226 lines
19 KiB
XML
226 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594" ID-GBIF-Dataset="adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458594" approvalRequired="120" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="95" approvalRequired_for_treatments="25" checkinTime="1600878147105" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03A687BCFFD1FFD1138AFC7AFE51F910" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Artibeus gnomus Handley 1987" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="580" masterDocId="FF9FFFC4FFB1FFB1133CFFBAFFE0F244" masterDocTitle="Phyllostomidae" masterLastPageNumber="583" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="580" updateTime="1656353518553" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phyllostomidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>444</mods:start>
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<mods:end>583</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6458594</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6762028" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6762028" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687BCFFD1FFD1138AFC7AFE51F910" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687BCFFD1FFD1138AFC7AFE51F910" lastPageNumber="580" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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<subSubSection box="[182,264,960,1006]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="96.[180,1109,960,1086]" box="[182,264,960,1006]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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<heading box="[182,264,960,1006]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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<figureCitation box="[182,264,960,1006]" captionStart="Plate 44: Phyllostomidae" captionStartId="87.[142,171,3248,3273]" captionTargetBox="[12,2759,16,3658]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="187. Brown Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus concolor), 188. Honduran Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus inopinatus), 189. Fraternal Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus fraterculus), 190. Hairy Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus hirsutus), 192. Ecuadorian Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus aequatorialis), 193. Jamaican Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus jamaicenss), 194. Dark Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus obscurus), 195. Schwartz’s Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus schwartzi), 196. Great Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus lLituratus), 197. Large Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus amplus), 198. Flat-faced Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus planirostris), 199. Rosenberg’s Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus rosenberg), 200. Thomas's Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus watsoni), 201. Toltec Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus toltecus), 202. Pygmy Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus phaeotis), 203. Gervais’s Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus cinereus), 204. Andersen’s Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus anderseni), 205. Little Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus ravus), 206. Aztec Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus aztecus), 207. Bogota Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus bogotensis), 208. Silvery Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus glaucus), 209. Dwarf Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus gnomus), 210. Jamaican Fig-eating Bat (Ariteus flavescens), 211. Tree Bat (Ardops nichollsi), 212. Red Fruit Bat (Stenoderma rufum), 213. Wrinkle-faced Bat (Centurio senex), 214. Ipanema Broad-nosed Bat (Pygoderma bilabiatum), 215. Visored Bat (Sphaeronycteris toxophyllum), 216. Little White-shouldered Bat (Ametrida centurio), 217. Cuban Fig-eating Bat (Phyllops falcatus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6459039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6459039/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">209.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[281,744,960,1006]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="96.[180,1109,960,1086]" box="[281,744,960,1006]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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<heading box="[281,744,960,1006]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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<vernacularName box="[281,744,960,1006]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Dwarf Fruit-eating Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[810,1109,960,1006]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="96.[180,1109,960,1086]" box="[810,1109,960,1006]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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<heading box="[810,1109,960,1006]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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<taxonomicName authority="Handley, 1987" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1987" box="[810,1109,960,1006]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gnomus">
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<emphasis box="[810,1109,960,1006]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Artibeus gnomus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="96" pageNumber="580" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="96.[180,1109,960,1086]" box="[181,1062,1024,1045]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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<heading box="[181,1062,1024,1045]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[181,257,1024,1045]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[266,439,1024,1045]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Dermanure naine</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[459,550,1024,1045]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[559,802,1024,1045]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Zwergsilberfruchtvampir</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[822,914,1024,1045]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[922,994,1024,1045]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Artibeo</vernacularName>
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enano
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="96.[180,1109,960,1086]" box="[181,712,1063,1084]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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<heading box="[181,712,1063,1084]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[181,428,1063,1084]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[438,712,1063,1084]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Dwarf Little Fruit-eating Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="96" pageNumber="580" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="96.[793,1387,1129,1557]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[793,946,1129,1162]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Handley, 1987" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1987" box="[959,1379,1129,1162]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gnomus">Artibeus gnomus Handley, 1987</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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“El Manaco (= Km 74),
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<quantity box="[1144,1232,1172,1201]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" unit="km" value="39.0">39 km</quantity>
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SE El Dorado,
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<collectingRegion box="[874,969,1216,1241]" country="Venezuela" name="Bolivar" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Bolivar</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[983,1127,1216,1241]" name="Venezuela" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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,
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<quantity box="[1145,1230,1216,1241]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</quantity>
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.”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph blockId="96.[793,1387,1129,1557]" lastBlockId="96.[178,1389,1567,2900]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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<subSubSection pageId="96" pageNumber="580" type="discussion">
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<taxonomicName box="[793,1006,1247,1280]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gnomus">Artibeus gnomus</taxonomicName>
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is placed in
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<taxonomicName box="[1197,1343,1247,1280]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Dermanura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Dermanura</taxonomicName>
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by some authors, but itis reassigned to
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<taxonomicName box="[1284,1387,1295,1320]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Artibeus</taxonomicName>
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(subgenus
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<taxonomicName box="[954,1100,1330,1359]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Dermanura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Dermanura</taxonomicName>
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) after reinterpretation of molecular results. Before its description, some populations were referred to as A.
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<taxonomicName box="[830,928,1445,1478]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Rhinophylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pumilio">pumilio</taxonomicName>
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, although that name is now associated with A.
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<taxonomicName box="[988,1086,1485,1518]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glaucus">glaucus</taxonomicName>
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. Monotypic.
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="96" pageNumber="580" type="distribution">
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||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6686412" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6686412" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6686412/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" startId="96.[793,962,1511,1557]" targetBox="[178,770,1138,1553]" targetPageId="96">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[793,966,1511,1557]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Distribution.</emphasis>
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South America, E of Andes, including E
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<collectingCountry box="[347,491,1567,1596]" name="Venezuela" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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||
, the Guianas, E
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<collectingCountry box="[713,849,1567,1596]" name="Colombia" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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, E
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<collectingCountry box="[892,1007,1567,1596]" name="Ecuador" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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, E
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<collectingCountry box="[1049,1115,1567,1596]" name="Peru" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Peru</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1131,1224,1567,1596]" name="Bolivia" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry box="[1299,1379,1567,1596]" name="Brazil" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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.
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="96" pageNumber="580" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="96.[178,1389,1567,2900]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[181,425,1607,1636]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 44-54 mm (tailless), ear 14-19 mm, hindfoot 9-10 mm, forearm 34-38 mm; weight 8-13 g. The Dwarf Fruit-eating Bat has gray-brown to brown dorsal pelage, and hairs are faintly tricolored (very pale basal band followed by medium to dark gray band and light-brown tip). Ventral fur is paler. Facial stripes are bright white and sharply defined. Noseleaf and horseshoe are gray-brown medially and yellowish to the sides; ears are brownish, edged with yellowish narrow rim, but entire tragusis yellowish. Proximal one-half (dorsal) of forearm is covered with dense and long body fur. Wing membranes are blackish and attach to base of outer toes. Short brown hairs sparsely cover dorsal surface of leg. Uropatagium is sooty brown, with dorsal surface almost naked, and deeply emarginated. Cranially, rostrum is very short, with supraorbital region well inflated. Dental formulais 12/2, C1/1,P 2/2, M 2/2 (
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<date box="[908,942,2002,2031]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">x2</date>
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) =
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<date box="[989,1050,2002,2031]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">28. I</date>
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! are distinctly bilobated.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="96" pageNumber="580" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="96.[178,1389,1567,2900]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[180,289,2045,2070]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Forested areas, pristine humid lowland forests, forest edges, crop fields in recovery (second growth forests), and cerrado formations and savannas at elevations of 100-680 m.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="96" pageNumber="580" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="96.[178,1389,1567,2900]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[180,441,2156,2189]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The Dwarf Fruit-eating Bat is considered frugivorous and feeds on fruits in the canopy; however,its specific habits are unknown. Its diet includes figs (
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<taxonomicName box="[1320,1387,2195,2228]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ficus</taxonomicName>
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spp.,
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<taxonomicName box="[253,389,2235,2268]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
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) and
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<taxonomicName box="[475,578,2235,2268]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Cecropia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cecropia</taxonomicName>
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sp. (
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<taxonomicName box="[644,799,2235,2268]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Urticaceae</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="96" pageNumber="580" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="96.[178,1389,1567,2900]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[180,312,2274,2307]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Pregnant and lactating Dwarf Fruit-eating Bats have been found in January— April in
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<collectingCountry box="[298,442,2321,2346]" name="Venezuela" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[460,672,2321,2346]" name="French Guiana" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
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, and eastern
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<collectingCountry box="[866,943,2321,2346]" name="Brazil" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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(Para); June-July in
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<collectingCountry box="[1243,1386,2321,2346]" name="Venezuela" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry box="[245,322,2357,2386]" name="Brazil" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion box="[347,533,2357,2386]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
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); and October-November in
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<collectingCountry box="[953,1095,2357,2386]" name="Venezuela" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry box="[1172,1238,2357,2386]" name="Peru" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Peru</collectingCountry>
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. Based on these data, bimodal polyestry appears to be the reproductive pattern.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="96" pageNumber="580" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="96.[178,1389,1567,2900]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[178,410,2431,2464]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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In
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<collectingCountry box="[464,530,2431,2464]" name="Peru" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Peru</collectingCountry>
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, one Dwarf Fruiteating Bat was located roosting under a cut leaf of
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<taxonomicName box="[275,392,2475,2504]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Monstera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Monstera</taxonomicName>
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lechleriana (
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<taxonomicName box="[553,671,2475,2504]" family="Araceae" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" rank="family">Araceae</taxonomicName>
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||
).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="96" pageNumber="580" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="96.[178,1389,1567,2900]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[180,879,2510,2543]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Roosting groups of Dwarf Fruiteating Bat have had 2-8 individuals, but no details were given about the make-up of these groups.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="96" pageNumber="580" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="96.[178,1389,1567,2900]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[180,520,2633,2662]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCNRed List (as
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<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Dermanura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gnoma">Dermanura gnoma</taxonomicName>
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). The Dwarf Fruiteating Bat has a wide distribution and occurs in protected areas. Nevertheless, its natural history is poorly understood due to confusion with similar species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="96" pageNumber="580" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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||
<paragraph blockId="96.[178,1389,1567,2900]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[181,334,2795,2820]" pageId="96" pageNumber="580">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Ascorra et al. (1996), Bernard & Fenton (2002), Handley (1987), Hershkovitz (1949), Lim, Engstrom, Patton & Bickham (2008), Marques-Aguiar (2008a), Solari, Hoofer et al. (2009), Solari, Munoz-Saba et al. (2013), Timm (1987).
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |