400 lines
55 KiB
XML
400 lines
55 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="6015E8268F2865D932371A5A98E12B0B">Evolutionary significance of the retiolitine Gothograptus (Graptolithina) with four new species from the Silurian of the East European Platform (Baltica), Poland and Lithuania</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A011D383A98887E04ADB7DF8B7369B26">Kozłowska, Anna</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="264D9EB34A633561855F0E66355C2F52">Bates, Denis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C3B668877189A84519874BD48EA4F870">Zalasiewicz, Jan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="550AAFD4A8D60B8BC9CEE26DDDC13EF3">Radzevičius, Sigitas</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03A687FCFFE6985D8FA2D7FBFE8DFBDE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5935878" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154474985" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5935878" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687FCFFE6985D8FA2D7FBFE8DFBDE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687FCFFE6985D8FA2D7FBFE8DFBDE" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="451" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">
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<subSubSection id="C3156561FFE698418FA2D7FBFF55FB03" box="[151,562,1159,1186]" pageId="12" pageNumber="447" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB036EAFFE698418FA2D7FBFF55FB03" blockId="12.[151,562,1159,1219]" box="[151,562,1159,1186]" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">
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<heading id="D0F88186FFE698418FA2D7FBFF55FB03" bold="true" box="[151,562,1159,1186]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="447" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D69FFE698418FA2D7FBFF55FB03" authority="(Holm, 1890)" baseAuthorityName="Holm" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[151,562,1159,1186]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="447" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">
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<emphasis id="B97BEAF8FFE698418FA2D7FBFF55FB03" bold="true" box="[151,562,1159,1186]" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">
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<emphasis id="B97BEAF8FFE698418FA2D7FBFCEEFB00" bold="true" box="[151,393,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">Gothograptus nassa</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B1BFFE698418EADD7F4FF4DFB03" author="Holm, G." box="[408,554,1160,1186]" pageId="12" pageNumber="447" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref10823" refString="Holm, G. (1890) Gotlands graptoliter. Svenska Vetenskap-Akademiens handlingar, 16, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1890">Holm, 1890</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3156561FFE698418FA2D7D6FE1FFA03" pageId="12" pageNumber="447" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB036EAFFE698418FA2D7D6FC73FB62" blockId="12.[151,562,1159,1219]" box="[151,276,1194,1219]" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">
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||
<figureCitation id="13342A6FFFE698418FA2D7D6FC73FB62" box="[151,276,1194,1219]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 10" captionStart-1="FIGURE 11" captionStart-2="FIGURE 12" captionStartId-0="13.[151,250,1863,1885]" captionStartId-1="14.[151,250,1891,1913]" captionStartId-2="15.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox-0="[240,1332,193,1842]" captionTargetBox-1="[221,1375,193,1882]" captionTargetBox-2="[267,1323,193,1828]" captionTargetId-0="figure@13.[240,1332,193,1842]" captionTargetId-1="figure@14.[221,1375,193,1882]" captionTargetId-2="figure@15.[267,1323,193,1828]" captionTargetPageId-0="13" captionTargetPageId-1="14" captionTargetPageId-2="15" captionText-0="FIGURE 10. Immature tubaria of Gothograptus nassa (Holm, 1890) from Bartoszyce IG-1, depth 1655.8 m, dubius/nassa Biozone, Poland. A–B. tubarium with 18 pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.28/1, A ventro-lateral view; B. enlargement of hood of th15 1. C–E. ventral view of tubarium with 10 pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/13; C. whole tubarium; D. enlargement of hood of th8 1; E. enlargement of hood of th10 2. F. tubarium with nine pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.28/2. G. tubarium with 10 pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/14. H. tubarium with 13 pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/15." captionText-1="FIGURE 11. Tubaria of Gothograptus nassa (Holm, 1890) from Lithuania. A–B, E–F. Specimen with five pairs of thecae, VU RET-8, Kybartai-14 core, depth 1087.8 m, nassa Biozone; A. ventro-lateral view; B. view of distal end; E, enlargement of cross-section of nema; F, distal view of end of tubarium. C–D, G. tubarium with four pairs of thecae, ventral view, VU RET-9, Šiupyliai-69 core, depth 998.0 m, nassa Biozone; C. enlargement of th1 2 orifice; D. oblique view of th1 2 orifice; G. whole specimen." captionText-2="FIGURE 12. Mature specimens of Gothograptus nassa (Holm, 1890) from Bartoszyce IG-1 core, depth, Poland. A. distal fragment with eight pairs of thecae and appendix, G.55/16. B. fragment of distal end, ZPAL G.55/17. C–E. tubarium with 12 pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/18; C. ventro-lateral view of specimen; D. enlargement of orifice of th2 1; E. enlargement showing thickness of hood. F. medial part of specimen with five pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/19. G–H. proximal fragment of fragment of specimen with five pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/20; G. ventro-lateral view; H. enlargement of th4 1. I–J. distal fragment of tubarium with 10 pairs of thecae and appendix, ZPAL G.55/21; I. whole specimen; J. enlargement of thecal hood." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2601635/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2601639/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/2601641/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">Figs 10–12</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB036EAFFE698418FA2D78EFFCFFAA9" blockId="12.[151,1183,1266,1534]" box="[151,680,1266,1288]" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">
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1890
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D69FFE698418FE5D78EFCD5FAA9" authority="Holm" authorityName="Holm" authorityYear="1890" box="[208,434,1266,1288]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Retiolites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="447" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">
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<emphasis id="B97BEAF8FFE698418FE5D78EFC17FAA9" box="[208,368,1266,1288]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">Retiolites nassa</emphasis>
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Holm
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</taxonomicName>
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, p. 25, pl. 2, figs 12–14.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB036EAFFE698418FA2D66DFE24FA86" blockId="12.[151,1183,1266,1534]" box="[151,835,1297,1319]" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">
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1891
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D69FFE698418FE5D66DFF42FA86" authority="Holm, Frech" authorityName="Holm, Frech" box="[208,549,1297,1319]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="447" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">
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<emphasis id="B97BEAF8FFE698418FE5D66DFCFAFA86" box="[208,413,1297,1319]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">Gothograptus nassa</emphasis>
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Holm, Frech
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</taxonomicName>
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, pp. 670–671, fig. 223, 5–6.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB036EAFFE698418FA2D64CFEE9FAE7" blockId="12.[151,1183,1266,1534]" box="[151,910,1328,1350]" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">
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?1900
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D69FFE698418FEED64CFCDCFAE7" authority="Holm" authorityName="Holm" authorityYear="1890" box="[219,443,1328,1350]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Retiolites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="447" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">
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<emphasis id="B97BEAF8FFE698418FEED64CFC1CFAE7" box="[219,379,1328,1350]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">Retiolites nassa</emphasis>
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Holm
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D69FFE698418EFCD64CFFC6FAE7" authority=", Frech" authorityName=", Frech" authorityYear="1897" box="[457,673,1328,1350]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="447" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97BEAF8FFE698418EFCD64CFF3BFAE7" box="[457,604,1328,1350]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">Gothograptus,</emphasis>
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Frech
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</taxonomicName>
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), Wood, p. 486, fig. 27.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB036EAFFE698418FA2D632F9F8FAC5" blockId="12.[151,1183,1266,1534]" box="[151,1183,1358,1381]" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">
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1908
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D69FFE698418FE5D632FF01FAC5" authority="(Holm)" baseAuthorityName="Holm" box="[208,614,1358,1381]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Retiolites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="447" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa" subGenus="Gothograptus">
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<emphasis id="B97BEAF8FFE698418FE5D632FC57FAC5" box="[208,304,1358,1380]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">Retiolites</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B97BEAF8FFE698418E0BD632FCADFAC5" box="[318,458,1358,1380]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">Gothograptus</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B97BEAF8FFE698418EECD62CFF75FAC4" box="[473,530,1360,1381]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">nassa</emphasis>
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(Holm)
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</taxonomicName>
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, Ellis & Wood, pp. 343–344, fig. 225, pl. 34, figs 15a,d.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB036EAFFE698418FA2D611FEB8FA22" blockId="12.[151,1183,1266,1534]" box="[151,991,1389,1411]" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">
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?1952
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D69FFE698418FEED611FF5DFA22" authority="(Holm, 1890)" baseAuthorityName="Holm" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[219,570,1389,1411]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="447" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">
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||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF8FFE698418FEED611FCCFFA22" box="[219,424,1389,1411]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">Gothograptus nassa</emphasis>
|
||
(
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B1BFFE698418E80D611FF54FA22" author="Holm, G." box="[437,563,1389,1411]" pageId="12" pageNumber="447" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref10823" refString="Holm, G. (1890) Gotlands graptoliter. Svenska Vetenskap-Akademiens handlingar, 16, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1890">Holm, 1890</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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||
, Bouček & Münch, pp. 11–15, fig. 2, a–i.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB036EAFFE698418FA2D6F0FE1FFA03" blockId="12.[151,1183,1266,1534]" box="[151,888,1420,1442]" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">
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||
1952
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D69FFE698418FE5D6F0FFFFFA03" authority="Boucek & Munch" authorityName="Boucek & Munch" box="[208,664,1420,1442]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="447" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="intermedius">
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||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF8FFE698418FE5D6F0FCBCFA03" box="[208,475,1420,1442]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">Gothograptus intermedius</emphasis>
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Bouček & Münch
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</taxonomicName>
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, pp. 15–16, fig. 3 e–f.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3156561FFE698418FA2D6D6FE0CFA5F" pageId="12" pageNumber="447" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036EAFFE698418FA2D6D6FE36FA61" blockId="12.[151,1183,1266,1534]" box="[151,849,1450,1472]" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">
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||
1956
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D69FFE698418FE5D6D6FF49FA61" authority="(Holm, 1890)" baseAuthorityName="Holm" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[208,558,1450,1472]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="447" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">
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||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF8FFE698418FE5D6D6FCFAFA61" box="[208,413,1450,1472]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">Gothograptus nassa</emphasis>
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||
(
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B1BFFE698418E9FD6D6FF40FA61" author="Holm, G." box="[426,551,1450,1472]" pageId="12" pageNumber="447" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref10823" refString="Holm, G. (1890) Gotlands graptoliter. Svenska Vetenskap-Akademiens handlingar, 16, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1890">Holm, 1890</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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</taxonomicName>
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, Tomczyk, pp. 42–44, fig. 8.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BB036EAFFE698418FA2D6B5FE86FA7E" blockId="12.[151,1183,1266,1534]" box="[151,993,1481,1503]" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">
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||
1979
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D69FFE698418FE5D6B5FF49FA7E" authority="(Holm, 1890)" baseAuthorityName="Holm" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[208,558,1481,1503]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="447" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF8FFE698418FE5D6B5FCFAFA7E" box="[208,413,1481,1503]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">Gothograptus nassa</emphasis>
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||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B1BFFE698418E9FD6B5FF40FA7E" author="Holm, G." box="[426,551,1481,1503]" pageId="12" pageNumber="447" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref10823" refString="Holm, G. (1890) Gotlands graptoliter. Svenska Vetenskap-Akademiens handlingar, 16, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1890">Holm, 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Obut & Zaslavskaya, pp. 30–33, figs 1–4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036EAFFE698418FA2D694FE0CFA5F" blockId="12.[151,1183,1266,1534]" box="[151,875,1512,1534]" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">
|
||
1999
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D69FFE698418FE5D694FF49FA5F" authority="(Holm, 1890)" baseAuthorityName="Holm" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[208,558,1512,1534]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="447" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF8FFE698418FE5D694FCFAFA5F" box="[208,413,1512,1534]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">Gothograptus nassa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B1BFFE698418E9FD694FF40FA5F" author="Holm, G." box="[426,551,1512,1534]" pageId="12" pageNumber="447" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref10823" refString="Holm, G. (1890) Gotlands graptoliter. Svenska Vetenskap-Akademiens handlingar, 16, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1890">Holm, 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Kozłowska-Dawidziuk, fig. 3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3156561FFE698418FA2D556F995F8BA" pageId="12" pageNumber="447" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036EAFFE698418FA2D556F995F8BA" blockId="12.[151,1436,1578,2035]" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF8FFE698418FA2D556FD98F9E2" bold="true" box="[151,255,1578,1603]" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">Material</emphasis>
|
||
. The specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D69FFE698418EECD557FFDCF9E3" baseAuthorityName="Holm" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[473,699,1579,1603]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="447" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF8FFE698418EECD557FFDCF9E3" box="[473,699,1579,1603]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">Gothograptus nassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
studied come from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318767AFFE698418CAED556F96EF9E2" box="[923,1033,1578,1603]" name="Lithuania" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">Lithuania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318767AFFE698418B21D556F905F9E2" box="[1044,1122,1578,1603]" name="Poland" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">Poland</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Gotland. Material from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318767AFFE698418FA2D532FC64F9C6" box="[151,259,1614,1639]" name="Lithuania" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">Lithuania</collectingCountry>
|
||
comes from the Šiupyliai-69 core,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D69FFE698418DA9D533FE25F9C6" authority="Biozone" authorityName="Biozone" box="[668,834,1614,1639]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="447" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF8FFE698418DA9D533FFBBF9C7" box="[668,732,1615,1638]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">nassa</emphasis>
|
||
Biozone
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(above
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D69FFE698418C94D533FE8AF9C7" box="[929,1005,1615,1638]" class="Graptolithina" family="Rhabdinoporidae" genus="Pristiograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="447" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="parvus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF8FFE698418C94D533FE8AF9C7" box="[929,1005,1615,1638]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">parvus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), at depths from
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B0FFFE698418B82D533F872F9C7" box="[1207,1301,1615,1639]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.984" pageId="12" pageNumber="447" unit="m" value="998.4">998.4 m</quantity>
|
||
to 997.0 m yielding
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09FD63FFE698418FC9D50FFCC3F92A" box="[252,420,1650,1675]" pageId="12" pageNumber="447" type="generic">130 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
and the Kybartai-14 core, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B0FFFE698418C16D50FFEF6F92B" box="[803,913,1651,1675]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0878" pageId="12" pageNumber="447" unit="m" value="1087.8">1087.8 m</quantity>
|
||
, a few specimens. The material from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318767AFFE698418A72D50EF8FFF92A" box="[1351,1432,1650,1675]" name="Poland" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">Poland</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Bartoszyce IG-1 well, comes from the interval 1661.0 m to
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B0FFFE698418C05D5EAFEFBF90F" box="[816,924,1686,1711]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6439" pageId="12" pageNumber="447" unit="m" value="1643.9">1643.9 m</quantity>
|
||
, representing the
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF8FFE698418B54D5EBF8F2F90F" box="[1121,1429,1686,1710]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D69FFE698418B54D5EBF9C9F90F" box="[1121,1198,1687,1710]" class="Graptolithina" family="Rhabdinoporidae" genus="Pristiograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="447" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="parvus">parvus</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D69FFE698418B8ED5EBF99FF90F" box="[1211,1272,1687,1710]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="447" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">nassa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D69FFE698418A36D5EAF82CF90F" box="[1283,1355,1686,1710]" class="Graptolithina" family="Rhabdinoporidae" genus="Pristiograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="447" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="dubius">dubius</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D69FFE698418A6DD5EAF8F2F90F" box="[1368,1429,1686,1710]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="447" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">nassa</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and lower part of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D69FFE698418EBAD5C7FFE5F972" authority="biozones" authorityName="Biozones" box="[399,642,1722,1747]" class="Graptolithina" genus="Colonograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="435" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="praedeubeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF8FFE698418EBAD5C7FF73F972" box="[399,532,1723,1747]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">praedeubeli</emphasis>
|
||
biozones
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see range chart in Porębska
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF8FFE698418CE0D5C7F968F972" box="[981,1039,1723,1747]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006, fig. 2). The material is rich, containing about 2,000 specimens, representing different stages of growth of colonies. The Swedish material comes from Gotland, Blåhäll, locality 813–832, Blåhäll 1 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B1BFFE698418C1CD47EFE80F8BA" author="Spjeldnaes, N." box="[809,999,1794,1819]" pageId="12" pageNumber="447" pagination="225 - 235" refId="ref12818" refString="Spjeldnaes, N. (1984) Epifauna as a tool in autecological analysis of Silurian brachiopods. Special Papers in Palaeontology, 32, 225 - 235." type="journal article" year="1984">Spjeldnaes 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Dapps and Tegelbruk.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3156561FFE6985D8FF2D45AF99EFC22" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="451" pageId="12" pageNumber="447" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036EAFFE698418FF2D45AFFCEF826" blockId="12.[151,1436,1578,2035]" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF8FFE698418FF2D45AFC36F89E" bold="true" box="[199,337,1830,1855]" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. The tubaria represent mostly fragments of colonies at different stages of growth. The longest tubarium of 18 pairs of thecae is
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B0FFFE698418D33D437FF35F8C3" box="[518,594,1867,1891]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="12" pageNumber="447" unit="cm" value="2.8">2.8 cm</quantity>
|
||
long. It is an immature colony as it has not developed an appendix, and the distal part is not densely reticulated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A6FFFE698418D01D412FFFBF826" box="[564,668,1902,1927]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1863,1885]" captionTargetBox="[240,1332,193,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[240,1332,193,1842]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. Immature tubaria of Gothograptus nassa (Holm, 1890) from Bartoszyce IG-1, depth 1655.8 m, dubius/nassa Biozone, Poland. A–B. tubarium with 18 pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.28/1, A ventro-lateral view; B. enlargement of hood of th15 1. C–E. ventral view of tubarium with 10 pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/13; C. whole tubarium; D. enlargement of hood of th8 1; E. enlargement of hood of th10 2. F. tubarium with nine pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.28/2. G. tubarium with 10 pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/14. H. tubarium with 13 pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/15." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2601635/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036EAFFE698418FF2D4EEFFE5F852" blockId="12.[151,1436,1578,2035]" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">
|
||
The tubarium of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D69FFE698418EBED4EFFF08F80B" box="[395,623,1939,1963]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="447" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF8FFE698418EBED4EFFF08F80B" box="[395,623,1939,1963]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">Gothograptus nassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is almost parallel-sided. It widens from a proximal width of about 1.0 mm below the orifice of the first theca and reaches its maximum width (~
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B0FFFE698418CDDD4CBF913F86E" box="[1000,1140,1975,1999]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2999999999999998" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="447" unit="mm" value="1.2999999999999998" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
) in the middle part of the tubarium, following which it tapers distally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF706662FFE798408FA2D43BFE67F841" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2601635/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="448" startId="13.[151,250,1863,1885]" targetBox="[240,1332,193,1842]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036EAFFE798408FA2D43BFE67F841" blockId="13.[151,1436,1863,2016]" pageId="13" pageNumber="448">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF8FFE798408FA2D43BFC45F8FC" bold="true" box="[151,290,1863,1885]" pageId="13" pageNumber="448">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Immature tubaria of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D69FFE798408D31D43BFE0EF8FC" authority="(Holm, 1890)" authorityName="Holm" authorityYear="1890" baseAuthorityName="Holm" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[516,873,1863,1886]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="13" pageNumber="448" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF8FFE798408D31D43BFFB3F8FF" box="[516,724,1863,1886]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="448">Gothograptus nassa</emphasis>
|
||
(Holm, 1890)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Bartoszyce IG-1, depth 1655.8 m,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF8FFE798408A2DD43BF802F8FC" box="[1304,1381,1863,1885]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="448">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D69FFE798408A2DD43BF83EF8FC" box="[1304,1369,1863,1885]" class="Graptolithina" family="Rhabdinoporidae" genus="Pristiograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="13" pageNumber="448" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="dubius">dubius</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D69FFE798408A50D43BFD89F8DF" authority="Biozone" authorityName="Biozone" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="13" pageNumber="448" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF8FFE798408A50D43BF8FBF8FC" box="[1381,1436,1863,1885]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="448">nassa</emphasis>
|
||
Biozone
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Poland. A–B. tubarium with 18 pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.28/1, A ventro-lateral view; B. enlargement of hood of th15
|
||
<superScript id="7C7A9BA2FFE798408ABBD41AF8F2F8D3" attach="none" box="[1422,1429,1894,1906]" fontSize="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="448">1</superScript>
|
||
. C–E. ventral view of tubarium with 10 pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/13; C. whole tubarium; D. enlargement of hood of th8
|
||
<superScript id="7C7A9BA2FFE798408A44D4FBF81FF832" attach="none" box="[1393,1400,1927,1939]" fontSize="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="448">1</superScript>
|
||
; E. enlargement of hood of th10
|
||
<superScript id="7C7A9BA2FFE798408E8FD4D4FCA6F815" attach="none" box="[442,449,1960,1972]" fontSize="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="448">2</superScript>
|
||
. F. tubarium with nine pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.28/2. G. tubarium with 10 pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/14. H. tubarium with 13 pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/15.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF706662FFE498438FA2D41FFD99F857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2601639/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="449" startId="14.[151,250,1891,1913]" targetBox="[221,1375,193,1882]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036EAFFE498438FA2D41FFD99F857" blockId="14.[151,1436,1891,2038]" pageId="14" pageNumber="449">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF8FFE498438FA2D41FFC79F8D8" bold="true" box="[151,286,1891,1913]" pageId="14" pageNumber="449">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
Tubaria of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D69FFE498438EA6D41FFF97F8D8" authority="(Holm, 1890)" authorityName="Holm" authorityYear="1890" baseAuthorityName="Holm" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[403,752,1891,1913]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="449" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF8FFE498438EA6D41FFF07F8D8" box="[403,608,1891,1913]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="449">Gothograptus nassa</emphasis>
|
||
(Holm, 1890)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Lithuania. A–B, E–F. Specimen with five pairs of thecae, VU RET-8, Kybartai-14 core, depth 1087.8 m,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D69FFE498438D6FD4FEFF93F836" authority="Biozone" authorityName="Biozone" box="[602,756,1921,1943]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="449" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF8FFE498438D6FD4FEFFF3F836" box="[602,660,1922,1943]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="449">nassa</emphasis>
|
||
Biozone
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; A. ventro-lateral view; B. view of distal end; E, enlargement of cross-section of nema; F, distal view of end of tubarium. C–D, G. tubarium with four pairs of thecae, ventral view, VU RET-9, Šiupyliai-69 core, depth 998.0 m,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D69FFE498438D35D4BEFFFCF876" authority="Biozone" authorityName="Biozone" box="[512,667,1985,2007]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="449" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF8FFE498438D35D4BEFF5DF876" box="[512,570,1986,2007]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="449">nassa</emphasis>
|
||
Biozone
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; C. enlargement of th1
|
||
<superScript id="7C7A9BA2FFE498438CB8D4C2FEF3F86B" attach="left" box="[909,916,1982,1994]" fontSize="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="449">2</superScript>
|
||
orifice; D. oblique view of th1
|
||
<superScript id="7C7A9BA2FFE498438BD5D4C2F980F86B" attach="left" box="[1248,1255,1982,1994]" fontSize="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="449">2</superScript>
|
||
orifice; G. whole specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF706662FFE598428FA2D453F876F842" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2601641/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="450" startId="15.[151,250,1839,1861]" targetBox="[267,1323,193,1828]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036EAFFE598428FA2D453F876F842" blockId="15.[151,1436,1839,2019]" pageId="15" pageNumber="450">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF8FFE598428FA2D453FC45F8E4" bold="true" box="[151,290,1839,1861]" pageId="15" pageNumber="450">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
|
||
Mature specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D69FFE598428D3AD453FE13F8E4" authority="(Holm, 1890)" authorityName="Holm" authorityYear="1890" baseAuthorityName="Holm" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[527,884,1839,1861]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="450" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF8FFE598428D3AD453FFB8F8E4" box="[527,735,1839,1861]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="450">Gothograptus nassa</emphasis>
|
||
(Holm, 1890)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Bartoszyce IG-1 core, depth, Poland. A. distal fragment with eight pairs of thecae and appendix, G.55/16. B. fragment of distal end, ZPAL G.55/17. C–E. tubarium with 12 pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/18; C. ventro-lateral view of specimen; D. enlargement of orifice of th2
|
||
<superScript id="7C7A9BA2FFE598428BA5D410F9F0F8D9" attach="none" box="[1168,1175,1900,1912]" fontSize="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="450">1</superScript>
|
||
; E. enlargement showing thickness of hood. F. medial part of specimen with five pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/19. G–H. proximal fragment of fragment of specimen with five pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/20; G. ventro-lateral view; H. enlargement of th4
|
||
<superScript id="7C7A9BA2FFE598428BAFD4D0F9C6F819" attach="right" box="[1178,1185,1964,1976]" fontSize="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="450">1</superScript>
|
||
. I–J. distal fragment of tubarium with 10 pairs of thecae and appendix, ZPAL G.55/21; I. whole specimen; J. enlargement of thecal hood.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036EAFFFA985D8FF2D3EBFE3AFEBE" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,1151]" pageId="16" pageNumber="451">
|
||
The sicula length is about
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B0FFFFA985D8EC6D3EBFF19FF0E" box="[499,638,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="16" pageNumber="451" unit="mm" value="1.45" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.4">1.4–1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The mature tubaria have thick reticulum surrounding proximal lateral and ventral orifices (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A6FFFFA985D8EBFD3C0FC94FF75" box="[394,499,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox="[255,1304,194,1698]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[255,1304,193,1698]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Proximal ends of young and mature tubaria of (A–B) Gothograptus auriculatus n. sp., Bartoszyce IG-1 core, depth 1645.2 m, praedeubeli Biozone, light blue colour indicates ancora umbrella rim; A. immature tubarium with the first three thecae, obverse view, ZPAL G.55/6. B. mature tubarium, obverse view, with wide lists above proximal lateral orifice (dark blue), ZPAL G.55/23. C, D, E, G, H. Gothograptus nassa (Holm, 1890), Mulde Marl, Blåhäll, Gotland, Sweden Locality 813- 832, Blåhäll 1 (Spjeldnaes 1984); C. inside view of proximal end with sicula rim, ZPAL G.55/8. D. outside view of ancora, stereopair, ZPAL G.55/9. E, outside view of ancora, stereopair, ZPAL G.55/10. G. stereopair of proximal end, ventral view, ZPAL G.55/11; H. lateral view with colored reticulated wall of metasicula, ZPAL G.55/12. F. Gothograptus kozlowskii Kozłowska-Dawidziuk, 1990; erratic boulder, Jarosławiec 147, Poland, lundgreni Biozone, outside view of proximal end, with outer ancora, ZPAL G.XIII/43. Abbreviations: anc.—ancora umbrella, lat.—lateral, m-v—mid-ventral list, prox.—proximal, orif.—orifice, th—theca, umb.—umbrella." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2601621/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="451">Fig. 4 H</figureCitation>
|
||
). There is a strong metasicular rim and reticulum around the sicula, which may represent the walls of th1
|
||
<superScript id="7C7A9BA2FFFA985D8E87D3A3FCDDFF4C" attach="left" box="[434,442,223,237]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="451">1</superScript>
|
||
and th1
|
||
<superScript id="7C7A9BA2FFFA985D8D21D3A3FF7BFF4C" attach="none" box="[532,540,223,237]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="451">2</superScript>
|
||
. In some specimens a part of the membrane of the sicula is preserved. An outer ancora is rarely developed in mature specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A6FFFFA985D8D8FD27AFE77FEBE" box="[698,784,262,287]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox="[255,1304,194,1698]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[255,1304,193,1698]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Proximal ends of young and mature tubaria of (A–B) Gothograptus auriculatus n. sp., Bartoszyce IG-1 core, depth 1645.2 m, praedeubeli Biozone, light blue colour indicates ancora umbrella rim; A. immature tubarium with the first three thecae, obverse view, ZPAL G.55/6. B. mature tubarium, obverse view, with wide lists above proximal lateral orifice (dark blue), ZPAL G.55/23. C, D, E, G, H. Gothograptus nassa (Holm, 1890), Mulde Marl, Blåhäll, Gotland, Sweden Locality 813- 832, Blåhäll 1 (Spjeldnaes 1984); C. inside view of proximal end with sicula rim, ZPAL G.55/8. D. outside view of ancora, stereopair, ZPAL G.55/9. E, outside view of ancora, stereopair, ZPAL G.55/10. G. stereopair of proximal end, ventral view, ZPAL G.55/11; H. lateral view with colored reticulated wall of metasicula, ZPAL G.55/12. F. Gothograptus kozlowskii Kozłowska-Dawidziuk, 1990; erratic boulder, Jarosławiec 147, Poland, lundgreni Biozone, outside view of proximal end, with outer ancora, ZPAL G.XIII/43. Abbreviations: anc.—ancora umbrella, lat.—lateral, m-v—mid-ventral list, prox.—proximal, orif.—orifice, th—theca, umb.—umbrella." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2601621/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="451">Figs 4F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A6FFFFA985D8C29D27BFE37FEBE" box="[796,848,263,287]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[267,1323,193,1828]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[267,1323,193,1828]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 12. Mature specimens of Gothograptus nassa (Holm, 1890) from Bartoszyce IG-1 core, depth, Poland. A. distal fragment with eight pairs of thecae and appendix, G.55/16. B. fragment of distal end, ZPAL G.55/17. C–E. tubarium with 12 pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/18; C. ventro-lateral view of specimen; D. enlargement of orifice of th2 1; E. enlargement showing thickness of hood. F. medial part of specimen with five pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/19. G–H. proximal fragment of fragment of specimen with five pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/20; G. ventro-lateral view; H. enlargement of th4 1. I–J. distal fragment of tubarium with 10 pairs of thecae and appendix, ZPAL G.55/21; I. whole specimen; J. enlargement of thecal hood." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2601641/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="451">12D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036EAFFFA985D8FF2D256FF43FE2A" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,1151]" pageId="16" pageNumber="451">
|
||
Genicular hoods of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D69FFFA985D8E9CD257FC8EFEE3" baseAuthorityName="Holm" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[425,489,299,322]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="451" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF8FFFA985D8E9CD257FC8EFEE3" box="[425,489,299,322]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="451">nassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B48848FFFA985D8EC4D257FF46FEE2" box="[497,545,299,323]" pageId="16" pageNumber="451">type</typeStatus>
|
||
are developed successively during astogeny. The new, rich material illustrates hood development through the successive stages of the astogeny of colonies. Hoods are well developed in all thecae in mature colonies (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A6FFFFA985D8EF1D20EFF70FE2A" box="[452,535,370,395]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[267,1323,193,1828]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[267,1323,193,1828]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 12. Mature specimens of Gothograptus nassa (Holm, 1890) from Bartoszyce IG-1 core, depth, Poland. A. distal fragment with eight pairs of thecae and appendix, G.55/16. B. fragment of distal end, ZPAL G.55/17. C–E. tubarium with 12 pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/18; C. ventro-lateral view of specimen; D. enlargement of orifice of th2 1; E. enlargement showing thickness of hood. F. medial part of specimen with five pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/19. G–H. proximal fragment of fragment of specimen with five pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/20; G. ventro-lateral view; H. enlargement of th4 1. I–J. distal fragment of tubarium with 10 pairs of thecae and appendix, ZPAL G.55/21; I. whole specimen; J. enlargement of thecal hood." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2601641/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="451">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036EAFFFA985D8FF2D2EAFDDDFCB6" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,1151]" pageId="16" pageNumber="451">
|
||
The appearance of the first genicular hood in young
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D69FFFA985D8C10D2EBFEE2FE0E" baseAuthorityName="Holm" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[805,901,407,431]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="451" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF8FFFA985D8C10D2EBFEE2FE0E" box="[805,901,407,431]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="451">G. nassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
colonies may be on different thecae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A6FFFFA985D8A0CD2EAF8E8FE0E" box="[1337,1423,406,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1863,1885]" captionTargetBox="[240,1332,193,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[240,1332,193,1842]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. Immature tubaria of Gothograptus nassa (Holm, 1890) from Bartoszyce IG-1, depth 1655.8 m, dubius/nassa Biozone, Poland. A–B. tubarium with 18 pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.28/1, A ventro-lateral view; B. enlargement of hood of th15 1. C–E. ventral view of tubarium with 10 pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/13; C. whole tubarium; D. enlargement of hood of th8 1; E. enlargement of hood of th10 2. F. tubarium with nine pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.28/2. G. tubarium with 10 pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/14. H. tubarium with 13 pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/15." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2601635/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="451">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
). Young tubaria of up to six pairs of thecae usually do not have hoods developed. The first genicular hood may appear on the proximal or medial part of the tubarium. Thus some tubaria do not have hoods on several pairs of thecae but tubaria with e.g. eight pairs of thecae may already have well-developed hoods on six proximal thecae. The longest sub-mature tubarium with eighteen pairs of thecae represents the intermediate stage of colony growth. It has larger hoods in the middle part of the tubarium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A6FFFFA985D8DC1D136FEF5FDC2" box="[756,914,586,611]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[267,1323,193,1828]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[267,1323,193,1828]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 12. Mature specimens of Gothograptus nassa (Holm, 1890) from Bartoszyce IG-1 core, depth, Poland. A. distal fragment with eight pairs of thecae and appendix, G.55/16. B. fragment of distal end, ZPAL G.55/17. C–E. tubarium with 12 pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/18; C. ventro-lateral view of specimen; D. enlargement of orifice of th2 1; E. enlargement showing thickness of hood. F. medial part of specimen with five pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/19. G–H. proximal fragment of fragment of specimen with five pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/20; G. ventro-lateral view; H. enlargement of th4 1. I–J. distal fragment of tubarium with 10 pairs of thecae and appendix, ZPAL G.55/21; I. whole specimen; J. enlargement of thecal hood." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2601641/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="451">Fig. 12A, C, I</figureCitation>
|
||
). The size of hoods increases during astogeny; in mature colonies the larger hoods, especially in the distal part of the tubarium, cover the thecal orifices for some distance below. The largest hoods are usually located in the medial part of colonies (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A6FFFFA985D8B7FD1EEF9AEFD0A" box="[1098,1225,658,683]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[267,1323,193,1828]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[267,1323,193,1828]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 12. Mature specimens of Gothograptus nassa (Holm, 1890) from Bartoszyce IG-1 core, depth, Poland. A. distal fragment with eight pairs of thecae and appendix, G.55/16. B. fragment of distal end, ZPAL G.55/17. C–E. tubarium with 12 pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/18; C. ventro-lateral view of specimen; D. enlargement of orifice of th2 1; E. enlargement showing thickness of hood. F. medial part of specimen with five pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/19. G–H. proximal fragment of fragment of specimen with five pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/20; G. ventro-lateral view; H. enlargement of th4 1. I–J. distal fragment of tubarium with 10 pairs of thecae and appendix, ZPAL G.55/21; I. whole specimen; J. enlargement of thecal hood." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2601641/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="451">Fig. 12A, I</figureCitation>
|
||
). The distal thecae are shorter and their genicular hoods are irregular. The rich material of different stages of astogenetic growth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D69FFFA985D8AB1D1CBFDB0FD53" baseAuthorityName="Holm" baseAuthorityYear="1890" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="451" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF8FFFA985D8AB1D1CBFDB0FD53" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="451">G. nassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
colonies also shows a marked variability in the shape of hoods from almost rectangular to ovate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A6FFFFA985D8A05D1A6FDCAFCB6" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[267,1323,193,1828]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[267,1323,193,1828]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 12. Mature specimens of Gothograptus nassa (Holm, 1890) from Bartoszyce IG-1 core, depth, Poland. A. distal fragment with eight pairs of thecae and appendix, G.55/16. B. fragment of distal end, ZPAL G.55/17. C–E. tubarium with 12 pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/18; C. ventro-lateral view of specimen; D. enlargement of orifice of th2 1; E. enlargement showing thickness of hood. F. medial part of specimen with five pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/19. G–H. proximal fragment of fragment of specimen with five pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/20; G. ventro-lateral view; H. enlargement of th4 1. I–J. distal fragment of tubarium with 10 pairs of thecae and appendix, ZPAL G.55/21; I. whole specimen; J. enlargement of thecal hood." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2601641/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="451">Fig. 12A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036EAFFFA985D8FF2D05FF99EFC22" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,1151]" pageId="16" pageNumber="451">
|
||
In mature colonies the clathrial and reticular lists have similar thicknesses. The proximal orifices, both ventral and lateral in old colonies, are partly overgrown by some reticular lists. The nema is thicker at the distal end, and extends about
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B0FFFFA985D8E0CD016FCA7FC23" box="[313,448,874,899]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="451" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
out of the tubarium. The appendix is well developed, about
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B0FFFFA985D8B56D016F9DEFC23" box="[1123,1209,874,899]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="451" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3156561FFFA985D8FF2D0F2FE8DFBDE" pageId="16" pageNumber="451" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036EAFFFA985D8FF2D0F2FE8DFBDE" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,1151]" pageId="16" pageNumber="451">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF8FFFA985D8FF2D0F2FC53FC06" bold="true" box="[199,308,910,935]" pageId="16" pageNumber="451">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. The thickened sicular rim and sicular reticulum, as well as an outer ancora umbrella, were first described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B1BFFFA985D8E07D0CFFE6CFC6A" author="Bates, D. E. B. & Kirk, N. H." box="[306,779,946,971]" pageId="16" pageNumber="451" pagination="427 - 465" refId="ref10303" refString="Bates, D. E. B. & Kirk, N. H. (1978) Contrasting modes of construction of retiolite-type rhabdosomes. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 23, 427 - 465." type="journal article" year="1978">Bates & Kirk (1978, p. 431, pls. 2, 6–7)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B1BFFFA985D8C2DD0CEF90BFC6A" author="Obut, A. M. & Zaslavskaya, N. M." box="[792,1132,946,971]" pageId="16" pageNumber="451" pagination="30 - 33" refId="ref12177" refString="Obut, A. M. & Zaslavskaya, N. M. (1979) Razvitie rabdosom i ekologiya Gothograptus nassa (Holm). In: Betekhtina A. O. & Zhuravleva, T. I. (Eds.), Sreda i Zhihn v Geologicheskom Proshlom. Vol. 43, Vaprosy Ekostratigrfii. Nauka, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, pp. 30 - 33. [in Russian]" type="book chapter" year="1979">Obut and Zaslavskaya (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the astogeny of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D69FFFA985D8FA2D0ABFC1BFC4E" baseAuthorityName="Holm" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[151,380,983,1007]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="451" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF8FFFA985D8FA2D0ABFC1BFC4E" box="[151,380,983,1007]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="451">Gothograptus nassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on material from the deep 1-R core of from the Kaliningrad District of the Peribaltic Syncline, from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D69FFFA985D8E46D087FF09FBB2" authority="Biozone. Based" authorityName="Biozone. Based" box="[371,622,1018,1043]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="451" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF8FFFA985D8E46D087FCD4FBB3" box="[371,435,1019,1042]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="451">nassa</emphasis>
|
||
Biozone. Based
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the specimens illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B1BFFFA985D8CD4D086F99CFBB2" author="Boucek, B. & Munch, A." box="[993,1275,1018,1043]" pageId="16" pageNumber="451" pagination="1 - 151" refId="ref10591" refString="Boucek, B. & Munch, A. (1952) Retioliti stredoevropskeho svrchniho wenloku a ludlowu. Sbornik Ustredniho Ustavu geologickeho 19, oddil paleontologicky, 1 - 151." type="journal article" year="1952">Bouček & Münch (1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figs. 3e, f) at various stages of growth, co-occurring with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D69FFFA985D8D9CD763FE6AFB96" box="[681,781,1055,1079]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="451" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF8FFFA985D8D9CD763FE6AFB96" box="[681,781,1055,1079]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="451">G. nassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the authors established that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D69FFFA985D8B5AD763FCCEFBFA" authority="Boucek & Munch, 1952" authorityName="Boucek & Munch" authorityYear="1952" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="451" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="intermedius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF8FFFA985D8B5AD763F8FBFB96" box="[1135,1436,1055,1079]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="451">Gothograptus intermedius</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B1BFFFA985D8FA2D73EFCCEFBFA" author="Boucek, B. & Munch, A." box="[151,425,1090,1115]" pageId="16" pageNumber="451" pagination="1 - 151" refId="ref10591" refString="Boucek, B. & Munch, A. (1952) Retioliti stredoevropskeho svrchniho wenloku a ludlowu. Sbornik Ustredniho Ustavu geologickeho 19, oddil paleontologicky, 1 - 151." type="journal article" year="1952">Bouček & Münch, 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
represents young stages of growth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D69FFFA985D8C69D73FFEDBFBFB" box="[860,956,1091,1114]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="451" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF8FFFA985D8C69D73FFEDBFBFB" box="[860,956,1091,1114]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="451">G. nassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The observations presented herein, based on material from the cores of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318767AFFFA985D8ED1D71AFF28FBDE" box="[484,591,1126,1151]" name="Lithuania" pageId="16" pageNumber="451">Lithuania</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318767AFFFA985D8DB0D71AFFB1FBDE" box="[645,726,1126,1151]" name="Poland" pageId="16" pageNumber="451">Poland</collectingCountry>
|
||
, support this judgement.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |