293 lines
36 KiB
XML
293 lines
36 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="0ADE54C7601DA2E48405E5F1D3E9D74F">The first Cyclida from the Triassic of Italy</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="14ED8AFE9C04F8B3EC41683043CC4054">Pieroni, Vittorio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D6F9D04F25F3218435FB12CED165B47C">Swiss Journal of Palaeontology</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="23FF352C26F96199512C2686A25B89F9">2024</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03A687A38157FFECE22AF9EEBD0F891A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12795523" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12795523" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687A38157FFECE22AF9EEBD0F891A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687A38157FFECE22AF9EEBD0F891A" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection id="C315653E8157FFEBE22AF9EEBD798BB6" box="[834,1365,1655,1680]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB036B58157FFEBE22AF9EEBD798BB6" blockId="2.[813,1437,1431,1935]" box="[834,1365,1655,1680]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D368157FFEBE22AF9EEBCC98BB6" authority="(von Meyer, 1838)" authorityName="von Meyer" authorityYear="1844" baseAuthorityName="von Meyer" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[834,1253,1655,1680]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cyclidae" genus="Halicyne" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97BEAA78157FFEBE22AF9EEBB858BB6" bold="true" box="[834,937,1655,1679]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Halicyne</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="B97BEAA78157FFEBE2A6F9E1BC358BB6" box="[974,1049,1656,1679]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">agnota</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B448157FFEBE54FF9EEBCF78BB6" author="von Meyer, H." box="[1063,1243,1655,1680]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="413 - 418" refId="ref5316" refString="von Meyer, H. (1838). Mittheilungen, an Professor Bronn gerichtet. Neues Jahrbuch Fur Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie Und Petrefaktenkunde, 1838, 413 - 418." type="journal article" year="1838">von Meyer, 1838</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="13342A308157FFEBE582F9EEBD7D8BB6" box="[1258,1361,1655,1679]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[167,198,1516,1536]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,238,1503]" captionTargetId="figure-134@4.[189,1399,236,1504]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3 Specimen MSNVI-SOST-01. a dorsal view; b the same image with marked morphological features [ak axial keel, al 1–al 2 axial lobes 1–2, br branchial region, ilk inner lyrate keel, ll 1–ll 3 lateral lobes 1–3, mr marginal rim, olk outer lyrate keel,on optic notch, pal posterior axial lobe]; c posterior view; d lateral view" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12006747" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12006747/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3a–d</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C315653E8157FFEBE22AF90EBCB68BF6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB036B58157FFEBE22AF90EBCB68BF6" blockId="2.[813,1437,1431,1935]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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cf. 1971
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D368157FFEBE2CCF90EBD1E8B96" authority="(von Meyer, 1838)" baseAuthorityName="von Meyer" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[932,1330,1687,1712]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cyclidae" genus="Halicyne" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agnota">
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<emphasis id="B97BEAA78157FFEBE2CCF90EBC768B96" box="[932,1114,1687,1711]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Halicyne agnota</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B448157FFEBE503F90EBD0B8B96" author="von Meyer, H." box="[1131,1319,1687,1712]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="413 - 418" refId="ref5316" refString="von Meyer, H. (1838). Mittheilungen, an Professor Bronn gerichtet. Neues Jahrbuch Fur Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie Und Petrefaktenkunde, 1838, 413 - 418." type="journal article" year="1838">von Meyer, 1838</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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: Zorn, p. 80, pl. 15, fig. 36, (morphotype 2).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C315653E8157FFEBE22AF94EBCF08A76" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB036B58157FFEBE22AF94EBCF08A76" blockId="2.[813,1437,1431,1935]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B97BEAA78157FFEBE22AF94EBC0C8BD6" bold="true" box="[834,1056,1751,1775]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Material examined</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B673CE88157FFEBE542F941BCF08A76" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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a single small specimen MSNVI-SOST-01 (repository:
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<collectionCode id="ED1EAE708157FFEBE548F96EBC548A36" box="[1056,1144,1783,1807]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">MSNVI</collectionCode>
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, Museo di Storia Naturale “A. Stoppani” Venegono Inferiore, VA,
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<collectingCountry id="F31876258157FFEBE463F88EBD128A16" box="[1291,1342,1815,1839]" name="Italy" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Italy</collectingCountry>
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). Other fossils were not found in the same level.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C315653E8157FFEDE22AF8CEB8DC8A05" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB036B58157FFEDE22AF8CEBA9E8B85" blockId="2.[813,1437,1431,1935]" lastBlockId="4.[151,775,1668,1916]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B97BEAA78157FFEBE22AF8CEBBE78A56" bold="true" box="[834,971,1879,1903]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Description</emphasis>
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Carapace ovate, slightly longer than wide, narrowing posteriorly, smooth to more or less finely granular. Frontal margin overall straight, with concavities at distal extremes that may be orbital notches. Marginal rim flat, beginning at outer-orbital angle, extended at the second lateral lobe and laterally reduced, terminating in a strong posterior spine. Marginal rim positioned below remainder of carapace surface, rim with smooth surface and smooth margin. Axial region long, narrow, extending more than 75 percent length of carapace. Posterior axial lobe elongate, slightly constricted at about mid-length; first axial lobe polygonal, weakly differentiated from posterior axial lobe, second axial lobe elongate, flattened, wider at mid-region; first lateral lobes elongated, narrow; second lateral lobes oblique, strongly inflated, slightly reniform, elongate, terminating anteriorly just posterior to orbital notch. Third lateral lobes subdivided posteriorly towards the first axial lobe. Inner lyrate keel weak, short, separated from long outer keel extending from posterior of second lateral lobe, arcing axially crossing axis.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF70663D8156FFEAE1C0FA2CBAB18B0A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12006743" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12006743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12006743/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[168,199,1461,1481]" targetBox="[190,1398,240,1446]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BB036B58156FFEAE1C0FA2CBAB18B0A" blockId="3.[167,1409,1461,1587]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B97BEAA78156FFEAE1C0FA2CB8F788F0" bold="true" box="[168,219,1461,1481]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2</emphasis>
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Stratigraphic sections at Sostegno.
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<emphasis id="B97BEAA78156FFEAE365FA2CBA3488F0" bold="true" box="[525,536,1461,1481]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">a</emphasis>
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complete section of the Sostegno area,after Decarlis et al. (2017), modified, with a sample of breccia with oxidized reddish matrix, outcropping in the Sostegno village (southern area). Algae and crinoids cited by Decarlis et al. (2017) are indicated. The arrow indicates a possible stratigraphic position of the studied section;
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<emphasis id="B97BEAA78156FFEAE24DFA73BB1D88C7" bold="true" box="[805,817,1514,1534]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">b</emphasis>
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studied section with lithology and fossils, on the right: corresponding samples;
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<emphasis id="B97BEAA78156FFEAE19DF99CB8D38B20" bold="true" box="[245,255,1541,1561]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">c</emphasis>
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the section exposed along road SP 64 (part), whit descriptions of lithology and palaeontological content (red lines indicate the boundaries of lithological units and inclination of beds)
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF70663D8151FFEDE1CFFA75B9B78B0F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12006747" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12006747" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12006747/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[167,198,1516,1536]" targetBox="[190,1398,238,1503]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BB036B58151FFEDE1CFFA75B9B78B0F" blockId="4.[167,1374,1516,1590]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="B97BEAA78151FFEDE1CFFA75B8F68B39" bold="true" box="[167,218,1516,1536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3</emphasis>
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Specimen MSNVI-SOST-01.
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<emphasis id="B97BEAA78151FFEDE0A3FA75B9FA8B39" bold="true" box="[459,470,1516,1536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">a</emphasis>
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dorsal view;
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<emphasis id="B97BEAA78151FFEDE32BFA75BA638B39" bold="true" box="[579,591,1516,1536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">b</emphasis>
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the same image with marked morphological features [
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<emphasis id="B97BEAA78151FFEDE54AFA75BC198B39" box="[1058,1077,1516,1536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ak</emphasis>
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axial keel,
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<emphasis id="B97BEAA78151FFEDE5E7FA75BCF88B39" box="[1167,1236,1516,1536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">al 1–al 2</emphasis>
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axial lobes 1–2,
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<emphasis id="B97BEAA78151FFEDE1CFF99EB8948B22" box="[167,184,1543,1563]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">br</emphasis>
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branchial region,
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<emphasis id="B97BEAA78151FFEDE038F99EB94E8B22" box="[336,354,1543,1563]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ilk</emphasis>
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inner lyrate keel,
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<emphasis id="B97BEAA78151FFEDE09DF99EBA008B22" box="[501,556,1543,1563]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ll 1–ll 3</emphasis>
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lateral lobes 1–3,
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<emphasis id="B97BEAA78151FFEDE3ACF99EBAF78B22" box="[708,731,1543,1563]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">mr</emphasis>
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marginal rim,
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<emphasis id="B97BEAA78151FFEDE23BF99EBB478B22" box="[851,875,1543,1563]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">olk</emphasis>
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outer lyrate keel,
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<emphasis id="B97BEAA78151FFEDE568F99EBC3A8B22" box="[1024,1046,1543,1563]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">on</emphasis>
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optic notch,
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<emphasis id="B97BEAA78151FFEDE5EEF99EBC8C8B22" box="[1158,1184,1543,1563]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">pal</emphasis>
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posterior axial lobe];
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<emphasis id="B97BEAA78151FFEDE43CF99EBD728B22" bold="true" box="[1364,1374,1543,1563]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">c</emphasis>
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posterior view;
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<emphasis id="B97BEAA78151FFEDE041F9BBB9198B0F" bold="true" box="[297,309,1570,1590]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">d</emphasis>
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lateral view
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BB036B58151FFEDE1C5F95DB8DC8A05" blockId="4.[151,775,1668,1916]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="B97BEAA78151FFEDE1C5F95DB9748BE5" bold="true" box="[173,344,1732,1756]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Measurements</emphasis>
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(carapace) length
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<quantity id="4CF79B508151FFEDE33FF95DBA878BE5" box="[599,683,1732,1756]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
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; width 4.3 mm; maximum thickness 1.7 mm; total width of the lateral lobes area 3.7 mm; total length of the axial region 3.8 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C315653E8151FFECE1C5F8DDB9548CFA" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BB036B58151FFECE1C5F8DDB9548CFA" blockId="4.[151,775,1668,1916]" lastBlockId="5.[151,775,235,899]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="B97BEAA78151FFEDE1C5F8DDB93F8A65" bold="true" box="[173,275,1860,1884]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Remarks</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B448151FFEDE04EF8DCB99B8A65" author="Zorn, H." box="[294,439,1860,1884]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref5521" refString="Zorn, H. (1971). Palaontologische, stratigraphische und sedimentologis-" type="book" year="1971">Zorn (1971)</bibRefCitation>
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described
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<specimenCount id="9D09FD3C8151FFEDE320F8DDBB2B8A65" box="[584,775,1860,1884]" count="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
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from Monte San Salvatore (uppermost Middle San Salvatore Dolomite, Gervillienhorizont, Early Ladinian, Curionii Zone,
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<quantity id="4CF79B508151FFEDE28FF93DBC0B8B85" box="[999,1063,1700,1724]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="70.0">70 m</quantity>
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E from P. 856). He described also other specimens from the localities near Kaisten (
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<collectingRegion id="49CBF8578151FFEDE25CF97DBBCC8BC5" box="[820,992,1764,1788]" country="Switzerland" name="Aargau" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Canton Aargau</collectingRegion>
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||
,
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<collectingCountry id="F31876258151FFEDE284F97DBC388BC5" box="[1004,1044,1764,1788]" name="Switzerland" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">CH</collectingCountry>
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||
, Trigonodusdolomit) and Edlisberg (near Waldenburg, Canton Baselland,
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<collectingCountry id="F31876258151FFEDE463F89DBD1F8A25" box="[1291,1331,1796,1820]" name="Switzerland" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">CH</collectingCountry>
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, Middle Muschelkalk). Among these specimens, Zorn identified three morphotypes. The first one has a carapace wider than long (
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<specimenCount id="9D09FD3C8151FFEDE2C5F8FDBC788A45" box="[941,1108,1892,1916]" count="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
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from Monte San Salvatore); the second one has a carapace longer than wide, with a reduced marginal rim and well-developed anterior lateral lobes (
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<specimenCount id="9D09FD3C8150FFECE18EFEB2B9A88C7A" box="[230,388,299,323]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
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from Monte San Salvatore); the third one based on juvenile specimens, with carapace longer than wide and large keel region (from other localities). The present specimen fits very well with the second morphotype.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C315653E8150FFECE1C5FE52BA6E8EBA" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036B58150FFECE1C5FE52B98A8F1A" blockId="5.[151,775,235,899]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAA78150FFECE1C5FE52B9198CDA" bold="true" box="[173,309,459,483]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
The present specimen was found in the San Salvatore Formation of Sostegno (BI,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876258150FFECE30AFE72BAB98F3A" box="[610,661,491,515]" name="Italy" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
), probably in a Lower Ladinian bed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036B58150FFECE1C5FDB2BA6E8EBA" blockId="5.[151,775,235,899]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAA78150FFECE1C5FDB2B9B88F7A" bold="true" box="[173,404,555,579]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Other occurrences</emphasis>
|
||
The species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D368150FFECE325FDB5BAE48F7A" baseAuthorityName="von Meyer" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[589,712,556,579]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cyclidae" genus="Halicyne" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agnota">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAA78150FFECE325FDB5BAE48F7A" box="[589,712,556,579]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H. agnota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was previously documented from the epicontinental Middle Triassic of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876258150FFECE043FDF2B9BD8FBA" box="[299,401,619,643]" name="Germany" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8578150FFECE0C5FDF2BABF8FBA" box="[429,659,619,643]" country="Germany" name="Baden-Wuerttemberg" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Baden-Württemberg</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Rottweil Formation, Muschelkalk) and northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876258150FFECE3EEFD12BB2A8F9A" box="[646,774,651,675]" name="Switzerland" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Trigonodusdolomit and Middle Muschelkalk), from the Middle Triassic of the Eastern Alps in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876258150FFECE3EEFD52BB2A8FDA" box="[646,774,715,739]" name="Switzerland" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Ducan-Landwasser area, Silveretta Nappe, Prosanto Formation) and from the Middle Triassic of the Southern Alps in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876258150FFECE186FCB2B9428E7A" box="[238,366,811,835]" name="Switzerland" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(see Bürgin et al. 1991;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B448150FFECE313FCB5BB2C8E7A" author="Furrer, H." box="[635,768,811,835]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 112" refId="ref4257" refString="Furrer, H. (2019). Fische und Saurier aus dem Hochgebirge. Neujahrsblatt Der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zurich, 221, 1 - 112." type="journal article" year="2019">Furrer, 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B448150FFECE1FFFCD2B9BA8E5A" author="Schweitzer, C. E. & Mychko, E. V. & Feldmann, M." box="[151,406,843,867]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="245 - 303" refId="ref5000" refString="Schweitzer, C. E., Mychko, E. V., & Feldmann, M. (2020). Revision of Cyclida (Pancrustacea, Multicrustacea), with five new genera. Neues Jahrbuch Fur Geologie Und Palaontologie Abhandlungen, 296 (3), 245 - 303." type="journal article" year="2020">Schweitzer et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and the varieties described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B448150FFECE1FFFCF5B9238EBA" author="Zorn, H." box="[151,271,875,899]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref5521" refString="Zorn, H. (1971). Palaontologische, stratigraphische und sedimentologis-" type="book" year="1971">Zorn, 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from Monte San Salvatore).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315653E8150FFECE1FFFC33BD0F891A" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036B58150FFECE1FFFC33BA388EFA" blockId="5.[151,532,938,963]" box="[151,532,938,963]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<heading id="D0F881D98150FFECE1FFFC33BA388EFA" bold="true" box="[151,532,938,963]" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAA78150FFECE1FFFC33BA388EFA" bold="true" box="[151,532,938,963]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Paleoecology and environment</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036B58150FFECE1FFFC52BC5A8CFA" blockId="5.[151,775,971,1923]" lastBlockId="5.[813,1437,235,1059]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B448150FFECE043FC55B9838EDA" author="Zorn, H." box="[299,431,971,995]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref5521" refString="Zorn, H. (1971). Palaontologische, stratigraphische und sedimentologis-" type="book" year="1971">Zorn (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D368150FFECE0D2FC55BA098EDA" baseAuthorityName="von Meyer" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[442,549,972,995]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cyclidae" genus="Halicyne" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agnota">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAA78150FFECE0D2FC55BA098EDA" box="[442,549,972,995]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H. agnota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could have lived in a hypersaline environment corresponding to the intertidal environment of the Lower Ladinian Gervillienhorizont at Monte San Salvatore. The specimens described by Zorn from Monte San Salvatore were collected with only two species of bivalves:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D368150FFECE012FBF2B8E7899A" authority="Hohenstein, 1913" authorityName="Hohenstein" authorityYear="1913" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Modiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytilida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="salzstettensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAA78150FFECE012FBF2BA5B89BA" box="[378,631,1131,1155]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Modiolus salzstettensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B448150FFECE3EAFBF2B8E7899A" author="Hohenstein, V." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 100" refId="ref4398" refString="Hohenstein, V. (1913). Beitrage zur Kenntnis des mittleren Muschelkalkes und des unteren Trochitenkalkes am Ostlichen Schwarzwaldrand. Geologische Und Palaontologische Abhandlungen, 13 (2), 1 - 100." type="journal article" year="1913">Hohenstein, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D368150FFECE06CFB12BAFE899A" authority="(von Schlotheim, 1820)" baseAuthorityName="von Schlotheim" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[260,722,1163,1187]" class="Bivalvia" family="Bakevelliidae" genus="Bakevellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="costata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAA78150FFECE06CFB12B9E6899A" box="[260,458,1163,1187]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bakevellia costata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B448150FFECE0B1FB12BAE4899A" author="von Schlotheim, E. F." box="[473,712,1163,1187]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref5411" refString="von Schlotheim, E. F. (1820). Die Petrefactenkunde auf ihrem jetzigen Standpunkte durch die Beschreibung seiner Sammlung versteinerter und fossilier Uberreste des Thier- und Pflanzenreichs der Vorwelt erlautert (p. LVII + 1 - 437). Gotha: Becker'sche Buchhandlung." type="book" year="1820">von Schlotheim, 1820</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, one fragment of ammonoid (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D368150FFECE0C2FB32BA4689FA" box="[426,618,1195,1219]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Ussuritidae" genus="Monophyllites" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAA78150FFECE0C2FB32BA6F89FA" box="[426,579,1195,1219]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Monophyllites</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and a reptile remain (vertebra).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D368150FFECE007FB55B9CD89DA" baseAuthorityName="von Meyer" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[367,481,1228,1251]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cyclidae" genus="Halicyne" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agnota">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAA78150FFECE007FB55B9CD89DA" box="[367,481,1228,1251]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H. agnota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was documented also in the upper Prosanto Formation (Early Ladinian) of the south-eastern Swiss Alps (Ducan and Landwasser region near Davos,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8578150FFECE04BFAB2BA25887A" box="[291,521,1323,1347]" country="Switzerland" name="Graubuenden" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Canton Graubünden</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Austroalpine Silvretta Nappe), with a paleoenvironment well comparable to the Besano/Monte San Giorgio Basin (Bürgin et al., et al. 1991;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B448150FFECE041FA15B998889A" author="Furrer, H." box="[297,436,1419,1443]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 112" refId="ref4257" refString="Furrer, H. (2019). Fische und Saurier aus dem Hochgebirge. Neujahrsblatt Der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zurich, 221, 1 - 112." type="journal article" year="2019">Furrer, 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), characterized by anoxic to dysoxic bottom water conditions. Rare
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D368150FFECE31AFA32BAEF88FA" authorityName="Schram, Vonk & Hof" authorityYear="1997" box="[626,707,1451,1475]" order="Cyclida" pageId="5" pageNumber="3" rank="order">Cyclida</taxonomicName>
|
||
were cited by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B448150FFECE19DFA52BA1588DA" author="Stockar, R. & Garassino, A." box="[245,569,1483,1507]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="347 - 356" refId="ref5126" refString="Stockar, R., & Garassino, A. (2013). Meridecaris ladinica n. gen. n. sp. (Crustacea, Decapoda, Clytiopsidae) from the Middle Triassic (Ladinian) of Monte San Giorgio (Canton Ticino, Switzerland). Neues Jahrbuch Fur Geologie Und Palaontologie Abhandlungen, 270, 347 - 356." type="journal article" year="2013">Stockar and Garassino (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from the Sceltrich beds (Early Ladinian, lowermost part of Upper Meride Limestone, Monte San Giorgio,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8578150FFECE348F992BA448B1A" box="[544,616,1547,1571]" country="Switzerland" name="Ticino" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ticino</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876258150FFECE316F992BB2C8B1A" box="[638,768,1547,1571]" name="Switzerland" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and also by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B448150FFECE046F9B5BA708B7A" author="Furrer, H. & Vandelli, A." box="[302,604,1579,1603]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref4285" refString="Furrer, H., & Vandelli, A. (2014). Guida al Museo dei fossili del Monte San Giorgio (pp. 1 - 128). Fondazione del Monte San Giorgio." type="book" year="2014">Furrer and Vandelli (2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. at p. 89) from the lower Meride Limestone (Early Ladinian) (two unpublished specimens in the Cava superiore beds near Meride: personal information by Heinz Furrer,
|
||
<date id="FFB110758150FFECE1FFF932B93A8BFA" box="[151,278,1707,1731]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2023-10-21">21/10/2023</date>
|
||
). The neighboring partly time-equivalent San Salvatore Formation, Besano Formation, Meride Limestone, and San Giorgio Dolomite were deposited mainly between Lugano and Varese (Monte San Giorgio/ Besano Basin). However, the geographical distribution of the San Salvatore Formation is wider (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A308150FFECE312F8D2BAE68A5A" box="[634,714,1867,1891]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[167,198,1651,1671]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,237,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-65@1.[189,1399,236,1638]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1 Geographic location and outcrop of the Halicyne fossil discussed in this study. a locality of find, the asterisk indicate the fossiliferous outcrop here described;b outcrops (grey areas) of the San Salvatore Formation in the subalpine foothills of Lombardy, Piedmont (Italy) and Canton Ticino (Switzerland); c geological map of the San Salvatore Formation in the Sostegno area (after Zantonelli, 2011, simplified); d photograph of the site with Halicyne; e complete section exposed along road SP 64 (Sostegno-Asei),the red rectangle indicates the outcrop figured in d" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12006715" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12006715/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1b</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the here-described locality represents the southwestern region. Therefore, the geographical distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D368150FFECE4EBFF75BB548C1A" baseAuthorityName="von Meyer" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cyclidae" genus="Halicyne" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agnota">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAA78150FFECE4EBFF75BB548C1A" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H. agnota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(and its varieties) extended from the Muschelkalk basin of southwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876258150FFECE549FEB2BCAB8C7A" box="[1057,1159,299,323]" name="Germany" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8578150FFECE5FCFEB2BD558C7A" box="[1172,1401,299,323]" country="Germany" name="Baden-Wuerttemberg" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Baden-Württemberg</collectingRegion>
|
||
) to the Tethys realm of the western part of the Eastern Alps (Ducan-Landwasser area, Canton Graubünden) to the western part of the Southern Alps (Monte San Giorgio/ Besano and also Biellese area).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036B58150FFECE22AFE52BD0F891A" blockId="5.[813,1437,235,1059]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Nothing definitive is known about the mode of life of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D368150FFECE245FE72BBAE8F3A" authorityName="Schram, Vonk & Hof" authorityYear="1997" box="[813,898,491,515]" order="Cyclida" pageId="5" pageNumber="3" rank="order">Cyclida</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B448150FFECE2E5FE72BC988F3A" author="Gall, J. C. & Grauvogel, G." box="[909,1204,491,515]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="3 - 14" refId="ref4322" refString="Gall, J. C., & Grauvogel, G. (1967). Faune du Buntsandstein II. Les Halicynes. Annales De Paleontologie, 53, 3 - 14." type="journal article" year="1967">Gall and Grauvogel (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested a benthic, predatory lifestyle of the Triassic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D368150FFECE5B9FD92BD1D8F1A" authorityName="von Meyer" authorityYear="1844" box="[1233,1329,523,547]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cyclidae" genus="Halicyne" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAA78150FFECE5B9FD92BD1D8F1A" box="[1233,1329,523,547]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Halicyne</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
whereas
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B448150FFECE245FDB2BBE48F7A" author="MUller, A. H." box="[813,968,555,579]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="131 - 135" refId="ref4596" refString="MUller, A. H. (1955). Uber einen Neufund von Halicyne plana und die systematische Stellung von Halicyne (Crustacea?). Palaontologische Zeitschrift, 29 (3 / 4), 131 - 135." type="journal article" year="1955">Müller (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
tentatively supposed a parasitic lifestyle, having lived on fishes. The latter interpretation would be supported by the abundance of fishes and other nektonic vertebrates in the finding horizons, where benthic organisms are almost lacking.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B448150FFECE594FD32BB5F8FDA" author="Schram, F. R. & Vonk, R. & Hof, C. H. J." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="261 - 284" refId="ref4925" refString="Schram, F. R., Vonk, R., & Hof, C. H. J. (1997). Mazon Creek Cycloidea. Journal of Paleontology, 71, 261 - 284." type="journal article" year="1997">Schram et al. (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that the frequent association of many Paleozoic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D368150FFECE2CAFD72BBDF8E3A" authorityName="Schram, Vonk & Hof" authorityYear="1997" box="[930,1011,747,771]" order="Cyclida" pageId="5" pageNumber="3" rank="order">Cyclida</taxonomicName>
|
||
with plant material might reflect a herbivorous or detritus-eating habit. There are several cyclidan species known from transitional marine or brackish environments to lake conditions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B448150FFECE474FCD2BB4D8EBA" author="Schweigert, G." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="213 - 215" refId="ref4964" refString="Schweigert, G. (2007). Juracyclus posidoniae n. gen. and sp., the first cycloid arthropod from the Jurassic. Journal of Paleontology, 81, 213 - 215." type="journal article" year="2007">Schweigert, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B448150FFECE21EFCF2BC578EBA" author="Schweitzer, C. E. & Mychko, E. V. & Feldmann, M." box="[886,1147,875,899]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="245 - 303" refId="ref5000" refString="Schweitzer, C. E., Mychko, E. V., & Feldmann, M. (2020). Revision of Cyclida (Pancrustacea, Multicrustacea), with five new genera. Neues Jahrbuch Fur Geologie Und Palaontologie Abhandlungen, 296 (3), 245 - 303." type="journal article" year="2020">Schweitzer et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). For example,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D368150FFECE454FCF2BC4C8E9A" authority="(von Seebach, 1857)" baseAuthorityName="von Seebach" baseAuthorityYear="1857" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cyclidae" genus="Halicyne" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAA78150FFECE454FCF2BB408E9A" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Halicyne plana</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B448150FFECE2E8FC12BC7A8E9B" author="von Seebach, K." box="[896,1110,906,931]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="198 - 206" refId="ref5459" refString="von Seebach, K. (1857). Entomostraceen aus der Trias ThUringens. Zeitschrift Der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft, 9, 198 - 206." type="journal article" year="1857">von Seebach, 1857</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was documented from the Ladinian Erfurt Formation in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8578150FFECE5CAFC32BD218EFA" box="[1186,1293,939,963]" country="Germany" name="Thueringen" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Thuringia</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876258150FFECE44FFC32BDBD8EFA" box="[1319,1425,939,963]" name="Germany" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
), where different kinds of fish, amphibians, and archosauriforms have been found, suggesting a lake or brackish environment (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B448150FFECE541FB92BD39891A" author="Schweitzer, C. E. & Mychko, E. V. & Feldmann, M." box="[1065,1301,1035,1059]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="245 - 303" refId="ref5000" refString="Schweitzer, C. E., Mychko, E. V., & Feldmann, M. (2020). Revision of Cyclida (Pancrustacea, Multicrustacea), with five new genera. Neues Jahrbuch Fur Geologie Und Palaontologie Abhandlungen, 296 (3), 245 - 303." type="journal article" year="2020">Schweitzer et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |