177 lines
16 KiB
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177 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.63.90530" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2305-2562-2-105" ID-Pensoft-UUID="44F791AD583A5D77BC8671D2A04BD799" ID-ZooBank="9043366D4428449ABC61D7310BA183D4" ModsDocID="2305-2562-63-2-105" checkinTime="1664944165572" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Zonstein, Sergei & Marusik, Yuri M." docDate="2022" docId="4ECD3B3445245A948E555499D06E8CE1" docLanguage="en" docName="AfrInvert 63(2): 105-119" docOrigin="African Invertebrates 63 (2)" docPubDate="2022-10-04" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.63.90530" docTitle="Ikuma spiculosa" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="44F791AD583A5D77BC8671D2A04BD799" lastPageNumber="105" masterDocId="44F791AD583A5D77BC8671D2A04BD799" masterDocTitle="Redescription of the poorly known genus Ikuma Lawrence, with synonymy and description of a new species from Namibia (Araneae, Palpimanidae)" masterLastPageNumber="119" masterPageNumber="105" pageNumber="105" updateTime="1664944165572" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Redescription of the poorly known genus Ikuma Lawrence, with synonymy and description of a new species from Namibia (Araneae, Palpimanidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Zonstein, Sergei</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4515-0630</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Klausner 12, 69978 Tel-Aviv, Israel</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">serzon56@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Marusik, Yuri M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4499-5148</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Zoological Museum, Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, FI- 20014, Finland & Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>African Invertebrates</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-10-04</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>63</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>105</mods:start>
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<mods:end>119</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.63.90530</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.63.90530</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2305-2562-2-105</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">9043366D4428449ABC61D7310BA183D4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">44F791AD583A5D77BC8671D2A04BD799</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4ECD3B3445245A948E555499D06E8CE1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4ECD3B3445245A948E555499D06E8CE1" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="105" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
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<taxonomicName LSID="4ECD3B34-4524-5A94-8E55-5499D06E8CE1" authority="(Lawrence, 1927)" baseAuthorityName="Lawrence" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Arachnida" family="Palpimanidae" genus="Ikuma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ikuma spiculosa" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spiculosa">Ikuma spiculosa (Lawrence, 1927)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="105" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Ikuma spiculosa, immature holotype specimen SAM-ENW-B 006293 A, B spider in dorsal and lateral view, respectively C carapace, dorsal D body, ventral. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.63.90530.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752686" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="105" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Palpimanidae" genus="Palpimanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Palpimanus spiculosus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spiculosus">Palpimanus spiculosus</taxonomicName>
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Lawrence, 1927: 23 (j).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lawrence" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Arachnida" family="Palpimanidae" genus="Ikuma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ikuma spiculosa" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spiculosa">Ikuma spiculosa</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Lawrence, RF" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Transvaal Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" pagination="215 - 226" refId="B3" refString="Lawrence, RF, 1938. Transvaal Museum Expedition to South-West Africa and Little Namaqualand, May to August 1937. Spiders. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 19: 215 - 226" title="Transvaal Museum Expedition to South-West Africa and Little Namaqualand, May to August 1937. Spiders." volume="19" year="1938">Lawrence 1938</bibRefCitation>
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: 217.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lawrence" authorityYear="1938" class="Arachnida" family="Palpimanidae" genus="Ikuma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ikuma squamata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squamata">Ikuma squamata</taxonomicName>
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Lawrence, 1938: 217, fig. 3 (j), syn. nov.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="105" type="types">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Types.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Palpimanidae" genus="Palpimanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Palpimanus spiculosus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spiculosus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Palpimanus spiculosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Holotype</emphasis>
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: juvenile, Namibia, Oshikoto Region, Namutoni,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="48.5" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-18.808332">18°48.5'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="16" direction="east" minutes="56.5" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="16.941668">16°56.5'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1100 m, unspecified collector, most seemingly G.C. Shortridge (see
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1926.tb01549.x" author="Thomas, O" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" pagination="285 - 312" refId="B6" refString="Thomas, O, 1926. On Mammals from Ovamboland and the Cunene River, obtained during Capt. Shortridge's third Percy Sladen and Kaffrarian Museum Expedition into South-West Africa. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1926 (1): 285 - 312, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1926.tb01549.x" title="On Mammals from Ovamboland and the Cunene River, obtained during Capt. Shortridge's third Percy Sladen and Kaffrarian Museum Expedition into South-West Africa." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1926.tb01549.x" volume="1926" year="1926">Thomas 1926</bibRefCitation>
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), 29.viii.1923 (SAM-ENW-B006293), seen from the full-colour and high-resolution macro-photographs kindly provided by N. Larsen.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lawrence" authorityYear="1938" class="Arachnida" family="Palpimanidae" genus="Ikuma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ikuma squamata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squamata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Ikuma squamata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Holotype</emphasis>
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: juvenile (or subadult specimen), the same collection data as the preceding but
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lawrence" authorityYear="1938" class="Arachnida" family="Palpimanidae" genus="Ikuma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ikuma" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ikuma</taxonomicName>
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(Ekuma) River Valley, approximately
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<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-18.566668">18°34'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="16" direction="east" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="16.0">16°00'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1100 m, further details uncertain, presumably deposited in the Transvaal Museum (currently DNMNH); however, it was not found there.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="105" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
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There are a number of significant differences between
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lawrence" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Arachnida" family="Palpimanidae" genus="Ikuma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ikuma spiculosa" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spiculosa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Ikuma spiculosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. larseni" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="larseni">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">I. larseni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. It concerns the coloration of the abdomen (contrastingly bicolorous vs. uniformly pale), position of the appressed pubescence on the carapace (mostly subcentral vs. sublateral), and the relative length of interdistance AME-AME (longer than AME-ALE vs. shorter than AME-ALE).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="105" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Description (based on seemingly non-adult specimens).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
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The species was in fairly sufficient details described by
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<bibRefCitation author="Lawrence, RF" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 75" refId="B2" refString="Lawrence, RF, 1927. Contributions to a knowledge of the fauna of South-West Africa V. Arachnida. Annals of the South African Museum 25 (1): 1 - 75" title="Contributions to a knowledge of the fauna of South-West Africa V. Arachnida." volume="25" year="1927">Lawrence (1927</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Lawrence, RF" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Transvaal Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" pagination="215 - 226" refId="B3" refString="Lawrence, RF, 1938. Transvaal Museum Expedition to South-West Africa and Little Namaqualand, May to August 1937. Spiders. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 19: 215 - 226" title="Transvaal Museum Expedition to South-West Africa and Little Namaqualand, May to August 1937. Spiders." volume="19" year="1938">1938</bibRefCitation>
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). See also Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Ikuma spiculosa, immature holotype specimen SAM-ENW-B 006293 A, B spider in dorsal and lateral view, respectively C carapace, dorsal D body, ventral. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.63.90530.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752686" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">1</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="105" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Oshikoto Region in northern Namibia.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="105" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
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The aerial distance between the type localities of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lawrence" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Arachnida" family="Palpimanidae" genus="Ikuma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ikuma spiculosa" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spiculosa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Ikuma spiculosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="squamata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">I. squamata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Namutoni and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lawrence" authorityYear="1938" class="Arachnida" family="Palpimanidae" genus="Ikuma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ikuma" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ikuma</taxonomicName>
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River, is less than 100 km. Both are situated at the same elevation, and they adjoin the same saline depression Etosha Pan. The holotype specimens of the two species do not differ in the peculiarities and details of their pubescence and overall colouration. Judging from the original descriptions, these types can be distinguished only by their size (TL 3.6 in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. spiculosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="spiculosa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">I. spiculosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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vs. 5.5 in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="squamata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">I. squamata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). Applied to the difference in the body size between these specimens and the type series of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. larseni" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="larseni">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">I. larseni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. (TL 10.7-12.1), it may simply indicate that these non-adult specimens can be, respectively, a younger and an elder instars belonging to the same species. Hence,
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Palpimanidae" genus="Palpimanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Palpimanus spiculosus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spiculosus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Palpimanus spiculosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Lawrence, 1927 is considered here a senior synonym of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lawrence" authorityYear="1938" class="Arachnida" family="Palpimanidae" genus="Ikuma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ikuma squamata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squamata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Ikuma squamata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Lawrence, 1938, syn. nov.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |