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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1196.118460" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1196-177" ID-Pensoft-UUID="14134BBB9A435A4088CCFC53DC50430B" ID-ZooBank="D10E0EA016D742B983D93871CBF06FE1" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1196-177" checkinTime="1711447963048" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Nastasi, Louis F., Buffington, Matthew L., Davis, Charles K. &amp; Deans, Andrew R." docDate="2024" docId="FB4B49D390DB52A4B6935E88504E1CEE" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1196: 177-207" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1196" docPubDate="2024-03-25" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1196.118460" docTitle="Synophromorpha Ashmead 1903" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="14134BBB9A435A4088CCFC53DC50430B" lastPageNumber="177" masterDocId="14134BBB9A435A4088CCFC53DC50430B" masterDocTitle="Key to the North American tribes and genera of herb, rose, bramble, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Cynipidae sensu lato)" masterLastPageNumber="207" masterPageNumber="177" pageNumber="177" updateTime="1711447963048" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title id="A8C521517B18F9A2BEAB0AC6D5009B11">Key to the North American tribes and genera of herb, rose, bramble, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Cynipidae sensu lato)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7E43DD5E358CFE100471468F08B3706F">Nastasi, Louis F.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C27F53ECC05EB04828907F867D5F556D" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7825-480X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="F2C80EEC8002FFA7D2579248AA9C3D89">Frost Entomological Museum, Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 Agricultural Science &amp; Industries Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="508E3EF4C6E3D4B9DAE041B8CD4E5D6D" type="email">lfnastasi@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="95F351497531835219882D40695A3E95">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="433E2A4B6769DCC40218A274986ABE0A">Buffington, Matthew L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E998D1E92CF33F00AA84ED393ED7CED9" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1900-3861</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="6A81313721410BE8299863BF04BB6E02">Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, c / o National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC 168, Washington, DC, 20013, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="CD956513787AA53426F4C7FB09232BBD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="ED5C008CDA53854CE98EE0728CACF3E2">Davis, Charles K.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="0213012C4F80CAF6B8DA70416CC91210" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6056-3903</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="B09E0E898A0DD00A47AC562591F4FF7E">Frost Entomological Museum, Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 Agricultural Science &amp; Industries Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F6EC59347EED6061B49337077726BFFD">Deans, Andrew R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="18C40159E126E347744261824C5D3D14" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2119-4663</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="AD324F212454122D2EFE5A7AA083E8F4">Frost Entomological Museum, Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 Agricultural Science &amp; Industries Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="3ADC62C8E9161633545D7FDB459325A9">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B46A1A1ADC209BC9162D5DEF27E3841E">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E351A05F1F98E68284F322E193BCA46D">2024-03-25</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E85DA8D002BE9A81B231315EC5F90121">1196</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="2CFAAC2FC89585D6B4D30A5BB4ABD53B">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1196.118460</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="CA3448DD687B7AB23DFC50C42EF829AC">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="08D79AFB4A749C9B0788C4E8578CD65A" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1196.118460</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="482BDB28A63F682A5E778C26895F4113" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1196-177</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="FB4B49D390DB52A4B6935E88504E1CEE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FB4B49D390DB52A4B6935E88504E1CEE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB4B49D390DB52A4B6935E88504E1CEE" lastPageNumber="177" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
<subSubSection id="BB4170F19EAE819FE7E48B5994D972C4" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="6380A29082F42C1881E678DA4B01AB8B" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
<taxonomicName id="27BB496F0BD615B159AD1EED2511D771" ID-CoL="7RCM" ID-ENA="244888" LSID="FB4B49D3-90DB-52A4-B693-5E88504E1CEE" authority="Ashmead, 1903" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1903" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synophromorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synophromorpha" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Synophromorpha Ashmead, 1903</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8DA3C5131E0E3AC3257D2E4D921F6852" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" type="type species">
<paragraph id="9D53160A6525A81EBD08381588C1C311" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="26FB095BFB9330528687FB4ACA52469F" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
<taxonomicName id="F17DCC8FA3BBB30282C71A4515409C51" class="Hexapoda" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synophrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synophrus sylvestris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
<emphasis id="5C54068F49CD8A44253BAE6DCDB854FF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synophrus sylvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Osten Sacken, 1861.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B12686EAF616CE023E03027B967A52B4" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="819EF58886337E646874982D8863C3FD" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EED0E522711AC76122320D159DADA95C" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Mesoscutum generally less coarsely sculptured, appearing mostly or entirely coriaceous, less pubescent, and with some strong setigenous punctures. Notauli complete, strong throughout. Fore wing with marginal cell open. Metasoma with syntergite in females but with all tergites free and articulating in males.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="236672455FB80DB5FBAE06B2E0453C93" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" type="notes">
<paragraph id="6D7DE64BE8D54070551572EBED1DFD08" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Note.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DAC206591774022BAAE5561433064D04" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
<taxonomicName id="BAD6361F21248580200E62D029A3CD81" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1903" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synophromorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synophromorpha" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7FB7554D83100EABB4AB03EC98FB9CC5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synophromorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is represented by four species in North America, all of which are inquilines of
<taxonomicName id="0A022C2C45F852956949FA34D22846CC" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Diastrophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diastrophus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B65B43623B26E889EDD5217D9E337921" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Diastrophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species associated with
<taxonomicName id="0E2BC02DB1780EDB2F13E1266B78B5FE" class="Dicotyledones" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rubus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16B4B89AF7B5C48CC4E67C35090F317F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Rubus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.
<bibRefCitation id="5446AF01363C7772EF7C05C4404FAD0F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent119215-3" author="Ritchie, AJ" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" pagination="215 - 230" refId="B22" refString="Ritchie, AJ, Shorthouse, JD, 1987. Revision of the genus Synophromorpya Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Canadian Entomologist 119 (3): 215 - 230, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent119215-3" title="Revision of the genus Synophromorpya Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent119215-3" volume="119" year="1987">Ritchie and Shorthouse (1987)</bibRefCitation>
described the species
<taxonomicName id="70CF8D9B7B0918E092313BD3D4EFEA07" lsidName="S. kaulbarsi" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="species" species="kaulbarsi">
<emphasis id="9C69DF966FA8E4A33C38E327DE80A82E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">S. kaulbarsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Shorthouse &amp; Ritchie, 1987 from a single specimen collected in Mexico; they speculated that this species was evidence of undiscovered Mexican
<taxonomicName id="0758450ED5C128F3ED336C16563E3645" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Diastrophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diastrophus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="04F2008B81F8F130AEE38EBCFE96E0C5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Diastrophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or represented the use of an alternative host such as an oak gall wasp.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F27F3A93A579645DBB110C9EFD0FFCBD" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" type="north american species (nastasi and deans 2021)">
<paragraph id="DC060B6E80BA091CF0E37C63CEE50D50" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">North American species (Nastasi and Deans 2021):</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CBD9708F52BE3D499646C11BFE9BAD3E" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
1.
<taxonomicName id="CDED7C54DB04EE538FA6294F2DA7BC24" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synophromorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synophromorpha kaulbarsi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaulbarsi">
<emphasis id="2F49B352E62E50E869740B09BCFA7DD7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synophromorpha kaulbarsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ritchie &amp; Shorthouse, 1987
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3D66F9DF0FEF21CBD8432C76E8929D60" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
2.
<taxonomicName id="D86FC9E0CE8C13F0B0A98DBC9D0F27FA" authorityName="Weld" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synophromorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synophromorpha rubi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubi">
<emphasis id="74C7F0AE1C59FC8BB844F21DE2908C37" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synophromorpha rubi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Weld, 1952
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A6F5FC5E315AEC7E74F15B776ABDA9EF" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
3.
<taxonomicName id="06F7E14AA9B5153E418066045595BD96" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synophromorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synophromorpha sylvestris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
<emphasis id="DAF0921DDE54ECC9AF944E0EBEF0038B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synophromorpha sylvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Osten Sacken, 1861)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="79F502783241EFDD0A0317C24F98BC28" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
4.
<taxonomicName id="E909CEDFF6B2B2E221FA967EA8E66318" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synophromorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synophromorpha terricola" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terricola">
<emphasis id="CA2FA48250782C63DAF07569E79D0DD1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Synophromorpha terricola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Weld, 1952
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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