206 lines
19 KiB
XML
206 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594" ID-GBIF-Dataset="adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458594" approvalRequired="120" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="95" approvalRequired_for_treatments="25" checkinTime="1600878147105" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03A687BCFF9CFF9C13BEF6E7F855FA31" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Lonchophylla concava Goldman 1914" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="529" masterDocId="FF9FFFC4FFB1FFB1133CFFBAFFE0F244" masterDocTitle="Phyllostomidae" masterLastPageNumber="583" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="529" updateTime="1656353518553" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phyllostomidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>444</mods:start>
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<mods:end>583</mods:end>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6458594</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6727830" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6727830" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687BCFF9CFF9C13BEF6E7F855FA31" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687BCFF9CFF9C13BEF6E7F855FA31" lastPageNumber="529" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">
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<subSubSection box="[130,187,2397,2443]" pageId="45" pageNumber="529" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="45.[128,1212,2397,2521]" box="[130,187,2397,2443]" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">
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<heading box="[130,187,2397,2443]" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">
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<figureCitation box="[130,187,2397,2443]" captionStart="Plate 39: Phyllostomidae" captionStartId="43.[109,139,3333,3358]" captionTargetBox="[13,2756,14,3657]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="83. Cadena’s Nectar Bat (Hsunycteris cadenai), 84. Dashe’s Nectar Bat (Hsunycteris dashe), 85. Patton’s Nectar Bat (Hsunycteris pationi), 86. Thomas's Nectar Bat (Hsunycteris thomasi), 87. Chestnut Long-tongued Bat (Lionycteris spurrelli), 88. Brazilian Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla mordax), 89. Chocoan Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla chocoana), 90. Goldman's Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla concava), 91. Pacific Forest Long-tongued Bat (Lonchophylla fornicata), 92. Orces’s Long-tongued Bat (Lonchophylla orcesi), 93. Western Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla hesperia), 94. Eastern Cordilleran Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla orienticollina), 95. Handley’s Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla handleyi), 96. Orange Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla robusta), 97. Dekeyser’s Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla dekeyseri), 98. Pale-bellied Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla inexpectata), 99. Bokermann’s Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla bokermanni), 100. Peracchi’s Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla peracchii), 101. Long-snouted Bat (Platalina genovensium), 102. Vieira’s Long-tongued Bat (Xeronycleris vierrai)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6459029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6459029/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">90.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[205,667,2397,2443]" pageId="45" pageNumber="529" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="45.[128,1212,2397,2521]" box="[205,667,2397,2443]" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">
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<heading box="[205,667,2397,2443]" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">
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<vernacularName box="[205,667,2397,2443]" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">Goldman's Nectar Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[737,1135,2397,2443]" pageId="45" pageNumber="529" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="45.[128,1212,2397,2521]" box="[737,1135,2397,2443]" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">
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<heading box="[737,1135,2397,2443]" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">
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<taxonomicName authority="Goldman, 1914" authorityName="Goldman" authorityYear="1914" box="[737,1135,2397,2443]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Lonchophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="529" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="concava">
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<emphasis box="[737,1135,2397,2443]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">Lonchophylla concava</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="45" pageNumber="529" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="45.[128,1212,2397,2521]" box="[130,1211,2461,2482]" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">
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<heading box="[130,1211,2461,2482]" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[130,205,2461,2482]" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[215,473,2461,2482]" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">Lonchophylle de Goldman</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[495,585,2461,2482]" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[595,871,2461,2482]" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">Goldman-Nektarfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[892,983,2461,2482]" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[993,1211,2461,2482]" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">Loncéfilo de Goldman</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="45.[128,1212,2397,2521]" box="[129,673,2500,2521]" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">
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<heading box="[129,673,2500,2521]" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,377,2500,2521]" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[386,673,2500,2521]" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">Central American Nectar Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="45" pageNumber="529" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="45.[743,1335,2567,2994]" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[743,896,2567,2600]" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Goldman, 1914" authorityName="Goldman" authorityYear="1914" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Lonchophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="529" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="concava">Lonchophylla concava Goldman, 1914</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation pageId="45" pageNumber="529">
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“Cana (altitude
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<quantity box="[1044,1169,2610,2639]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.096" pageId="45" pageNumber="529" unit="ft" value="2000.0">2000 feet</quantity>
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[=
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<quantity box="[1214,1305,2610,2639]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" pageId="45" pageNumber="529" unit="m" value="610.0">610 m</quantity>
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]), eastern
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<collectingCountry box="[852,964,2645,2678]" name="Panama" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">Panama</collectingCountry>
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.”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="45" pageNumber="529" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="45.[743,1335,2567,2994]" lastBlockId="45.[130,1335,3000,3467]" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">
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C. O. Handley, Jr. in 1966 considered the Panamanian populations of
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<taxonomicName box="[1153,1295,2724,2757]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Lonchophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="529" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="concava">L. concava</taxonomicName>
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as a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName box="[967,1100,2764,2797]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Lonchophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="529" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mordax">L. mordax</taxonomicName>
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, based on an alleged strong similarity. L. M. Davalos and S. A. Jansa in 2004 pointed out that taxonomic classification of
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<taxonomicName box="[1067,1200,2886,2915]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Lonchophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="529" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mordax">L. mordax</taxonomicName>
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was complicated by existence of two distinct subspecies: Amazonian nominotypical
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<taxonomicName box="[1184,1277,2961,2994]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Lonchophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="529" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mordax">mordax</taxonomicName>
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and Central American and Chocoan
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<taxonomicName box="[587,687,3000,3033]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Lonchophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="529" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="concava">concava</taxonomicName>
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. L.. Albuja and A. L. Gardner in 2005 analyzed cranial and dental characteristics to elevate
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<taxonomicName box="[731,868,3040,3073]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Lonchophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="529" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="concava">L. concava</taxonomicName>
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to a distinct species. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="45" pageNumber="529" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458790" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458790/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="529" targetBox="[129,720,2577,2991]" targetPageId="45">
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<paragraph blockId="45.[130,1335,3000,3467]" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[130,305,3079,3112]" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Throughout S
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<collectingCountry box="[528,675,3079,3112]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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S to Pacific lowlands of
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<collectingCountry box="[1019,1132,3079,3112]" name="Panama" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">Panama</collectingCountry>
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, W
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<collectingCountry box="[1189,1328,3079,3112]" name="Colombia" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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, and coastal and Andean NW
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<collectingCountry box="[541,659,3119,3152]" name="Ecuador" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="45" pageNumber="529" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="45.[130,1335,3000,3467]" lastBlockId="45.[1403,2613,278,2166]" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[130,384,3162,3191]" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 54-65 mm, tail 5-12 mm, ear 11-17 mm, hindfoot 8-12 mm, forearm 32-34-7 mm; weight 7-10 g. Greatest lengths of skulls are 22-24-2 mm. Goldman’s Nectar Bat is small, similar in size to the Brazilian Nectar Bat (
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<taxonomicName box="[143,288,3284,3309]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Lonchophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="529" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mordax">L. mordax</taxonomicName>
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). Fur is short and dense. Dorsal pelage is 5-8 mm, dark brown to dark reddish brown, and distinctly bicolored with paler bases. Ventral pelage is dark gray to grayish brown, slightly paler than dorsum. Forearms are hairy at bases. Tongue is smooth, lacks filiform papillae at tip, and has deep groove on sides. Ears are short and rounded. Noseleaf is small but well developed. Uropatagium is well developed, and tail is short but always present. Wings are attached to bases of ankles, and calcar is shorter than foot. Rostrum and braincase are roughly equal in length, although rostrum is a little longer, broader, and more massive than in the Brazilian Nectar Bat. In dorsal view, braincase of Goldman's Nectar Batis slightly inflated, with supraorbital region broad and bulging (concave) and long and narrow rostrum. Zygomatic arches are lacking. Dentary is long and slender. I' are large, forwardly projected, and trilobed. Space between I, and C, is usually as wide as or wider than width of crown of I,. P* is much less extended transversely, has very small to obsolete lingual cuspule, and lacks root support for that cusp. There are reports of small, simple, single-rooted extra first upper premolar in some individuals. This simple atavistic extra premolar could be mistaken for a retained deciduous premolar; however, a deciduous premolar could be identified byits long and strongly recurved tip, and an atavistic extra premolar has shorter, uncurved tip thatis similar in shape to main cusps on P° and P*. M' and M? are similar in length and height. Molar crowns are quadrate and slightly triangular in outline. P? is large and blade-like, with reduced posterior cusp. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 28 and FN = 50.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="45" pageNumber="529" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="45.[1403,2613,278,2166]" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1405,1516,909,942]" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Mainly disturbed and undisturbed lowland tropical and subtropical forests at elevations of 10-1500 m (generally below
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<quantity box="[1988,2077,948,981]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="529" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</quantity>
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). One record exits from a dry forest in
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<collectingCountry box="[1406,1524,988,1021]" name="Ecuador" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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. Goldman's Nectar Batis frequently found in pasture edges and banana and avocado plantations adjacent to forests; it appears to be very tolerant of environmental disturbances.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="45" pageNumber="529" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="45.[1403,2613,278,2166]" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1405,1673,1106,1139]" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Nectar, pollen, and remains of adult moths have been found in stomachs of Goldman’s Nectar Bats from
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<collectingCountry box="[2007,2158,1146,1179]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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. Species of
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<taxonomicName box="[2331,2501,1146,1179]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Lonchophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="529" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lonchophylla</taxonomicName>
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are important pollinators of many of the plants they visit; small insects that they often find in flowers they visit supplement their largely pollen diets.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="45" pageNumber="529" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="45.[1403,2613,278,2166]" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1405,1540,1264,1297]" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">Breeding.</emphasis>
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In
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<collectingCountry box="[1592,1740,1264,1297]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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, one lactating Goldman’s Nectar Bat was found in March and a pregnant female in August. In
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<collectingCountry box="[1871,2010,1303,1336]" name="Colombia" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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, one male with scrotal testis was caught in March, coinciding with final months of local rainy season. In
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<collectingCountry box="[2274,2392,1343,1376]" name="Ecuador" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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, reproductively active males and pregnant females have been found in March.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="45" pageNumber="529" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="45.[1403,2613,278,2166]" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1404,1639,1422,1455]" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Goldman’s Nectar Bat is nocturnal. It roosts in fallen logs, caves, and tunnels.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="45" pageNumber="529" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="45.[1403,2613,278,2166]" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1405,2118,1501,1534]" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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A study of morphological properties of wings of Neotropical bat species reported that Goldman’s Nectar Bat, as other members of the nectarfeeding guild, is known to be excellent at hovering. It has short, heavily loaded wings, with long tips and average aspect ratios. Perhaps in tropical forest regions where flowering is seasonal, these bats have to travel considerable distances from one flowering tree to another so long wingtips promote hovering and short broad wings facilitate maneuvering in foliage or help with the need for greater efficiency in rapid wing movement, or both. Low aspect ratios might also promote lift at low speeds. Goldman's Nectar Bats have been found with Fringe-lipped Bats (
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<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Trachops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="529" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cirrhosus">Trachops cirrhosus</taxonomicName>
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) and Seba’s Short-tailed Bats (
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<taxonomicName box="[1952,2224,1856,1889]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Carollia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="529" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perspicillata">Carollia perspicillata</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="45" pageNumber="529" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="45.[1403,2613,278,2166]" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1406,1756,1895,1928]" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Although Goldman’s Nectar Bat is not common,its wide distribution suggests that local populations are not threatened.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="45" pageNumber="529" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="45.[1403,2613,278,2166]" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1406,1559,2022,2047]" pageId="45" pageNumber="529">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Albuja (1999), Albuja & Gardner (2005), Armstrong (1969), Davalos & Jansa (2004), Davis et al. (1964), Findley et al. (1972), Gardner et al. (1970), Goldman (1914), Griffiths & Gardner (2008b), Handley (1966b), Jones & Carter (1976), Mantilla-Meluk et al. (2010), Mares & Wilson (1971), Parlos et al. (2014), Tirira (2017), Woodman (2007), Woodman & Timm (2006).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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||
</document> |