298 lines
32 KiB
XML
298 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1106-165" ID-Pensoft-UUID="46F78E589F6A5CC89A0199F10BA4407C" ID-ZooBank="EFA7EF372B83458D931D9A53DB311472" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1106-165" checkinTime="1655840326526" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Choo, Seohwi, Jeong, Man-Ki & Soh, Ho Young" docDate="2022" docId="EAF6ACF97B105A92BFE8E99FD96875EC" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1106: 165-211" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1106" docPubDate="2022-06-21" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184" docTitle="Aidanosagitta crassa" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="46F78E589F6A5CC89A0199F10BA4407C" lastPageNumber="165" masterDocId="46F78E589F6A5CC89A0199F10BA4407C" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic reassessment of chaetognaths (Chaetognatha, Sagittoidea, Aphragmophora) from Korean waters" masterLastPageNumber="211" masterPageNumber="165" pageNumber="165" updateTime="1655840326526" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomic reassessment of chaetognaths (Chaetognatha, Sagittoidea, Aphragmophora) from Korean waters</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Choo, Seohwi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Big data Fishery Resource Management Interdisciplinary Program, Chonnam University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Jeong, Man-Ki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2478-3797</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Smart Fisheries Resources Management, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jmgdeux@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Soh, Ho Young</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Big data Fishery Resource Management Interdisciplinary Program, Chonnam University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea & Department of Smart Fisheries Resources Management, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">hysoh@chonnam.ac.kr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-06-21</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1106</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>165</mods:start>
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<mods:end>211</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1106-165</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">EFA7EF372B83458D931D9A53DB311472</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">46F78E589F6A5CC89A0199F10BA4407C</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EAF6ACF97B105A92BFE8E99FD96875EC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EAF6ACF97B105A92BFE8E99FD96875EC" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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<taxonomicName LSID="EAF6ACF9-7B10-5A92-BFE8-E99FD96875EC" authority="(Tokioka, 1939)" baseAuthorityName="Tokioka" baseAuthorityYear="1939" class="Sagittoidea" family="Sagittidae" genus="Aidanosagitta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aidanosagitta crassa" order=" Aphragmophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chaetognatha" rank="species" species="crassa">Aidanosagitta crassa (Tokioka, 1939)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Appearance of body A transparent and flaccid body (Flaccisagitta enflata) B translucent body (Pterosagitta draco) C opaque and rigid body (Aidanosagitta crassa)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704187" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Figs 3C</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Presence and absence of rayless zone on lateral fins A black arrow shows rayless zone on posterior fin (Zonosagitta nagae) B completely rayed fin (Aidanosagitta crassa)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704189" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">, 5B</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. A Aidanosagitta crassa Type C (dorsal view) B Aidanosagitta crassa Type N (dorsal view) C head and neck D tail E anterior fin F posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; CC = corona ciliata; COL = collarette; E = eye; IN = intestine; ID = intestine diverticula; PF = posterior fin; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704203" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">, 19A-F</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Tokioka" baseAuthorityYear="1939" class="Sagittoidea" family="Sagittidae" form="naikaiensis" genus="Aidanosagitta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aidanosagitta crassa subsp. f." order=" Aphragmophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chaetognatha" rank="form" species="crassa" subSpecies="f.">Aidanosagitta crassa f. naikaiensis</taxonomicName>
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: Tokioka, 1959: 376-377 p., fig. 16, table 15.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Tokioka" authorityYear="1938" class="Sagittoidea" family="Sagittidae" genus="Sagitta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sagitta crassa" order=" Aphragmophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chaetognatha" rank="species" species="crassa">Sagitta crassa</taxonomicName>
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: Tokioka, 1939: 349-352 p., figs 1-8
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-02" collectingMethod="oblique towing with conical net" elevation="50" latitude="37.5533" location="East Sea" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="131.2433" specimenCount="one" typeStatus="Type">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
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C (collarette
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<typeStatus>type</typeStatus>
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)
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</emphasis>
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:
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EAF6ACF97B105A92BFE8E99FD96875EC:95CF7DF1E3E16762728C0DE79A3C0580" latitude="37.5533" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="131.2433" name="East Sea">East Sea</location>
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(
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<geoCoordinate degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="33.198" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="37.5533">37°33.198'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="131" direction="east" minutes="14.598" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="131.2433">131°14.598'E</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.0" unit="m" value="50.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="0.0">
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<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.0" unit="m" value="50.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="0.0">0-100 m</quantity>
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depth
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</elevation>
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,
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<collectingMethod>oblique towing with conical net</collectingMethod>
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,
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<collectingDate value="2020-02">Feb 2020</collectingDate>
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, NIBRIV0000895304 (
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<specimenCount type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-07" collectingMethod="oblique towing with conical net" elevation="8" latitude="35.37583" location="Yellow Sea" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="126.08943" specimenCount="five" typeStatus="holotype">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EAF6ACF97B105A92BFE8E99FD96875EC:16B00A6C9C73CC00D364C16F0C6E916B" latitude="35.37583" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="126.08943" name="Yellow Sea">Yellow Sea</location>
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(
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<geoCoordinate degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="22.550" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.37583">35°22.550'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="126" direction="east" minutes="5.366" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="126.08943">126°5.366'E</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<elevation metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.25" metricValueMax="16.5" metricValueMin="0.0" unit="m" value="8.25" valueMax="16.5" valueMin="0.0">
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<quantity metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.25" metricValueMax="16.5" metricValueMin="0.0" unit="m" value="8.25" valueMax="16.5" valueMin="0.0">0-16.5 m</quantity>
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depth
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</elevation>
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,
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<collectingMethod>oblique towing with conical net</collectingMethod>
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,
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<collectingDate value="2020-07">Jul 2020</collectingDate>
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,
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<specimenCount type="generic">five specimens</specimenCount>
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-02" collectingMethod="oblique towing with conical net" country="Korea" elevation="14" latitude="34.2283" location="Strait" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="127.59" specimenCount="one" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry name="South Korea">Korea</collectingCountry>
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EAF6ACF97B105A92BFE8E99FD96875EC:9FCABB0DD5717C3A48BEB46C13AD4CA3" country="Korea" latitude="34.2283" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="127.59" name="Strait">Strait</location>
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(
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<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="north" minutes="13.698" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="34.2283">34°13.698'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="127" direction="east" minutes="35.400" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="127.59">127°35.400'E</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="0.0" unit="m" value="14.0" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="0.0">
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<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="0.0" unit="m" value="14.0" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="0.0">0-28 m</quantity>
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depth
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</elevation>
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,
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<collectingMethod>oblique towing with conical net</collectingMethod>
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,
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<collectingDate value="2020-02">Feb 2020</collectingDate>
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(
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<specimenCount type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
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N (naked
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<typeStatus>type</typeStatus>
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)
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</emphasis>
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: Yellow Sea (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="17.316" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.2886">35°17.316'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="126" direction="east" minutes="10.483" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="126.17471">126°10.483'E</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<quantity metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" metricValueMax="6.4" metricValueMin="0.0" unit="m" value="3.2" valueMax="6.4" valueMin="0.0">0-6.4 m</quantity>
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depth, oblique towing with conical net,
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<date value="2020-07">Jul 2020</date>
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, NIBRIV0000895303 (
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<specimenCount type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Type C</emphasis>
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: total body length ranged within 9.9 and 11.2 mm. Tail 26.6-29.8% of body length. Rigid and opaque body (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. A Aidanosagitta crassa Type C (dorsal view) B Aidanosagitta crassa Type N (dorsal view) C head and neck D tail E anterior fin F posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; CC = corona ciliata; COL = collarette; E = eye; IN = intestine; ID = intestine diverticula; PF = posterior fin; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704203" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">19</figureCitation>
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). Head small. Collarette beginning at neck and reaching middle of body (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. A Aidanosagitta crassa Type C (dorsal view) B Aidanosagitta crassa Type N (dorsal view) C head and neck D tail E anterior fin F posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; CC = corona ciliata; COL = collarette; E = eye; IN = intestine; ID = intestine diverticula; PF = posterior fin; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704203" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">19A</figureCitation>
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). Round eyes star-shaped eye pigments. Corona ciliata beginning from neck, elongated to anterior of ventral ganglion (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. A Aidanosagitta crassa Type C (dorsal view) B Aidanosagitta crassa Type N (dorsal view) C head and neck D tail E anterior fin F posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; CC = corona ciliata; COL = collarette; E = eye; IN = intestine; ID = intestine diverticula; PF = posterior fin; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704203" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">19A, B</figureCitation>
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). Intestinal diverticula present (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. A Aidanosagitta crassa Type C (dorsal view) B Aidanosagitta crassa Type N (dorsal view) C head and neck D tail E anterior fin F posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; CC = corona ciliata; COL = collarette; E = eye; IN = intestine; ID = intestine diverticula; PF = posterior fin; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704203" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">19C</figureCitation>
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). Two pairs of lateral fins completely rayed (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. A Aidanosagitta crassa Type C (dorsal view) B Aidanosagitta crassa Type N (dorsal view) C head and neck D tail E anterior fin F posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; CC = corona ciliata; COL = collarette; E = eye; IN = intestine; ID = intestine diverticula; PF = posterior fin; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704203" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">19E, F</figureCitation>
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). Anterior fins 18.1% of body length. Anterior fins beginning at posterior of ventral ganglion. Starting points of anterior fins 29.6% and ending points of anterior fins 46.6% of body length, respectively (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. A Aidanosagitta crassa Type C (dorsal view) B Aidanosagitta crassa Type N (dorsal view) C head and neck D tail E anterior fin F posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; CC = corona ciliata; COL = collarette; E = eye; IN = intestine; ID = intestine diverticula; PF = posterior fin; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704203" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">19D</figureCitation>
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). Posterior fins 23.0% of body length and 1.3 times longer than anterior fins. Starting of posterior fins 62.0% and ending points of posterior fins 86.9% of body length, respectively. Posterior fins well separated from anterior fins beginning at middle of body (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. A Aidanosagitta crassa Type C (dorsal view) B Aidanosagitta crassa Type N (dorsal view) C head and neck D tail E anterior fin F posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; CC = corona ciliata; COL = collarette; E = eye; IN = intestine; ID = intestine diverticula; PF = posterior fin; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704203" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">19A, D</figureCitation>
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). Seminal vesicles longitudinally elongated (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. A Aidanosagitta crassa Type C (dorsal view) B Aidanosagitta crassa Type N (dorsal view) C head and neck D tail E anterior fin F posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; CC = corona ciliata; COL = collarette; E = eye; IN = intestine; ID = intestine diverticula; PF = posterior fin; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704203" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">19D</figureCitation>
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). Eggs reaching posterior of ventral ganglion.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704203" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" start="Figure 19" startId="F19">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Figure 19.</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">A</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Tokioka" baseAuthorityYear="1939" class="Sagittoidea" family="Sagittidae" genus="Aidanosagitta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aidanosagitta crassa" order=" Aphragmophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chaetognatha" rank="species" species="crassa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Aidanosagitta crassa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Type C (dorsal view)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">B</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Tokioka" baseAuthorityYear="1939" class="Sagittoidea" family="Sagittidae" genus="Aidanosagitta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aidanosagitta crassa" order=" Aphragmophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chaetognatha" rank="species" species="crassa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Aidanosagitta crassa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Type N (dorsal view)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">C</emphasis>
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head and neck
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">D</emphasis>
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tail
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">E</emphasis>
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anterior fin
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">F</emphasis>
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posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; CC = corona ciliata; COL = collarette; E = eye; IN = intestine; ID = intestine diverticula; PF = posterior fin; SV = seminal vesicle.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Type N</emphasis>
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: total body length ranged between 8.1 and8.2 mm. Tail 27.0-30.0% of body length (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. A Aidanosagitta crassa Type C (dorsal view) B Aidanosagitta crassa Type N (dorsal view) C head and neck D tail E anterior fin F posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; CC = corona ciliata; COL = collarette; E = eye; IN = intestine; ID = intestine diverticula; PF = posterior fin; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704203" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">19B</figureCitation>
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). Collarette beginning at anterior of ventral ganglion and reaching posterior of ventral ganglion (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. A Aidanosagitta crassa Type C (dorsal view) B Aidanosagitta crassa Type N (dorsal view) C head and neck D tail E anterior fin F posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; CC = corona ciliata; COL = collarette; E = eye; IN = intestine; ID = intestine diverticula; PF = posterior fin; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704203" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">19B</figureCitation>
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). Anterior fins 19.1% of body length. Anterior fins beginning at posterior of ventral ganglion. Starting points of anterior fins 34.0% and end points of anterior fins 54.6% of body length, respectively (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. A Aidanosagitta crassa Type C (dorsal view) B Aidanosagitta crassa Type N (dorsal view) C head and neck D tail E anterior fin F posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; CC = corona ciliata; COL = collarette; E = eye; IN = intestine; ID = intestine diverticula; PF = posterior fin; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704203" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">19B</figureCitation>
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). Posterior fins 24.6% of body length and 1.3 times longer than anterior fins. Starting points of posterior head 60.9% and ending points of posterior fins 88.2% of body length, respectively. Posterior fins well-separated from anterior fins beginning at middle of body (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. A Aidanosagitta crassa Type C (dorsal view) B Aidanosagitta crassa Type N (dorsal view) C head and neck D tail E anterior fin F posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; CC = corona ciliata; COL = collarette; E = eye; IN = intestine; ID = intestine diverticula; PF = posterior fin; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704203" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">19A, B</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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This species is found in the neritic water of the Pacific Ocean (
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<bibRefCitation author="Pierrot-Bults, AC" editor="Bone, Q" journalOrPublisher="Oxford Science Publications, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="86 - 116" refId="B70" refString="Pierrot-Bults, AC, Nair, VR, 1991. Distribution patterns in Chaetognatha. In: Bone, Q, Kapp, H, Pierrot-Bults, AC, Eds., The Biology of the Chaetognaths. Oxford Science Publications, New York: 86 - 116" title="Distribution patterns in Chaetognatha." volumeTitle="The Biology of the Chaetognaths." year="1991">Pierrot-Bults and Nair 1991</bibRefCitation>
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), the neritic coastal water of Hong Kong (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2007.01.011" author="Tse, P" journalOrPublisher="Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="290 - 298" refId="B92" refString="Tse, P, Hui, SY, Wong, CK, 2007. Species composition and seasonal abundance of Chaetognatha in the subtropical coastal waters of Hong Kong. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 73 (1-2): 290 - 298, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2007.01.011" title="Species composition and seasonal abundance of Chaetognatha in the subtropical coastal waters of Hong Kong." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2007.01.011" volume="73" year="2007">Tse et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
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) and the Tosa Bay of Japan (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3800/pbr.9.176" author="Ohnishi, T" journalOrPublisher="Plankton & Benthos Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="176 - 187" refId="B59" refString="Ohnishi, T, Ueda, H, Kuroda, K, 2014. Community structure and spatial distribution of chaetognaths in Tosa Bay on the temperate Kuroshio coast of Japan. Plankton & Benthos Research 9 (3): 176 - 187, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3800/pbr.9.176" title="Community structure and spatial distribution of chaetognaths in Tosa Bay on the temperate Kuroshio coast of Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.3800/pbr.9.176" volume="9" year="2014">Ohnishi et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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). In this study, it was found in the epipelagic zone (0-100 m depth) of the East Sea, Korea Strait and Yellow Sea (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Sampling stations in Korean waters. Empty circles, sampling stations; filled circles, the stations where the chaetognaths were secured." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704185" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">1</figureCitation>
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, stations ES01, YS01, YS02 and KS01).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Tokioka" baseAuthorityYear="1939" class="Sagittoidea" family="Sagittidae" genus="Aidanosagitta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aidanosagitta crassa" order=" Aphragmophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chaetognatha" rank="species" species="crassa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Aidanosagitta crassa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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appears in high abundance throughout the year in the relatively low saline waters of the Yellow Sea and coast of Jeju (
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<bibRefCitation author="Park, JS" journalOrPublisher="The Korean Society of Oceanography" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" refId="B61" refString="Park, JS, 1970. The chaetognaths of Korean waters. PhD Thesis, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea." title="The chaetognaths of Korean waters. PhD Thesis, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea." year="1970">Park 1970</bibRefCitation>
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). This species rarely appears in the summer warm waters of southern Korea. The body length varies according to the season and it has been reported that they are large (type C) in winter and small in summer (type N) (
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<bibRefCitation author="Park, JS" journalOrPublisher="The Korean Society of Oceanography" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" refId="B61" refString="Park, JS, 1970. The chaetognaths of Korean waters. PhD Thesis, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea." title="The chaetognaths of Korean waters. PhD Thesis, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea." year="1970">Park 1970</bibRefCitation>
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). Specimens of type C die after spawning and those of type N dominate the new generation (
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<bibRefCitation author="Park, JS" journalOrPublisher="The Korean Society of Oceanography" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" refId="B61" refString="Park, JS, 1970. The chaetognaths of Korean waters. PhD Thesis, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea." title="The chaetognaths of Korean waters. PhD Thesis, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea." year="1970">Park 1970</bibRefCitation>
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). We obtained specimens from the East Sea in winter and the Yellow Sea in summer.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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Previous researchers classified
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Tokioka" baseAuthorityYear="1939" class="Sagittoidea" family="Sagittidae" genus="Aidanosagitta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aidanosagitta crassa" order=" Aphragmophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chaetognatha" rank="species" species="crassa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Aidanosagitta crassa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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into three types according to the distribution of the collarette: C type, covers from the neck to the body; N type, covers only the ventral ganglion; and I type, covers the ventral ganglion and partially covers the body (
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<bibRefCitation author="Park, JS" journalOrPublisher="The Korean Society of Oceanography" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" refId="B61" refString="Park, JS, 1970. The chaetognaths of Korean waters. PhD Thesis, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea." title="The chaetognaths of Korean waters. PhD Thesis, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea." year="1970">Park 1970</bibRefCitation>
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). In this study, specimens of types C and N were collected and the Korean type C from the Yellow Sea had the same morphological characteristics of the collarette as the original description of this species reported by
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<bibRefCitation author="Tokioka, T" journalOrPublisher="Records of Oceanographic Works in Japan" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="122 - 150" refId="B85" refString="Tokioka, T, 1939. Chaetognaths collected chiefly from the Bays of Sagami and Suruga with some notes on the shape and structure of the seminal vesicles. Records of Oceanographic Works in Japan 10: 122 - 150" title="Chaetognaths collected chiefly from the Bays of Sagami and Suruga with some notes on the shape and structure of the seminal vesicles." volume="10" year="1939">Tokioka (1939)</bibRefCitation>
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. Similarly, type N, which appeared together with type C at other stations of the Yellow Sea, was consistent with the morphological characteristics of the collarette of
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<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. crassa" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rank="species" species="crassa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">A. crassa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Tokioka" baseAuthorityYear="1939" class="Sagittoidea" family="Sagittidae" form="naikaiensis" genus="Aidanosagitta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aidanosagitta crassa subsp. f." order=" Aphragmophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chaetognatha" rank="form" species="crassa" subSpecies="f.">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Aidanosagitta crassa f. naikaiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Tokioka, T" journalOrPublisher="Records of Oceanographic Works in Japan" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="122 - 150" refId="B85" refString="Tokioka, T, 1939. Chaetognaths collected chiefly from the Bays of Sagami and Suruga with some notes on the shape and structure of the seminal vesicles. Records of Oceanographic Works in Japan 10: 122 - 150" title="Chaetognaths collected chiefly from the Bays of Sagami and Suruga with some notes on the shape and structure of the seminal vesicles." volume="10" year="1939">Tokioka 1939</bibRefCitation>
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). It has been reported that the three types of
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<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. crassa" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rank="species" species="crassa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">A. crassa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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appear at different periods depending on environmental factors (water temperature and salinity) of the specific sea area; however, in this study, both types appeared simultaneously in the Yellow Sea. A more detailed ecological investigation of the impact of environment factors on the succession of the three types of
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<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. crassa" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rank="species" species="crassa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">A. crassa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is necessary. We observed four specimens for type C of
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<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. crassa" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rank="species" species="crassa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">A. crassa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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CBE staining pattern: dorsomedian line, 14 dots; dorsolateral line,> 100 dots; lateral line, 8 dots; receptors on the lateral fin, 8 dots; anterolateral receptors on the caudal fin, 4 dots; posterior receptors on the caudal fin, 6 dots. The pattern of dorsomedian dots was small spots that crossed the centre of the body and larger symmetrical spots on dorsolateral line dots. In addition, we observed three specimens for type N of
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<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. crassa" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rank="species" species="crassa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">A. crassa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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CBE staining pattern: dorsomedian line, 35 dots; dorsolateral line, 34 dots; lateral line, 12 dots; receptors on the lateral fin, not observed; anterolateral receptors on the caudal fin, 2 dots; posterior receptors on the caudal fin, 4 dots.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |