209 lines
19 KiB
XML
209 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594" ID-GBIF-Dataset="adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458594" approvalRequired="120" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="95" approvalRequired_for_treatments="25" checkinTime="1600878147105" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03A687BCFFA4FFA413BDFC41FE2DFFD6" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Lophostoma silvicola d'Orbigny 1836" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="505" masterDocId="FF9FFFC4FFB1FFB1133CFFBAFFE0F244" masterDocTitle="Phyllostomidae" masterLastPageNumber="583" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="505" updateTime="1656353518553" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phyllostomidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>444</mods:start>
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<mods:end>583</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6458594</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6726934" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6726934" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687BCFFA4FFA413BDFC41FE2DFFD6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687BCFFA4FFA413BDFC41FE2DFFD6" lastPageNumber="505" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">
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<subSubSection box="[129,185,1019,1065]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[126,1329,1019,1146]" box="[129,185,1019,1065]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">
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<heading box="[129,185,1019,1065]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">
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<figureCitation box="[129,185,1019,1065]" captionStart="Plate 36: Phyllostomidae" captionStartId="17.[137,167,3288,3313]" captionTargetBox="[23,2765,17,3655]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="24. Long-legged Bat (Macrophyllum macrophyllum), 25. Fringe-lipped Bat (Trachops cirrhosus), 26. Striped Hairy-nosed Bat (Gardnerycteris crenulatum), 27. Keenan's Hairy-nosed Bat (Gardnerycteris keenani), 28. Koepcke’s Hairy-nosed Bat (Gardnerycteris koepckeae), 29. Kalko’s Round-eared Bat (Lophostoma kalkoae), 30. Pygmy Round-eared Bat (Lophostoma brasiliense), 31. Carriker’s Round-eared Bat (Lophostoma carrikeri), 32. Schulz’s Round-eared Bat (Lophostoma schulzi), 33. Western Round-eared Bat (Lophostoma occidentale), 34. Davis's Round-eared Bat (Lophostoma evotis), 35. White-throated Round-eared Bat (Lophostoma silvicola), 36. Greater Round-eared Bat (Tonatia bidens), 37. Stripe-headed Round-eared Bat (Tonatia saurophila), 38. Pale-faced Bat (Phylloderma stenops), 39. Pale Spear-nosed Bat (Phyllostomus discolor), 40. Lesser Spear-nosed Bat (Phyllostomus elongatus), 41. Greater Spear-nosed Bat (Phyllostomus hastatus), 42. Guianan Spear-nosed Bat (Phyllostomus latifolius), 43. Woolly False Vampire Bat (Chrotopterus auritus), 44. Southern Golden Bat (Mimon bennettii), 45. Cozumelan Golden Bat (Mimon cozumelae), 46. Spectral Bat (Vampyrum spectrum)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458675" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458675/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">35.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[200,889,1019,1065]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[126,1329,1019,1146]" box="[200,889,1019,1065]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">
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<heading box="[200,889,1019,1065]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">
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<vernacularName box="[200,889,1019,1065]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">White-throated Round-eared Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[939,1329,1019,1065]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[126,1329,1019,1146]" box="[939,1329,1019,1065]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">
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<heading box="[939,1329,1019,1065]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">
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<taxonomicName authority="d'Orbigny, 1836" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1836" box="[939,1329,1019,1065]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Lophostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="silvicola">
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<emphasis box="[939,1329,1019,1065]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">Lophostoma silvicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="505" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[126,1329,1019,1146]" box="[128,1224,1083,1104]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">
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<heading box="[128,1224,1083,1104]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[128,203,1083,1104]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[212,405,1083,1104]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">Grand Lophostome</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[426,516,1083,1104]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[523,799,1083,1104]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">Weil3kehl-Rundohrblattnase</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[821,912,1083,1104]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[923,1027,1083,1104]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">Lofostoma</vernacularName>
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de garganta blanca
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="21.[126,1329,1019,1146]" box="[128,675,1124,1145]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">
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<heading box="[128,675,1124,1145]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[128,375,1124,1145]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[385,675,1124,1145]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">D'Orbigny’s Round-eared Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="505" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[741,1333,1188,1616]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[741,894,1188,1221]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="d'Orbigny, 1836" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1836" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Lophostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="silvicola">Lophostoma silvicola d’Orbigny, 1836</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation latitude="-15.75" longitude="-65.25" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">
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“des grandes foréts qui bordent le pied oriental de la Cordillere bolivienne, au pays des sauvages Juracares [= large forests bordering the east of the Bolivian mountain range, in the country of the Yuracare Indians].” Restricted by S. Anderson and colleagues in 1982 to Yungas, between Rio Secire and Rio Isibara,
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<quantity box="[1223,1325,1512,1537]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.845" pageId="21" pageNumber="505" unit="m" value="1845.0">1845 m</quantity>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[745,848,1544,1577]" degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="505" precision="925" value="-15.75">15°45’S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[864,979,1544,1577]" degrees="65" direction="west" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="505" precision="925" value="-65.25">65°15’W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[995,1060,1544,1577]" country="Bolivia" name="Beni" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">Beni</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1076,1170,1544,1577]" name="Bolivia" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="505" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[741,1333,1188,1616]" lastBlockId="21.[128,1337,1623,3474]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">
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Widely used name silvicolum has been changed as the substantival suffix cola is invariable, also subspecific names centralis and laephotis have been changed for gender agreement.
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<taxonomicName box="[822,1071,1663,1696]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thymelaeaceae" genus="Lophostoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="21" pageNumber="505" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="silvicola">Lophostoma silvicola</taxonomicName>
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was formerly in the genus
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<taxonomicName box="[219,312,1702,1735]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Tonatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tonatia</taxonomicName>
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, but T. E. Lee and collaborators in 2002 showed that
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<taxonomicName box="[1016,1109,1702,1735]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Tonatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tonatia</taxonomicName>
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was paraphyletic and recommended to restrict it to
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<taxonomicName box="[596,703,1742,1775]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Tonatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bidens">1. bidens</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName box="[772,930,1742,1775]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Tonatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saurophila">1. saurophila</taxonomicName>
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, while reclassifying remaining taxa to
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<taxonomicName box="[226,373,1781,1814]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thymelaeaceae" genus="Lophostoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="21" pageNumber="505" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Lophostoma</taxonomicName>
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. Recently, the former subspecies occidentale from south-western
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<collectingCountry box="[1218,1333,1781,1814]" name="Ecuador" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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and north-western
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<collectingCountry box="[384,447,1820,1853]" name="Peru" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">Peru</collectingCountry>
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was distinguished as a valid species. Three subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="505" type="synonymic_list">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458671" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458671" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458671/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="505" startId="21.[129,283,1865,1894]" targetBox="[126,719,1200,1616]" targetPageId="21">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[128,1337,1623,3474]" box="[129,529,1865,1894]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,529,1865,1894]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="21.[128,1337,1623,3474]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">
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<taxonomicName authority="d’Orbigny, 1836" authorityName="d’Orbigny" authorityYear="1836" box="[131,528,1899,1932]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thymelaeaceae" genus="Lophostoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="21" pageNumber="505" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="silvicola" subSpecies="silvicola">L.s.silvicolad’Orbigny,1836—Panama,Colombia,Venezuela,WBrazil,Paraguay,andEcuador,Peru,andBoliviaEoftheAndes.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="21.[128,1337,1623,3474]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">
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<taxonomicName authority="W. B. Davis & D. C. Carter, 1978" authorityName="W. B. Davis & D. C. Carter" authorityYear="1978" box="[129,745,1987,2012]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thymelaeaceae" genus="Lophostoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="21" pageNumber="505" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="silvicola" subSpecies="centrale">L. s. centrale W. B. Davis & D. C. Carter, 1978</taxonomicName>
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—
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<collectingCountry box="[780,923,1987,2012]" name="Honduras" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">Honduras</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[939,1084,1987,2012]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry box="[1163,1311,1987,2012]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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.
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<taxonomicName authority="Thomas, 1910" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1910" box="[130,501,2022,2051]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thymelaeaceae" genus="Lophostoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="21" pageNumber="505" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="silvicola" subSpecies="laephote">L. s. laephote Thomas, 1910</taxonomicName>
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— the Guianas and lower Amazon Basin in
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<collectingCountry box="[1108,1190,2022,2051]" name="Brazil" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="505" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[128,1337,1623,3474]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[128,382,2057,2090]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 66-89 mm, tail 10-22 mm, ear 30-39 mm, hindfoot 15-19 mm, forearm 50-59 mm; weight 25-39 g. The White-throated Round-eared Bat is considered rather large, with huge round ears. Upperparts are gray or gray-brown, tips of hairs are frosted, and belly is pale gray-brown. Diagnostically, hairs on throat and bases of ears are very pale gray or white. Ears and face are almost naked, noseleaf is small, and horseshoe is entirely fused to upper lip. Chin has tiny round warts. Tail is short, one-half the length of long tail membrane. Forearms are naked. Only last phalanx of thumbis free; the rest are included in propatagium.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="505" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[128,1337,1623,3474]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,240,2373,2406]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Variety of habitats including tall forests in Pacific and Caribbean lowlands and agricultural clearings at elevations up to ¢.
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<quantity box="[740,836,2413,2446]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="505" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</quantity>
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. White-throated Round-eared Bats are commonly found inside forests and absent over creeks.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="505" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[128,1337,1623,3474]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[130,393,2500,2525]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Diet of the White-throated Round-eared Bat includes insects, particularly katydids (
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<taxonomicName box="[385,574,2531,2564]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tettigoniidae</taxonomicName>
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) and whip scorpions, and fruit. Some researchers classified it as a foliage-gleaning insectivore. Legume pollen and
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<taxonomicName box="[1023,1208,2570,2603]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="21" pageNumber="505" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Apocynaceae</taxonomicName>
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remains have been found in stomach samples.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="505" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[128,1337,1623,3474]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[130,264,2649,2682]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Reproductive pattern of the White-throated Round-eared Bat is bimodal, with two birth peaks: one near January and the other near July. Females have postpartum estrus. Cavity nest is excavated by single males and subsequently serve as maternity roosts for females, improving reproductive success of males that excavated cavities. Breeding is a one male-multi-female system.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="505" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[128,1337,1623,3474]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,350,2847,2880]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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White-throated Round-eared Bats are nocturnal, but some studies suggest they are more active in the first two hoursafter sunset. They roost in termite nests that have been hollowed out from below. Only males have been observed building roosts inside termite nests, and use of such nests provides several benefits including reduction of competition for roostsites with sympatric species, reduced parasite load, and suitable microclimate.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="505" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[128,1337,1623,3474]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[131,843,3044,3077]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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There can be 1-19 individuals inside a nest roost. Despite its highly specialized roost, the White-throated Round-eared Bat might not be roost-limited and can use other types of roosts.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="505" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[128,1337,1623,3474]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[131,478,3162,3195]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Whitethroated Round-eared Bat is considered locally common at some locations, perhaps indicating a particular combination of habitat characteristics that favorits presence.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="505" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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||
<paragraph blockId="21.[128,1337,1623,3474]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[132,279,3290,3315]" pageId="21" pageNumber="505">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Anderson et al. (1982), Baker et al. (2004), Barquez, Diaz, Pineda & Rodriguez-Herrera (2016), Bonaccorso (1979), Davis & Carter (1978), Dechmann & Kerth (2008), Fenton & Kunz (1977), Hall (1981), Howell & Burch (1974), Kalko, Friemel et al. (1999), Kalko, Ueberschaer & Dechmann (2006), Lee et al. (2002), Medellin & Arita (1989), d'Orbigny (1836), Reid (2009), Simmons (2005), Thomas (1910a), Velazco & Cadenillas (2011), Williams & Genoways (2008), Willig (1983).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
|
||
</document> |