149 lines
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149 lines
13 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380" ID-PMC="PMC6033956" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-102-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67" ID-PubMed="30002597" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1306325" ModsDocID="1314-2003-102-1" checkinTime="1530324112772" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="DeFilipps, Robert A. & Krupnick, Gary A." docDate="2018" docId="C7A3574384A65E8FA40B49E97A7C264E" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 102: 1-341" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 102" docPubDate="2018-06-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380" docTitle="Capsicum annuum L. (= C. frutescens L.)" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67" lastPageNumber="160" masterDocId="AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67" masterDocTitle="The medicinal plants of Myanmar" masterLastPageNumber="341" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="159" updateTime="1668138950833" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The medicinal plants of Myanmar</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>DeFilipps, Robert A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Deceased</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Krupnick, Gary A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1357-4826</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC- 166, Washington, DC, 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">krupnick@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2018-06-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>102</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>341</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-102-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1306325</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182396418" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C7A3574384A65E8FA40B49E97A7C264E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C7A3574384A65E8FA40B49E97A7C264E" lastPageId="159" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
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<subSubSection pageId="158" pageNumber="159" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
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<taxonomicName LSID="C7A35743-84A6-5E8F-A40B-49E97A7C264E" authority="L. (= C. frutescens L.)" authorityName="L. (= C. frutescens L.)" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum annuum" order="Solanales" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="annuum">Capsicum annuum L. (= C. frutescens L.)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="158" pageNumber="159" type="names">
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<paragraph pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Names.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Myanmar</emphasis>
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:
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">ngayok</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">English</emphasis>
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: bell pepper, cayenne pepper, chili pepper, hot pepper, red pepper, tabasco.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="158" pageNumber="159" type="range">
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<paragraph pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Range.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="158" pageNumber="159">New World tropics. Cultivated in Myanmar.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="158" pageNumber="159" type="uses">
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<paragraph pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Uses.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Fruit</emphasis>
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: Used as a rubefacient and hot spice.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="159" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
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Worldwide medicinal usage, chemical composition, and toxicity of this species are discussed by
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<bibRefCitation author="Duke, JA" journalOrPublisher="Lipid / Fett" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" refId="B32" refString="Duke, JA, 1986. CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida." title="CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida." year="1986">Duke (1986)</bibRefCitation>
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. Medicinal uses of this species in India are discussed in
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<bibRefCitation author="Jain, SK" journalOrPublisher="Phytotherapy Research" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" refId="B50" refString="Jain, SK, DeFilipps, RA, 1991. Medicinal Plants of India. 2 Vols. Reference Publications, Inc, Algonac." title="Medicinal Plants of India. 2 Vols. Reference Publications, Inc, Algonac." year="1991">Jain and DeFilipps (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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. Chemical constituents, pharmacological action, and medicinal uses of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum annuum" order="Solanales" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="annuum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Capsicum annuum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in Indian Ayurveda are discussed in detail by
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<bibRefCitation author="Kapoor, LD" journalOrPublisher="Phytotherapy Research" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" refId="B51" refString="Kapoor, LD, 1990. CRC Handbook of Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton." title="CRC Handbook of Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton." year="1990">Kapoor (1990)</bibRefCitation>
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. Indigenous medicinal uses of this species (as dual entries
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum annuum" order="Solanales" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="annuum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Capsicum annuum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum frutescens" order="Solanales" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frutescens">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Capsicum frutescens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (India) are described by
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<bibRefCitation author="Dagar, JC" journalOrPublisher="Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" refId="B27" refString="Dagar, JC, Singh, NT, 1999. Plant Resources of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Enumeration and Utilisation of Vascular Plants). Vol. II. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, 281-987." title="Plant Resources of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Enumeration and Utilisation of Vascular Plants). Vol. II. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, 281 - 987." year="1999">Dagar and Singh (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
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The medicinal uses of this plant in the Caribbean region, as well as its chemistry, biological activity, toxicity, and dosages, are discussed by
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<bibRefCitation author="Germosen-Robineau, L" journalOrPublisher=".. y Tienen Faxones y Fabas Muy Diversos de Los Nuestros ... '' Origin, Evolution and Diversity of Cuban Plant Genetic Resources, Vol. 1. Institut fuer Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, Gatersleben" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" refId="B40" refString="Germosen-Robineau, L, 1997. Farmacopea Vegetal Caribena, (1st edn). Ediciones Emile Desormeaux, Fort-de-France." title="Farmacopea Vegetal Caribena, (1 st edn). Ediciones Emile Desormeaux, Fort-de-France." year="1997">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Germosén-Robineau">Germosen-Robineau</normalizedToken>
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(1997)
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
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The chemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and use of this species (as
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum frutescens" order="Solanales" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frutescens">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Capsicum frutescens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) for a hunting poison and medicinal plant in Africa are discussed by
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<bibRefCitation author="Neuwinger, HD" journalOrPublisher="Phytomedicine" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="B82" refString="Neuwinger, HD, 1994. African Ethnobotany: Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, London." title="African Ethnobotany: Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, London." year="1994">Neuwinger (1994)</bibRefCitation>
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. A pharmacognostical profile including medicinal uses of this plant (as
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum annuum" order="Solanales" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="annuum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Capsicum annuum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum frutescens" order="Solanales" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frutescens">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Capsicum frutescens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) in Africa is given in
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<bibRefCitation author="Iwu, MM" journalOrPublisher="African Journal of Traditional, Complementary, and Alternative Medicines" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" refId="B48" refString="Iwu, MM, 1993. Handbook of African Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida." title="Handbook of African Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida." year="1993">Iwu (1993)</bibRefCitation>
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. Details of the active chemical compounds, effects, herbal usage, and pharmacological literature of "Cayenne pepper" are given in
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<bibRefCitation author="Fleming, T" journalOrPublisher="ARS Pharmaceutica" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" refId="B36" refString="Fleming, T, 2000. PDR for Herbal Medicines (2nd edn). Medical Economics Company, Montvale." title="PDR for Herbal Medicines (2 nd edn). Medical Economics Company, Montvale." year="2000">Fleming (2000)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="159" pageNumber="160">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="159" pageNumber="160" start="start">As</pageBreakToken>
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noted by
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<bibRefCitation author="Bertran, DM" journalOrPublisher="Bioscience" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" refId="B12" refString="Bertran, DM, 1997. The Healing Garden (An Exhibit of the NIH Visitor Information Center). National Institutes of Health, Washington, D.C." title="The Healing Garden (An Exhibit of the NIH Visitor Information Center). National Institutes of Health, Washington, D. C." year="1997">Bertran (1997)</bibRefCitation>
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, in modern medicine, a purified extract of the common chili pepper is used in a cream. Its pain-relieving qualities are based on the active ingredient
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“capsaicin”">"capsaicin"</normalizedToken>
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, and capsaicin cream is used "as a substitute for the previously-required narcotic analgesics that were used to relieve the excruciating and often intractable pain of a condition that can follow shingles-postherpetic neuralgia. Capsaicin blocks pain signals that come from nerves just under the skin. Pain signals from tissues near the skin are greatly diminished or completely eliminated following continued application of capsaicin. No other compound is known to do this."
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="159" pageNumber="160" type="reference">
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<paragraph pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Reference.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="159" pageNumber="160">
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<bibRefCitation author="Nordal, A" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="B85" refString="Nordal, A, 1963. The Medicinal Plants and Crude Drugs of Burma. Hellstrom & Nordahls Boktrykkeri, Oslo." title="The Medicinal Plants and Crude Drugs of Burma. Hellstrom & Nordahls Boktrykkeri, Oslo." year="1963">Nordal (1963)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |