222 lines
18 KiB
XML
222 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594" ID-GBIF-Dataset="adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458594" approvalRequired="120" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="95" approvalRequired_for_treatments="25" checkinTime="1600878147105" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03A687BCFFE4FFE413BDFE13FB2EF883" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Enchisthenes hartii" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="569" masterDocId="FF9FFFC4FFB1FFB1133CFFBAFFE0F244" masterDocTitle="Phyllostomidae" masterLastPageNumber="583" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="569" updateTime="1656353518553" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phyllostomidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>444</mods:start>
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<mods:end>583</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6458594</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6761622" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6761622" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687BCFFE4FFE413BDFE13FB2EF883" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687BCFFE4FFE413BDFE13FB2EF883" lastPageNumber="569" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">
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<subSubSection box="[129,209,425,471]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="85.[125,1114,425,550]" box="[129,209,425,471]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">
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<heading box="[129,209,425,471]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">
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<figureCitation box="[129,209,425,471]" captionStart="Plate 43: Phyllostomidae" captionStartId="79.[122,152,3291,3316]" captionTargetBox="[12,2757,15,3657]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="165. White-lined Broad-nosed Bat (Platyrrhinus lineatus), 166. Short-headed Broad-nosed Bat (Platyrrhainus brachycephalus), 167. Heller's Broad-nosed Bat (Platyrrhinus helleri), 168. Matapalo Broad-nosed Bat (Platyrrhinus matapalensis), 169. Recife Broad-nosed Bat (Platyrrhinus recifinus), 170. Guianan Broad-nosed Bat (Platyrrhinus guianensis), 171. Incan Broad-nosed Bat (Platyrrhinus incarum), 172. Slender Broad-nosed Bat (Platyrrhinus angustirostris), 173. Brown-bellied Broad-nosed Bat (Platyrriunus fuscrventris), 174. Alberico’s Broad-nosed Bat (Platyrrhinus albericoi), 175. Greater Broad-nosed Bat (Platyrrhinus vittatus), 176. Choco Broad-nosed Bat (Platyrrhinus chocoensis), 177. Thomas’s Broad-nosed Bat (Platyrrhinus dorsalis), 178. Bufty Broad-nosed Bat (Platyrrhinus infuscus), 179. Darien Broad-nosed Bat (Platyriunus aquilus), 180. Eldorado Broad-nosed Bat (Platyrrhinus aurarius), 181. Ismael’s Broad-nosed Bat (Platyrrhinus ismaeli), 182. Quechuan Broad-nosed Bat (Platyrrhinus masu), 183. Shadowy Broad-nosed Bat (Platyrrhinus umbratus), 184. Western Broad-nosed Bat (Platyrrhinus nitelinea), 185. Velvety Fruit-eating Bat (Enchisthenes hart), 186. Honduran White Bat (Ectophylla alba)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6459037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6459037/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">185.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[223,707,425,471]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="85.[125,1114,425,550]" box="[223,707,425,471]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">
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<heading box="[223,707,425,471]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">
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<vernacularName box="[223,707,425,471]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">Velvety Fruit-eating Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[774,1114,425,471]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="85.[125,1114,425,550]" box="[774,1114,425,471]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">
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<heading box="[774,1114,425,471]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[774,1114,425,471]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Enchisthenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="569" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hartii">
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<emphasis box="[774,1114,425,471]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">Enchisthenes hartii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="85" pageNumber="569" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="85.[125,1114,425,550]" box="[126,979,489,510]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">
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<heading box="[126,979,489,510]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[126,202,489,510]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[210,415,489,510]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">Sténoderme de Hart</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[436,526,489,510]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[537,691,489,510]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">Hart-Speernase</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[712,803,489,510]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[813,979,489,510]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">Platirrino de Hart</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="85.[125,1114,425,550]" box="[125,585,529,550]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">
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<heading box="[125,585,529,550]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[125,373,529,550]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[383,585,529,550]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">Hart's Little Fruit Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="85" pageNumber="569" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="85.[735,1331,599,1022]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[739,894,599,628]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Thomas, 1892" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1892" box="[912,1323,599,628]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="569" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hartii">Artibeus hartii Thomas, 1892</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation pageId="85" pageNumber="569">
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“
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<collectingCountry box="[752,877,642,667]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
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,”
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<collectingCountry box="[921,1253,642,667]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">Trinidad and Tobago</collectingCountry>
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. Restricted by O. Thomas in 1893 to Botanic Gardens,
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<collectingRegion box="[876,1061,721,746]" country="Trinidad and Tobago" name="Port of Spain" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">Port-of-Spain</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1076,1200,721,746]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="85" pageNumber="569" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="85.[735,1331,599,1022]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">
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Similar to other small fruit-eating bats, E. hart was associated with
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<taxonomicName box="[1158,1264,791,824]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="569" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Artibeus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName box="[740,889,835,864]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Dermanura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="569" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Dermanura</taxonomicName>
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. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="85" pageNumber="569" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458969" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458969/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="569" targetBox="[125,715,603,1016]" targetPageId="85">
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<paragraph blockId="85.[735,1331,599,1022]" lastBlockId="85.[125,1336,1036,2759]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[740,916,870,903]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">Distribution.</emphasis>
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WC & NE Mexico from C Jalisco on Pacific slope and S Tamaulipas on Gulf slope S through Central America (absent from Yucatan Peninsula, N
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<collectingCountry name="Guatemala" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry box="[280,370,1036,1061]" name="Belize" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">Belize</collectingCountry>
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), to
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<collectingCountry box="[439,578,1036,1061]" name="Colombia" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[595,742,1036,1061]" name="Venezuela" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[760,1064,1036,1061]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">Trinidad and Tobago</collectingCountry>
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Is,
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<collectingCountry box="[1120,1238,1036,1061]" name="Ecuador" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1256,1323,1036,1061]" name="Peru" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">Peru</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry box="[192,288,1072,1101]" name="Bolivia" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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; there is an extralimital record from S
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<collectingRegion box="[861,974,1072,1101]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">Arizona</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[993,1057,1072,1101]" name="United States of America" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">USA</collectingCountry>
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, but this specimen might have been unintentionally imported.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="85" pageNumber="569" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="85.[125,1336,1036,2759]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[126,373,1151,1180]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 55-68 mm (tailless), ear 14-18 mm, hindfoot 11-14 mm, forearm 38-42 mm; weight 14-18 g. The Velvety Fruit-eating Bat is small, similar to species in the subgenus
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<taxonomicName box="[423,573,1226,1259]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Dermanura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="569" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Dermanura</taxonomicName>
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. Dorsal pelage, chin, and throat are chocolate-brown to almost blackish (especially head); dorsal fur is short (4-5 mm), dense, and velvety, with two color bands. Venteris gray-brown, and tips of hairs are not frosted. Two pairs of narrow but distinct buffy stripes run over and below eyes. Noseleaf and pinnae are blackish, horseshoe of noseleafis fused below nostrils, and spear is short and broad. Distal margins of pinnae are lighter (pale brownish). Proximal one-half of forearm, dorsal side of legs and feet, and uropatagium are densely haired. Plagiopatagium attaches to ankles. Uropatagium is very narrow, 3-4 mm width, with deep V-shaped groove and noticeable fringe on its margin. Dental formula is
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<date box="[1038,1081,1546,1575]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">I 2</date>
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/2, C 1/1, P 2/2, M 3/3 (
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<date box="[240,275,1585,1614]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">x2</date>
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) = 32. Cutting edge of I' is simple and pointed (no indication of a notch). M?® and M, are well developed and aligned with tooth rows. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 30-31 and FN = 56. X-chromosome is subtelocentric, Y-chromosomeis submetacentric, and Y,chromosomeis acrocentric.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="85" pageNumber="569" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="85.[125,1336,1036,2759]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[127,238,1739,1772]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Tropical and subtropical evergreen highland forests, forest fragments, and also deciduous and open dry forests (rare) and croplands from lowlands up to elevations of
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<quantity box="[250,355,1818,1851]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.54" pageId="85" pageNumber="569" unit="m" value="3540.0">3540 m</quantity>
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(usually above
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<quantity box="[589,699,1818,1851]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="85" pageNumber="569" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
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). The Velvety Fruit-eating Bat prefers moist habitats and stratified tropical evergreen forests.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="85" pageNumber="569" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="85.[125,1336,1036,2759]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[128,400,1897,1930]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Velvety Fruit-eating Bats in south-western
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<collectingCountry box="[1030,1167,1897,1930]" name="Colombia" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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fed almost exclusively on small figs (
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<taxonomicName box="[492,560,1937,1970]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="85" pageNumber="569" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ficus</taxonomicName>
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spp.,
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<taxonomicName box="[648,786,1937,1970]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="85" pageNumber="569" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
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) in April-August, probably associated with local peak fruit production. Diet is predominantly fruits, mostly those c.
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<quantity box="[1224,1292,1976,2009]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="85" pageNumber="569" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
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in diameter. At least nine species of five genera and five families are known in its diet.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="85" pageNumber="569" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="85.[125,1336,1036,2759]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[128,262,2055,2088]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Reproductive activity of Velvety Fruit-eating Bats occurred in January-September, with a probable period of inactivity late in the year. This reproductive quiescence was corroborated for individuals in south-western
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<collectingCountry box="[987,1124,2134,2167]" name="Colombia" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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(no pregnant females in December). A female from
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<collectingCountry box="[667,785,2173,2206]" name="Ecuador" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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was pregnant in December, and others were pregnant or lactating when caught in January. Pregnant or lactating females have been found in January-February in Central America; March-May and July-August in
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<collectingCountry box="[127,274,2292,2325]" name="Venezuela" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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; and April-May, July, and September in
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<collectingCountry box="[852,991,2292,2325]" name="Colombia" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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. Lactating females were found in May—August in southern
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<collectingCountry box="[614,716,2332,2365]" name="Mexico" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry box="[789,937,2332,2365]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="85" pageNumber="569" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="85.[125,1336,1036,2759]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[127,366,2371,2404]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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The Velvety Fruit-eating Bat probably flies high in upper levels of forests, but most mist-nets captures are over streams through the forest or over water in clearings. It can be common near areas with a large surplus of resources (e.g. fruit groves).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[128,1068,2533,2562]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="85.[125,1336,1036,2759]" box="[128,1068,2533,2562]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[128,829,2533,2562]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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No information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="85" pageNumber="569" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="85.[125,1336,1036,2759]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,475,2569,2602]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Velvety Fruit-eating Bat has a wide distribution and occurs in protected areas. It is considered uncommon to rare but can be locally common.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="85" pageNumber="569" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="85.[125,1336,1036,2759]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[130,283,2695,2720]" pageId="85" pageNumber="569">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Albuja (1999), Arroyo-Cabrales & Owen (1996, 1997), Irwin & Baker (1967), Koopman (1978), Marques-Aguiar (2008b), Owen (1987), Reid (2009), Thomas, M.E. (1972), Thomas, O. (1892, 1893a).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |