488 lines
53 KiB
XML
488 lines
53 KiB
XML
<document id="091F15707460CB22581EBFF7322D63C4" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.601.3.4" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8141856" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1689234448989" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Trujillo, William, Jaramillo, M. Alejandra, Toro, Diego & Balslev, Henrik" docDate="2023" docId="4B0087ACFFAD4261FF28FA10FE75DA7F" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.601.3.4.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 601 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.601.3.4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.6:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Piper rubrifolium W. Trujillo-C. & M. A. Jaram" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="279" masterDocId="B739FFD4FFA04271FFA0FF93FFD6D946" masterDocTitle="Over- and under-described: new species, new synonyms, and a new name in the megadiverse genus Piper (Piperaceae) on the east Andean slopes" masterLastPageNumber="284" masterPageNumber="263" pageNumber="276" updateTime="1689274511015" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="C35FBFCE47AF8C22EB2A00E3401674C0">Over- and under-described: new species, new synonyms, and a new name in the megadiverse genus Piper (Piperaceae) on the east Andean slopes</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B6A63CF50490BC6150F0F54EEB93FE37">Trujillo, William</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="21F86CCDE8E8F48C53408ABCA462E8A2" type="ORCID">0000-0002-0170-016X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="0CE6C7104878804870667D8BC35CDFF6">Grupo Investigaciones territoriales para el uso y conservación de la biodiversidad. Fundación La Palmita, Centro de Investigación. Cra 4 # 58 - 59 piso 2, Bogotá, Colombia. & williamtrujilloca @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0170 - 016 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="70D77A74B937CF513F79CD5DC0295AB2" type="email">williamtrujilloca@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="224E3DA6897D2CF35206086A045A75E7">Jaramillo, M. Alejandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="35957457650806DD6A334439A6806997" type="ORCID">0000-0002-6539-4149</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="0BAE8F57F45E35CC20696931A8D1FAC6">Grupo DIVERSITAS, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, km 2 Vía Cajicá-Zipaquirá, Cajicá, Colombia. & maria. jaramillo @ unimilitar. edu. co; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6539 - 4149</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="46322883C02B3E36A7EAFDAB2016AF4F" type="email">maria.jaramillo@unimilitar.edu.co</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="69629B750BD920D64943879393F2639A">Toro, Diego</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9E8CE59F3A180A57A553255502300C79">Centro de Investigaciones Amazónicas CIMAZ-MACAGUAL, Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia 180002, Colombia. & diegoalextoro @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0009 - 0007 - 5970 - 8598</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="61124DFF04CE0A28E614D81C2BFC53AF" type="email">diegoalextoro@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="A7030F15F215AADFCC449121769087B5">Balslev, Henrik</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CB6B8AE36ADBD782008F083F40A43197">Department of Biology, Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Aarhus University, DK- 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. & henrik. balslev @ bio. au. dk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7101 - 7120</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="650653AA5A7AB0F6DD573F5552502BAB" type="email">henrik.balslev@bio.au.dk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="D8E368D605A67959A591F0B2394DF318">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="77A8206237B87B59D399616D5299B199">
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<mods:date id="8F805EA2E63468C9CB0B4CBECBA52EA2">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="00B6BD3694E5365B73D46A929EFCD2D5">2023-07-11</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="31556D76304FCD56F622081F657CDEE7">601</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="1C7CFAC4606F7C2C8F34BAEA62423376">263</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="7E4202BB7F59361F163643ED2E1CADB9">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.601.3.4</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="CBC1E945383858484D038DD21EAA261D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="7C21FDF5BAAAC05093C4353CAEA5851E" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.601.3.4</mods:identifier>
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<paragraph id="C31636BAFFAD427CFF28FA10FC14DCDB" blockId="13.[136,962,1410,1438]" box="[136,962,1410,1438]" pageId="13" pageNumber="276">
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<heading id="985E81D6FFAD427CFF28FA10FC14DCDB" box="[136,962,1410,1438]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="276" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="04A94D39FFAD427CFF28FA10FD48DCDB" authority="W. Trujillo-C. & M.A.Jaram" authorityName="W. Trujillo-C. & M. A. Jaram" box="[136,670,1410,1438]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="13" pageNumber="276" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubrifolium">
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<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFAD427CFF28FA10FE82DCDB" bold="true" box="[136,340,1410,1437]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="276">Piper rubrifolium</emphasis>
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W. Trujillo-C. & M.A.Jaram
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFAD427CFD08FA17FD21DCDB" box="[680,759,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="276">sp. nov</emphasis>
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.,
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<figureCitation id="5B922A3FFFAD427CFCADFA10FC8FDCDB" box="[781,857,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1964,1986]" captionTargetBox="[151,1393,577,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-105@2.[151,1436,556,1936]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic relationships of the species Piper oteguanum, P. rubrifolium, P. laperdizense, P. calanyanum and P. morelianum based on Maximum Likelihood analysis of nrITS sequences. Names with taxonomic novelties are shown in bold. Names of clades follow Jaramillo et al. (2008), and Callejas-Posada (2020). Numbers above branches are ML bootstrap support values (>80)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8141858" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8141858/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="276">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="5B922A3FFFAD427CFCC7FA10FCA1DCDB" box="[871,887,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[136,229,2069,2091]" captionTargetBox="[226,1362,1183,2042]" captionTargetId="figure-232@4.[222,1366,1179,2045]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. The localities of four new Piper species on the east Andes slopes of Colombia, and Ecuador." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8141860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8141860/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="276">2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="5B922A3FFFAD427CFC23FA10FC45DCDB" box="[899,915,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[136,229,2026,2048]" captionTargetBox="[249,1287,459,1990]" captionTargetId="figure-143@14.[245,1343,443,2004]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. Piper rubrifolium. A. Sympodial branch with a spike near the apex. B. Fruit lateral view. C. Detail of the infructescence. D. Floral bract from above. E. Floral diagram. Illustration by Marcela Morales based on the type specimen, W. Trujillo et al. 3139 (COAH)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8141878" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8141878/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="276">9</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="5B922A3FFFAD427CFC3FFA10FC68DCDB" box="[927,958,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="15.[136,229,1595,1617]" captionTargetBox="[284,1304,190,1571]" captionTargetId="figure-18@15.[284,1304,190,1571]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 10. Piper rubrifolium. A. Sympodial branch showing abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces. B. Abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces, petioles and a young spike. C. Fruiting spike. Photos by William Trujillo from the type, W. Trujillo 3139 (COAH)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8141881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8141881/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="276">10</figureCitation>
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.
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="8BB36531FFAD427CFF28FA5CFDE2DF4E" pageId="13" pageNumber="276" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C31636BAFFAD427CFF28FA5CFDE2DF4E" blockId="13.[136,1453,1486,1689]" pageId="13" pageNumber="276">
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<materialsCitation id="73C13CE7FFAD427CFF28FA5CFA7FDCA2" box="[136,1449,1486,1509]" collectingDate="2014-07-16" collectionCode="W" collectorName="La Ruidosa" country="Colombia" elevation="2027" latitude="1.8688889" location="Caqueta" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-75.66111" pageId="13" pageNumber="276" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Caqueta">
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Type:—
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<collectingCountry id="BBBE762AFFAD427CFF76FA5CFE8CDCA2" box="[214,346,1487,1508]" name="Colombia" pageId="13" pageNumber="276">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
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:
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, Florencia, trail to Tarqui,
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ravine,
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,
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,
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[fr],
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<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFAD427CFA34FA5CFA7FDCA2" box="[1428,1449,1487,1508]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="276">W</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFAD427CFA09FA5CFA7BDCA2" box="[1449,1453,1487,1508]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="276">.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="73C13CE7FFAD427CFF1DFA60FDE2DF4E" box="[189,564,1523,1545]" collectionCode="COAH" country="Colombia" pageId="13" pageNumber="276" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Caqueta" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFAD427CFF1DFA60FEA7DF4E" box="[189,369,1523,1544]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="276">Trujillo et al. 3139</emphasis>
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(
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!].
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8BB36531FFAD427FFF28F985FE0FD8F2" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="277" pageId="13" pageNumber="276" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="C31636BAFFAD427CFF28F985FAE6DFDF" blockId="13.[136,1453,1486,1689]" pageId="13" pageNumber="276">
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<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFAD427CFF28F985FF3DDF6A" bold="true" box="[136,235,1558,1580]" pageId="13" pageNumber="276">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
:—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04A94D39FFAD427CFEADF984FE63DF6A" box="[269,437,1559,1580]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="13" pageNumber="276" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubrifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFAD427CFEADF984FE63DF6A" box="[269,437,1559,1580]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="276">Piper rubrifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is closely related
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||
<taxonomicName id="04A94D39FFAD427CFDF9F984FC28DF6A" authority="Trel. & Yunck. (1950: 104)" authorityName="Trel. & Yunck MAJ" authorityPageNumber="104" authorityYear="1950" box="[601,1022,1558,1581]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="13" pageNumber="276" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sabaletasanum">
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||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFAD427CFDF9F984FD28DF6A" box="[601,766,1559,1580]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="276">P.sabaletasanum</emphasis>
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||
Trel. &Yunck.(1950: 104)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<taxonomicName id="04A94D39FFAD427CFBA7F984FBADDF6A" authorityName="Trel. & Yunck MAJ" authorityYear="1950" box="[1031,1147,1559,1580]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="13" pageNumber="276" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spoliatum">
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||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFAD427CFBA7F984FBADDF6A" box="[1031,1147,1559,1580]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="276">P.spoliatum</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(1950: 118) and
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||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFAD427CFAB6F984FA7BDF6A" box="[1302,1453,1559,1580]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="276">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04A94D39FFAD427CFAB6F984FA7FDF6A" box="[1302,1449,1559,1580]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="13" pageNumber="276" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cajambrense">P. cajambrense</taxonomicName>
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||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
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||
It differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04A94D39FFAD427CFEE9F9A8FE0DDF16" box="[329,475,1595,1616]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="13" pageNumber="276" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cajambrense">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFAD427CFEE9F9A8FE0DDF16" box="[329,475,1595,1616]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="276">P. cajambrense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04A94D39FFAD427CFDA8F9A8FDA8DF16" authorityName="Trel. & Yunck MAJ" authorityYear="1950" box="[520,638,1595,1616]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="13" pageNumber="276" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spoliatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFAD427CFDA8F9A8FDA8DF16" box="[520,638,1595,1616]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="276">P. spoliatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having smooth internodes and petioles (vs. internodes and petioles with epidermal warty outgrowths in the latter). It can also be easily differentiated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04A94D39FFAD427CFCD2F9CCFBCDDF32" authorityName="Trel. & Yunck MAJ" authorityYear="1950" box="[882,1051,1631,1652]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="13" pageNumber="276" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sabaletasanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFAD427CFCD2F9CCFBCDDF32" box="[882,1051,1631,1652]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="276">P. sabaletasanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its smooth leaves vs. bullate leaves in the latter.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04A94D39FFAD427CFEBDF910FE11DFDE" box="[285,455,1667,1688]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="13" pageNumber="276" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubrifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFAD427CFEBDF910FE11DFDE" box="[285,455,1667,1688]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="276">Piper rubrifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has young leaves that are red on the underside, another trait that characterizes this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C31636BAFFAD427FFF28F954FE0FD8F2" blockId="13.[136,1452,1735,2085]" lastBlockId="14.[136,1452,158,436]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="277" pageId="13" pageNumber="276">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFAD427CFF28F954FF05DFA7" bold="true" box="[136,211,1735,1761]" pageId="13" pageNumber="276">Shrub</emphasis>
|
||
to
|
||
<quantity id="04519B5FFFAD427CFF5AF954FEF0DFA4" box="[250,294,1735,1762]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="276" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</quantity>
|
||
tall. Internodes smooth, green to red, glabrous to puberulent, idioblasts not evident in any part of the plant.
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFAD427CFF6FF978FE94DE43" bold="true" box="[207,322,1771,1797]" pageId="13" pageNumber="276">Prophylls</emphasis>
|
||
lacking.
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFAD427CFE0BF978FDD1DE43" bold="true" box="[427,519,1771,1797]" pageId="13" pageNumber="276">Petioles</emphasis>
|
||
uniform in shape and size along all axes,
|
||
<quantity id="04519B5FFFAD427CFC46F978FBECDE40" box="[998,1082,1771,1798]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="276" unit="cm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 cm</quantity>
|
||
long, vaginate along their entire length, smooth, glabrous to puberulent, green to burgundy colored.
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFAD427CFC33F89CFBC9DE6F" bold="true" box="[915,1055,1807,1833]" pageId="13" pageNumber="276">Leaf blades</emphasis>
|
||
chartaceous, brown when dry and red when fresh on the underside in young leaves, 12.5–16 ×
|
||
<quantity id="04519B5FFFAD427CFC95F8A0FC71DE08" box="[821,935,1843,1870]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="13" pageNumber="276" unit="cm" value="33.0" valueMax="37.0" valueMin="29.0">29–37 cm</quantity>
|
||
, variable in shape along axes; on monopodial axes, blade ovate, medially symmetric, base lobate, with lobes
|
||
<quantity id="04519B5FFFAD427CFCFEF8C4FC1FDE34" box="[862,969,1879,1906]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="276" unit="cm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1–1.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
long, symmetric, and not overlapping the petiole, sinus open, equilateral, basal insertion symmetric; on sympodial axes, blade elliptic, medially symmetric, base auriculate, lobes asymmetric, the shorter lobe
|
||
<quantity id="04519B5FFFAD427CFD2FF80CFD21DEFC" box="[655,759,1951,1978]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="13" pageNumber="276" unit="cm" value="1.85" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="0.7">0.7–3 cm</quantity>
|
||
long, the other lobe
|
||
<quantity id="04519B5FFFAD427CFC41F80CFB9FDEFC" box="[993,1097,1951,1978]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="276" unit="cm" value="2.1" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="2.0">2–2.2 cm</quantity>
|
||
longer, the longer one partially overlapping the petiole, sinus closed, inequilateral, insertion symmetric; leaf blade smooth, glabrous to puberulent on the abaxial surface, eciliate; pinnately nerved from the lower half to 3/4 of the midvein; secondary veins 4–5 pairs, festooned brochidodromous, with spacing decreasing and angle increasing towards the base; tertiary veins randomly reticulate to percurrent; apex acuminate.
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFAE427FFDEDFF0DFC32D9FE" bold="true" box="[589,996,158,184]" pageId="14" pageNumber="277">Inflorescences and infructescences</emphasis>
|
||
simple spikes, terminal, erect; peduncles
|
||
<quantity id="04519B5FFFAE427FFF28FF51FF0BD99B" box="[136,221,194,221]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="277" unit="cm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 cm</quantity>
|
||
long, glabrous, green; flowering rachis
|
||
<quantity id="04519B5FFFAE427FFD0AFF51FCDBD99B" box="[682,781,194,221]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="14" pageNumber="277" unit="cm" value="11.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="9.0">9–14 cm</quantity>
|
||
and fruiting rachis
|
||
<quantity id="04519B5FFFAE427FFC51FF51FBB4D99B" box="[1009,1122,194,221]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="277" unit="cm" value="26.5" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="25.0">25–28 cm</quantity>
|
||
long, fruits densely grouped along the rachis.
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFAE427FFEEDFF75FE3FD846" bold="true" box="[333,489,230,256]" pageId="14" pageNumber="277">Floral bracts</emphasis>
|
||
cucullate, triangular when seen from above, 0.6–0.8 ×
|
||
<quantity id="04519B5FFFAE427FFBC3FF75FB38D847" box="[1123,1262,230,257]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="277" unit="mm" value="0.4" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, glabrous on the adaxial surface and margin, not forming bands around the spike.
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFAE427FFCCFFE99FC18D862" bold="true" box="[879,974,266,292]" pageId="14" pageNumber="277">Flowers</emphasis>
|
||
with four stamens, filaments
|
||
<quantity id="04519B5FFFAE427FFA83FE99FA7AD863" box="[1315,1452,266,293]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="14" pageNumber="277" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, anthers 0.10–0.16 ×
|
||
<quantity id="04519B5FFFAE427FFE19FEBDFDB6D80F" box="[441,608,302,329]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="14" pageNumber="277" unit="mm" value="0.1" valueMax="0.12" valueMin="0.08">0.08–0.12 mm</quantity>
|
||
, longitudinal dehiscent, with two thecae, with connective not protruding, glabrate; stigmas 3,
|
||
<quantity id="04519B5FFFAE427FFED6FEC1FDCBD82B" box="[374,541,338,365]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="7" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="277" unit="mm" value="0.05" valueMax="0.07" valueMin="0.03">0.03–0.07 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, sessile.
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFAE427FFD67FEC1FCC6D82A" bold="true" box="[711,784,338,364]" pageId="14" pageNumber="277">Fruits</emphasis>
|
||
one-seeded berries, globose, 2–4 ×
|
||
<quantity id="04519B5FFFAE427FFB1CFEC1FAE2D82B" box="[1212,1332,338,365]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="14" pageNumber="277" unit="mm" value="2.9" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.8">1.8–4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, glabrous, partially immersed in the rachis, with stigmas persistent,
|
||
<quantity id="04519B5FFFAE427FFD5FFEE5FC77D8D7" box="[767,929,374,401]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="7" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="277" unit="mm" value="0.05" valueMax="0.07" valueMin="0.03">0.03–0.07 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, sessile, green when alive and black when dry.
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFAE427FFF1AFE09FF2BD8F2" bold="true" box="[186,253,410,436]" pageId="14" pageNumber="277">Seeds</emphasis>
|
||
ovoid, dark brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="97D66632FFAE427FFF28F879FA7FD165" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8141878" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8141878" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8141878/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="277" startId="14.[136,229,2026,2048]" targetBox="[249,1287,459,1990]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="C31636BAFFAE427FFF28F879FA7FD165" blockId="14.[136,1452,2026,2084]" pageId="14" pageNumber="277">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFAE427FFF28F879FF2EDEB9" bold="true" box="[136,248,2026,2048]" pageId="14" pageNumber="277">FIGURE 9</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04A94D39FFAE427FFEA4F878FE79DEB9" box="[260,431,2026,2048]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="14" pageNumber="277" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubrifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFAE427FFEA4F878FE79DEB9" box="[260,431,2026,2048]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="277">Piper rubrifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A. Sympodial branch with a spike near the apex. B. Fruit lateral view. C. Detail of the infructescence. D. Floral bract from above. E. Floral diagram. Illustration by Marcela Morales based on the type specimen,
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFAE427FFBD6F79CFAC5D165" box="[1142,1299,2062,2084]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="277">W. Trujillo et al.</emphasis>
|
||
3139 (COAH).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="97D66632FFAF427EFF28F9A8FB07DF33" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8141881" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8141881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8141881/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="278" startId="15.[136,229,1595,1617]" targetBox="[284,1304,190,1571]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="C31636BAFFAF427EFF28F9A8FB07DF33" blockId="15.[136,1452,1595,1653]" pageId="15" pageNumber="278">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFAF427EFF28F9A8FED3DF16" bold="true" box="[136,261,1595,1617]" pageId="15" pageNumber="278">FIGURE 10</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFAF427EFEB2F9AFFE13DF16" box="[274,453,1595,1617]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="278">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04A94D39FFAF427EFEB2F9AFFE17DF16" box="[274,449,1595,1617]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="15" pageNumber="278" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubrifolium">Piper rubrifolium</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A. Sympodial branch showing abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces. B. Abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces, petioles and a young spike. C. Fruiting spike. Photos by William Trujillo from the type,
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFAF427EFC75F9F3FBA6DF33" box="[981,1136,1631,1653]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="278">W. Trujillo 3139</emphasis>
|
||
(COAH).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8BB36531FFAF427EFF1DF937FC18DE6C" pageId="15" pageNumber="278" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="C31636BAFFAF427EFF1DF937FB9CDFA4" blockId="15.[136,1452,1700,2050]" pageId="15" pageNumber="278">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFAF427EFF1DF937FE99DFF8" bold="true" box="[189,335,1700,1726]" pageId="15" pageNumber="278">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
:—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04A94D39FFAF427EFED3F936FDECDFF8" box="[371,570,1700,1726]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="15" pageNumber="278" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubrifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFAF427EFED3F936FDECDFF8" box="[371,570,1700,1726]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="278">Piper rubrifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is endemic to the eastern cordillera of the Andes along the slopes towards the Amazon basin at
|
||
<quantity id="04519B5FFFAF427EFEEBF95BFE30DFA4" box="[331,486,1736,1763]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="278" unit="m" value="1750.0" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="1500.0">1500–2000 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation, in the Tropical montane rain forest (TMrf).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C31636BAFFAF427EFF1DF97FFB1DDE40" blockId="15.[136,1452,1700,2050]" box="[189,1227,1772,1798]" pageId="15" pageNumber="278">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFAF427EFF1DF97FFE7BDE40" bold="true" box="[189,429,1772,1798]" pageId="15" pageNumber="278">Habitat and ecology</emphasis>
|
||
:—It is a shade-loving species growing in the understory of rainforests.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C31636BAFFAF427EFF1DF883FC18DE6C" blockId="15.[136,1452,1700,2050]" box="[189,974,1808,1834]" pageId="15" pageNumber="278">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFAF427EFF1DF883FEEFDE6C" bold="true" box="[189,313,1808,1834]" pageId="15" pageNumber="278">Phenology</emphasis>
|
||
:—Flowering and fruiting specimen were collected in July.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8BB36531FFAF4261FF1DF8A7FD67D846" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="279" pageId="15" pageNumber="278" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C31636BAFFAF427EFF1DF8A7FC83DE34" blockId="15.[136,1452,1700,2050]" pageId="15" pageNumber="278">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFAF427EFF1DF8A7FEE8DE08" bold="true" box="[189,318,1844,1870]" pageId="15" pageNumber="278">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
:—The name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04A94D39FFAF427EFE7FF8A6FD7FDE08" box="[479,681,1844,1870]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="15" pageNumber="278" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubrifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFAF427EFE7FF8A6FD7FDE08" box="[479,681,1844,1870]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="278">Piper rubrifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is derived from the Latin
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFAF427EFC43F8A7FBE1DE08" box="[995,1079,1844,1870]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="278">rubrum</emphasis>
|
||
meaning red and
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFAF427EFAADF8A7FA96DE08" box="[1293,1344,1844,1870]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="278">folia</emphasis>
|
||
meaning leaves, referring to burgundy color underneath on young leaves.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C31636BAFFAF427EFF1DF8EFFDF0D144" blockId="15.[136,1452,1700,2050]" pageId="15" pageNumber="278">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFAF427EFF1DF8EFFE7ADED0" bold="true" box="[189,428,1916,1942]" pageId="15" pageNumber="278">Conservation status</emphasis>
|
||
:—
|
||
<materialsCitation id="73C13CE7FFAF427EFE6DF8EFFDF4D144" collectionCode="EOO, AOO" pageId="15" pageNumber="278" specimenCode="B1, B2" specimenCount="1">
|
||
This species is known from
|
||
<specimenCount id="D5AFFD33FFAF427EFCAFF8EFFC15DED0" box="[783,963,1916,1942]" pageId="15" pageNumber="278" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
representing two populations. Its habitat is threatened by deforestation and expansion of the agricultural frontier. The extent of occurrence (
|
||
<collectionCode id="A5B8AE7FFFAF427EFB1DF833FB2CDEFC" box="[1213,1274,1952,1978]" pageId="15" pageNumber="278">EOO</collectionCode>
|
||
) is
|
||
<quantity id="04519B5FFFAF427EFA82F833FAA1DEFC" box="[1314,1399,1952,1978]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9799999999999995" pageId="15" pageNumber="278" unit="km" value="398.0">398 km</quantity>
|
||
<superScript id="34DC9BF2FFAF427EFAD7F833FAA9DEE8" attach="left" box="[1399,1407,1952,1966]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="278">2</superScript>
|
||
and its area of occupancy (
|
||
<collectionCode id="A5B8AE7FFFAF427EFE24F857FE12DE98" box="[388,452,1988,2014]" pageId="15" pageNumber="278">AOO</collectionCode>
|
||
) is
|
||
<quantity id="04519B5FFFAF427EFE4DF857FDE2DE98" box="[493,564,1988,2014]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="278" unit="km" value="12.0">12 km</quantity>
|
||
<superScript id="34DC9BF2FFAF427EFD94F857FDEADE94" attach="left" box="[564,572,1988,2002]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="278">2</superScript>
|
||
, which, together with the continuing decline in quality of the habitat, suggests that it is Endangered [EN
|
||
<specimenCode id="930F9EC1FFAF427EFE0CF87BFE1CD144" box="[428,458,2024,2050]" collectionCode="B" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="15" pageNumber="278" type="Herbarium">B1</specimenCode>
|
||
a+
|
||
<specimenCode id="930F9EC1FFAF427EFE49F87BFDDAD144" box="[489,524,2024,2050]" collectionCode="B" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="15" pageNumber="278" type="Herbarium">B2</specimenCode>
|
||
a]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C31636BAFFB04261FF1DFF0EFD67D846" blockId="16.[136,1451,157,364]" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFB04261FF1DFF0EFE20D9F1" bold="true" box="[189,502,157,183]" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">Phylogenetic relationships</emphasis>
|
||
:—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04A94D39FFB04261FDB9FF0CFD08D9FE" box="[537,734,158,184]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="16" pageNumber="279" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubrifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFB04261FDB9FF0CFD08D9FE" box="[537,734,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">Piper rubrifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to the
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFB04261FC24FF0DFBF6D9FE" box="[900,1056,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">Macrostachys</emphasis>
|
||
clade (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A7384B4BFFB04261FBCEFF0DFA8ED9FE" author="Jaramillo, M. & Callejas-Posada, R. & Davidson, C. & Smith, J. F. & Stevens, A. & Tepe, E. & Editor, C. & Plunkett, G. M." box="[1134,1368,158,184]" pageId="16" pageNumber="279" pagination="647 - 660" refId="ref12414" refString="Jaramillo, M. A, Callejas-Posada, R., Davidson, C., Smith, J. F., Stevens, A. C, Tepe, E. J, Editor, C. & Plunkett, G. M. (2008) A phylogeny of the tropical Genus Piper using ITS and the chloroplast intron psbJ - petA. Systematic Botany 33: 647 - 660. https: // doi. org / 10.1600 / 036364408786500244" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Jaramillo
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFB04261FB7EFF0CFAC3D9FE" box="[1246,1301,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In our phylogeny this species forms a monophyletic group with taxa known to occur in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="016DF858FFB04261FBE2FF51FB0BD99A" box="[1090,1245,194,220]" country="Colombia" name="Choco" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">Chocó region</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFB04261FB49FF50FE9AD846" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">
|
||
i.e.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04A94D39FFB04261FABAFF50FA71D99A" authorityName="Trel. & Yunck MAJ" authorityYear="1950" box="[1306,1447,194,220]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="16" pageNumber="279" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spoliatum">P. spoliatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04A94D39FFB04261FF28FF74FE9AD846" authorityName="Trel. & Yunck MAJ" authorityYear="1950" box="[136,332,230,256]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="16" pageNumber="279" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sabaletasanum">P. sabaletasanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04A94D39FFB04261FE29FF74FDE4D846" box="[393,562,230,256]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="16" pageNumber="279" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cajambrense">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFB04261FE29FF74FDE4D846" box="[393,562,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">P. cajambrense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="5B922A3FFFB04261FDE1FF75FD76D846" box="[577,672,230,256]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1964,1986]" captionTargetBox="[151,1393,577,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-105@2.[151,1436,556,1936]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic relationships of the species Piper oteguanum, P. rubrifolium, P. laperdizense, P. calanyanum and P. morelianum based on Maximum Likelihood analysis of nrITS sequences. Names with taxonomic novelties are shown in bold. Names of clades follow Jaramillo et al. (2008), and Callejas-Posada (2020). Numbers above branches are ML bootstrap support values (>80)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8141858" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8141858/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8BB36531FFB04261FF1DFE9AFC70D8F2" pageId="16" pageNumber="279" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="C31636BAFFB04261FF1DFE9AFC39D82A" blockId="16.[136,1451,157,364]" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFB04261FF1DFE9AFEE8D865" bold="true" box="[189,318,265,291]" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">Comments</emphasis>
|
||
:—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04A94D39FFB04261FEC2FE98FDFED862" box="[354,552,266,292]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="16" pageNumber="279" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubrifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFB04261FEC2FE98FDFED862" box="[354,552,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">Piper rubrifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is red on the abaxial surface of immature leaves and mature petioles, the petioles and internodes are smooth without epidermal warty outgrowths, and the leaf base has short lobes which are the most important characteristics that separate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04A94D39FFB04261FD97FEC0FD2BD82A" box="[567,765,338,364]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="16" pageNumber="279" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubrifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFB04261FD97FEC0FD2BD82A" box="[567,765,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">Piper rubrifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from similar species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C31636BAFFB04261FF28FE09FC70D8F2" blockId="16.[136,934,410,436]" box="[136,934,410,436]" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">
|
||
Key to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04A94D39FFB04261FF7AFE08FE77D8F2" box="[218,417,410,436]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="16" pageNumber="279" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubrifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFB04261FF7AFE08FE77D8F2" box="[218,417,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">Piper rubrifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and related species in the
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFB04261FD68FE09FCB2D8F2" box="[712,868,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">Macrostachys</emphasis>
|
||
clade
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8BB36531FFB04261FF28FE4DFA7DDBC5" pageId="16" pageNumber="279" type="key">
|
||
<key id="B738618BFFB04261FF28FE4DFA7DDBC5" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">
|
||
<keyStep id="785D2E1FFFB04261FF28FE4DFA7DDB56" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">
|
||
<paragraph id="C31636BAFFB04261FF28FE4DFA7DD8B5" blockId="16.[136,1451,478,644]" box="[136,1451,478,500]" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">
|
||
<keyLead id="7858958FFFB04261FF28FE4DFA7DD8B5" box="[136,1451,478,500]" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">
|
||
1. Leaves bullate...........................................................................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04A94D39FFB04261FAA3FE4CFA7DD8B5" authorityName="Trel. & Yunck MAJ" authorityYear="1950" box="[1283,1451,478,500]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="16" pageNumber="279" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sabaletasanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFB04261FAA3FE4CFA7DD8B5" box="[1283,1451,478,500]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">P. sabaletasanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C31636BAFFB04261FF28FE6FFA7DDB56" blockId="16.[136,1451,478,644]" box="[136,1451,507,529]" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">
|
||
<keyLead id="7858958FFFB04261FF28FE6FFA7DDB56" box="[136,1451,507,529]" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFB04261FF28FE6FFF42DB57" box="[136,148,508,529]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">–</emphasis>
|
||
Leaves smooth....................................................................................................................................................................................2
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="785D2E1FFFB04261FF28FD8BFA7DDB0C" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">
|
||
<paragraph id="C31636BAFFB04261FF28FD8BFA7DDB6B" blockId="16.[136,1451,478,644]" box="[136,1451,536,558]" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">
|
||
<keyLead id="7858958FFFB04261FF28FD8BFA7DDB6B" box="[136,1451,536,558]" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">2. Petioles with epidermal warty outgrowths .........................................................................................................................................3</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C31636BAFFB04261FF28FDA6FA7DDB0C" blockId="16.[136,1451,478,644]" box="[136,1451,565,587]" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">
|
||
<keyLead id="7858958FFFB04261FF28FDA6FA7DDB0C" box="[136,1451,565,587]" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">
|
||
– Petioles smooth (without epidermal warty outgrowths)................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04A94D39FFB04261FA84FDA6FA7DDB0C" box="[1316,1451,565,586]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="16" pageNumber="279" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubrifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFB04261FA84FDA6FA7DDB0C" box="[1316,1451,565,586]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">P. rubrifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="785D2E1FFFB04261FF28FDC2FA7DDBC5" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">
|
||
<paragraph id="C31636BAFFB04261FF28FDC2FA7DDB20" blockId="16.[136,1451,478,644]" box="[136,1451,593,615]" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">
|
||
<keyLead id="7858958FFFB04261FF28FDC2FA7DDB20" box="[136,1451,593,615]" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">
|
||
3. Leaves oblanceolate, narrowed to the base ......................................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04A94D39FFB04261FA94FDC1FA7DDB20" authorityName="Trel. & Yunck MAJ" authorityYear="1950" box="[1332,1451,593,615]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="16" pageNumber="279" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spoliatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFB04261FA94FDC1FA7DDB20" box="[1332,1451,593,615]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">P. spoliatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C31636BAFFB04261FF28FDFCFA7DDBC5" blockId="16.[136,1451,478,644]" box="[136,1451,622,644]" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">
|
||
<keyLead id="7858958FFFB04261FF28FDFCFA7DDBC5" box="[136,1451,622,644]" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFB04261FF28FDFCFF42DBC2" box="[136,148,623,644]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">–</emphasis>
|
||
Leaves broad–elliptic, wide at the base.......................................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04A94D39FFB04261FAB9FDFCFA7DDBC5" box="[1305,1451,622,644]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="16" pageNumber="279" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cajambrense">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFB04261FAB9FDFCFA7DDBC5" box="[1305,1451,622,644]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">P. cajambrense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8BB36531FFB04261FF1DFD21FE75DA7F" pageId="16" pageNumber="279" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="C31636BAFFB04261FF1DFD21FE75DA7F" blockId="16.[136,1452,690,825]" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFB04261FF1DFD21FDE1DB8A" bold="true" box="[189,567,690,716]" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">Additional specimens examined</emphasis>
|
||
:—
|
||
<materialsCitation id="73C13CE7FFB04261FDF8FD20FAFEDBB7" collectingDate="2020-03-19" collectionCode="UMNG-H" collectorName="W. Trujillo & L. Sandoval" country="Colombia" elevation="2037" latitude="1.7488889" location="Florencia" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-75.74333" pageId="16" pageNumber="279" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Caqueta">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BBBE762AFFB04261FDF8FD20FD22DB8B" box="[600,756,691,717]" name="Colombia" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="016DF858FFB04261FD5EFD20FC8BDB8B" box="[766,861,691,717]" country="Colombia" name="Caqueta" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">Caquetá</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="C6766061FFB04261FCC8FD21FC03DB8A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4B0087ACFFAD4261FF28FA10FE75DA7F:C6766061FFB04261FCC8FD21FC03DB8A" box="[872,981,690,716]" country="Colombia" latitude="1.7488889" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-75.74333" name="Florencia" pageId="16" pageNumber="279" stateProvince="Caqueta">Florencia</location>
|
||
, trail to
|
||
<location id="C6766061FFB04261FB8FFD20FAFEDB8A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4B0087ACFFAD4261FF28FA10FE75DA7F:C6766061FFB04261FB8FFD20FAFEDB8A" box="[1071,1320,690,717]" country="Colombia" latitude="1.7488889" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-75.74333" name="Campo Hermoso Alto" pageId="16" pageNumber="279" stateProvince="Caqueta">Campo Hermoso Alto</location>
|
||
, 3rd tunnel,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A69D507DFFB04261FF28FD45FED3DBB7" box="[136,261,726,753]" degrees="1" direction="north" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="279" precision="15" seconds="56" value="1.7488889">1°44’56”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A69D507DFFB04261FEB2FD45FE74DBB7" box="[274,418,726,753]" degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="279" precision="15" seconds="36" value="-75.74333">75°44’36”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="04519B5FFFB04261FE0DFD44FDD3DBB7" box="[429,517,727,753]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.037" pageId="16" pageNumber="279" unit="m" value="2037.0">
|
||
<elevation id="4884D189FFB04261FE0DFD44FDD3DBB7" box="[429,517,727,753]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.037" pageId="16" pageNumber="279" unit="m" value="2037.0">2037 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="B717107AFFB04261FDB1FD44FD68DBB7" box="[529,702,726,753]" pageId="16" pageNumber="279" value="2020-03-19">
|
||
<collectingDate id="A753E992FFB04261FDB1FD44FD68DBB7" box="[529,702,726,753]" pageId="16" pageNumber="279" value="2020-03-19">19 March 2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
[sterile],
|
||
<collectorName id="6E5C536CFFB04261FC8BFD44FC74DBB6" box="[811,930,726,752]" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFB04261FC8BFD44FC95DBB6" box="[811,835,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">W</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFB04261FCE3FD44FC08DBB6" box="[835,990,726,753]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">
|
||
. Trujillo &
|
||
<collectorName id="6E5C536CFFB04261FC67FD44FB98DBB6" box="[967,1102,726,752]" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">
|
||
L.
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFB04261FC46FD45FB5BDBB7" box="[998,1165,726,753]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">Sandoval 4029</emphasis>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="A5B8AE7FFFB04261FB3DFD44FACADBB7" box="[1181,1308,727,753]" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">UMNG-H</collectionCode>
|
||
!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="73C13CE7FFB04261FA93FD44FE48DA7F" collectingDate="1998-07-09" collectionCode="HUAZ" collectorName="H. Mendoza & F. Quevedo" country="Colombia" elevation="2000" latitude="1.0697223" location="Sibundoy-Mocoa" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-76.74472" municipality="Mocoa" pageId="16" pageNumber="279" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Putumayo">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="016DF858FFB04261FA93FD44FA71DBB7" box="[1331,1447,727,753]" country="Colombia" name="Putumayo" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">Putumayo</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="2372ACC0FFB04261FF28FD68FF0FDA53" box="[136,217,763,789]" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">Mocoa</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, road
|
||
<location id="C6766061FFB04261FE80FD69FE34DA52" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4B0087ACFFAD4261FF28FA10FE75DA7F:C6766061FFB04261FE80FD69FE34DA52" box="[288,482,762,788]" country="Colombia" latitude="1.0697223" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-76.74472" municipality="Mocoa" name="Sibundoy-Mocoa" pageId="16" pageNumber="279" stateProvince="Putumayo">Sibundoy-Mocoa</location>
|
||
at
|
||
<location id="C6766061FFB04261FDA9FD69FD5EDA52" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4B0087ACFFAD4261FF28FA10FE75DA7F:C6766061FFB04261FDA9FD69FD5EDA52" box="[521,648,762,788]" country="Colombia" latitude="1.0697223" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-76.74472" municipality="Mocoa" name="El Mirador" pageId="16" pageNumber="279" stateProvince="Putumayo">El Mirador</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A69D507DFFB04261FD35FD68FCC7DA53" box="[661,785,763,789]" degrees="1" direction="north" minutes="04" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="279" precision="15" seconds="11" value="1.0697223">1°04’11”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A69D507DFFB04261FCBFFD69FC78DA52" box="[799,942,762,788]" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="279" precision="15" seconds="41" value="-76.74472">76°44’41”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="04519B5FFFB04261FC1BFD68FBC2DA53" box="[955,1044,763,789]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="279" unit="m" value="2000.0">
|
||
<elevation id="4884D189FFB04261FC1BFD68FBC2DA53" box="[955,1044,763,789]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="279" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="B717107AFFB04261FB82FD68FB7EDA53" box="[1058,1192,762,789]" pageId="16" pageNumber="279" value="1998-07-09">
|
||
<collectingDate id="A753E992FFB04261FB82FD68FB7EDA53" box="[1058,1192,762,789]" pageId="16" pageNumber="279" value="1998-07-09">9 July 1998</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
[fl],
|
||
<collectorName id="6E5C536CFFB04261FB45FD68FAA6DA52" box="[1253,1392,762,788]" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFB04261FB45FD68FB2BDA52" box="[1253,1277,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">H</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFB04261FB5CFD68FA7ADA52" box="[1276,1452,762,789]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">
|
||
. Mendoza &
|
||
<collectorName id="6E5C536CFFB04261FA37FD68FF3ADA7E" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">
|
||
F.
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DDEAA8FFB04261FF28FC8DFEFDDA7E" box="[136,299,798,824]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="279">Quevedo 6035</emphasis>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="A5B8AE7FFFB04261FE9AFC8CFE45DA7F" box="[314,403,799,825]" collectionName="HUAZ" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2v9m-7g3r" name="Universidad de la Amazonia" pageId="16" pageNumber="279" type="Herbarium">HUAZ</collectionCode>
|
||
!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |