244 lines
22 KiB
XML
244 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594" ID-GBIF-Dataset="adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458594" approvalRequired="120" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="95" approvalRequired_for_treatments="25" checkinTime="1600878147105" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03A687BCFFF8FFF813BEF5F0F7A4F5CC" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Uroderma convexum Lyon 1902" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="557" masterDocId="FF9FFFC4FFB1FFB1133CFFBAFFE0F244" masterDocTitle="Phyllostomidae" masterLastPageNumber="583" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="557" updateTime="1656353518553" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Phyllostomidae</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
|
||
<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
|
||
<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
|
||
<mods:place>
|
||
<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
|
||
</mods:place>
|
||
</mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>444</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>583</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6458594</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6760859" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6760859" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687BCFFF8FFF813BEF5F0F7A4F5CC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687BCFFF8FFF813BEF5F0F7A4F5CC" lastPageNumber="557" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<subSubSection box="[130,210,2634,2680]" pageId="73" pageNumber="557" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="73.[125,1159,2634,2761]" box="[130,210,2634,2680]" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<heading box="[130,210,2634,2680]" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<figureCitation box="[130,210,2634,2680]" captionStart="Plate 42: Phyllostomidae" captionStartId="69.[132,162,3301,3326]" captionTargetBox="[19,2765,12,3653]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="143. Guadeloupean Big-eyed Bat (Charoderma tmprovisum), 144. Little Big-eyed Bat (Charoderma trinitatum), 145. Salvin’s Big-eyed Bat (Chiroderma salvini), 146. Hairy Big-eyed Bat (Chiroderma villosum), 147. Brazilian Big-eyed Bat (Chiroderma doriae), 148. Vizotto’s Big-eyed Bat (Chiroderma vizottoi), 149. Bidentate Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyriscus bidens), 150. Brock’s Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyriscus brocki), 151. Striped Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyriscus nymphaea), 152. Baker’s Tent-making Bat (Uroderma bakeri), 153. Common Tent-making Bat (Uroderma bilobatum), 154. Pacific Tent-making Bat (Uroderma convexum), 155. Davis’s Tent-making Bat (Uroderma dauvisi), 156. Brown Tent-making Bat (Uroderma magnirostrum), 157. Kalko’s Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyressa elisabethae), 158. Melissa’s Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyressa melissa), 159. Quechuan Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyressa sinchi), 160. Northern Little Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyressa thyone), 161. Southern Little Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyressa pusilla), 162. MacConnell’s Bat (Mesophylla macconnelli), 163. Caracciolo’s Stripe-faced Bat (Vampyrodes caraccioli), 164. Great Stripe-faced Bat (Vampyrodes major)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6459035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6459035/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">154.</figureCitation>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[227,723,2634,2680]" pageId="73" pageNumber="557" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="73.[125,1159,2634,2761]" box="[227,723,2634,2680]" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<heading box="[227,723,2634,2680]" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<vernacularName box="[227,723,2634,2680]" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">Pacific Tent-making Bat</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[798,1159,2634,2680]" pageId="73" pageNumber="557" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="73.[125,1159,2634,2761]" box="[798,1159,2634,2680]" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<heading box="[798,1159,2634,2680]" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lyon" authorityYear="1902" box="[798,1159,2634,2680]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Uroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="convexum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[798,1159,2634,2680]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">Uroderma convexum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="73" pageNumber="557" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="73.[125,1159,2634,2761]" box="[127,1043,2699,2720]" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<heading box="[127,1043,2699,2720]" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[127,203,2699,2720]" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">French:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[212,396,2699,2720]" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">Uroderme de Lyon</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[418,508,2699,2720]" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">German:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[519,737,2699,2720]" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">Pazifik-Zeltfledermaus</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[758,849,2699,2720]" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">Spanish:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[859,1043,2699,2720]" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">Urodermo de Lyon</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="73.[125,1159,2634,2761]" box="[127,626,2738,2759]" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<heading box="[127,626,2738,2759]" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[127,374,2738,2759]" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">Other common names:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[382,626,2738,2759]" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">Arcuate Tent-making Bat</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="73" pageNumber="557" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="73.[740,1333,2807,3231]" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[740,896,2807,2836]" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lyon" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Uroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="convexum">Uroderma convexum lyon, 1902</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation pageId="73" pageNumber="557">
|
||
“Colon,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[944,1081,2847,2876]" name="Colombia" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
[= Colon, Colon, Panamal.”
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="73" pageNumber="557" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="73.[740,1333,2807,3231]" lastBlockId="73.[127,1333,3238,3469]" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">
|
||
Until 2014,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[925,1046,2922,2955]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Uroderma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Uroderma</taxonomicName>
|
||
was thought to include only two species, with
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1167,1333,2961,2994]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Uroderma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bilobatum">U. bilobatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
having six subspecies, some of which have been distinguished as valid species through morphometric, karyotypic, and molecular analyses.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1024,1145,3119,3152]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Uroderma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Uroderma</taxonomicName>
|
||
b. molaris, described by W. B. Davis in 1968, with type locality in Palenque,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1078,1191,3206,3231]" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1221,1326,3206,3231]" name="Mexico" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, seemsto represent a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[593,755,3238,3271]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Uroderma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="convexum">U. convexum</taxonomicName>
|
||
and not a subspecies. Easternmost karyotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[233,395,3277,3310]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Uroderma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="convexum">U. convexum</taxonomicName>
|
||
(2n = 38) is in Melgar, Tolima Department, in the Colombian inter-Andean valley of the Magdalena River. Monotypic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="73" pageNumber="557" type="distribution">
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6684917" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6684917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6684917/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="557" startId="73.[128,300,3356,3389]" targetBox="[126,718,2812,3228]" targetPageId="73">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="73.[127,1333,3238,3469]" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[128,304,3356,3389]" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Atlantic side of S
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[577,679,3356,3389]" name="Mexico" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(except
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[809,920,3356,3389]" country="Mexico" name="Yucatan" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">Yucatan</collectingRegion>
|
||
Peninsula),
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1106,1259,3356,3389]" name="Guatemala" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[129,269,3396,3429]" name="Honduras" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||
S along both sides of Central America in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[866,1011,3396,3429]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1028,1176,3396,3429]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Panama" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
to N South America in W
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[545,682,3436,3469]" name="Colombia" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and W
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[792,910,3436,3469]" name="Ecuador" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="73" pageNumber="557" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="73.[1395,2609,276,1930]" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1396,1643,276,309]" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head—body 59-69 mm (tailless), ear 12-18 mm, hindfoot 9-13 mm, forearm 40-44 mm; weight 13-20 g. The Pacific Tent-making Bat is medium-sized, with dark gray or gray-brown upperparts. Hairs are bicolored, with light pale bases. White stripe extends
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1699,1844,394,427]" form="back" pageId="73" pageNumber="557" rank="form">form back</taxonomicName>
|
||
of head to rump. Facial stripes are prominent above and below eye, and upperstripe extends overhead to back of ear. Ears and noseleaft are prominently edged with yellow or white. Tail membrane is relatively long and Ushaped. Main difference between the Pacific Tent-making Bat and the Common Tentmaking Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1579,1746,551,584]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Uroderma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bilobatum">U. bilobatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is that the molar tooth row of the Pacific Tent-making Batis convex and less nearly parallel. Teeth also are slightly smaller in the Pacific Tent-making Bat, and its rostrum is shorter and broader, with flattened nasals. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 38 and FN = 44.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="73" pageNumber="557" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="73.[1395,2609,276,1930]" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1397,1508,709,742]" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Lowlands of Pacific and Caribbean coast below
|
||
<quantity box="[2202,2306,709,742]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="73" pageNumber="557" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
|
||
. Pacific Tent-making Bats spend much oftheir foraging time in riparian habitats; however, they also forage in mature and secondary forests and several anthropogenic habitats, contributing to dispersal of at least eleven species of plants.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="73" pageNumber="557" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="73.[1395,2609,276,1930]" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1398,1664,866,899]" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Diets of species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1952,2073,866,899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Uroderma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Uroderma</taxonomicName>
|
||
primarily include fruit (mainly figs), followed by small amounts of pollen, nectar, and insects that are associated with fruits or flowers. The Pacific Tent-making Bat eats fruits from c.40 known plant species (13 genera and ten families). Besides
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1896,1963,989,1018]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="73" pageNumber="557" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ficus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1988,2133,989,1018]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="73" pageNumber="557" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), diets also include
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2430,2498,989,1018]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="73" pageNumber="557" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Piper</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="73" pageNumber="557" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Piperaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1513,1683,1032,1057]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Philodendron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="73" pageNumber="557" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Philodendron</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1708,1828,1032,1057]" family="Araceae" pageId="73" pageNumber="557" rank="family">Araceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1862,1967,1032,1057]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Cecropia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="73" pageNumber="557" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cecropia</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1993,2151,1032,1057]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="73" pageNumber="557" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Urticaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2183,2296,1032,1057]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="73" pageNumber="557" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Solanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2321,2485,1032,1057]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="73" pageNumber="557" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2521,2605,1032,1057]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hypericaceae" genus="Vismia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="557" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vismia</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1412,1610,1068,1097]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hypericaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="557" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Hypericaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1642,1785,1068,1097]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Quararibea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="73" pageNumber="557" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quararibea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1810,1963,1068,1097]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="73" pageNumber="557" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1996,2077,1068,1097]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Clusia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="557" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Clusia</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2102,2258,1068,1097]" family="Clusiaceae" pageId="73" pageNumber="557" rank="family">Clusiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Brossmum (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2442,2587,1068,1097]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="73" pageNumber="557" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1461,1567,1105,1138]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Psidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="73" pageNumber="557" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Psidium</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1588,1740,1105,1138]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="73" pageNumber="557" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="73" pageNumber="557" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="73.[1395,2609,276,1930]" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1398,1533,1143,1176]" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Reproduction of the Pacific Tent-making Bat is bimodal polyestry, with young flyting and independently foraging at c.1 month of age. Mating system is harembased, with a single reproductive male and multiple females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="73" pageNumber="557" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="73.[1395,2609,276,1930]" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1397,1633,1261,1294]" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Pacific Tent-making Batis nocturnal. It roosts in leaf tents, hollow logs, caves, unmodified leaves, and human buildings. One of the most used plants for tents is the coconut tree, but other introduced plants in anthropomorphic habitats such as plantations, gardens, and cattle ranches are used as roosts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="73" pageNumber="557" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="73.[1395,2609,276,1930]" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1399,2097,1419,1452]" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
The number of individuals of Pacific Tent-making Bat in a roost depends on the type of roost. It is gregarious and usually found in groups of 15-59 individuals. Night feeding roosts can be up to
|
||
<quantity box="[2425,2526,1498,1531]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="73" pageNumber="557" unit="m" value="1800.0">1800 m</quantity>
|
||
from day roosts, but males frequently restrict movements to fruiting plants within
|
||
<quantity box="[2483,2567,1537,1570]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="73" pageNumber="557" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
|
||
of their day roosts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="73" pageNumber="557" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="73.[1395,2609,276,1930]" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1400,1750,1616,1649]" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Not assessed on The [UCN Red List. The Pacific Tent-making Bat was previously considered part of the Common Tent-making Bat, which is classified as Least Concern. A proper assessment of the recently recognized Pacific Tent-making Bat is needed to fully understand its conservation status.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="73" pageNumber="557" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="73.[1395,2609,276,1930]" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1401,1553,1783,1808]" pageId="73" pageNumber="557">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Baker & Clark (1987), Baker & Lopez (1970a), Baker, Atchley & McDaniel (1972), Davis (1968), Fleming et al. (1972), Giannini & Kalko (2004), Hoffmann et al. (2003), LaVal & Rodriguez-Herrera (2002), Lobova et al. (2009), Lyon (1902), Mantilla-Meluk (2014), Reid (2009), Rodriguez-Herrera & Wilson (1999), Sagot et al. (2013), Sampaio et al. (2008), Villalobos-Chaves etal. (2015).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |