treatments-xml/data/03/A6/87/03A687BCFF8AFF8A1342F527F85DF432.xml
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

209 lines
18 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594" ID-GBIF-Dataset="adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458594" approvalRequired="120" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="95" approvalRequired_for_treatments="25" checkinTime="1600878147105" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson &amp; Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03A687BCFF8AFF8A1342F527F85DF432" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Sturnira nana Gardner &amp; O'Neill 1971" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="543" masterDocId="FF9FFFC4FFB1FFB1133CFFBAFFE0F244" masterDocTitle="Phyllostomidae" masterLastPageNumber="583" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="543" updateTime="1656353518553" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Phyllostomidae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:originInfo>
<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
<mods:place>
<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
</mods:place>
</mods:originInfo>
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>444</mods:start>
<mods:end>583</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6458594</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6760072" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6760072" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687BCFF8AFF8A1342F527F85DF432" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687BCFF8AFF8A1342F527F85DF432" lastPageNumber="543" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">
<subSubSection box="[126,206,2717,2759]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" type="multiple">
<paragraph blockId="59.[122,1156,2717,2801]" box="[126,206,2717,2759]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">
<heading box="[126,206,2717,2759]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">
<figureCitation box="[126,206,2717,2759]" captionStart="Plate 41: Phyllostomidae" captionStartId="59.[123,153,3247,3272]" captionTargetBox="[22,2764,17,3653]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="119. Bidentate Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira bidens), 120. Lesser Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira nana), 121. Arata-Thomas Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira aratathomasi), 122. Honduran Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira hondurensis), 123. Burton's Yellow-shouldered Bat (Stwrnira burtonlimi), 124. Highland Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira ludovici), 125. Adrianas Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira adrianae), 126. Tschudis Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira oporaphilum), 127. Mistratoan Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira mistratensis), 128. Sorianos Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira sorianoi), 129. Choco Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira koopmanhilli), 130. Talamancan Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira mordax), 131. Perla Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira perla), 132. Tildas Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira tildae), 133. Hairy Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira erythromos), 134. Bogota Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira bogotensis), 135. Greater Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira magna), 136. Northern Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira parvidens), 137. Baker's Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira bakeri), 138. Little Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira Lilium), 139. Giannas Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira giannae), 140. Dominica Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira angeli), 141. Paulsons Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira paulsoni), 142. Luiss Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira luisi)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6459033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6459033/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">120.</figureCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[223,829,2717,2759]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph blockId="59.[122,1156,2717,2801]" box="[223,829,2717,2759]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">
<heading box="[223,829,2717,2759]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">
<vernacularName box="[223,829,2717,2759]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Lesser Yellow-shouldered Bat</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[898,1156,2717,2759]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="59.[122,1156,2717,2801]" box="[898,1156,2717,2759]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">
<heading box="[898,1156,2717,2759]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">
<taxonomicName authority="Gardner &amp; O'Neill, 1971" authorityName="Gardner &amp; O'Neill" authorityYear="1971" box="[898,1156,2717,2759]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nana">
<emphasis box="[898,1156,2717,2759]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Sturnira nana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[123,1040,2777,2798]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph blockId="59.[122,1156,2717,2801]" box="[123,1040,2777,2798]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">
<heading box="[123,1040,2777,2798]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[123,199,2777,2798]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName box="[208,345,2777,2798]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Sturnire naine</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis bold="true" box="[366,457,2777,2798]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName box="[467,773,2777,2798]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Kleine Gelbschulterfledermaus</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis bold="true" box="[793,885,2777,2798]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Spanish:</emphasis>
<vernacularName box="[894,971,2777,2798]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Sturniro</vernacularName>
enano
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<paragraph blockId="59.[121,1328,2848,3160]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">
<subSubSection pageId="59" pageNumber="543" type="reference_group">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[122,277,2848,2877]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Gardner &amp; O'Neill, 1971" authorityName="Gardner &amp; O'Neill" authorityYear="1971" box="[304,916,2848,2877]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nana">Sturnira nana Gardner &amp; ONeill, 1971</taxonomicName>
,
<materialsCitation latitude="-12.733334" longitude="-73.78333" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">
“Huanhuachayo (
<geoCoordinate box="[1212,1320,2848,2877]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" precision="925" value="-12.733334">12°44S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[123,248,2883,2916]" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" precision="925" value="-73.78333">73°47'W</geoCoordinate>
), ca. 1,660 meters,
<collectingRegion box="[517,913,2883,2916]" country="Peru" name="Ayacucho" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Departamento de Ayacucho</collectingRegion>
, Pera.”
</materialsCitation>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="59" pageNumber="543" type="discussion">
<taxonomicName box="[123,310,2923,2956]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nana">Sturnira nana</taxonomicName>
was originally associated with
<taxonomicName box="[740,853,2923,2956]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bidens">S. bidens</taxonomicName>
in the subgenus Corvira, but phylogenetic analyses shown they are not close relatives. Monotypic.
</subSubSection>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection pageId="59" pageNumber="543" type="distribution">
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458849" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458849/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" targetBox="[1397,1988,289,701]" targetPageId="59">
<paragraph blockId="59.[121,1328,2848,3160]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[122,298,3001,3034]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Distribution.</emphasis>
Known only from SE
<collectingCountry box="[613,733,3001,3034]" name="Ecuador" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
(Cordillera del Condor,
<collectingRegion country="Ecuador" name="Zamora-Chinchipe" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Zamora Chinchipe Province</collectingRegion>
) and type locality in SC
<collectingCountry box="[635,702,3041,3074]" name="Peru" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Peru</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="59" pageNumber="543" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="59.[121,1328,2848,3160]" lastBlockId="59.[1397,2607,712,1654]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[122,370,3088,3113]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
Head—body 47-50 mm (tailless), ear 13-15 mm, hindfoot 9-15 mm, forearm 32-6-35-7 mm; weight 10-12 g. The Lesser Yellow-shouldered Batis the smallest species of
<taxonomicName box="[2242,2351,279,312]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sturnira</taxonomicName>
. Upperparts are dark grayish brown. Shoulder glands are absent. Dorsal hairs are long (7-8 mm), with 3—4 bands: almost white basal band, brown medial band, then light silvery brown band, and brownish narrow tips. Underparts are slightly lighter because hairs lack brownish tips. Noseleaf is long and narrow. Forearm, legs, feet, adjacent part of the wings, and short tail membrane are sparsely haired. Skull is relatively long, narrow, and anteriorly sloping, with weak or incomplete zygomatic arches. There are two pairs of lower incisors; I, are broad and trilobed; I, are minute (or absent) and hardly distinct in live individuals; I' have broader tips compared with the Bidentate Yellow-shouldered Bat (
<taxonomicName box="[1733,1851,831,864]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bidens">S. bidens</taxonomicName>
), and they are in contactat tips; and small molars and premolars are separated by narrow gaps. Dental formula for all species of
<taxonomicName box="[2450,2558,871,904]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sturnira</taxonomicName>
except the Bidentate Yellow-shouldered Batis12/1-2,C1/1,P 2/2, M 3/3 (
<date box="[2434,2468,914,943]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">x2</date>
) = 30-32. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 30 and FN = 46, with 14 biarmed autosomal chromosomes. X-chromosome is subtelocentric, and Y-chromosome is acrocentric.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="59" pageNumber="543" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="59.[1397,2607,712,1654]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1399,1510,1028,1061]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Habitat.</emphasis>
Only known from three Andean localities in
<collectingCountry box="[2161,2226,1028,1061]" name="Peru" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Peru</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry box="[2300,2419,1028,1061]" name="Ecuador" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
within a narrow elevational band of 1250-1670 m. Lesser Yellow-shouldered Bats were netted in low montane forests and at edges of clearings on eastern slope of the Andes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="59" pageNumber="543" type="food_feeding">
<paragraph blockId="59.[1397,2607,712,1654]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1399,1665,1147,1180]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
Diet of the Lesser Yellow-shouldered Bat is presumably similar to other small species of
<taxonomicName box="[1731,1839,1186,1219]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sturnira</taxonomicName>
, especially those from montane forests. It might depend on fruits of
<taxonomicName box="[1651,1764,1230,1259]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Solanum</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName box="[1786,1945,1230,1259]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
) but also include
<taxonomicName box="[2209,2294,1230,1259]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hypericaceae" genus="Vismia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vismia</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName box="[2316,2514,1230,1259]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hypericaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Hypericaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName box="[2540,2607,1230,1259]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ficus</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName box="[1413,1558,1269,1298]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName box="[1584,1651,1269,1298]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Piper</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName box="[1670,1831,1269,1298]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Piperaceae</taxonomicName>
), and
<taxonomicName box="[1919,2065,1269,1298]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="59" pageNumber="546" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Araceae">Anthurium</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName box="[2076,2208,1269,1298]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="59" pageNumber="546" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Araceae">(Araceae)</taxonomicName>
species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[1399,1773,1305,1338]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" type="breeding">
<paragraph blockId="59.[1397,2607,712,1654]" box="[1399,1773,1305,1338]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1399,1534,1305,1338]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Breeding.</emphasis>
No information.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[1398,2271,1344,1377]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" type="activity">
<paragraph blockId="59.[1397,2607,712,1654]" box="[1398,2271,1344,1377]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1398,1633,1344,1377]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
Lesser Yellow-shouldered Bats are nocturnal.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[1399,2339,1383,1416]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="59.[1397,2607,712,1654]" box="[1399,2339,1383,1416]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1399,2100,1383,1416]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
No information.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="59" pageNumber="543" type="conservation">
<paragraph blockId="59.[1397,2607,712,1654]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1400,1750,1423,1456]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. Known area of occupancy of the Lesser Yellow-shouldered Bat is less than
<quantity box="[2264,2366,1462,1495]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" unit="km" value="500.0">500 km</quantity>
? at two locations (south-eastern
<collectingCountry box="[1612,1731,1506,1535]" name="Ecuador" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
and central
<collectingCountry box="[1910,1982,1506,1535]" name="Peru" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Peru</collectingCountry>
). This small area is severely fragmented and threatened by habitat conversion (small-scale agriculture and wood logging).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="59" pageNumber="543" type="bibRefCitation_list">
<paragraph blockId="59.[1397,2607,712,1654]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1400,1553,1589,1614]" pageId="59" pageNumber="543">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Boada (2011), Gardner (1977a,
<quantity box="[1908,1977,1589,1614]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.008" pageId="59" pageNumber="543" unit="g" value="2008.0">2008g</quantity>
), Gardner &amp; O'Neill (1971), Pacheco &amp; Patterson (1991), Regalado &amp; Albuja (2012), Velazco &amp; Patterson (2013).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>