231 lines
20 KiB
XML
231 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.414.7665" ID-GBIF-Dataset="007478ec-bdcf-4030-8153-f79598729aa6" ID-PMC="PMC4086049" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-414-1" ID-PubMed="25009415" ID-ZBK="8C6549A9B40D44478E3762224B9EAA17" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-414-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 414" ModsDocTitle="New light into the hormogastrid riddle: morphological and molecular description of Hormogaster joseantonioi sp. n. (Annelida, Clitellata, Hormogastridae)" checkinTime="1451245815612" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Fernandez Marchan, Daniel, Fernandez, Rosa, Novo, Marta & Diaz Cosin, Dario J." docDate="2014" docId="FBB9B5EFCA36AA4EEF02574DB28EDEA6" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 414: 1-17" docOrigin="ZooKeys 414" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.414.7665" docTitle="Hormogaster joseantonioi Fernandez Marchan, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="1B7B13C0-FA56-466E-9FFE-AB985EB582BA" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FFAD612DB509FFDC872DFA09FFB80F5B" masterDocTitle="New light into the hormogastrid riddle: morphological and molecular description of Hormogaster joseantonioi sp. n. (Annelida, Clitellata, Hormogastridae)" masterLastPageNumber="17" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1668158585170" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>New light into the hormogastrid riddle: morphological and molecular description of Hormogaster joseantonioi sp. n. (Annelida, Clitellata, Hormogastridae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fernandez Marchan, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fernandez, Rosa</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Novo, Marta</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Diaz Cosin, Dario J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>414</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>17</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.414.7665</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.414.7665</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-414-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">8C6549A9B40D44478E3762224B9EAA17</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">8C6549A9B40D44478E3762224B9EAA17</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152053414" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1B7B13C0-FA56-466E-9FFE-AB985EB582BA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FBB9B5EFCA36AA4EEF02574DB28EDEA6" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/1B7B13C0-FA56-466E-9FFE-AB985EB582BA" authority="Fernandez Marchan" class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster joseantonioi" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="joseantonioi">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">Hormogaster</pageBreakToken>
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joseantonioi
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Marchán">Marchan</normalizedToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="4" pageNumber="5">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Holotype. Adult (UCMLT 00003),
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="41.015465">41°0'55.68"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-0.98221666">0°58'55.98"W</geoCoordinate>
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, from a cleared holm-oak wood on the foothill of Oriche mountains, road A-2514 between Huesa del
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Común">Comun</normalizedToken>
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and Rudilla, Teruel (Spain), collectors D.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Marchán">Marchan</normalizedToken>
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and J.A.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Paratypes. Nine individuals (UCMLT 00001, 00002, 00004-00010), with the same collection data of the holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Other material examined. 16 hormogastrid species and several subspecies belonging to the UCMLT collection.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="morphological description">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Morphological description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">External morphology (Figure 2). *Measures taken on the two only complete specimens, one being the holotype.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Figure 2. (A) Live specimens of
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster joseantonioi" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="joseantonioi">Hormogaster joseantonioi</taxonomicName>
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sp.n. External morphology of a fixed specimen, shown in a picture (B) and diagram (C).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Length of mature specimens*: 178-180 mm.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Maximum diameter (pre-clitellar, clitellar, post-clitellar) of mature specimens: 8-10, 9-11, 7-10 mm.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Number of segments*: 305-369.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Weight (fixed specimens)*: 7.05-11.57 g.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Colour: From light brown to dark chocolate brown varying between individuals, with orangeish-brown clitellum of a lighter shade on living specimens (Figure 2a). Beige with brown stripes or patches, mainly on the anterior end, with darker clitellum on fixed specimens (Figure 2b).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Prostomium prolobic, longitudinal striation on segments 1 and 2.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Closely paired chaetae; interchaetal ratio at segment 40, aa: 33, ab: 1.3, bc: 6, cd: 1, dd: 27. Nephridial pores in a row between chaetae b and c (very close to b), visible on fixed specimens as a brownish line.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Spermathecal pores at intersegments 9/10 and 10/11 at the level of cd.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Male pores open over chaetae ab at the intersegment 15/16, surrounded by heart-shaped porophores which extend over most of segment 15 and at least half of 16. Female pores in segment 14 at the same level as male pores.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Clitellum saddle-shaped extending over segments (13) 14-28. Tubercula pubertatis on 1/n 22-27(1/n 28) as a continuous line. Papillae of chaetae ab in variable positions, usually between segments 12 and 28: papillae on 12 always showing an unusual degree of development in mature individuals, being very conspicuous both in live and fixed specimens (Figure 2a).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="internal anatomy">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Internal anatomy.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Funnel shaped, strongly thickened septa in 6/7, 7/8 and 8/9, septum 9/10 slightly thickened. The
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<normalizedToken originalValue="latter’s">latter's</normalizedToken>
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attachment to the dorsal body wall is displaced two segments backwards, creating a mismatch between inner and outer segmentation with an internally very wide segment 9.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Last pair of hearts in segment 11. Three shiny, strongly muscular gizzards in 6, 7 and 8. Not apparent
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Morren’s">Morren's</normalizedToken>
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glands, even though small wrinkles exist in the oesophageal wall between segments 10 and 16.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">A</pageBreakToken>
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posterior gizzard is not well differentiated. There is a slight dilatation of the oesophagus between 14 and 16, but it lacks the muscular wall and reinforcements of a true gizzard. First section of the intestine is not dilated.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Typhlosole begins around segments 20 and 21 with seven lamellae, which around segments 26-27 increase to nine. From there they decrease gradually in number until segments 80-105, where they fuse in a single lamella. The latter extends until segments 218-230, where the typhlosole ends.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fraying testes and iridescent seminal funnels in 10 and 11. Two pairs of voluminous, grainy seminal vesicles in 11 and 12. Ovaries and female funnels in 13, ovisacs in 14.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Two pairs of spermathecae in intersegments 9/10 and 10/11 (but apparently contained in segment 9 due to
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<normalizedToken originalValue="septum’s">septum's</normalizedToken>
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backward displacement), the posterior pair bigger. They are sessile and disc-shaped, with multiple inner chambers which open to the exterior through a common pore, in the intersegments 9/10 and 10/11. Some individuals show double spermathecae (each multicameral and with own pore), either in 9/10 or 10/11 (Figure 3a).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figure 3. A) Spermathecae in segments 9 and 10. Note the double spermathecae in segment 10 of this specimen. B) Nephridial bladder of segment 7.</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Anterior nephridial bladders U-shaped with very close branches and no apparent cecum (Figure 3b). Bladders gradually flatten towards the end of the body, taking the usual elongated shape.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Known only from its type locality.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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The specimens were collected at 10-20 cm deep in the soil in a cleared holm-oak wood, at the border between a dense forest of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus rotundifolia" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rotundifolia">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="start">Quercus</pageBreakToken>
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rotundifolia
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</taxonomicName>
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and a dryland farm. The soil had the following characteristics: 23.03% coarse sand, 8.06% fine sand, 5.33% coarse silt, 60.74% fine silt, and 2.84% clay, constituting a silty loam soil, carbon (C): 2.40%, nitrogen (N): 0.24%, C/N: 10.18, pH: 7.98. Mean annual temperature is 12.7 °C and mean annual precipitation is 447.2 mm, as indicated by the nearest weather station (in Herrera de Los Navarros, Zaragoza-23 km away http://www.aragon.es/DepartamentosOrganismosPublicos/Organismos/InstitutoAragonesEstadistica/AreasTematicas/14_Medio_Ambiente_Y_Energia/ci.05_Clima_Datos_climatologicos.detalleDepartamento?channelSelected=ea9fa856c66de310VgnVCM2000002f551bacRCRD#section1).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="8" start="start">Etymology</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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The species is named after Jose Antonio
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
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, father of the first author Daniel
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Marchán">Marchan</normalizedToken>
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and important contributor during the sampling campaign in which this species was discovered.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="molecular characters">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Molecular characters.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Analyses were conducted on sequences from loci COI (10 individuals), 16S (2 individuals), 28S (2 individuals) and H3 (2 individuals) of the new species, combined with similar sequences from other hormogastrid species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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The resulting Bayesian inference of the phylogenetic tree is shown in Figure 4. Its topology was congruent with that of the Maximum Likelihood inferred tree, except for the different placement of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Signiphoridae" genus="Xana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xana omodeoi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omodeoi">Xana omodeoi</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster joseantonioi" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="joseantonioi">Hormogaster joseantonioi</taxonomicName>
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sp.n. was recovered as a monophyletic clade, with the
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster elisae" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="elisae">Hormogaster elisae</taxonomicName>
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species complex as a sister clade.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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Figure 4. Bayesian inference of the phylogenetic tree on the concatenated sequence. Numbers above branches indicate posterior probability/bootstrap (of the Maximum Likelihood analysis) support values higher than 0.9/70 (shown as asterisks on terminal branches). Black rectangles show clades not recovered in both analyses (the alternative is shown with a dashed line). The cryptic species included in
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster elisae" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="elisae">Hormogaster elisae</taxonomicName>
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are numbered from 1 to 5 (following
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<bibRefCitation author="Novo, M" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="507 - 512" title="Cryptic speciation of hormogastrid earthworms revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear data." url="10.1016/j.ympev.2010.04.010" volume="56" year="2010">Novo et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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Uncorrected pairwise distances for the genes COI and 16S-tRNA for
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster joseantonioi" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="joseantonioi">Hormogaster joseantonioi</taxonomicName>
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and the species within the same clade (with
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster elisae" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="elisae">Hormogaster elisae</taxonomicName>
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divided into its five cryptic species) are shown in Table 2.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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Table 2. Uncorrected pairwise distances for the genes COI (below the diagonal) and 16S-tRNA (above the diagonal) for
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster joseantonioi" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="joseantonioi">Hormogaster joseantonioi</taxonomicName>
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and the species on the same clade. XAN -
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Signiphoridae" genus="Xana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xana omodeoi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omodeoi">Xana omodeoi</taxonomicName>
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, HPRE -
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster pretiosa" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pretiosa">Hormogaster pretiosa</taxonomicName>
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, HNAJ -
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hormogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hormogaster najaformis" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="najaformis">Hormogaster najaformis</taxonomicName>
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, HEM - two populations of
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Hormogastridae" genus="Hemigastrodrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hemigastrodrilus monicae" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="monicae">Hemigastrodrilus monicae</taxonomicName>
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. Intraspecific divergence for COI/16S is shown in the diagonal.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<table pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left">HJOS</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left">HE3</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left">HE1</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left">HE2</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left">HE5</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left">HE4</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left">XAN</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left">HPRE</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left">HNAJ</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left">HEM*</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left">HEM**</th>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">HJOS</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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||
</document> |