186 lines
15 KiB
XML
186 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594" ID-GBIF-Dataset="adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458594" approvalRequired="120" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="95" approvalRequired_for_treatments="25" checkinTime="1600878147105" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03A687BCFF8FFF8E1690F3D4FCE2F46C" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Sturnira perla Jarrin-Valladares & Kunz 2011" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="547" masterDocId="FF9FFFC4FFB1FFB1133CFFBAFFE0F244" masterDocTitle="Phyllostomidae" masterLastPageNumber="583" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="546" updateTime="1656353518553" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phyllostomidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>444</mods:start>
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<mods:end>583</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6458594</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6760101" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6760101" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687BCFF8FFF8E1690F3D4FCE2F46C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687BCFF8FFF8E1690F3D4FCE2F46C" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="547" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">
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<subSubSection box="[1452,1531,3182,3228]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="62.[1446,2459,3182,3306]" box="[1452,1531,3182,3228]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">
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<heading box="[1452,1531,3182,3228]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">
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<figureCitation box="[1452,1531,3182,3228]" captionStart="Plate 41: Phyllostomidae" captionStartId="59.[123,153,3247,3272]" captionTargetBox="[22,2764,17,3653]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="119. Bidentate Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira bidens), 120. Lesser Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira nana), 121. Arata-Thomas Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira aratathomasi), 122. Honduran Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira hondurensis), 123. Burton's Yellow-shouldered Bat (Stwrnira burtonlimi), 124. Highland Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira ludovici), 125. Adriana’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira adrianae), 126. Tschudi’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira oporaphilum), 127. Mistratoan Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira mistratensis), 128. Soriano’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira sorianoi), 129. Choco Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira koopmanhilli), 130. Talamancan Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira mordax), 131. Perla Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira perla), 132. Tilda’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira tildae), 133. Hairy Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira erythromos), 134. Bogota Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira bogotensis), 135. Greater Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira magna), 136. Northern Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira parvidens), 137. Baker's Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira bakeri), 138. Little Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira Lilium), 139. Gianna’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira giannae), 140. Dominica Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira angeli), 141. Paulson’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira paulsoni), 142. Luis’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira luisi)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6459033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6459033/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">131.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1548,2130,3182,3228]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="62.[1446,2459,3182,3306]" box="[1548,2130,3182,3228]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">
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<heading box="[1548,2130,3182,3228]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">
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<vernacularName box="[1548,2130,3182,3228]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">Perla Yellow-shouldered Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2200,2446,3182,3228]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="62.[1446,2459,3182,3306]" box="[2200,2446,3182,3228]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">
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<heading box="[2200,2446,3182,3228]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">
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<taxonomicName authority="Jarrin-Valladares & Kunz, 2011" authorityName="Jarrin-Valladares & Kunz" authorityYear="2011" box="[2200,2446,3182,3228]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perla">
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<emphasis box="[2200,2446,3182,3228]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">Sturnira perla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="546" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="62.[1446,2459,3182,3306]" box="[1448,2458,3247,3268]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">
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<heading box="[1448,2458,3247,3268]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1448,1523,3247,3268]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1532,1727,3247,3268]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">Sturnire de La Perla</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1748,1839,3247,3268]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1849,2142,3247,3268]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">Perla-Gelbschulterfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2163,2255,3247,3268]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2264,2458,3247,3268]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">Sturniro de La Perla</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="62.[1446,2459,3182,3306]" box="[1447,2079,3285,3306]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">
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<heading box="[1447,2079,3285,3306]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1447,1694,3285,3306]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1705,2079,3285,3306]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">La Perla Forest Yellow-shouldered Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="546" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="62.[1445,2652,3358,3466]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1446,1602,3361,3386]" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Jarrin-Valladares & Kunz, 2011" authorityName="Jarrin-Valladares & Kunz" authorityYear="2011" box="[1619,2258,3361,3386]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perla">Sturnira perla Jarrin-Valladares & Kunz, 2011</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation latitude="0.13333334" longitude="-30.0" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">
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“
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<collectingCountry box="[2289,2408,3361,3386]" name="Ecuador" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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, Provincia
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<collectingRegion country="Ecuador" name="Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas" pageId="62" pageNumber="546">Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas</collectingRegion>
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, Bosque Protector La Perla at 200 meters of altitude (
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<geoCoordinate box="[2546,2645,3393,3426]" degrees="0" direction="north" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" pageId="62" pageNumber="546" precision="925" value="0.13333334">0°08’N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[1448,1572,3434,3463]" degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" pageId="62" pageNumber="546" precision="55555" value="-30.0">79°30°W</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<quantity box="[1598,1665,3434,3463]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="62" pageNumber="546" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
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south of La Concordia.”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[746,1108,281,314]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="63.[746,1337,281,708]" box="[746,1108,281,314]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">This species is monotypic.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="63" pageNumber="547" type="distribution">
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<caption inLine="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="547" targetBox="[766,770,1551,1576]" targetPageId="63">
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<paragraph blockId="63.[746,1337,281,708]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[746,922,325,354]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Endemic to NW
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<collectingCountry box="[1170,1290,325,354]" name="Ecuador" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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; its presence in SW
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<collectingCountry box="[974,1111,360,393]" name="Colombia" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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is expected.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="63" pageNumber="547" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="63.[746,1337,281,708]" lastBlockId="63.[128,1336,714,1576]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[746,997,400,433]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 56-66 mm (tailless), ear 14-17 mm, forearm 41-45 mm; weight
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<quantity box="[989,1054,478,511]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.8" pageId="63" pageNumber="547" unit="g" value="18.0">18 g</quantity>
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. The Perla Yellowshouldered Bat is medium-sized, externally similar to Luis’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (S. wisi) and the Northern Yellowshouldered Bat (
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<taxonomicName box="[992,1162,636,669]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="547" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvidens">S. parvidens</taxonomicName>
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). Dorsal fur is grayish brown with four-banded hairs; sometimes shoulders and neck of adults (especially males) have yellow or reddish patch; ventral fur is paler, with tricolored hairs. The Perla Yellow-shouldered Bat is characterized by a spherical skull, noticeably round and robust, with pronounced curved zygomatic arches. Lower molars have poorly defined cusps toward tongue.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="63" pageNumber="547" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="63.[128,1336,714,1576]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[131,242,872,905]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Habitat.</emphasis>
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[.owlands and adjacent slopes in primary and secondary humid tropical forests on western side of the Andes at elevations of 35-700 m.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="63" pageNumber="547" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="63.[128,1336,714,1576]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[131,394,951,984]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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There is no specific information available for this species, but yellow-shouldered bats feed on fruits, being largely dependent on
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<taxonomicName box="[1029,1142,990,1023]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="63" pageNumber="547" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Solanum</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName box="[1163,1322,990,1023]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="63" pageNumber="547" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
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) and
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<taxonomicName box="[196,264,1030,1063]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="63" pageNumber="547" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Piper</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName box="[285,441,1030,1063]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="63" pageNumber="547" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Piperaceae</taxonomicName>
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) on the lowlands. The distinct shape of the skull of the Perla Yellow-shouldered Bat suggests that it might also be divergent in its feeding behavior.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[131,504,1108,1141]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="63.[128,1336,714,1576]" box="[131,504,1108,1141]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[131,265,1108,1141]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Breeding.</emphasis>
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No information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[129,1016,1148,1181]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="63.[128,1336,714,1576]" box="[129,1016,1148,1181]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,364,1148,1181]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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The Perla Yellow-shouldered Bat is nocturnal.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[130,1071,1187,1220]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="63.[128,1336,714,1576]" box="[130,1071,1187,1220]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[130,832,1187,1220]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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No information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="63" pageNumber="547" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="63.[128,1336,714,1576]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[131,481,1227,1260]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List. The Perla Yellow-shouldered Bat is rare and poorly known, with a restricted distribution. There is no information available on population size, and therefore its conservation status is unknown. Deforestation and mining are probably its main threats. Records came from two protected areas: Cotacachi-Cayapas Ecological Reserve and La Perla Protected Forest. Nevertheless, La Perla is an isolated patch of Ecuadorean
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<collectingRegion box="[1155,1246,1424,1457]" country="Panama" name="Embera-Wounaan" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Choco</collectingRegion>
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forest consisting of only 226 ha of primary forest surrounded by vast expanses of monocultures consisting mostly of grazing lands, oil palms, and banana trees.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[131,770,1551,1576]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="63.[128,1336,714,1576]" box="[131,770,1551,1576]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[131,284,1551,1576]" pageId="63" pageNumber="547">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Jarrin-Valladares & Kunz (2011), Tirira (2017).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |