283 lines
31 KiB
XML
283 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="5EBFAAE8FA48CCF1F6DC10B3D9978256" ID-CLB-Dataset="198845" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.574.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="350315c7-bca0-4eac-a4cb-379a6481a6b8" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7380966" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1669806870762" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Marcano, Vicente" docDate="2022" docId="6E2A87A9F43DFFC0C1FCFF5FFE9EE01B" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.574.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 574 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.574.3.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Dictyonema duidense V. Marcano 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="213" masterDocId="9213FFD1F430FFCEC174FFC1FF85E47B" masterDocTitle="Eight new species of lichenized Basidiomycota in the genera Acantholichen, Cyphellostereum and Dictyonema s. str. (Agaricales, Hygrophoraceae) from northern South America" masterLastPageNumber="225" masterPageNumber="199" pageNumber="212" updateTime="1699412310097" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="810B99A390CFF971638DDDFADF6C4EA8">
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<mods:title id="FC504528D334D8283C8F955E0F9AC47D">Eight new species of lichenized Basidiomycota in the genera Acantholichen, Cyphellostereum and Dictyonema s. str. (Agaricales, Hygrophoraceae) from northern South America</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="76E0D826F33F4DD5A9362DF4B454F320" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="2BC41C00BEFA2C37B96A41497E91CAD0">
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<mods:roleTerm id="52BA69A86659B5FC2549546ABC42EC15">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="5C1F39AB0FA49EFEA9AFCDA6A3675A2F">Marcano, Vicente</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="89C12395306897CAE87890B8D33D5702" type="ORCID">0000-0002-0068-6642</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="59848F9741255E6AC9B1972EC8018B07">Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva y de Organismos Extremos, Grupo de Ciencias Atmosféricas y el Espacio, Facultad de Ciencias & Biological Station “ Vicente Marcano ”, Kailasha Organization, Sierra Nevada National Park, Raiz de Agua Road, Mérida, Venezuela. vicente. marcano @ gmail. com, https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0068 - 6642</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="038852F1DDB6D58C8FD9ECAD17A6782D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="D3D89E9F338FDC11D6364B7E3D185CBD">
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<mods:title id="D654C03B9ABBFA30F891D16A788132C2">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="163F898C62BE141AAE5294617306D9FE">
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<mods:date id="CBD91A794CB8E8EE21A3197B5D09CE90">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="4915333746655C3A55B47D1E32450201" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="ECDCD45F2748561F14B9BDC767F7AC38">2022-11-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="9699C20FA6248CEDCFF4FC857ED4747F">574</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="9BC719BED121C1242D6C34C74EE676D2" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="9A2EA2AFE90AD566C536DB5A6F22E127">3</mods:number>
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<mods:location id="CA82DCAD088464FA905B54B80E4BA0A3">
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<mods:url id="1407D2AA8CF2CD4942E59FA77C6BDB25">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.574.3.1</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="488E86F369A91EB2F8F604C3DCA3A783">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="92E2BA86215BDD6B5E13354DC25589FF" type="CLB-Dataset">198845</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1EF98E478511D5BFFB9B9F3054F231DA" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.574.3.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4854FDDF9702BCE67A04185E7CF77133" type="GBIF-Dataset">350315c7-bca0-4eac-a4cb-379a6481a6b8</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C3B8174638DA92076ACA6BA74FD708EA" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BB8E81FFA37618F8847831D4480652D8" type="Zenodo-Dep">7380966</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="6E2A87A9F43DFFC0C1FCFF5FFE9EE01B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7386636" ID-GBIF-Taxon="205351364" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7386636" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6E2A87A9F43DFFC0C1FCFF5FFE9EE01B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E2A87A9F43DFFC0C1FCFF5FFE9EE01B" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="213" pageId="13" pageNumber="212">
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<subSubSection id="AE996534F43DFFC3C1FCFF5FFD7CE4C3" box="[136,761,158,185]" pageId="13" pageNumber="212" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E63C36BFF43DFFC3C1FCFF5FFD7CE4C3" blockId="13.[136,761,158,220]" box="[136,761,158,185]" pageId="13" pageNumber="212">
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4)
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<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43DFFC3C1D2FF5FFDB5E4C3" ID-CoL="B2X6J" authority="V. Marcano" authorityName="V. Marcano" authorityYear="2022" box="[166,560,158,185]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="13" pageNumber="212" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="duidense" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43DFFC3C1D2FF5FFDB5E4C3" bold="true" box="[166,560,158,185]" pageId="13" pageNumber="212">
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43DFFC3C1D2FF5FFE1AE4C2" bold="true" box="[166,415,158,185]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="212">Dictyonema duidense</emphasis>
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V. Marcano
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="CFC457D6F43DFFC3C34AFF5EFD13E4C2" box="[574,662,159,185]" pageId="13" pageNumber="212" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43DFFC3C34AFF5EFD0AE4C2" bold="true" box="[574,655,159,185]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="212">sp. nov</emphasis>
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.
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||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
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; (
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<figureCitation id="7EB82A3AF43DFFC3C3D9FF5FFD74E4C3" box="[685,753,158,184]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[136,229,1683,1705]" captionTargetBox="[410,1172,552,1642]" captionTargetId="figure-113@13.[398,1189,533,1657]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Dictyonema duidense. A. Habit of the species growing on bark. Photos by V. Marcano." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7380980" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7380980/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="212">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AE996534F43DFFC3C1FCFF07FEEBE4A0" box="[136,366,198,220]" pageId="13" pageNumber="212" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="E63C36BFF43DFFC3C1FCFF07FEEBE4A0" blockId="13.[136,761,158,220]" box="[136,366,198,220]" pageId="13" pageNumber="212">Mycobank MB#838342</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AE996534F43DFFC3C1FCFECBFD64E517" pageId="13" pageNumber="212" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="E63C36BFF43DFFC3C1FCFECBFD64E517" blockId="13.[136,1452,266,509]" pageId="13" pageNumber="212">
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Diagnosis:—
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43DFFC3C068FECAFD64E517" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="212">
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Sicut
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<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43DFFC3C011FECAFD24E55F" box="[357,673,266,292]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="13" pageNumber="212" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="subSpecies" species="barbatum" subSpecies="sed">Dictyonema barbatum sed</taxonomicName>
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hymenocarpis resupinatis, irregularis differt. Thallus corticola, byssaceus, crassus, pagina areolata, rugosa, hyphis non fibulatis. Hymenium N non reagens. Sporae guttaeformes, hyalinae, non septatae, 7–8 μm longae, 2–4 μm latae.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AE996534F43DFFC3C1C9FEB7FE2AE5A3" pageId="13" pageNumber="212" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="E63C36BFF43DFFC3C1C9FEB7FE2AE5A3" blockId="13.[136,1452,266,509]" pageId="13" pageNumber="212">
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<materialsCitation id="56EB3CE2F43DFFC3C1C9FEB7FE2EE5A3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3979525303" collectingDate="1996-03" collectionCode="MER" collectorName="L. Galiz & V. Marcano" country="Venezuela" elevation="2100" location="Cerro Duida" municipality="Alto Orinoco" pageId="13" pageNumber="212" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amazonas" typeStatus="holotype">
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Type:—
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<collectingCountry id="9E94762FF43DFFC3C063FEB7FE46E5EB" box="[279,451,374,400]" name="Venezuela" pageId="13" pageNumber="212">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion id="2447F85DF43DFFC3C0BEFEB7FDC0E5EB" box="[458,581,374,400]" country="Venezuela" name="Amazonas" pageId="13" pageNumber="212">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
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:
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<collectingMunicipality id="0658ACC5F43DFFC3C339FEB7FD66E5EB" box="[589,739,374,400]" pageId="13" pageNumber="212">Alto Orinoco</collectingMunicipality>
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, summit northern
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<location id="E35C6064F43DFFC3C2DFFEB7FBBDE5EB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6E2A87A9F43DFFC0C1FCFF5FFE9EE01B:E35C6064F43DFFC3C2DFFEB7FBBDE5EB" box="[939,1080,374,400]" country="Venezuela" municipality="Alto Orinoco" name="Cerro Duida" pageId="13" pageNumber="212" stateProvince="Amazonas">Cerro Duida</location>
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, growing on tree trunks at margin of small tepuian forests, elev.
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<quantity id="217B9B5AF43DFFC3C091FE5BFDBAE5CE" box="[485,575,410,437]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="13" pageNumber="212" unit="m" value="2100.0">
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<elevation id="6DAED18CF43DFFC3C091FE5BFDBAE5CE" box="[485,575,410,437]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="13" pageNumber="212" unit="m" value="2100.0">2100 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<date id="923D107FF43DFFC3C33AFE5BFD59E5CF" box="[590,732,410,436]" pageId="13" pageNumber="212" value="1996-03">
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<collectingDate id="8279E997F43DFFC3C33AFE5BFD59E5CF" box="[590,732,410,436]" pageId="13" pageNumber="212" value="1996-03">March 1996</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43DFFC3C39EFE5AFBEFE5CE" box="[746,1130,410,437]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="212">
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<collectorName id="4B765369F43DFFC3C39EFE5AFC71E5CF" box="[746,1012,410,437]" pageId="13" pageNumber="212">L. Galiz & V. Marcano</collectorName>
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AMA-757
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</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus id="3938881DF43DFFC3C508FE5BFB65E5CF" box="[1148,1248,410,436]" pageId="13" pageNumber="212" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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<collectionCode id="8092AE7AF43DFFC3C59DFE5AFAACE5CE" box="[1257,1321,411,437]" pageId="13" pageNumber="212">MER</collectionCode>
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, isotype B, private herb. V. Marcano)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AE996534F43DFFC3C1C9FE23FB18E587" box="[189,1181,482,509]" pageId="13" pageNumber="212" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="E63C36BFF43DFFC3C1C9FE23FB18E587" blockId="13.[136,1452,266,509]" box="[189,1181,482,509]" pageId="13" pageNumber="212">
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Etymology:—The epithet refers to the locality where the
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<typeStatus id="3938881DF43DFFC3C234FE22FCF5E586" box="[832,880,483,509]" pageId="13" pageNumber="212">type</typeStatus>
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specimens were collected.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="B2FC6637F43DFFC3C1FCF952FBC0E2D3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7380980" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7380980" box="[136,1093,1683,1705]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7380980/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="212" startId="13.[136,229,1683,1705]" targetBox="[410,1172,552,1642]" targetPageId="13">
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<paragraph id="E63C36BFF43DFFC3C1FCF952FBC0E2D3" blockId="13.[136,1093,1683,1705]" box="[136,1093,1683,1705]" pageId="13" pageNumber="212">
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43DFFC3C1FCF952FF7BE2D3" bold="true" box="[136,254,1683,1705]" pageId="13" pageNumber="212">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43DFFC3C077F955FE57E2D3" box="[259,466,1683,1705]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="13" pageNumber="212" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="duidense">
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43DFFC3C077F955FE57E2D3" box="[259,466,1683,1705]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="212">Dictyonema duidense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. A. Habit of the species growing on bark. Photos by V. Marcano.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="AE996534F43DFFC0C1C9F916FCA4E516" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="213" pageId="13" pageNumber="212" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E63C36BFF43DFFC0C1C9F916FDC3E4A7" blockId="13.[136,1452,1751,2066]" lastBlockId="14.[136,1452,158,1121]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="213" pageId="13" pageNumber="212">
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Description:—
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43DFFC3C010F916FE3DE28A" box="[356,440,1751,1777]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="212">Thallus</emphasis>
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shelf-like, corticolous, byssaceous, filamentous, epiphytic on tree trunks, covering larger areas of the substrate with a thick crust, in irregular, confluent patches up to
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<quantity id="217B9B5AF43DFFC3C57AF93AFBD3E36D" box="[1038,1110,1787,1814]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="212" unit="cm" value="35.0">35 cm</quantity>
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across, composed of densely arranged, dark aeruginous fibrils with distinct interspaces resting on a thick, byssoid, irregularly interwoven medulla (hypothallus), visible as narrow,
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<quantity id="217B9B5AF43DFFC3C376F882FD09E325" box="[514,652,1859,1886]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="212" unit="mm" value="0.95" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1.1 mm</quantity>
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wide marginal zone, strongly contrasting with the aeruginous fibrils. Lobes projecting vertically from the substrate, semicircular, coated, dark blue-green, very broad,
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<quantity id="217B9B5AF43DFFC3C5AEF8A6FACBE3F9" box="[1242,1358,1895,1922]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="212" unit="cm" value="20.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="15.0">15–25 cm</quantity>
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; surface areolate, rugose, with entire, white margins,
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<quantity id="217B9B5AF43DFFC3C30DF84AFD65E3DD" box="[633,736,1931,1958]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="212" unit="cm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1–1.5 cm</quantity>
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wide, lacking photobiont filaments; photobiont layer composed of numerous cyanobacterial filaments wrapped in a closed hyphal sheath formed by jigsaw-puzzle-shaped cells; cyanobacterial filaments not branched, composed of 20–25 μm wide and 4–6 μm high, bluish green cells penetrated by tubular fungal hyphae (haustoria).
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43DFFC3C34FF836FC83EC6A" box="[571,774,2039,2065]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="212">Thallus in section</emphasis>
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3–6(–7) mm thick, not forming a distinct photobiont layer and medulla but instead composed of aeruginous fibrils connected at base (underside) to a pale brown, loosely woven hypothallus.
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43EFFC0C06DFF03FE75E4A7" box="[281,496,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">Clamp connections</emphasis>
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absent.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E63C36BFF43EFFC0C1C9FF27FCA4E516" blockId="14.[136,1452,158,1121]" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43EFFC0C1C9FF27FEDEE57B" box="[189,347,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">Hymenophore</emphasis>
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forming irregular, reticulated, resupinate patches dispersed on the underside, with entire margin, whitish, smooth surface; hymenophore composed of a paraplectenchymatous layer connected to loose medullary hyphae;
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43EFFC0C19DFEEFFED9E533" box="[233,348,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">hymenium</emphasis>
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composed of numerous, palisade-like
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43EFFC0C266FEEFFC01E533" box="[786,900,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">basidioles</emphasis>
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and scattered
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43EFFC0C55CFEEFFBFFE533" box="[1064,1146,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">basidia</emphasis>
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;
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43EFFC0C5FEFEEFFAA0E533" box="[1162,1317,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">basidiospores</emphasis>
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ellipsoid to narrowly drop-shaped, non-septate, hyaline, 7–8 × 2–4 μm.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AE996534F43EFFC0C1C9FEB7FD5EE5CF" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="E63C36BFF43EFFC0C1C9FEB7FD5EE5CF" blockId="14.[136,1452,158,1121]" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">Chemistry:—Thallus K–, C–, KC–, P–; medulla K–, C–, KC–, P–, N–, ER–; basidiocarp K–, C–, KC–, P–, N–, ER– (n = 6). No lichen compounds detected by TLC.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AE996534F43EFFC0C1C9FE7FFCD6E587" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="E63C36BFF43EFFC0C1C9FE7FFCD6E587" blockId="14.[136,1452,158,1121]" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">
|
||
Distribution and Ecology:—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43EFFC0C375FE7EFD73E5A3" box="[513,758,446,472]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="duidense">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43EFFC0C375FE7EFD73E5A3" box="[513,758,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">Dictyonema duidense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found growing as an epiphyte on tree bark in altotepuian forests at
|
||
<quantity id="217B9B5AF43EFFC0C181FE23FE16E586" box="[245,403,482,509]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" unit="m" value="1800.0" valueMax="2100.0" valueMin="1500.0">1500–2100 m</quantity>
|
||
. It is known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="3938881DF43EFFC0C3B6FE22FD77E586" box="[706,754,483,509]" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AE996534F43EFFC0C1C9FDC7FE9EE01B" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="E63C36BFF43EFFC0C1C9FDC7FD8BE683" blockId="14.[136,1452,158,1121]" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">
|
||
Remarks:—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43EFFC0C031FDC6FDBCE65B" box="[325,569,518,544]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="duidense">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43EFFC0C031FDC6FDBCE65B" box="[325,569,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">Dictyonema duidense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is another species in the complex formerly recognized as the single species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43EFFC0C1FCFDEAFDB8E63F" authority="(Parmasto 1978)" baseAuthorityName="Parmasto" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[136,573,554,580]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="sericeum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43EFFC0C1FCFDEAFEFFE63F" box="[136,378,555,580]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">Dictyonema sericeum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82124B4EF43EFFC0C0FCFDEBFDB1E63F" author="Parmasto, E." box="[392,564,554,580]" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" pagination="99 - 144" refId="ref19548" refString="Parmasto, E. (1978) The genus Dictyonema (' Thelephorolichenes'). Nova Hedwigia 29: 99 - 144." type="journal article" year="1978">Parmasto 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In their treatment of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43EFFC0C25FFDEAFC37E63F" box="[811,946,555,580]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43EFFC0C25FFDEAFC37E63F" box="[811,946,555,580]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">Dictyonema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CFC457D6F43EFFC0C2CCFDEAFC71E63E" box="[952,1012,555,581]" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43EFFC0C2CCFDEAFC6BE63F" box="[952,1006,555,580]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">s. str</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82124B4EF43EFFC0C576FDEBFB71E63F" author="Lucking, R. & Dal Forno, M. & Lawrey, J. D. & Bungartz, F. & Rojas, M. E. H. & Hernandez M. & J. E & Marcelli, M. P. & Moncada, B. & Morales, E. A. & Nelsen, M. P. & Paz, E. & Salcedo, L. & Spielmann, A. A. & Will-Wolf, S. & Yanez-Ayabaca, A." box="[1026,1268,554,580]" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref17382" refString="Lucking, R., Dal Forno, M., Lawrey, J. D., Bungartz, F., Rojas, M. E. H., Hernandez M., J. E., Marcelli, M. P., Moncada, B., Morales, E. A., Nelsen, M. P., Paz, E., Salcedo, L., Spielmann, A. A., WilK, K., Will-Wolf, S. & Yanez-Ayabaca, A. (2013 a) Ten new species of lichenized Basidiomycota in the genera Dictyonema and Cora (Agaricales: Hygrophoraceae), with a key to all accepted genera and species in the Dictyonema clade. Phytotaxa 139: 1 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 139.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Lücking
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43EFFC0C511FDEAFB18E63F" box="[1125,1181,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2013a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,b) indicated that the phenotype usually identified with the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43EFFC0C3E8FD8EFCA6E613" baseAuthorityName="Parmasto" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[668,803,591,616]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="sericeum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43EFFC0C3E8FD8EFCA6E613" box="[668,803,591,616]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">D. sericeum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a complex of several, phylogenetically distinct species, differing morphologically in the orientation and arrangement of the fibrils and in the morphology of the hymenophore. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82124B4EF43EFFC0C057FD57FDA5E6CB" author="Lucking, R. & Dal Forno, M. & Sikaroodi, M. & Gillevet, P. M. & Bungartz, F. & Moncada, B. & Yanez-Ayabaca, A. & Chaves, J. L. & Coca, L. F. & Lawrey, J. D." box="[291,544,662,688]" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" pagination="11091 - 11096" refId="ref17659" refString="Lucking, R., Dal Forno, M., Sikaroodi, M., Gillevet, P. M., Bungartz, F., Moncada, B., Yanez-Ayabaca, A., Chaves, J. L., Coca, L. F. & Lawrey, J. D. (2014 b) A single macrolichen constitutes hundreds of unrecognized species. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States 111: 11091 - 11096. https: // doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 1403517111" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Lücking
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43EFFC0C0FCFD56FE45E6CB" box="[392,448,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014b)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
the thallus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43EFFC0C3B6FD56FCCFE6CB" baseAuthorityName="Parmasto" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[706,842,663,688]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="sericeum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43EFFC0C3B6FD56FCCFE6CB" box="[706,842,663,688]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">D. sericeum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="3938881DF43EFFC0C225FD56FC04E6CA" box="[849,897,663,689]" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">type</typeStatus>
|
||
is much more compacted than any of the species collected in South America, indicating, along with the geographic range, that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43EFFC0C57EFD7AFB11E6AF" baseAuthorityName="Parmasto" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[1034,1172,699,724]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="sericeum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43EFFC0C57EFD7AFB11E6AF" box="[1034,1172,699,724]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">D. sericeum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CFC457D6F43EFFC0C5EAFD7AFB50E6AE" box="[1182,1237,699,725]" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43EFFC0C5EAFD7AFB48E6AF" box="[1182,1229,699,724]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">s.str</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is a distinct taxon possibly restricted to the Caribean.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E63C36BFF43EFFC0C1C9FCC2FCF2E78F" blockId="14.[136,1452,158,1121]" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43EFFC0C1C9FCC2FE34E767" box="[189,433,770,796]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="duidense">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43EFFC0C1C9FCC2FE34E767" box="[189,433,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">Dictyonema duidense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterized by a shelf-like filamentous thallus, with thick, very broad lobes, areolate, rugose surface and lacking clamp connections. It is very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43EFFC0C201FCE6FAF7E73B" authority="Dal Forno, Bungartz & Lucking" authorityName="Dal Forno, Bungartz & Lucking" box="[885,1394,806,833]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="barbatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43EFFC0C201FCE6FB81E73B" box="[885,1028,806,832]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">D. barbatum</emphasis>
|
||
Dal Forno, Bungartz & Lücking
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82124B4EF43EFFC0C4F5FCE7FEF6E71F" author="Dal Forno, M. & Bungartz, F. & Yanez-Ayabaca, A. & Lucking, R. & Lawrey, J. D." pageId="14" pageNumber="213" pagination="45 - 73" refId="ref15593" refString="Dal Forno, M., Bungartz, F., Yanez-Ayabaca, A., Lucking, R. & Lawrey, J. D. (2017) High levels of endemism among Galapagos basidiolichens. Fungal Diversity 85: 45 - 73. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 017 - 0380 - 6" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Dal Forno
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43EFFC0C1A6FC8AFE8FE71F" box="[210,266,842,868]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017: 62
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) from the Galápagos Islands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82124B4EF43EFFC0C3B7FC8BFCFDE71E" author="Dal Forno, M." box="[707,888,842,869]" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref15364" refString="Dal Forno, M. (2015) Evolution and Diversity of the basidiolichen clade Dictyonema (Agaricales: Hygrophoraceae). PhD Dissertation, pp. 1 - 294." type="book chapter" year="2015">Dal Forno 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82124B4EF43EFFC0C2F7FC8BFBF3E71F" author="Dal Forno, M. & Bungartz, F. & Yanez-Ayabaca, A. & Lucking, R. & Lawrey, J. D." box="[899,1142,842,869]" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" pagination="45 - 73" refId="ref15593" refString="Dal Forno, M., Bungartz, F., Yanez-Ayabaca, A., Lucking, R. & Lawrey, J. D. (2017) High levels of endemism among Galapagos basidiolichens. Fungal Diversity 85: 45 - 73. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 017 - 0380 - 6" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Dal Forno
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43EFFC0C28FFC8AFBB6E71F" box="[1019,1075,842,868]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Both species have a shelflike filamentous thallus and lack clamp connections on the hyphae but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43EFFC0C2EDFCAEFBA2E7F3" box="[921,1063,878,904]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="barbatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43EFFC0C2EDFCAEFBA2E7F3" box="[921,1063,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">D. barbatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished by the color of the prothallus (old specimens with a darkened hue, yellow to light brown) and the continuous hymenophore.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43EFFC0C450FC52FF69E7AB" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="duidense">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43EFFC0C450FC52FF69E7AB" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">Dictyonema duidense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43EFFC0C005FC76FCEDE7AB" authority="C. Agardh" authorityName="C. Agardh" box="[369,872,950,976]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="excentricum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43EFFC0C005FC76FD9AE7AB" box="[369,543,951,976]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">D. excentricum</emphasis>
|
||
C. Agardh (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82124B4EF43EFFC0C3C6FC77FCD9E7AB" author="Kunth, C. S." box="[690,860,950,976]" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" pagination="1 - 491" refId="ref16724" refString="Kunth, C. S. (1822) Synopsis plantarum, quas in itinere circa plagas Orbis Novi colleg. Humboldt et Bonpland. Paris, pp. 1 - 491." type="book chapter" year="1822">Kunth 1822: 1</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This latter is characterized by thick, horizontally arranged bundles of fibrils and is known only from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9E94762FF43EFFC0C3BEFC1BFCF1E78F" box="[714,884,986,1012]" name="French Guiana" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E63C36BFF43EFFC0C1C9FC3FFE9EE01B" blockId="14.[136,1452,158,1121]" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">
|
||
Additional specimens examined (
|
||
<typeStatus id="3938881DF43EFFC0C34DFC3FFD2FE063" box="[569,682,1022,1048]" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
):—
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2447F85DF43EFFC0C3A7FC3FFCCBE063" box="[723,846,1022,1048]" country="Venezuela" name="Amazonas" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||
: summit northern Cerro Duida, growing on tree bark in small tepuian forests, elev.
|
||
<quantity id="217B9B5AF43EFFC0C0A0FBE3FDAEE046" box="[468,555,1058,1085]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="923D107FF43EFFC0C343FBE3FD44E047" box="[567,705,1058,1084]" pageId="14" pageNumber="213" value="1996-03">March 1996</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43EFFC0C3B8FBE2FBF0E047" box="[716,1141,1058,1085]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="213">L. Galiz & V. Marcano AMA-539, 540</emphasis>
|
||
(TFAZ, VEN, private herb. V. Marcano).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |