266 lines
31 KiB
XML
266 lines
31 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="0BAB66EDD9D87D8E3215764C70A58E48">Sponges of the Guyana Shelf</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9A9F588428C42DBB8F7C72B283D98CE2">Van, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="30406E28C1AB34B7C4965673F8ABA530">2017</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03A80010777BFF81FF14A76794D8FF4E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5698591" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127419709" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5698591" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A80010777BFF81FF14A76794D8FF4E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A80010777BFF81FF14A76794D8FF4E" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<subSubSection id="C31BE28D777BFF80FF14A7679148FBDD" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBEB106777BFF80FF14A767923CFBBC" blockId="44.[151,577,1036,1095]" box="[151,577,1036,1062]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<heading id="D0F6066A777BFF80FF14A767923CFBBC" bold="true" box="[151,577,1036,1062]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C01CA85777BFF80FF14A767923CFBBC" ID-CoL="48BV5" authority="Schmidt, 1870" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,577,1036,1062]" class="Demospongiae" family="Phloeodictyidae" genus="Oceanapia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carotta">
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<emphasis id="B9756D14777BFF80FF14A767923CFBBC" bold="true" box="[151,577,1036,1062]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="B9756D14777BFF80FF14A7679109FBBC" bold="true" box="[151,372,1036,1062]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Oceanapia carotta</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF7777BFF80FE07A7679244FBBC" author="Schmidt" box="[388,569,1036,1062]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Schmidt, O. (1870) Grundzuge einer Spongien-Fauna des atlantischen Gebietes. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, iii - iv, 88 pp." type="book" year="1870">Schmidt, 1870</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBEB106777BFF80FF14A7459148FBDD" blockId="44.[151,577,1036,1095]" box="[151,309,1070,1095]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<figureCitation id="133AAD83777BFF80FF14A7459173FBDD" box="[151,270,1070,1095]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="45.[151,250,1290,1312]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,267,1268]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[151,1436,267,1268]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 28. Oceanapia carotta (Schmidt, 1870), a, habitus of various specimens registered as RMNH Por. 6300 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, light microscopic images of skeleton, b, skeleton of a fistule, c, skeleton of main body, d – e, SEM image of spicules, d, oxea, e, sigmas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272979/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Figures 28</figureCitation>
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a–e
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31BE28D777BFF80FF14A71F9221FB5D" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BBEB106777BFF80FF14A71F923BFB32" blockId="44.[151,1385,1140,1285]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB119628777BFF80FF14A71F923BFB32" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicName id="4C01CA85777BFF80FF14A71F9253FB10" ID-CoL="4SC7X" authority="Schmidt, 1870: 36" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityPageNumber="36" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,558,1140,1162]" class="Demospongiae" family="Phloeodictyidae" genus="Rhizochalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carotta">
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<emphasis id="B9756D14777BFF80FF14A71F9116FB10" box="[151,363,1140,1162]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Rhizochalina carotta</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA09717777BFF80FEF2A71F9253FB10" author="Schmidt" box="[369,558,1140,1162]" page="36" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" year="1870">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF7777BFF80FEF2A71F9275FB10" author="Schmidt" box="[369,520,1140,1162]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Schmidt, O. (1870) Grundzuge einer Spongien-Fauna des atlantischen Gebietes. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, iii - iv, 88 pp." type="book" year="1870">Schmidt, 1870</bibRefCitation>
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: 36
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, pl. IV fig. 2;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA09717777BFF80FD3FA71E9315FB10" author="Topsent" box="[700,872,1140,1162]" page="4" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" year="1920">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF7777BFF80FD3FA71E9332FB10" author="Topsent" box="[700,847,1140,1162]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Topsent, E. (1920) Spongiaires du Musee Zoologique de Strasbourg. Monaxonides. Bulletin de l'Institut oceanographique, Monaco, 381, 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="1920">Topsent, 1920</bibRefCitation>
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: 4
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="B9756D14777BFF80FF14A7F990DDFB32" box="[151,160,1170,1192]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">?</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C01CA85777BFF80FF23A7F9923CFB32" authority="Schmidt, 1880: 76" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityPageNumber="76" authorityYear="1880" box="[160,577,1170,1192]" class="Demospongiae" family="Phloeodictyidae" genus="Rhizochalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fibulata">
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<emphasis id="B9756D14777BFF80FF23A7F99103FB32" box="[160,382,1170,1192]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Rhizochalina fibulata</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA09717777BFF80FE07A7F9923CFB32" author="Schmidt" box="[388,577,1170,1192]" page="76" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" year="1880">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF7777BFF80FE07A7F99266FB32" author="Schmidt" box="[388,539,1170,1192]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Schmidt, O. (1880) Die Spongien des Meerbusen von Mexico (Und des caraibischen Meeres). Heft II. Abtheilung II." type="journal volume" year="1880">Schmidt, 1880</bibRefCitation>
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: 76
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BBEB106777BFF80FF14A7D99221FB5D" blockId="44.[151,1385,1140,1285]" box="[151,604,1201,1223]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB119628777BFF80FF14A7D99221FB5D" box="[151,604,1201,1223]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA85777BFF80FF14A7D99129FB5D" ID-CoL="48BV5" box="[151,340,1202,1223]" class="Demospongiae" family="Phloeodictyidae" genus="Oceanapia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carotta">
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<emphasis id="B9756D14777BFF80FF14A7D99129FB5D" box="[151,340,1202,1223]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Oceanapia carotta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA09717777BFF80FEE2A7D99225FB5D" author="De" box="[353,600,1201,1223]" page="72" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" year="1936">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF7777BFF80FEE2A7D9924FFB5D" author="De" box="[353,562,1201,1223]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="De Laubenfels, M. W. (1936) A discussion of the sponge fauna of the Dry Tortugas, in particular, and the West Indies in general, with material for a revision of the families and orders of the Porifera. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication, 467 (Tortugas Laboratory Paper, 30, 1 - 225." type="journal article" year="1936">De Laubenfels 1936</bibRefCitation>
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: 72
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D777BFF80FF14A7BA9514FA9E" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBEB106777BFF80FF14A7BA932DFB7C" blockId="44.[151,1385,1140,1285]" box="[151,848,1232,1254]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB119628777BFF80FF14A7BA932DFB7C" box="[151,848,1232,1254]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA85777BFF80FF14A7BA9118FB7C" ID-CoL="48BWM" box="[151,357,1232,1254]" class="Demospongiae" family="Phloeodictyidae" genus="Oceanapia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="oleracea">
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||
<emphasis id="B9756D14777BFF80FF14A7BA9118FB7C" box="[151,357,1232,1254]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Oceanapia oleracea</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA09717777BFF80FEF1A7BA9245FB7C" author="Van" box="[370,568,1232,1254]" page="89" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" year="1980">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF7777BFF80FEF1A7BA926EFB7C" author="Van" box="[370,531,1232,1254]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M. (1980) Marine sponges from Curacao and other Caribbean localities. Part II. Haplosclerida. In: Hummelinck, P. W. & Van der Steen, L. J. (Eds.), Uitgaven van de Natuurwetenschappelijke Studiekring voor Suriname en de Nederlandse Antillen. No. 104. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 62 (191), 1 - 173. Avaliable from: http: // www. repository. naturalis. nl / document / 550028 (Accessed 11 Jan. 2017)" type="journal article" year="1980">Van Soest 1980</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 89
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. XIV fig. 2, text-fig. 33.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BBEB106777BFF80FF14A7859514FA9E" blockId="44.[151,1385,1140,1285]" box="[151,1385,1262,1285]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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||
(?Not:
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA85777BFF80FF5DA785921DFA9E" authority="Schmidt, 1870" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1870" box="[222,608,1262,1284]" class="Demospongiae" family="Phloeodictyidae" genus="Rhizochalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="oleracea">
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||
<emphasis id="B9756D14777BFF80FF5DA78591BEFA9E" box="[222,451,1262,1284]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Rhizochalina oleracea</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF7777BFF80FE4AA785921DFA9E" author="Schmidt" box="[457,608,1262,1284]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Schmidt, O. (1870) Grundzuge einer Spongien-Fauna des atlantischen Gebietes. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, iii - iv, 88 pp." type="book" year="1870">Schmidt, 1870</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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; nec sensu
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<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF7777BFF80FD51A7859328FA9E" author="Wilson" box="[722,853,1262,1284]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Wilson, H. V. (1902) [1900] The sponges collected in Porto Rico in 1899 by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer Fish Hawk. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, 2, 375 - 411." type="journal article" year="1902">Wilson 1902</bibRefCitation>
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||
, De Laubenfels 1947,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF7777BFF80FBBAA785949AFA9E" author="Wells" box="[1081,1255,1262,1285]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Wells, H. W., Wells, M. J. & Gray, I. E. (1960) Marine sponges of North Carolina. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, 76 (2), 200 - 245." type="journal article" year="1960">
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||
Wells
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<emphasis id="B9756D14777BFF80FBFAA79B94D1FA9E" box="[1145,1196,1262,1285]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1960
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF7777BFF80FB72A785951FFA9E" author="Little" box="[1265,1378,1262,1284]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Little, F. J. Jr. (1963) The sponge fauna of the St. George's Sound, Apalache Bay, and Panama City Regions of the Florida Gulf Coast. Tulane Studies in Zoology, 11 (2), 31 - 71." type="journal article" year="1963">Little 1963</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D777BFF80FF14A64593DBFAF1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBEB106777BFF80FF14A64593DBFAF1" blockId="44.[151,1436,1326,2035]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B69BB5B777BFF80FF14A64593DFFAF1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726457" collectingDate="1969-04-17" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="Luymes O. C. P. S." country="Suriname" elevation="93" latitude="7.3783" location="Suriname" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-54.3583" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9756D14777BFF80FF14A64591FFFADD" bold="true" box="[151,386,1326,1351]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1029C3777BFF80FE0FA644919DFADC" box="[396,480,1327,1350]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">RMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
Por. 6300,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F316F196777BFF80FDE4A64592A8FADD" box="[615,725,1326,1351]" name="Suriname" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Suriname</collectingCountry>
|
||
, ‘
|
||
<collectorName id="26F4D4D0777BFF80FD64A64493CFFADD" box="[743,946,1327,1351]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Luymes O.C.P.S.</collectorName>
|
||
’
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F316F196777BFF80FC43A644946AFADD" box="[960,1047,1327,1351]" name="Guyana" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
Shelf Expedition, station K101B,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE35D7C1777BFF80FF14A6389179FAF1" box="[151,260,1363,1387]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" precision="5" value="7.3783">7.3783°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE35D7C1777BFF80FE89A63991F6FAF1" box="[266,395,1362,1387]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" precision="5" value="-54.3583">54.3583°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CF91CE3777BFF80FE5FA638926BFAF0" box="[476,534,1363,1387]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="93.0">
|
||
<elevation id="002C5635777BFF80FE5FA638926BFAF0" box="[476,534,1363,1387]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="93.0">93 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, rectangular dredge,
|
||
<date id="FFBF97C6777BFF80FC82A63893DFFAF1" box="[769,930,1362,1387]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1969-04-17">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFFB6E2E777BFF80FC82A63893DFFAF1" box="[769,930,1362,1387]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1969-04-17">17 April 1969</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D777BFF80FF44A61D94B9F949" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBEB106777BFF80FF44A61D94BAFA29" blockId="44.[151,1436,1326,2035]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9756D14777BFF80FF44A61D9124FA15" bold="true" box="[199,345,1398,1423]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133AAD83777BFF80FEE4A61D91C4FA15" box="[359,441,1398,1423]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="45.[151,250,1290,1312]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,267,1268]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[151,1436,267,1268]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 28. Oceanapia carotta (Schmidt, 1870), a, habitus of various specimens registered as RMNH Por. 6300 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, light microscopic images of skeleton, b, skeleton of a fistule, c, skeleton of main body, d – e, SEM image of spicules, d, oxea, e, sigmas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272979/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
a) About ten small rounded specimens,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF91CE3777BFF80FCF7A61C93BAFA14" box="[884,967,1399,1423]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="cm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter and some fragments of larger fistules,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF91CE3777BFF80FF75A6F19134FA28" box="[246,329,1434,1459]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="cm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 cm</quantity>
|
||
long, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CF91CE3777BFF80FE4CA6F0927AFA28" box="[463,519,1435,1459]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, with branching apices. Color pinkish light brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBEB106777BFF80FF44A6D5950DF9D9" blockId="44.[151,1436,1326,2035]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9756D14777BFF80FF44A6D59148FA4D" bold="true" box="[199,309,1470,1495]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Skeleton.</emphasis>
|
||
Ectosomal skeleton of the main body consists of intercrossing single oxeas forming a feltwork-like skin. That of the fistules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133AAD83777BFF80FE39A6899271FA61" box="[442,524,1506,1531]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="45.[151,250,1290,1312]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,267,1268]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[151,1436,267,1268]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 28. Oceanapia carotta (Schmidt, 1870), a, habitus of various specimens registered as RMNH Por. 6300 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, light microscopic images of skeleton, b, skeleton of a fistule, c, skeleton of main body, d – e, SEM image of spicules, d, oxea, e, sigmas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272979/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
b) is a double layered single spicule reticulation supported by long subectosomal spicule tracts. The choanosomal skeleton of the main body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133AAD83777BFF80FCC8A56D93E3F985" box="[843,926,1542,1567]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="45.[151,250,1290,1312]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,267,1268]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[151,1436,267,1268]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 28. Oceanapia carotta (Schmidt, 1870), a, habitus of various specimens registered as RMNH Por. 6300 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, light microscopic images of skeleton, b, skeleton of a fistule, c, skeleton of main body, d – e, SEM image of spicules, d, oxea, e, sigmas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272979/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
c) is an irregular system of very thick tracts, 120–180 µm in thickness (15+ spicules in cros section) inbetween which is a confused mass of single spicules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBEB106777BFF80FF44A525920BF9FD" blockId="44.[151,1436,1326,2035]" box="[199,630,1614,1639]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9756D14777BFF80FF44A525914DF9FD" bold="true" box="[199,304,1614,1639]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Spicules.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133AAD83777BFF80FEBCA52591EEF9FD" box="[319,403,1614,1639]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="45.[151,250,1290,1312]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,267,1268]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[151,1436,267,1268]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 28. Oceanapia carotta (Schmidt, 1870), a, habitus of various specimens registered as RMNH Por. 6300 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, light microscopic images of skeleton, b, skeleton of a fistule, c, skeleton of main body, d – e, SEM image of spicules, d, oxea, e, sigmas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272979/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Figs 28</figureCitation>
|
||
d–e) Oxeas, sigmas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBEB106777BFF80FF14A518914EF935" blockId="44.[151,1436,1326,2035]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Oxeas (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133AAD83777BFF80FF6DA519913FF911" box="[238,322,1650,1675]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="45.[151,250,1290,1312]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,267,1268]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[151,1436,267,1268]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 28. Oceanapia carotta (Schmidt, 1870), a, habitus of various specimens registered as RMNH Por. 6300 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, light microscopic images of skeleton, b, skeleton of a fistule, c, skeleton of main body, d – e, SEM image of spicules, d, oxea, e, sigmas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272979/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
d), curved, abruptly pointed, in a large size range, but no clear spicule categories, 105–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9756D14777BFF80FAA0A5189530F911" box="[1315,1357,1651,1675]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">180</emphasis>
|
||
–241
|
||
<date id="FFBF97C6777BFF80FA0DA51890D9F935" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">x 4</date>
|
||
–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9756D14777BFF80FF30A5FC90ABF935" box="[179,214,1687,1711]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">8.1</emphasis>
|
||
–11 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBEB106777BFF80FF44A5D194B9F949" blockId="44.[151,1436,1326,2035]" box="[199,1220,1722,1747]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Sigmas (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133AAD83777BFF80FEABA5D191FDF949" box="[296,384,1722,1747]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="45.[151,250,1290,1312]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,267,1268]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[151,1436,267,1268]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 28. Oceanapia carotta (Schmidt, 1870), a, habitus of various specimens registered as RMNH Por. 6300 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, light microscopic images of skeleton, b, skeleton of a fistule, c, skeleton of main body, d – e, SEM image of spicules, d, oxea, e, sigmas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272979/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Figs 28</figureCitation>
|
||
e), symmetrical, shallowly incurved, in a large size range, 15–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9756D14777BFF80FBB7A5D09418F949" box="[1076,1125,1723,1747]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">23.1</emphasis>
|
||
–33 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D777BFF80FF44A5B5922FF881" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBEB106777BFF80FF44A5B5922FF881" blockId="44.[151,1436,1326,2035]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9756D14777BFF80FF44A5B59186F96D" bold="true" box="[199,507,1758,1783]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F316F196777BFF80FD85A5B49220F96D" box="[518,605,1759,1783]" name="Guyana" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
Shelf,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C57FE4777BFF80FD36A5B5937BF96D" box="[693,774,1758,1783]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Florida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
? (no locality known),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F316F196777BFF80FBA3A5B594F3F96D" box="[1056,1166,1758,1783]" name="Barbados" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Barbados</collectingCountry>
|
||
?,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F316F196777BFF80FB2AA5B49548F96D" box="[1193,1333,1758,1783]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F316F196777BFF80FAC7A5B595F0F96D" box="[1348,1421,1758,1783]" name="Brazil" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
?, muddy sand bottoms at
|
||
<quantity id="4CF91CE3777BFF80FE21A4689278F880" box="[418,517,1795,1819]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.25" metricValueMax="9.3" metricValueMin="7.2" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="82.5" valueMax="93.0" valueMin="72.0">72–93 m</quantity>
|
||
depth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D777BFF81FF44A44D94D8FF4E" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBEB106777BFF80FF44A44D9420F869" blockId="44.[151,1436,1326,2035]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9756D14777BFF80FF44A44D9146F8A5" bold="true" box="[199,315,1830,1855]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The possession of large numbers of sigmas conforms to Topsent’s (1920) redescription of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA85777BFF80FF14A42191F9F8F9" box="[151,388,1866,1891]" class="Demospongiae" family="Phloeodictyidae" genus="Rhizochalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carotta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9756D14777BFF80FF14A42191F9F8F9" box="[151,388,1866,1891]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Rhizochalina carotta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The size of the present specimens and fragments is here interpreted as juveniles, because Schmidt’s illustration (1870, pl. IV fig. 2) is of a much larger individual.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA85777BFF80FB8AA40494FDF81C" box="[1033,1152,1903,1926]" class="Demospongiae" family="Phloeodictyidae" genus="Rhizochalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carotta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9756D14777BFF80FB8AA40494FDF81C" box="[1033,1152,1903,1926]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">O. carotta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is here revived, from a suggested junior synonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA85777BFF80FDA0A4F893A5F831" authority="Schmidt, 1870" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1870" box="[547,984,1938,1963]" class="Demospongiae" family="Phloeodictyidae" genus="Oceanapia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="oleracea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9756D14777BFF80FDA0A4F89370F831" box="[547,781,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Oceanapia oleracea</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF7777BFF80FCA1A4F993ADF831" author="Schmidt" box="[802,976,1938,1963]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Schmidt, O. (1870) Grundzuge einer Spongien-Fauna des atlantischen Gebietes. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, iii - iv, 88 pp." type="book" year="1870">Schmidt, 1870</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which ignores the importance of the presence of microscleres (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF7777BFF80FE7FA4DC92CBF855" author="Van" box="[508,694,1975,1999]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M. (1980) Marine sponges from Curacao and other Caribbean localities. Part II. Haplosclerida. In: Hummelinck, P. W. & Van der Steen, L. J. (Eds.), Uitgaven van de Natuurwetenschappelijke Studiekring voor Suriname en de Nederlandse Antillen. No. 104. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 62 (191), 1 - 173. Avaliable from: http: // www. repository. naturalis. nl / document / 550028 (Accessed 11 Jan. 2017)" type="journal article" year="1980">Van Soest 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The only author who so far studied the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BA0FA4777BFF80FB25A4DC94ABF855" box="[1190,1238,1975,1999]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of both species,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF7777BFF80FF75A4B091DFF869" author="Topsent" box="[246,418,2011,2035]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Topsent, E. (1920) Spongiaires du Musee Zoologique de Strasbourg. Monaxonides. Bulletin de l'Institut oceanographique, Monaco, 381, 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="1920">Topsent (1920)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, listed sufficient differences to throw doubt on this synonymy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBEB106777AFF81FF44A3FC94D8FF4E" blockId="45.[151,1436,151,213]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B69BB5B777AFF81FF44A3FC94D8FF4E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726452" country="Barbados" elevation="518" location="Schmidt's" municipality="The" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="518">
|
||
<location id="8EDEE7DD777AFF81FF44A3FC914AFF2A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A80010777BFF81FF14A76794D8FF4E:8EDEE7DD777AFF81FF44A3FC914AFF2A" box="[199,311,151,176]" country="Barbados" municipality="The" name="Schmidt's" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Schmidt’s</location>
|
||
(1880)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA85777AFF81FE13A3FC92FFFF2A" box="[400,642,151,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Phloeodictyidae" genus="Rhizochalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fibulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9756D14777AFF81FE13A3FC92FFFF2A" box="[400,642,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Rhizochalina fibulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F316F196777AFF81FD44A3FC934CFF2A" box="[711,817,151,176]" name="Barbados" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Barbados</collectingCountry>
|
||
is a possible synonym of this species, as he mentioned the presence of numerous sigmas.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BDA2B7C777AFF81FD9BA3D79239FF4F" box="[536,580,188,213]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">The</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
specimen was collected at considerable depth,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D077A8F777AFF81FBD5A3D794D8FF4E" box="[1110,1189,188,213]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CF91CE3777AFF81FBD5A3D794DCFF4E" box="[1110,1185,188,213]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.18" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="518.0">
|
||
<elevation id="002C5635777AFF81FBD5A3D794DCFF4E" box="[1110,1185,188,213]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.18" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="518.0">518 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |