expansion of the dorsolateral portion of the iliac blade (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4221FFF2FA91FAD1DE1E8309" author="Norman" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="11" pageNumber="65" refString="Norman, D. B. (1986) On the anatomy of Iguanodon atherfieldensis (Ornithischia: Ornithopoda). Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 56, 281 - 372." type="journal article" year="1986">Norman 1986: figs 53, 54</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the comparatively narrow brevis fossa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E4221FFF2FF6DFAABDC388037" blockId="11.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4221FFF2FF6DFAABDEA283D4" bold="true" box="[198,483,1383,1409]" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">Taxonomic discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4221FFF2FE44FAA4DDAC83D4" box="[495,749,1384,1409]" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4221FFF2FE44FAA4DDAC83D4" box="[495,749,1384,1409]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">Hypselospinus fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
represents a smaller but relatively robustly constructed iguanodontian that was a sympatric contemporary of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4221FFF2FCAEFA41DC9783F3" box="[773,982,1421,1446]" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Barilium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4221FFF2FCAEFA41DC9783F3" box="[773,982,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">Barilium dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(above).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F316761E4221FFF2FBE7FA41DB2C83F2" box="[1100,1133,1421,1447]" name="American Samoa" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
with the latter species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4221FFF2FAD4FA41DF9C8399" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4221FFF2FAD4FA41DF9C8399" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">H. fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears, on present evidence, to be restricted to the Valanginian. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BA882C4221FFF2FBA7FA7EDB338399" box="[1036,1138,1458,1484]" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
material is far from ideal (based as it is on a small fraction of the skeleton), but it is nevertheless diagnostic, as proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4221FFF2FA86FA14DFA88042" author="Lydekker" pageId="11" pageNumber="65" refString="Lydekker, R. (1889) Notes on new and other dinosaur remains. Geological Magazine, VI, 352 - 356." type="book chapter" year="1889">Lydekker (1889)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Of considerable interest (and importance) in relation to our understanding and interpretation of these Wadhurst Clay Formation species is the status of other iguanodontian material that was originally referred to a third species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4221FFF2FE92F984DD3B8034" box="[313,634,1608,1633]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hollingtoniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4221FFF2FE92F984DD3B8034" box="[313,634,1608,1633]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">Iguanodon hollingtoniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4221FFF2FD05F984DC348037" author="Lydekker" box="[686,885,1608,1634]" pageId="11" pageNumber="65" refString="Lydekker, R. (1889) Notes on new and other dinosaur remains. Geological Magazine, VI, 352 - 356." type="book chapter" year="1889">Lydekker (1889)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E4221FFF2FF6DF9A1DD988149" blockId="11.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4221FFF2FF6DF9A1DD4480D3" box="[198,517,1645,1670]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hollingtonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4221FFF2FF6DF9A1DD4480D3" box="[198,517,1645,1670]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">Iguanodon hollingtonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was based on skeletal remains recovered from Little Ridge Quarry in the village of Hollington, near Hastings (the quarry also yielded portions of a large theropod and an ankylosaur at around the same time). The iguanodontian skeleton was articulated, but was excavated over a period of two years and donated to the British Museum in batches (as a consequence a variety of registered numbers were attributed to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BA882C4221FFF2FEFCF8CEDEFE8149" box="[343,447,1794,1820]" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) that are re-united here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E4221FFF5FF6DF8E4DADD8472" blockId="11.[151,1437,152,2007]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,152,551]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">
|
||
The new species was established upon a nearly complete, but somewhat distorted, femur (NHMUK R1148,
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B4221FFF2FF5CF881DE028132" box="[247,323,1869,1895]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,255,1587,1611]" captionTargetBox="[449,1135,624,1554]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[436,1150,607,1563]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. NHMUK R 1148, referred specimen. The right femur, illustrated as part of the holotype of Iguanodon hollingtoniensis Lydekker, 1889. A. Anterior view. B. Anteromedial view. Abbreviations: aig – anterior intercondylar groove almost occluded by shoulders developed from the distal articular condyles; at – anterior trochanter; 4 t – fourth trochanter and associated muscles scars associated with the caudifemoral complex. Broken surfaces are indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195578/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4221FFF2FEF0F881DD778132" author="Lydekker" box="[347,566,1869,1895]" pageId="11" pageNumber="65" refString="Lydekker, R. (1890 a) Contributions to our knowledge of the dinosaurs of the Wealden and the sauropterygians of the Purbeck and Oxford Clay. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 46, 36 - 53." type="journal article" year="1890" yearSuffix="a">Lydekker (1890a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
claimed that this differed from a femur assigned by him to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4221FFF2FAB7F881DADC8133" box="[1308,1437,1869,1894]" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Barilium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4221FFF2FAB7F881DADC8133" box="[1308,1437,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">I. dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NHMUK R1627); unfortunately, the femur to which Lydekker was referring is so badly damaged that no meaningful comparisons are possible. In addition, Lydekker argued that the sacral vertebrae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4221FFF2FA22F854DE188183" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hollingtoniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4221FFF2FA22F854DE188183" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="58">I. hollingtoniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(registered under numbers NHMUK R811 and R1632) could be distinguished from those assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4226FFF5FE80FF54DED086E4" box="[299,401,152,177]" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4226FFF5FE80FF54DED086E4" box="[299,401,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">I. fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4226FFF5FE0AFF54DD3586E7" author="NHMUK" box="[417,628,152,178]" pageId="12" pageNumber="55" refString="Holotype. NHMUK R 1635, ilium (Fig. 5) and associated elements (Fig. 6) comprising a partial posterior sacrum (Fig. 6 A - C), anterior caudal centrum (Fig. 6 D, E) and (more dubiously) a water-worn proximal ischial fragment (Fig. 6 F)." type="journal article" year="1635">NHMUK R1635</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B4226FFF5FD2AFF54DD8C86E7" box="[641,717,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,259,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[255,1333,791,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[255,1333,786,1759]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. NHMUK R 1635, additional postcranial remains recovered from the same locality and horizon as the holotype ilium (Fig. 5) at Shornden. A – C. Posterior portion of sacrum (lateral, ventral and dorsal views respectively). D, E. Anterior caudal centrum, in right lateral and anterior views respectively. F. Proximal left ischium, a water-rolled and polished fragment. The ischium is of different preservation and is very probably transported to a greater extent than the other type specimens – and in any case shows no diagnostic features beyond being the proximal fragment of an ornithopod ischium. Abbreviations: cr – caudal rib; hf – haemal arch (chevron) facet; il – base of iliac peduncle; k – keel on ventral surface of sacral centrum; nc – floor of canal for spinal cord; obt – base of obturator process; pu – base of pubic peduncle; sr – fragments of the sacral ribs. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195577/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
), because the former had sacral centra that were flattened ventrally and not co-ossified. In fact the flattened and unfused sacrals of NHMUK R1632 identified by Lydekker proved to be broken fragments of several cervical vertebrae, while NHMUK R811 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B4226FFF5FB40FF2EDA7086A9" box="[1259,1329,226,252]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,254,1122,1146]" captionTargetBox="[214,1383,387,1074]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[188,1400,370,1098]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. Referred material. NHMUK R 811, crushed sacrum (part of the holotype of Iguanodon hollingtoniensis) in ventral (A; note remains of midline keel is preserved despite crushing) and dorsal (B) views. NHMUK R 811 b, crushed ilium (part of the holotype of I. hollingtoniensis) in lateral (C) and medial (D) views. Note the deep, narrow preacetabular process with a low curved medial ridge, the flat iliac blade with a narrow dorsal edge and that the ventral postacetabular margin is indented and curves upward away from the ischial peduncle. Abbreviations: k – keel on ventral surface of the sacrum; mr – low, curved ridge on the medial surface of the preacetabular process; nc – floor of canal for the spinal cord; nde – narrow dorsal edge to the ilium; prp – preacetabular process; sr – fragments of the sacral ribs. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195579/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
A,B) is a post-mortem dorsoventrally flattened set of fused sacrals that exhibit the remnants of a ventral midline keel (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4226FFF5FF35FEE1DE098712" author="Norman" box="[158,328,301,327]" pageId="12" pageNumber="65" refString="Norman, D. B. (1977) On the anatomy of the ornithischian dinosaur Iguanodon. Unpublished PhD thesis, King's College London, 631 pp." type="book" year="1977">Norman 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It was also claimed that the fragmentary ilium (NHMUK R811b,
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B4226FFF5FBCAFEE1DBE48712" box="[1121,1189,301,327]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,254,1122,1146]" captionTargetBox="[214,1383,387,1074]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[188,1400,370,1098]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. Referred material. NHMUK R 811, crushed sacrum (part of the holotype of Iguanodon hollingtoniensis) in ventral (A; note remains of midline keel is preserved despite crushing) and dorsal (B) views. NHMUK R 811 b, crushed ilium (part of the holotype of I. hollingtoniensis) in lateral (C) and medial (D) views. Note the deep, narrow preacetabular process with a low curved medial ridge, the flat iliac blade with a narrow dorsal edge and that the ventral postacetabular margin is indented and curves upward away from the ischial peduncle. Abbreviations: k – keel on ventral surface of the sacrum; mr – low, curved ridge on the medial surface of the preacetabular process; nc – floor of canal for the spinal cord; nde – narrow dorsal edge to the ilium; prp – preacetabular process; sr – fragments of the sacral ribs. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195579/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
C,D) associated with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BA882C4226FFF5FF69FE9EDE688739" box="[194,297,338,364]" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
skeleton differed (in an unspecified way) from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BA882C4226FFF5FC2FFE9EDCAB8739" box="[900,1002,338,364]" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
ilium of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4226FFF5FBFCFE9EDBF4873E" box="[1111,1205,338,363]" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4226FFF5FBFCFE9EDBF4873E" box="[1111,1205,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">I. fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4226FFF5FB6EFE9EDACE8739" author="NHMUK" box="[1221,1423,338,364]" pageId="12" pageNumber="55" refString="Holotype. NHMUK R 1635, ilium (Fig. 5) and associated elements (Fig. 6) comprising a partial posterior sacrum (Fig. 6 A - C), anterior caudal centrum (Fig. 6 D, E) and (more dubiously) a water-worn proximal ischial fragment (Fig. 6 F)." type="journal article" year="1635">NHMUK R1635</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, the features that can be observed in NHMUK R811b demonstrate clear and diagnostic affinities with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BA882C4226FFF5FEADFE51DE3287E2" box="[262,371,413,439]" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
ilium of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4226FFF5FE43FE51DD0E87E3" box="[488,591,413,438]" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4226FFF5FE43FE51DD0E87E3" box="[488,591,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">I. fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B4226FFF5FD7DFE51DC6787E2" box="[726,806,413,439]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,259,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[255,1333,791,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[255,1333,786,1759]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. NHMUK R 1635, additional postcranial remains recovered from the same locality and horizon as the holotype ilium (Fig. 5) at Shornden. A – C. Posterior portion of sacrum (lateral, ventral and dorsal views respectively). D, E. Anterior caudal centrum, in right lateral and anterior views respectively. F. Proximal left ischium, a water-rolled and polished fragment. The ischium is of different preservation and is very probably transported to a greater extent than the other type specimens – and in any case shows no diagnostic features beyond being the proximal fragment of an ornithopod ischium. Abbreviations: cr – caudal rib; hf – haemal arch (chevron) facet; il – base of iliac peduncle; k – keel on ventral surface of sacral centrum; nc – floor of canal for spinal cord; obt – base of obturator process; pu – base of pubic peduncle; sr – fragments of the sacral ribs. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195577/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">Figs 6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B4226FFF5FC9FFE51DC0787E2" box="[820,838,413,439]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,254,1122,1146]" captionTargetBox="[214,1383,387,1074]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[188,1400,370,1098]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. Referred material. NHMUK R 811, crushed sacrum (part of the holotype of Iguanodon hollingtoniensis) in ventral (A; note remains of midline keel is preserved despite crushing) and dorsal (B) views. NHMUK R 811 b, crushed ilium (part of the holotype of I. hollingtoniensis) in lateral (C) and medial (D) views. Note the deep, narrow preacetabular process with a low curved medial ridge, the flat iliac blade with a narrow dorsal edge and that the ventral postacetabular margin is indented and curves upward away from the ischial peduncle. Abbreviations: k – keel on ventral surface of the sacrum; mr – low, curved ridge on the medial surface of the preacetabular process; nc – floor of canal for the spinal cord; nde – narrow dorsal edge to the ilium; prp – preacetabular process; sr – fragments of the sacral ribs. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195579/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">8</figureCitation>
|
||
). A summary by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4226FFF5FB81FE51DA4987E2" author="Lydekker" box="[1066,1288,413,439]" pageId="12" pageNumber="65" refString="Lydekker, R. (1890 a) Contributions to our knowledge of the dinosaurs of the Wealden and the sauropterygians of the Purbeck and Oxford Clay. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 46, 36 - 53." type="journal article" year="1890" yearSuffix="a">Lydekker (1890a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
of this new taxonomic assessment included illustrations of various “iliac
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BA882C4226FFF5FC03FE0EDCAF8789" box="[936,1006,450,476]" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">types</typeStatus>
|
||
” that were intended to draw clear distinctions between new and established iguanodontian taxa. Unfortunately the ilium of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4226FFF5FB6FFE24DADD8454" box="[1220,1436,488,513]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hollingtoniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4226FFF5FB6FFE24DADD8454" box="[1220,1436,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">I. hollingtoniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that was illustrated was that of NHMUK R1636 (not the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BA882C4226FFF5FC86FDC1DCD58472" box="[813,916,525,551]" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
as claimed in the text:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4226FFF5FB0AFDC1DA228472" author="Lydekker" box="[1185,1379,525,551]" pageId="12" pageNumber="65" refString="Lydekker, R. (1890 a) Contributions to our knowledge of the dinosaurs of the Wealden and the sauropterygians of the Purbeck and Oxford Clay. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 46, 36 - 53." type="journal article" year="1890" yearSuffix="a">Lydekker 1890a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 42).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7E66064226FFF5FF3CF9FFDCDB809E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195578/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" targetBox="[449,1135,624,1554]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E4226FFF5FF3CF9FFDCDB809E" blockId="12.[151,1437,1587,1739]" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4226FFF5FF3CF9FFDE5D801E" bold="true" box="[151,284,1587,1611]" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4226FFF5FE88F9F8DD8C801E" authority="Lydekker, 1889" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1889" box="[291,717,1588,1611]" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4226FFF5FE88F9F8DD48801E" box="[291,521,1588,1611]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">Hypselospinus fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
(Lydekker, 1889)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24657E74226FFF5FD7FF9F8DC0C801E" box="[724,845,1588,1611]" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
NHMUK R1148, referred specimen. The right femur, illustrated as part of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4226FFF5FD87F998DB51803E" authority="Lydekker, 1889" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1889" box="[556,1040,1620,1643]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hollingtoniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4226FFF5FD87F998DC1B803E" box="[556,858,1620,1643]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">Iguanodon hollingtoniensis</emphasis>
|
||
Lydekker, 1889
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A. Anterior view. B. Anteromedial view. Abbreviations: aig – anterior intercondylar groove almost occluded by shoulders developed from the distal articular condyles; at – anterior trochanter; 4t – fourth trochanter and associated muscles scars associated with the caudifemoral complex. Broken surfaces are indicated by cross-hatching.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E4226FFF4FF6DF938DD0D8712" blockId="12.[151,1437,1780,2030]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1436,152,327]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">
|
||
In summary, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BA882C4226FFF5FE1BF938DD57815B" box="[432,534,1780,1806]" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
material attributed to the taxa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4226FFF5FC63F938DB728158" box="[968,1075,1780,1805]" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4226FFF5FC63F938DB728158" box="[968,1075,1780,1805]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">I. fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4226FFF5FB2FF938DA258158" box="[1156,1380,1780,1805]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hollingtoniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4226FFF5FB2FF938DA258158" box="[1156,1380,1780,1805]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">I. hollingtoniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are indistinguishable. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BA882C4226FFF5FE07F8D5DEA18166" box="[428,480,1817,1843]" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material attributed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4226FFF5FD45F8D5DC118167" box="[750,848,1817,1842]" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4226FFF5FD45F8D5DC118167" box="[750,848,1817,1842]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">I. fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
establishes the species and takes priority over
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4226FFF5FA20F8D5DE12810D" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hollingtoniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4226FFF5FA20F8D5DE12810D" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">I. hollingtoniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by virtue of the sequence in which these two taxa appear in print; therefore, the latter species becomes a junior subjective synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4226FFF5FD3EF8A8DDBA8128" box="[661,763,1892,1917]" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4226FFF5FD3EF8A8DDBA8128" box="[661,763,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">I. fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The material that is attributed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4226FFF5FB0CF8A8DA3E8128" box="[1191,1407,1892,1917]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4226FFF5FB0CF8A8DA3E8128" box="[1191,1407,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">Iguanodon fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is renamed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4226FFF5FEA2F845DDAE81F6" authority="Lydekker, 1889" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1889" box="[265,751,1929,1955]" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4226FFF5FEA2F845DD5181F7" box="[265,528,1929,1954]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">Hypselospinus fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4226FFF5FD8AF845DDA781F6" author="Lydekker" box="[545,742,1929,1955]" pageId="12" pageNumber="65" refString="Lydekker, R. (1889) Notes on new and other dinosaur remains. Geological Magazine, VI, 352 - 356." type="book chapter" year="1889">Lydekker, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24657E74226FFF5FD53F845DCC581F6" box="[760,900,1929,1955]" pageId="12" pageNumber="59">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, based on the diagnosis provided above; in totality, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BA882C4226FFF5FE8FF863DECD819C" box="[292,396,1967,1993]" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and referred material represents the major part of the skeleton of an intermediate-sized styracosternan iguanodontian (Norman in preparation). The combination of the unusual form of the vertebral column, specialisations of the pelvic girdle and robust structure of the forelimb and manus, as well as the distinctive pattern of ridging on the enamelled surface of the crowns (below), serve to distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4227FFF4FA9BFF71DADD8683" box="[1328,1436,189,214]" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4227FFF4FA9BFF71DADD8683" box="[1328,1436,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="60">H. fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clearly and unambiguously from the other contemporary species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4227FFF4FC04FF2EDB7586AE" box="[943,1076,226,251]" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Barilium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4227FFF4FC04FF2EDB7586AE" box="[943,1076,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="60">B. dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) as well as the iguanodontian species that are known from younger horizons (Weald Clay Formation, Hauterivian–Lower Aptian) within the Wealden Group of southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F316761E4227FFF4FE49FEE1DD098712" box="[482,584,301,327]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="13" pageNumber="60">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7E66064227FFF4FF3CFBAEDB73830C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195579/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="60" targetBox="[214,1383,387,1074]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E4227FFF4FF3CFBAEDB73830C" blockId="13.[151,1437,1122,1369]" pageId="13" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4227FFF4FF3CFBAEDE58822F" bold="true" box="[151,281,1122,1146]" pageId="13" pageNumber="60">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4227FFF4FEB4FBAEDD81822C" authority="Lydekker, 1889" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1889" box="[287,704,1122,1145]" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4227FFF4FEB4FBAEDD40822C" box="[287,513,1122,1145]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="60">Hypselospinus fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
(Lydekker, 1889)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24657E74227FFF4FD6DFBAEDC7C822C" box="[710,829,1122,1145]" pageId="13" pageNumber="60">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Referred material. NHMUK R811, crushed sacrum (part of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4227FFF4FEF7FB4EDDC182CC" box="[348,640,1154,1177]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="13" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hollingtoniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4227FFF4FEF7FB4EDDC182CC" box="[348,640,1154,1177]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="60">Iguanodon hollingtoniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in ventral (A; note remains of midline keel is preserved despite crushing) and dorsal (B) views. NHMUK R811b, crushed ilium (part of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4227FFF4FBA9FB6EDB8A82EC" box="[1026,1227,1186,1209]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="13" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hollingtoniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4227FFF4FBA9FB6EDB8A82EC" box="[1026,1227,1186,1209]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="60">I. hollingtoniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in lateral (C) and medial (D) views. Note the deep, narrow preacetabular process with a low curved medial ridge, the flat iliac blade with a narrow dorsal edge and that the ventral postacetabular margin is indented and curves upward away from the ischial peduncle. Abbreviations: k – keel on ventral surface of the sacrum; mr – low, curved ridge on the medial surface of the preacetabular process; nc – floor of canal for the spinal cord; nde – narrow dorsal edge to the ilium; prp – preacetabular process; sr – fragments of the sacral ribs. Broken surfaces indicated by cross-hatching.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E4227FFF4FF6DFA4EDEBC8002" blockId="13.[151,1437,1410,2033]" pageId="13" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4227FFF4FF6DFA4EDE9C83C9" bold="true" box="[198,477,1410,1436]" pageId="13" pageNumber="60">Anatomical discussion</emphasis>
|
||
. Axial skeleton. The neural spines of the dorsal, sacral and proximal caudal series of vertebrae are very striking because of their oblique, narrow and elongate form (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B4227FFF4FBF1FA6BDBE08394" box="[1114,1185,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,254,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[222,1356,371,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[222,1365,371,1927]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. NHMUK R 604, referred specimen. A, B. Anterior – mid dorsal vertebra in left lateral and anterior views respectively. C. Anterior caudal vertebra in left lateral view. Abbreviations: cr – caudal rib; dia – diapophysis; em – everted articular margin of the centrum; hf – haemal arch (chevron) facet; par – parapophysis; poz – postzygapophysis; prz – prezygapophysis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195580/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="60">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cervical and dorsal centra have the shape of low cylinders, with notably thickened articular margins (em); viewed laterally, the cervicodorsal vertebral centra are tilted posteriorly, while proximal caudal centra are strongly anteroposteriorly compressed and have a vertical, rather than tilted, orientation, even though their neural spines are inclined posteriorly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E4227FFF4FF6DF9AEDC018109" blockId="13.[151,1437,1410,2033]" pageId="13" pageNumber="60">
|
||
Appendicular skeleton. The forelimb (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4227FFF4FD23F9AEDC3E8029" author="Owen" box="[648,895,1634,1660]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" refString="Owen, R. (1872) Monograph of the Fossil Reptilia of the Wealden and Purbeck Formations. Supplement IV. Dinosauria (Iguanodon). Palaeontographical Society Monographs, XXV, 1 - 15." type="book chapter" year="1872">Owen 1872: pl. I–III</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and shoulder girdle are remarkably powerful and robust, and show evidence of partial fusion, some of which may have a pathological origin. The manus and carpus display fusion of components and also bear a very large, transversely compressed (triangular in lateral aspect) and very robust pollex ungual (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4227FFF4FD66F91EDC2080B9" author="Owen" box="[717,865,1746,1772]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" refString="Owen, R. (1872) Monograph of the Fossil Reptilia of the Wealden and Purbeck Formations. Supplement IV. Dinosauria (Iguanodon). Palaeontographical Society Monographs, XXV, 1 - 15." type="book chapter" year="1872">Owen 1872</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4227FFF4FCC5F91EDB5B80B9" author="Norman" box="[878,1050,1746,1772]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65" refString="Norman, D. B. (1977) On the anatomy of the ornithischian dinosaur Iguanodon. Unpublished PhD thesis, King's College London, 631 pp." type="book" year="1977">Norman 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in preparation). Sternal plates appear to be fused in the midline in at least one example (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4227FFF4FCD9F93BDBA68144" author="Norman" box="[882,1255,1783,1809]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65" refString="Norman, D. B. (1977) On the anatomy of the ornithischian dinosaur Iguanodon. Unpublished PhD thesis, King's College London, 631 pp." type="book" year="1977">Norman 1977, in preparation</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The femur is relatively stout and bowed, and has a thick, pillar-like, anterior trochanter; there is also a narrow dorsal exposure for the cylindrical anterior intercondylar groove.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E4227FFF6FF6DF8ABDBEC8419" blockId="13.[151,1437,1410,2033]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1437,152,2007]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="13" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4227FFF4FF6DF8ABDD5E81D4" bold="true" box="[198,543,1895,1921]" pageId="13" pageNumber="60">A note on NHMUK R1831.</emphasis>
|
||
A right dentary (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4227FFF4FD5BF8ABDBA481D4" author="Owen" box="[752,1253,1895,1921]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" refString="Owen, R. (1874) Monograph of the Fossil Reptilia of the Wealden and Purbeck Formations. Supplement V. Dinosauria (Iguanodon). Palaeontographical Society Monographs, XXVII, 1 - 18." type="book chapter" year="1874">
|
||
Owen 1874: pl. 1, fig. 1; see
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B4227FFF4FBF9F8ABDBED81D4" box="[1106,1196,1895,1921]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[252,1332,391,1636]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[236,1350,377,1644]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. Referred material. NHMUK R 1831, right dentary. A. Medial view, reproduced from Owen (1874: pl. 1, fig. 1). B. Medial view, sketch drawing taken from the original dentary (December 2009). C. The ‘ Brickenden jaw’ (NHMUK 28660). Sketch (November 2009) in medial view for comparison with NHMUK R 1831 (above). This is the right dentary of a large iguanodontian of robust build (attribution unconfirmed at present but it may prove to be attributable to B. dawsoni – Norman in preparation) collected by Col. Brickenden from a quarry near Cuckfield, Sussex. Abbreviations: am – level of alveolar margin; at – ‘ anomalous tooth’ (no longer associated with the jaw); br – extensively broken and crushed dorsal portion of the dentary ramus; ds – dentary-dentary symphysis; m – matrix infill of the Meckelian canal, the medial surface of the postdentary bones and the alveoli; mgr – Meckel’s groove; mt – matrix and tooth crown removed since the lithograph was prepared; pr – ‘ prong’ at the anterior end of the dentary ramus that locks against the lateral surface of the median ventral flap of the predentary; sh. alv – large area of the posterior alveolar shelf that has been sheared away post-mortem." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195581/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="60">Figs 10</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in the Samuel Husbands Beckles Collection is nearly complete in overall length, but very badly fractured and crushed. All of the functional dentition has also been broken away and many of the replacement crowns, notably at the anterior of the series, have also been lost by crushing and breakage. In medial view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B4227FFF4FBD0F81BDB8E81A4" box="[1147,1231,2007,2033]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[252,1332,391,1636]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[236,1350,377,1644]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. Referred material. NHMUK R 1831, right dentary. A. Medial view, reproduced from Owen (1874: pl. 1, fig. 1). B. Medial view, sketch drawing taken from the original dentary (December 2009). C. The ‘ Brickenden jaw’ (NHMUK 28660). Sketch (November 2009) in medial view for comparison with NHMUK R 1831 (above). This is the right dentary of a large iguanodontian of robust build (attribution unconfirmed at present but it may prove to be attributable to B. dawsoni – Norman in preparation) collected by Col. Brickenden from a quarry near Cuckfield, Sussex. Abbreviations: am – level of alveolar margin; at – ‘ anomalous tooth’ (no longer associated with the jaw); br – extensively broken and crushed dorsal portion of the dentary ramus; ds – dentary-dentary symphysis; m – matrix infill of the Meckelian canal, the medial surface of the postdentary bones and the alveoli; mgr – Meckel’s groove; mt – matrix and tooth crown removed since the lithograph was prepared; pr – ‘ prong’ at the anterior end of the dentary ramus that locks against the lateral surface of the median ventral flap of the predentary; sh. alv – large area of the posterior alveolar shelf that has been sheared away post-mortem." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195581/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="60">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B) the dentary symphysis (ds), though much broken, can be judged to have been essentially horizontal; there is a horizontal slot-and-lip toward its posterior end that formed part of the interlocking junction between adjacent dentaries. Farther anteriorly (beyond and just lateral to the symphyseal region), there is a short, finger-like projection (pr) that would have abutted the lateral edge of the mid-section at the root of the posteriorly bifid predentary flap; the lateral surface of the projection is smooth and forms a lip-like structure that curves posterodorsally leading to a compressed edge that backed on to the lateral, occlusal portion, of the predentary. After a short, smooth edge this surface becomes badly broken and irregular and the next third of the upper portion of the dentary ramus is eroded and broken away – indeed the great majority of the dorsal edge of the dentary is sheared off (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B4225FFF6FE99FEC4DECD8777" box="[306,396,264,290]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[252,1332,391,1636]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[236,1350,377,1644]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. Referred material. NHMUK R 1831, right dentary. A. Medial view, reproduced from Owen (1874: pl. 1, fig. 1). B. Medial view, sketch drawing taken from the original dentary (December 2009). C. The ‘ Brickenden jaw’ (NHMUK 28660). Sketch (November 2009) in medial view for comparison with NHMUK R 1831 (above). This is the right dentary of a large iguanodontian of robust build (attribution unconfirmed at present but it may prove to be attributable to B. dawsoni – Norman in preparation) collected by Col. Brickenden from a quarry near Cuckfield, Sussex. Abbreviations: am – level of alveolar margin; at – ‘ anomalous tooth’ (no longer associated with the jaw); br – extensively broken and crushed dorsal portion of the dentary ramus; ds – dentary-dentary symphysis; m – matrix infill of the Meckelian canal, the medial surface of the postdentary bones and the alveoli; mgr – Meckel’s groove; mt – matrix and tooth crown removed since the lithograph was prepared; pr – ‘ prong’ at the anterior end of the dentary ramus that locks against the lateral surface of the median ventral flap of the predentary; sh. alv – large area of the posterior alveolar shelf that has been sheared away post-mortem." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195581/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
B, br) with the consequent loss of the upper worn teeth, leaving some of the unworn replacement crowns located more posteriorly and ventrally within the dental ‘magazine’. The only remnant of the dorsal scalloped, and therefore true, alveolar margin (am) is preserved at the extreme posterior end of the preserved part of the dentition (even the coronoid process has been sheared off and re-adhered in an unnatural position – it is clear that preparation of the material subsequent to completion of the lithograph has taken place resulting in the removal of sediment and a dentary crown adhering to the coronoid process;
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B4225FFF6FB6AFE0EDA558789" box="[1217,1300,450,476]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[252,1332,391,1636]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[236,1350,377,1644]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. Referred material. NHMUK R 1831, right dentary. A. Medial view, reproduced from Owen (1874: pl. 1, fig. 1). B. Medial view, sketch drawing taken from the original dentary (December 2009). C. The ‘ Brickenden jaw’ (NHMUK 28660). Sketch (November 2009) in medial view for comparison with NHMUK R 1831 (above). This is the right dentary of a large iguanodontian of robust build (attribution unconfirmed at present but it may prove to be attributable to B. dawsoni – Norman in preparation) collected by Col. Brickenden from a quarry near Cuckfield, Sussex. Abbreviations: am – level of alveolar margin; at – ‘ anomalous tooth’ (no longer associated with the jaw); br – extensively broken and crushed dorsal portion of the dentary ramus; ds – dentary-dentary symphysis; m – matrix infill of the Meckelian canal, the medial surface of the postdentary bones and the alveoli; mgr – Meckel’s groove; mt – matrix and tooth crown removed since the lithograph was prepared; pr – ‘ prong’ at the anterior end of the dentary ramus that locks against the lateral surface of the median ventral flap of the predentary; sh. alv – large area of the posterior alveolar shelf that has been sheared away post-mortem." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195581/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
A, mt). The lateral surface of the dentary is very crazed and crushed; the outline of three alveolar scallops indicates the true position of the upper margin of the dentary and indicates that the dentary (despite appearances to the contrary) was deep and robust, in addition to being reasonably straight (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B4225FFF6FBA5FDFEDB278419" box="[1038,1126,562,588]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[252,1332,391,1636]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[236,1350,377,1644]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. Referred material. NHMUK R 1831, right dentary. A. Medial view, reproduced from Owen (1874: pl. 1, fig. 1). B. Medial view, sketch drawing taken from the original dentary (December 2009). C. The ‘ Brickenden jaw’ (NHMUK 28660). Sketch (November 2009) in medial view for comparison with NHMUK R 1831 (above). This is the right dentary of a large iguanodontian of robust build (attribution unconfirmed at present but it may prove to be attributable to B. dawsoni – Norman in preparation) collected by Col. Brickenden from a quarry near Cuckfield, Sussex. Abbreviations: am – level of alveolar margin; at – ‘ anomalous tooth’ (no longer associated with the jaw); br – extensively broken and crushed dorsal portion of the dentary ramus; ds – dentary-dentary symphysis; m – matrix infill of the Meckelian canal, the medial surface of the postdentary bones and the alveoli; mgr – Meckel’s groove; mt – matrix and tooth crown removed since the lithograph was prepared; pr – ‘ prong’ at the anterior end of the dentary ramus that locks against the lateral surface of the median ventral flap of the predentary; sh. alv – large area of the posterior alveolar shelf that has been sheared away post-mortem." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195581/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">Figs 10</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7E66064224FFF7FF3CF8B2DB6281A0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195580/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" targetBox="[222,1356,371,1917]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E4224FFF7FF3CF8B2DB6281A0" blockId="14.[151,1437,1918,2037]" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4224FFF7FF3CF8B2DE5B81C3" bold="true" box="[151,282,1918,1942]" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D4224FFF7FE8AF8B2DD8281C0" authority="(Lydekker, 1889)" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1889" baseAuthorityName="Lydekker" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[289,707,1918,1941]" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C4224FFF7FE8AF8B2DD4381C0" box="[289,514,1918,1941]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Hypselospinus fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
(Lydekker, 1889)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24657E74224FFF7FD61F8B2DC0081C0" box="[714,833,1918,1941]" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
NHMUK R604, referred specimen. A, B. Anterior–mid dorsal vertebra in left lateral and anterior views respectively. C. Anterior caudal vertebra in left lateral view. Abbreviations: cr – caudal rib; dia – diapophysis; em – everted articular margin of the centrum; hf –haemal arch (chevron) facet; par – parapophysis; poz – postzygapophysis; prz – prezygapophysis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E4225FFF6FF6DFD94DDEA8522" blockId="15.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">
|
||
The upper portion of the coronoid process only is preserved, but has been glued to the adjacent part of the dentary.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F316761E4225FFF6FF50FDB1DE5A84C2" box="[251,283,637,663]" name="American Samoa" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
a result, the coronoid process (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B4225FFF6FD2EFDB1DD9B84C2" box="[645,730,637,663]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[252,1332,391,1636]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[236,1350,377,1644]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. Referred material. NHMUK R 1831, right dentary. A. Medial view, reproduced from Owen (1874: pl. 1, fig. 1). B. Medial view, sketch drawing taken from the original dentary (December 2009). C. The ‘ Brickenden jaw’ (NHMUK 28660). Sketch (November 2009) in medial view for comparison with NHMUK R 1831 (above). This is the right dentary of a large iguanodontian of robust build (attribution unconfirmed at present but it may prove to be attributable to B. dawsoni – Norman in preparation) collected by Col. Brickenden from a quarry near Cuckfield, Sussex. Abbreviations: am – level of alveolar margin; at – ‘ anomalous tooth’ (no longer associated with the jaw); br – extensively broken and crushed dorsal portion of the dentary ramus; ds – dentary-dentary symphysis; m – matrix infill of the Meckelian canal, the medial surface of the postdentary bones and the alveoli; mgr – Meckel’s groove; mt – matrix and tooth crown removed since the lithograph was prepared; pr – ‘ prong’ at the anterior end of the dentary ramus that locks against the lateral surface of the median ventral flap of the predentary; sh. alv – large area of the posterior alveolar shelf that has been sheared away post-mortem." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195581/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
B) appears to be both shorter and more oblique than it would have been in its natural (and complete) condition. It seems that the friable condition of all the material collected meant that the specimen was very unstable at the time it was excavated and needed urgent and not necessarily expert on-site conservation/preparation. Medially, the dentary ramus displays a matrix-filled Meckelian fossa that becomes shallow and forms an indented horizontal groove (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B4225FFF6FBE2FCDEDBDD8579" box="[1097,1180,786,812]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[252,1332,391,1636]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[236,1350,377,1644]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. Referred material. NHMUK R 1831, right dentary. A. Medial view, reproduced from Owen (1874: pl. 1, fig. 1). B. Medial view, sketch drawing taken from the original dentary (December 2009). C. The ‘ Brickenden jaw’ (NHMUK 28660). Sketch (November 2009) in medial view for comparison with NHMUK R 1831 (above). This is the right dentary of a large iguanodontian of robust build (attribution unconfirmed at present but it may prove to be attributable to B. dawsoni – Norman in preparation) collected by Col. Brickenden from a quarry near Cuckfield, Sussex. Abbreviations: am – level of alveolar margin; at – ‘ anomalous tooth’ (no longer associated with the jaw); br – extensively broken and crushed dorsal portion of the dentary ramus; ds – dentary-dentary symphysis; m – matrix infill of the Meckelian canal, the medial surface of the postdentary bones and the alveoli; mgr – Meckel’s groove; mt – matrix and tooth crown removed since the lithograph was prepared; pr – ‘ prong’ at the anterior end of the dentary ramus that locks against the lateral surface of the median ventral flap of the predentary; sh. alv – large area of the posterior alveolar shelf that has been sheared away post-mortem." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195581/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B, mgr) anteriorly; part of the sutural surface for the splenial is still preserved above the Meckelian groove on the medial wall of the dentary shelf that supported the dentition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E4225FFF6FF6DFC4EDE138292" blockId="15.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Form of the dentary and the ‘diastema’. In the lithograph provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4225FFF6FBA0FC4EDF9A8597" author="Owen" pageId="15" pageNumber="66" refString="Owen, R. (1874) Monograph of the Fossil Reptilia of the Wealden and Purbeck Formations. Supplement V. Dinosauria (Iguanodon). Palaeontographical Society Monographs, XXVII, 1 - 18." type="book chapter" year="1874">
|
||
Owen (1874: pl. I, fig. 1; see
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B4225FFF6FAC6FC4EDFF68597" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[252,1332,391,1636]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[236,1350,377,1644]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. Referred material. NHMUK R 1831, right dentary. A. Medial view, reproduced from Owen (1874: pl. 1, fig. 1). B. Medial view, sketch drawing taken from the original dentary (December 2009). C. The ‘ Brickenden jaw’ (NHMUK 28660). Sketch (November 2009) in medial view for comparison with NHMUK R 1831 (above). This is the right dentary of a large iguanodontian of robust build (attribution unconfirmed at present but it may prove to be attributable to B. dawsoni – Norman in preparation) collected by Col. Brickenden from a quarry near Cuckfield, Sussex. Abbreviations: am – level of alveolar margin; at – ‘ anomalous tooth’ (no longer associated with the jaw); br – extensively broken and crushed dorsal portion of the dentary ramus; ds – dentary-dentary symphysis; m – matrix infill of the Meckelian canal, the medial surface of the postdentary bones and the alveoli; mgr – Meckel’s groove; mt – matrix and tooth crown removed since the lithograph was prepared; pr – ‘ prong’ at the anterior end of the dentary ramus that locks against the lateral surface of the median ventral flap of the predentary; sh. alv – large area of the posterior alveolar shelf that has been sheared away post-mortem." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195581/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
A)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the form of the majority of the dentition is accurately illustrated; however, a small and clearly anomalous crown and root are shown projecting obliquely from the dentary adjacent to the most anterior securely embedded successional crown. This small tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B4225FFF6FCF0FC3EDCF38259" box="[859,946,1010,1036]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[252,1332,391,1636]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[236,1350,377,1644]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. Referred material. NHMUK R 1831, right dentary. A. Medial view, reproduced from Owen (1874: pl. 1, fig. 1). B. Medial view, sketch drawing taken from the original dentary (December 2009). C. The ‘ Brickenden jaw’ (NHMUK 28660). Sketch (November 2009) in medial view for comparison with NHMUK R 1831 (above). This is the right dentary of a large iguanodontian of robust build (attribution unconfirmed at present but it may prove to be attributable to B. dawsoni – Norman in preparation) collected by Col. Brickenden from a quarry near Cuckfield, Sussex. Abbreviations: am – level of alveolar margin; at – ‘ anomalous tooth’ (no longer associated with the jaw); br – extensively broken and crushed dorsal portion of the dentary ramus; ds – dentary-dentary symphysis; m – matrix infill of the Meckelian canal, the medial surface of the postdentary bones and the alveoli; mgr – Meckel’s groove; mt – matrix and tooth crown removed since the lithograph was prepared; pr – ‘ prong’ at the anterior end of the dentary ramus that locks against the lateral surface of the median ventral flap of the predentary; sh. alv – large area of the posterior alveolar shelf that has been sheared away post-mortem." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195581/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
A, at) is anomalous both in position and form; it appears to have no legitimate association with this jaw in this position, although it might have been found loose in sediments nearby (coming, as it may well have done, from closer to the anterior end of the magazine). When this lower jaw was re-examined and described (by the author) in the mid 1970s no trace of this anomalous tooth (or of the crown illustrated in the lithograph adhering to the side of the coronoid process) was discovered.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E4225FFF6FF6EFB1EDDED83D7" blockId="15.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Without looking at the original material it would be easy to draw the mistaken conclusion from the illustration in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4225FFF6FE90FB34DE978347" author="Owen" box="[315,470,1272,1298]" pageId="15" pageNumber="66" refString="Owen, R. (1874) Monograph of the Fossil Reptilia of the Wealden and Purbeck Formations. Supplement V. Dinosauria (Iguanodon). Palaeontographical Society Monographs, XXVII, 1 - 18." type="book chapter" year="1874">Owen (1874)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
that this tooth indicates the approximate position of the anterior limit to the dental magazine and that the jaw has, as a consequence, a very substantial ‘diastema’ (viz.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4225FFF6FBD7FAD1DBB68362" author="Paul" box="[1148,1271,1309,1335]" pageId="15" pageNumber="66" refString="Paul, G. S. (2008) A revised taxonomy of the iguanodont dinosaur genera and species. Cretaceous Research, 29, 192 - 216." type="journal article" year="2008">Paul 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The original illustration (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B7F4225FFF6FE8DFA8EDD198309" author="Owen" box="[294,600,1346,1372]" pageId="15" pageNumber="66" refString="Owen, R. (1874) Monograph of the Fossil Reptilia of the Wealden and Purbeck Formations. Supplement V. Dinosauria (Iguanodon). Palaeontographical Society Monographs, XXVII, 1 - 18." type="book chapter" year="1874">
|
||
Owen 1874: see
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B4225FFF6FE46FA8EDD008309" box="[493,577,1346,1372]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[252,1332,391,1636]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[236,1350,377,1644]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. Referred material. NHMUK R 1831, right dentary. A. Medial view, reproduced from Owen (1874: pl. 1, fig. 1). B. Medial view, sketch drawing taken from the original dentary (December 2009). C. The ‘ Brickenden jaw’ (NHMUK 28660). Sketch (November 2009) in medial view for comparison with NHMUK R 1831 (above). This is the right dentary of a large iguanodontian of robust build (attribution unconfirmed at present but it may prove to be attributable to B. dawsoni – Norman in preparation) collected by Col. Brickenden from a quarry near Cuckfield, Sussex. Abbreviations: am – level of alveolar margin; at – ‘ anomalous tooth’ (no longer associated with the jaw); br – extensively broken and crushed dorsal portion of the dentary ramus; ds – dentary-dentary symphysis; m – matrix infill of the Meckelian canal, the medial surface of the postdentary bones and the alveoli; mgr – Meckel’s groove; mt – matrix and tooth crown removed since the lithograph was prepared; pr – ‘ prong’ at the anterior end of the dentary ramus that locks against the lateral surface of the median ventral flap of the predentary; sh. alv – large area of the posterior alveolar shelf that has been sheared away post-mortem." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195581/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
A
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) reflects, uncritically, the remodelling that was done to this fragile and crushed specimen after it was first excavated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E4225FFF6FF6EFA41DEF08069" blockId="15.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">
|
||
General and comparative comments. In general shape and proportions NHMUK R1831 resembles that of the ‘Brickenden jaw’ (NHMUK 28660,
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B4225FFF6FDDBFA7EDD828399" box="[624,707,1458,1484]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[252,1332,391,1636]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[236,1350,377,1644]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. Referred material. NHMUK R 1831, right dentary. A. Medial view, reproduced from Owen (1874: pl. 1, fig. 1). B. Medial view, sketch drawing taken from the original dentary (December 2009). C. The ‘ Brickenden jaw’ (NHMUK 28660). Sketch (November 2009) in medial view for comparison with NHMUK R 1831 (above). This is the right dentary of a large iguanodontian of robust build (attribution unconfirmed at present but it may prove to be attributable to B. dawsoni – Norman in preparation) collected by Col. Brickenden from a quarry near Cuckfield, Sussex. Abbreviations: am – level of alveolar margin; at – ‘ anomalous tooth’ (no longer associated with the jaw); br – extensively broken and crushed dorsal portion of the dentary ramus; ds – dentary-dentary symphysis; m – matrix infill of the Meckelian canal, the medial surface of the postdentary bones and the alveoli; mgr – Meckel’s groove; mt – matrix and tooth crown removed since the lithograph was prepared; pr – ‘ prong’ at the anterior end of the dentary ramus that locks against the lateral surface of the median ventral flap of the predentary; sh. alv – large area of the posterior alveolar shelf that has been sheared away post-mortem." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195581/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
C) in the Mantell Collection. NHMUK 28660 is preserved ‘in the round’ and has suffered far less from general crushing and breakage than NHMUK R1831 – even though a large portion of its posterior dental shelf, anteromedial to the base of the coronoid process, has been sheared away (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B4225FFF6FF4FF9EEDE788069" box="[228,313,1570,1596]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[252,1332,391,1636]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[236,1350,377,1644]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. Referred material. NHMUK R 1831, right dentary. A. Medial view, reproduced from Owen (1874: pl. 1, fig. 1). B. Medial view, sketch drawing taken from the original dentary (December 2009). C. The ‘ Brickenden jaw’ (NHMUK 28660). Sketch (November 2009) in medial view for comparison with NHMUK R 1831 (above). This is the right dentary of a large iguanodontian of robust build (attribution unconfirmed at present but it may prove to be attributable to B. dawsoni – Norman in preparation) collected by Col. Brickenden from a quarry near Cuckfield, Sussex. Abbreviations: am – level of alveolar margin; at – ‘ anomalous tooth’ (no longer associated with the jaw); br – extensively broken and crushed dorsal portion of the dentary ramus; ds – dentary-dentary symphysis; m – matrix infill of the Meckelian canal, the medial surface of the postdentary bones and the alveoli; mgr – Meckel’s groove; mt – matrix and tooth crown removed since the lithograph was prepared; pr – ‘ prong’ at the anterior end of the dentary ramus that locks against the lateral surface of the median ventral flap of the predentary; sh. alv – large area of the posterior alveolar shelf that has been sheared away post-mortem." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195581/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
C, sh.alv).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E4225FFE8FF6EF984DB908682" blockId="15.[151,1437,152,2007]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1436,152,290]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">
|
||
The crowns, or remnants of crowns, of 15 teeth are preserved in varying states of eruption in NHMUK R1831 (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A0B4225FFF6FE8DF9A1DE3D80D2" box="[294,380,1645,1671]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[252,1332,391,1636]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[236,1350,377,1644]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. Referred material. NHMUK R 1831, right dentary. A. Medial view, reproduced from Owen (1874: pl. 1, fig. 1). B. Medial view, sketch drawing taken from the original dentary (December 2009). C. The ‘ Brickenden jaw’ (NHMUK 28660). Sketch (November 2009) in medial view for comparison with NHMUK R 1831 (above). This is the right dentary of a large iguanodontian of robust build (attribution unconfirmed at present but it may prove to be attributable to B. dawsoni – Norman in preparation) collected by Col. Brickenden from a quarry near Cuckfield, Sussex. Abbreviations: am – level of alveolar margin; at – ‘ anomalous tooth’ (no longer associated with the jaw); br – extensively broken and crushed dorsal portion of the dentary ramus; ds – dentary-dentary symphysis; m – matrix infill of the Meckelian canal, the medial surface of the postdentary bones and the alveoli; mgr – Meckel’s groove; mt – matrix and tooth crown removed since the lithograph was prepared; pr – ‘ prong’ at the anterior end of the dentary ramus that locks against the lateral surface of the median ventral flap of the predentary; sh. alv – large area of the posterior alveolar shelf that has been sheared away post-mortem." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195581/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B); none are part of the occlusal dentition, indicating significant loss/breakage across the upper portion of the dental magazine. In medial (= lingual, in terms of tooth orientation) view the enamelled faces of the crowns are slightly recurved, broad and lozenge-shaped, and fringed by curved, tongue-like marginal denticles forming oblique ledges that run around leading and trailing edges of the crown; the ledges formed by these denticles are irregularly mammillated. The base of the distal margin of the crown appears (as is the case in many known basal styracosternan iguanodontians) to have been inrolled to create a narrow ‘cingulum’ that is oriented obliquely toward the root (judged by the form of the broken base of one, potentially functional, tooth). The enamelled lingual face is dominated by a distally off-set primary ridge that is well-formed and has a distinctly flattened (truncated) ridge apex in the better preserved examples (Norman in press). In the more posteriorly positioned crowns within the ‘magazine’ there is a low, and indistinct, mesially positioned secondary ‘ridge’ or swelling that lies parallel to the primary one and divides the crown into two vertical and shallow troughs (with a third present between the primary ridge and the distal crown margin). The upper mesial rim of the enamelled face is marked by an array of parallel ridges that descend across the crown surface, starting off as buttressing ridges to the cusps from which they originate; most gradually merge with the crown surface ventrally, but some of the more apically positioned ones form longer ‘strand-like’ ridges of enamel that meander along or run parallel to the secondary ‘ridge’. This combination of characters appears to be generally typical of many Hastings Sub-Group iguanodontian teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7E6606423AFFE9FF3CF94ADC82818B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195581/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" targetBox="[252,1332,391,1636]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E423AFFE9FF3CF94ADC82818B" blockId="16.[151,1436,1670,2014]" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C423AFFE9FF3CF94ADE6680CB" bold="true" box="[151,295,1670,1694]" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D423AFFE9FE84F94BDD9780CB" authority="(Lydekker, 1889)" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1889" baseAuthorityName="Lydekker" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[303,726,1671,1694]" genus="Hypselospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fittoni" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C423AFFE9FE84F94BDD5280CB" box="[303,531,1671,1694]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">Hypselospinus fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
(Lydekker, 1889)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24657E7423AFFE9FD76F94BDC1480CB" box="[733,853,1671,1694]" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Referred material. NHMUK R1831, right dentary. A. Medial view, reproduced from Owen (1874: pl.1, fig. 1). B. Medial view, sketch drawing taken from the original dentary (December 2009). C. The ‘Brickenden jaw’ (NHMUK 28660). Sketch (November 2009) in medial view for comparison with NHMUK R1831 (above). This is the right dentary of a large iguanodontian of robust build (attribution unconfirmed at present but it may prove to be attributable to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D0D423AFFE9FD3FF8CBDC4A814B" box="[660,779,1799,1822]" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Barilium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EA9C423AFFE9FD3FF8CBDC4A814B" box="[660,779,1799,1822]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">B. dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– Norman in preparation) collected by Col. Brickenden from a quarry near Cuckfield, Sussex. Abbreviations: am – level of alveolar margin; at – ‘anomalous tooth’ (no longer associated with the jaw); br – extensively broken and crushed dorsal portion of the dentary ramus; ds – dentary-dentary symphysis; m – matrix infill of the Meckelian canal, the medial surface of the postdentary bones and the alveoli; mgr – Meckel’s groove; mt – matrix and tooth crown removed since the lithograph was prepared; pr – ‘prong’ at the anterior end of the dentary ramus that locks against the lateral surface of the median ventral flap of the predentary; sh. alv – large area of the posterior alveolar shelf that has been sheared away post-mortem.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE368E423BFFE8FF6EFF2EDCFA8777" blockId="17.[151,1436,152,290]" pageId="17" pageNumber="64">Interestingly, the slightly distorted large unworn crown preserved in the dentary of the ‘Brickenden jaw’ differs from those seen in NHMUK R1831 (Norman in preparation).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |