867 lines
66 KiB
XML
867 lines
66 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5195221" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7304bf51-5acc-4cdf-bc2e-4f8e36fb6dc8" ID-GBIF-Taxon="121268834" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5195221" checkinTime="1467469675557" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shen, Huei-Ping, Chang, Chih-Han & Chih, Wen-Jay" docDate="2016" docId="0E1A9660B33F346FFECEFB21FEDFFD15" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.5029-30.1889-1910.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 50 (29 - 30)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1180721" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Amynthas quadriorbis Shen and Chang" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="F223EE18B33C3468FFA5FFF6FFE9FF9E" masterDocTitle="Four new earthworm species of the genus Amynthas (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) from southwestern Taiwan with re-description of Amynthas tungpuensis Tsai, Shen and Tsai, 1999" masterLastPageNumber="1910" masterPageNumber="1889" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1643499301145" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Four new earthworm species of the genus Amynthas (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) from southwestern Taiwan with re-description of Amynthas tungpuensis Tsai, Shen and Tsai, 1999</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Shen, Huei-Ping</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Chang, Chih-Han</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Chih, Wen-Jay</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2016-06-21</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>50</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number>29 - 30</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>1889</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>1910</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1180721</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2016.1180721</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">7304bf51-5acc-4cdf-bc2e-4f8e36fb6dc8</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">269053</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5195221" ID-GBIF-Taxon="121268834" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5195221" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E1A9660B33F346FFECEFB21FEDFFD15" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E1A9660B33F346FFECEFB21FEDFFD15" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
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||
<subSubSection box="[363,952,1239,1265]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[363,952,1239,1299]" box="[363,952,1239,1265]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<heading box="[363,952,1239,1265]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[363,846,1239,1265]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="3" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="quadriorbis">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[363,637,1239,1265]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Amynthas quadriorbis</emphasis>
|
||
Shen and Chang
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, sp. nov.
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="3" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[363,952,1239,1299]" box="[601,715,1274,1299]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<heading box="[601,715,1274,1299]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" reason="1">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[609,706,1274,1299]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1616,1639]" captionTargetBox="[179,1136,913,1582]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[178,1138,911,1585]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Amynthas quadriorbis sp. nov. Holotype (TESRI-O-H- 47) (voucher number: WH 3 P 1). (a) Ventral view of male pore region (gp, genital papilla; mp, male porophore). (b) Dorsal view of right spermathecae (amp, ampulla; dv, diverticulum). (c) Dorsal view of right prostate gland (pd, prostatic duct). Scale bar 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269055/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Figure
|
||
<number box="[692,706,1274,1299]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" value="2.0">2</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[160,1155,1353,1482]" box="[160,325,1353,1378]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[160,325,1353,1378]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" reason="0">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[160,325,1353,1378]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[160,216,1353,1378]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="3" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[160,1155,1353,1482]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[160,273,1388,1413]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[160,267,1388,1413]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Clitellate (
|
||
<quantity box="[403,495,1389,1413]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0699999999999998" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="107.0">107 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length, dissected) collected
|
||
<date box="[849,990,1389,1413]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" value="2007-07-17">
|
||
<number box="[849,876,1389,1413]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" value="17.0">17</number>
|
||
July
|
||
<number box="[935,990,1389,1413]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" value="2007.0">2007</number>
|
||
</date>
|
||
from roadside slope along Waihu Creek (elevation
|
||
<quantity box="[588,663,1423,1447]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="230.0">230 m</quantity>
|
||
) near the borders of Douliou and Linnei, Yunlin by C.H. Chang, T.J. Lin and Y.H. Lin (TESRI-O-H-
|
||
<number box="[781,804,1458,1482]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" value="47.0">47</number>
|
||
) (voucher number: WH
|
||
<number box="[1078,1089,1458,1482]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
P
|
||
<number box="[1105,1113,1458,1482]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[160,1156,1528,1587]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[160,272,1528,1553]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[160,266,1528,1553]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
One clitellate collected
|
||
<date box="[553,729,1529,1553]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" value="2007-08-15">
|
||
<number box="[553,580,1529,1553]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" value="15.0">15</number>
|
||
August
|
||
<number box="[674,729,1529,1553]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" value="2007.0">2007</number>
|
||
</date>
|
||
from
|
||
<typeStatus box="[797,847,1529,1553]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality by C.H. Chang, Y.H. Lin and Y.P. Li (TESRI-O-P-
|
||
<number box="[462,486,1563,1587]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" value="42.0">42</number>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[160,1156,1633,1727]" box="[160,276,1633,1658]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[160,276,1633,1658]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" reason="0">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[160,276,1633,1658]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[160,1156,1633,1727]" lastBlockId="4.[160,1157,1530,1727]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Medium earthworm; length (clitellates)
|
||
<quantity box="[624,779,1669,1693]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.135" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0699999999999998" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="113.5" valueMax="120.0" valueMin="107.0">
|
||
107
|
||
<emphasis box="[665,678,1669,1692]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">–</emphasis>
|
||
120 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
. Segments numbering
|
||
<number box="[1054,1152,1669,1693]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" value="116.0" valueMax="129.0" valueMin="103.0">
|
||
103
|
||
<emphasis box="[1095,1108,1669,1692]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">–</emphasis>
|
||
129
|
||
</number>
|
||
. Setae
|
||
<quantity box="[230,328,1703,1727]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6256" metricValueMax="1.7271999999999998" metricValueMin="1.524" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" unit="in" value="64.0" valueMax="68.0" valueMin="60.0">
|
||
60
|
||
<emphasis box="[258,271,1704,1727]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">–</emphasis>
|
||
68 in
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
VII,
|
||
<quantity box="[378,476,1703,1727]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8922999999999999" metricValueMax="1.9304" metricValueMin="1.8542" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" unit="in" value="74.5" valueMax="76.0" valueMin="73.0">
|
||
73
|
||
<emphasis box="[406,419,1704,1727]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">–</emphasis>
|
||
76 in
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
XX and
|
||
<number box="[575,643,1703,1727]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" value="16.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="15.0">
|
||
15
|
||
<emphasis box="[602,615,1704,1727]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">–</emphasis>
|
||
18
|
||
</number>
|
||
between male pores. Clitellum XIV
|
||
<emphasis box="[1044,1057,1704,1727]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">–</emphasis>
|
||
XVI. First dorsal pore in
|
||
<number box="[325,351,1530,1554]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" value="11.0">11</number>
|
||
/
|
||
<number box="[362,391,1530,1554]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" value="12.0">12</number>
|
||
. Spermathecal pores invisible or small, three pairs in
|
||
<number box="[995,1009,1530,1554]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" value="6.0">6</number>
|
||
/
|
||
<number box="[1018,1058,1530,1554]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" value="7.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="7.0">
|
||
7
|
||
<emphasis box="[1032,1045,1530,1553]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">–</emphasis>
|
||
8
|
||
</number>
|
||
/
|
||
<number box="[1068,1082,1530,1554]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" value="9.0">9</number>
|
||
,
|
||
<number pageId="4" pageNumber="4" value="0.295" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.29">
|
||
0.29
|
||
<emphasis box="[1142,1155,1530,1553]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.30
|
||
</number>
|
||
body circumference ventrally apart. Genital papillae absent in preclitellar region. Male pores
|
||
<number box="[292,339,1599,1623]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" value="0.24">0.24</number>
|
||
body circumference ventrally apart in XVIII, each on a round porophore surrounded by two to four circular or diamond-shaped shallow skin folds. Two large genital papillae medial to each male porophore: one immediately adjacent to intersegmental furrow of
|
||
<number box="[356,383,1703,1727]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" value="17.0">17</number>
|
||
/
|
||
<number box="[393,420,1703,1727]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" value="18.0">18</number>
|
||
and the other to
|
||
<number box="[618,646,1703,1727]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" value="18.0">18</number>
|
||
/
|
||
<number box="[655,683,1703,1727]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" value="19.0">19</number>
|
||
. Spermathecae small, three pairs in VII
|
||
<emphasis box="[1115,1128,1704,1727]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">–</emphasis>
|
||
IX.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269054/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" targetBox="[9,1133,147,1292]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[160,1156,1288,1459]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[160,252,1289,1312]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Neighbour-joining tree of representatives of
|
||
<emphasis box="[711,1155,1288,1311]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[711,924,1288,1311]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="mutabilitas">Amynthas mutabilitas</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[936,1155,1288,1311]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tungpuensis">Amynthas tungpuensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and the four new species based on the cytochrome
|
||
<emphasis box="[674,684,1318,1341]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">c</emphasis>
|
||
oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and Kimura
|
||
<emphasis box="[1089,1094,1318,1341]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">’</emphasis>
|
||
s twoparameter model and rooted using
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[548,803,1347,1370]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="polyglandularis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[548,803,1347,1370]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Amynthas polyglandularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Specimens from this study and sequences retrieved from GenBank are shown by their voucher numbers and GenBank accession numbers, respectively. Numbers around nodes are bootstrap values. For
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[887,1028,1406,1429]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tungpuensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[887,1028,1406,1429]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">A. tungpuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, numbers of spermathecae are in parentheses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[160,1155,142,236]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Seminal vesicles small, two pairs in XI and XII, occupying two-thirds of segmental compartment, each vesicle with a prominent, round or oval dorsal lobe. Prostate glands small in XVII
|
||
<emphasis box="[300,313,212,235]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">–</emphasis>
|
||
XVIII. Prostatic duct stout, C-shaped. Accessory glands absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[160,1157,301,846]" box="[160,294,301,326]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[160,294,301,326]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" reason="0">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[160,294,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[160,1157,301,846]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[160,405,336,361]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">External characters.</emphasis>
|
||
Total length (clitellates)
|
||
<quantity box="[727,888,337,361]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.135" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0699999999999998" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="113.5" valueMax="120.0" valueMin="107.0">
|
||
107
|
||
<emphasis box="[768,781,337,360]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">–</emphasis>
|
||
120 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
. Weight
|
||
<quantity box="[1009,1151,337,361]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.365" metricValueMax="1.54" metricValueMin="1.19" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" unit="g" value="1.365" valueMax="1.54" valueMin="1.19">
|
||
1.19
|
||
<emphasis box="[1056,1069,337,360]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">–</emphasis>
|
||
1.54 g
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
. Segments numbering
|
||
<number box="[412,510,371,395]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" value="116.0" valueMax="129.0" valueMin="103.0">
|
||
103
|
||
<emphasis box="[453,466,372,395]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">–</emphasis>
|
||
129
|
||
</number>
|
||
. Clitellum XIV
|
||
<emphasis box="[665,678,372,395]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">–</emphasis>
|
||
XVI, setae and dorsal pores absent, length
|
||
<quantity box="[160,319,406,430]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.12" metricValueMax="4.59" metricValueMin="3.65" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="4.12" valueMax="4.59" valueMin="3.65">
|
||
3.65
|
||
<emphasis box="[206,219,407,430]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">–</emphasis>
|
||
4.59 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
and width
|
||
<quantity box="[451,613,406,430]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.02" metricValueMax="4.21" metricValueMin="3.83" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="4.02" valueMax="4.21" valueMin="3.83">
|
||
3.83
|
||
<emphasis box="[498,511,407,430]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">–</emphasis>
|
||
4.21 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
. Prostomium epilobous. Setae minute, numbering
|
||
<quantity box="[203,300,441,465]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6256" metricValueMax="1.7271999999999998" metricValueMin="1.524" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" unit="in" value="64.0" valueMax="68.0" valueMin="60.0">
|
||
60
|
||
<emphasis box="[231,244,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">–</emphasis>
|
||
68 in
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
VII,
|
||
<quantity box="[348,445,441,465]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8922999999999999" metricValueMax="1.9304" metricValueMin="1.8542" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" unit="in" value="74.5" valueMax="76.0" valueMin="73.0">
|
||
73
|
||
<emphasis box="[375,388,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">–</emphasis>
|
||
76 in
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
XX and
|
||
<number box="[540,608,441,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" value="16.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="15.0">
|
||
15
|
||
<emphasis box="[568,581,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">–</emphasis>
|
||
18
|
||
</number>
|
||
between male pores in XVIII. First dorsal pore in
|
||
<number box="[160,186,475,499]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" value="11.0">11</number>
|
||
/
|
||
<number box="[196,225,475,499]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" value="12.0">12</number>
|
||
. Spermathecal pores invisible or small, three pairs in intersegmental furrows of
|
||
<number box="[1132,1146,475,499]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" value="6.0">6</number>
|
||
/
|
||
<number box="[160,200,510,534]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" value="7.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="7.0">
|
||
7
|
||
<emphasis box="[174,187,511,534]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">–</emphasis>
|
||
8
|
||
</number>
|
||
/
|
||
<number box="[210,224,510,534]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" value="9.0">9</number>
|
||
; distance between paired pores
|
||
<number box="[620,727,510,534]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" value="0.295" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.29">
|
||
0.29
|
||
<emphasis box="[666,679,511,534]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.30
|
||
</number>
|
||
body circumference ventrally apart. Genital papillae absent in the preclitellar region. Female pore single, mid-ventral in XIV. Male pores paired in XVIII, about
|
||
<number box="[557,604,579,603]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" value="0.24">0.24</number>
|
||
body circumference ventrally apart, each on a round porophore surrounded by two to four circular or diamond-shaped shallow skin folds. Two large genital papillae medial to each male porophore: one presetal and the other postsetal with the former immediately adjacent to intersegmental furrow of
|
||
<number box="[1091,1118,683,707]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" value="17.0">17</number>
|
||
/
|
||
<number box="[1128,1155,683,707]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" value="18.0">18</number>
|
||
and the latter to
|
||
<number box="[355,382,718,742]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" value="18.0">18</number>
|
||
/
|
||
<number box="[392,420,718,742]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" value="19.0">19</number>
|
||
, both confined in segment XVIII,
|
||
<quantity box="[800,959,718,742]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="0.525" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.45">
|
||
0.45
|
||
<emphasis box="[846,859,719,742]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.60 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
in diameter with depressed centre (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[371,465,753,777]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1616,1639]" captionTargetBox="[179,1136,913,1582]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[178,1138,911,1585]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Amynthas quadriorbis sp. nov. Holotype (TESRI-O-H- 47) (voucher number: WH 3 P 1). (a) Ventral view of male pore region (gp, genital papilla; mp, male porophore). (b) Dorsal view of right spermathecae (amp, ampulla; dv, diverticulum). (c) Dorsal view of right prostate gland (pd, prostatic duct). Scale bar 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269055/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Figure
|
||
<number box="[451,465,753,777]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" value="2.0">2</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
a).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[160,1157,301,846]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Preserved specimens brown on dorsum, brown to greyish brown on clitellum, and greyish on ventrum.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269055/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" targetBox="[179,1136,913,1582]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[160,1156,1615,1727]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[160,260,1616,1639]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[268,488,1615,1638]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="quadriorbis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[268,488,1615,1638]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[268,364,1615,1638]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Amynthas</taxonomicName>
|
||
quadriorbis
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[504,590,1616,1639]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Holotype (TESRI-O-H-47) (voucher number: WH3P1). (a) Ventral view of male pore region (gp, genital papilla; mp, male porophore). (b) Dorsal view of right spermathecae (amp, ampulla; dv, diverticulum). (c) Dorsal view of right prostate gland (pd, prostatic duct). Scale bar 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[160,1156,142,618]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[160,403,142,167]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Internal characters.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[419,482,143,167]" name="Spain" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Septa</collectingCountry>
|
||
<number box="[503,516,143,167]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" value="5.0">5</number>
|
||
/
|
||
<number box="[525,567,143,167]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" value="6.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="6.0">
|
||
6
|
||
<emphasis box="[539,552,144,167]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
|
||
7
|
||
</number>
|
||
/
|
||
<number box="[577,590,143,167]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" value="8.0">8</number>
|
||
thick,
|
||
<date box="[690,832,143,167]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" value="2014-10-11" valueMax="2014-10-13" valueMin="2014-10-11">
|
||
<number box="[690,718,143,167]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" value="10.0">10</number>
|
||
/
|
||
<number box="[729,795,143,167]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" value="12.0" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="11.0">
|
||
11
|
||
<emphasis box="[754,767,144,167]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
|
||
13
|
||
</number>
|
||
/
|
||
<number box="[804,832,143,167]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" value="14.0">14</number>
|
||
</date>
|
||
muscular,
|
||
<date box="[980,1054,143,167]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" value="2010-09-08">
|
||
<number box="[980,992,143,167]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" value="8.0">8</number>
|
||
/
|
||
<number box="[1002,1016,143,167]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" value="9.0">9</number>
|
||
/
|
||
<number box="[1026,1054,143,167]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" value="10.0">10</number>
|
||
</date>
|
||
absent. Nephridial tufts on anterior faces of
|
||
<number box="[595,608,178,202]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" value="5.0">5</number>
|
||
/
|
||
<number box="[618,632,178,202]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" value="6.0">6</number>
|
||
/
|
||
<number box="[642,656,178,202]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" value="7.0">7</number>
|
||
. Gizzard large in VIII
|
||
<emphasis box="[901,914,178,201]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
|
||
X. Intestine enlarged from XVI. Intestinal caeca paired in XXVII, extending anteriorly to XXII, each long, simple, stout, slightly bent. Oesophageal hearts in XI
|
||
<emphasis box="[673,686,248,271]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
|
||
XIII.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[160,1156,142,618]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Spermathecae small, three pairs in VII
|
||
<emphasis box="[617,630,282,305]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
|
||
IX (sexthecate) (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[810,903,282,306]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1616,1639]" captionTargetBox="[179,1136,913,1582]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[178,1138,911,1585]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Amynthas quadriorbis sp. nov. Holotype (TESRI-O-H- 47) (voucher number: WH 3 P 1). (a) Ventral view of male pore region (gp, genital papilla; mp, male porophore). (b) Dorsal view of right spermathecae (amp, ampulla; dv, diverticulum). (c) Dorsal view of right prostate gland (pd, prostatic duct). Scale bar 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269055/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Figure
|
||
<number box="[889,903,282,306]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" value="2.0">2</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
b). Each ampulla pearshaped or elongated oval-shaped,
|
||
<quantity box="[560,720,316,340]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.95" metricValueMax="10.3" metricValueMin="5.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="0.795" valueMax="1.03" valueMin="0.56">
|
||
0.56
|
||
<emphasis box="[607,620,317,340]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
|
||
1.03 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity box="[843,1003,316,340]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.4">
|
||
0.40
|
||
<emphasis box="[890,903,317,340]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.70 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
wide, with a slender or stout spermathecal stalk
|
||
<quantity box="[597,762,351,375]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6499999999999995" metricValueMax="5.8" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="0.46499999999999997" valueMax="0.58" valueMin="0.35">
|
||
0.35
|
||
<emphasis box="[644,657,352,375]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.58 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
in length. Diverticulum with an iridescent, oval-shaped seminal chamber of
|
||
<quantity box="[671,831,386,410]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="0.375" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.25">
|
||
0.25
|
||
<emphasis box="[717,730,386,409]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.50 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
long and a slender stalk of
|
||
<quantity box="[160,319,420,444]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="0.64" valueMax="0.68" valueMin="0.6">
|
||
0.60
|
||
<emphasis box="[206,219,421,444]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.68 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
in length. Accessory glands absent in the preclitellar region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[160,1156,142,618]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Holandry: testes small, oval, two pairs in ventrally joined sacs in X and XI. Seminal vesicles small, transversely elongated, two pairs in XI and XII, occupying two-thirds of segmental compartment, each vesicle with a prominent, round or oval dorsal lobe. Prostate glands small in XVII
|
||
<emphasis box="[506,519,560,583]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
|
||
XVIII, smooth, lobed, flower-like. Prostatic duct stout, C-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[282,375,594,618]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1616,1639]" captionTargetBox="[179,1136,913,1582]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[178,1138,911,1585]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Amynthas quadriorbis sp. nov. Holotype (TESRI-O-H- 47) (voucher number: WH 3 P 1). (a) Ventral view of male pore region (gp, genital papilla; mp, male porophore). (b) Dorsal view of right spermathecae (amp, ampulla; dv, diverticulum). (c) Dorsal view of right prostate gland (pd, prostatic duct). Scale bar 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269055/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Figure
|
||
<number box="[361,375,594,618]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" value="2.0">2</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
c). Accessory glands absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="6" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[160,822,662,722]" box="[160,319,662,687]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[160,319,662,687]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" reason="0">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[160,319,662,687]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<collectionCode box="[160,214,662,687]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">DNA</collectionCode>
|
||
barcode
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[160,822,662,722]" box="[160,822,698,722]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
|
||
GenBank accession number
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[482,596,698,722]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/KU232820" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
|
||
KU
|
||
<number box="[519,596,698,722]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" value="232820.0">232820</number>
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
(WH
|
||
<number box="[660,671,698,722]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
P
|
||
<number box="[687,695,698,722]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus box="[708,810,698,722]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[160,1145,766,826]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[160,1145,766,826]" box="[160,285,766,791]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[160,285,766,791]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" reason="0">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[160,285,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[160,1145,766,826]" box="[160,1145,802,826]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
|
||
The name
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[282,405,802,826]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="quadriorbis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[282,405,802,826]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">quadriorbis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
refers to the four large genital papillae in the male pore region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[160,1156,870,1727]" box="[160,262,870,895]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[160,262,870,895]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" reason="0">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[160,262,870,895]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[160,1156,870,1727]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[160,404,906,930]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="quadriorbis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[160,404,906,930]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Amynthas quadriorbis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[416,507,906,930]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is only known from its
|
||
<typeStatus box="[797,847,906,930]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality in the foothills at elevations <
|
||
<quantity box="[307,379,941,965]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="250.0">250 m</quantity>
|
||
near Douliou, Yunlin, southwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[798,880,941,965]" name="Taiwan" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tsai C-F & Shen H-P & Tsai S-C." journalOrPublisher="Endem Species Res" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 18" part="6" refString="Tsai C-F, Shen H-P, Tsai S-C. 2004. Endemicity and altitudinal stratification in distribution of Megascolecid earthworms in the centro-western Taiwan. Endem Species Res. 6: 1 - 18." title="Endemicity and altitudinal stratification in distribution of Megascolecid earthworms in the centro-western Taiwan" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Tsai et al. (
|
||
<number box="[167,222,975,999]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" value="2004.0">2004</number>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the number of native earthworm species decreased while the number of exotic species increased with decreasing elevation, and this species shift is primarily attributable to habitat replacement due to human disturbance. Nowadays only seven native species,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Michaelsen, 1922" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1922" box="[255,692,1079,1103]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="formosae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[255,474,1079,1103]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Metaphire formosae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Michaelsen W." box="[490,684,1079,1103]" journalOrPublisher="Capita Zool" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 68" part="1" refString="Michaelsen W. 1922. Oligochaten aus dem Rijks Museum van Natuurlijke Historie zu Leiden. Capita Zool. 1: 1 - 68." title="Oligochaten aus dem Rijks Museum van Natuurlijke Historie zu Leiden" type="journal article" year="1922">
|
||
Michaelsen,
|
||
<number box="[629,684,1079,1103]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" value="1922.0">1922</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Tsai 1964" authorityName="Tsai" authorityYear="1964" box="[705,1033,1079,1103]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="swanus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[705,903,1079,1103]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Amynthas swanus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tsai C-F." box="[918,1025,1079,1103]" journalOrPublisher="Quart J Taiwan Mus" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 35" part="17" refString="Tsai C-F. 1964. On some earthworms belonging to the genus Pheretima Kinberg collected from Taipei area in North Taiwan. Quart J Taiwan Mus. 17: 1 - 35." title="On some earthworms belonging to the genus Pheretima Kinberg collected from Taipei area in North Taiwan" type="journal article" year="1964">
|
||
Tsai
|
||
<number box="[970,1025,1079,1103]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" value="1964.0">1964</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Tsai, Shen and Tsai, 1999" authorityName="Tsai, Shen and Tsai" authorityYear="1999" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="binoculatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Amynthas binoculatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tsai C-F & Shen H-P & Tsai S-C." box="[296,588,1114,1138]" journalOrPublisher="J National Taiwan Mus" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="33 - 46" part="52" refString="Tsai C-F, Shen H-P, Tsai S-C. 1999. On some new species of the pheretimoid earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from Taiwan. J National Taiwan Mus. 52: 33 - 46." title="On some new species of the pheretimoid earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from Taiwan" type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Tsai, Shen and Tsai,
|
||
<number box="[533,588,1114,1138]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" value="1999.0">1999</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Tsai, Shen and Tsai, 1999" authorityName="Tsai, Shen and Tsai" authorityYear="1999" box="[603,1150,1114,1138]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sexpectatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[603,849,1114,1138]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Amynthas sexpectatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tsai C-F & Shen H-P & Tsai S-C." box="[858,1150,1114,1138]" journalOrPublisher="J National Taiwan Mus" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="33 - 46" part="52" refString="Tsai C-F, Shen H-P, Tsai S-C. 1999. On some new species of the pheretimoid earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from Taiwan. J National Taiwan Mus. 52: 33 - 46." title="On some new species of the pheretimoid earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from Taiwan" type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Tsai, Shen and Tsai,
|
||
<number box="[1095,1150,1114,1138]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" value="1999.0">1999</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Tsai, Shen and Tsai, 1999" authorityName="Tsai, Shen and Tsai" authorityYear="1999" box="[160,708,1148,1173]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tungpuensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[160,410,1148,1172]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Amynthas tungpuensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tsai C-F & Shen H-P & Tsai S-C." box="[419,708,1149,1173]" journalOrPublisher="J National Taiwan Mus" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="33 - 46" part="52" refString="Tsai C-F, Shen H-P, Tsai S-C. 1999. On some new species of the pheretimoid earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from Taiwan. J National Taiwan Mus. 52: 33 - 46." title="On some new species of the pheretimoid earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from Taiwan" type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Tsai, Shen and Tsai,
|
||
<number box="[653,708,1149,1173]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" value="1999.0">1999</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Tsai, Tsai and Liaw, 2000" authorityName="Tsai, Tsai and Liaw" authorityYear="2000" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bununa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[722,926,1148,1172]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Metaphire bununa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tsai C-F & Tsai S-C & Liaw G-J." journalOrPublisher="J Nat Hist" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="1731 - 1741" part="34" refString="Tsai C-F, Tsai S-C, Liaw G-J. 2000. Two new species of protandric pheretimoid earthworms belonging to the genus Metaphire (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) from Taiwan. J Nat Hist. 34: 1731 - 1741." title="Two new species of protandric pheretimoid earthworms belonging to the genus Metaphire (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) from Taiwan" type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Tsai, Tsai and Liaw,
|
||
<number box="[160,215,1183,1207]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" value="2000.0">2000</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Shen, Tsai and Tsai, 2003" authorityName="Shen, Tsai and Tsai" authorityYear="2003" box="[283,841,1183,1207]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="penpuensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[283,526,1183,1207]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Amynthas penpuensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Shen H-P & Tsai C-F & Tsai S-C." box="[539,841,1183,1207]" journalOrPublisher="Zool Stud" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="479 - 490" part="42" refString="Shen H-P, Tsai C-F, Tsai S-C. 2003. Six new earthworms of the genus Amynthas (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from central Taiwan. Zool Stud. 42: 479 - 490." title="Six new earthworms of the genus Amynthas (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from central Taiwan" type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Shen, Tsai and Tsai,
|
||
<number box="[786,841,1183,1207]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" value="2003.0">2003</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, were found at elevations below
|
||
<quantity box="[242,318,1218,1242]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
|
||
in centro-western
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[547,627,1218,1242]" name="Taiwan" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[702,817,1218,1241]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="swanus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[702,817,1218,1241]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">A. swanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
being the rarest (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tsai C-F & Shen H-P & Tsai S-C." journalOrPublisher="Endem Species Res" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 18" part="6" refString="Tsai C-F, Shen H-P, Tsai S-C. 2004. Endemicity and altitudinal stratification in distribution of Megascolecid earthworms in the centro-western Taiwan. Endem Species Res. 6: 1 - 18." title="Endemicity and altitudinal stratification in distribution of Megascolecid earthworms in the centro-western Taiwan" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Tsai et al.
|
||
<number box="[160,215,1253,1277]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" value="2004.0">2004</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and unpublished data, H.-P. Shen). The fact that
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[817,974,1252,1276]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="quadriorbis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[817,974,1252,1276]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">A. quadriorbis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has only been found in one location throughout the extensive surveys conducted in the region in the last decade suggests that
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[505,657,1322,1346]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="quadriorbis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[505,657,1322,1346]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">A. quadriorbis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also rare. With their habitat subjected to intensive agricultural activities, both
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[578,688,1357,1380]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="swanus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[578,688,1357,1380]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">A. swanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[747,899,1356,1380]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="quadriorbis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[747,899,1356,1380]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">A. quadriorbis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be considered as an endangered species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[160,1156,870,1727]" lastBlockId="7.[160,1156,142,651]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[192,431,1426,1450]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="quadriorbis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[192,431,1426,1450]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Amynthas quadriorbis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has three pairs of spermathecal pores in intersegmental furrows of
|
||
<number box="[194,208,1461,1485]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" value="6.0">6</number>
|
||
/
|
||
<number box="[216,256,1461,1485]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" value="7.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="7.0">
|
||
7
|
||
<emphasis box="[230,243,1461,1484]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
|
||
8
|
||
</number>
|
||
/
|
||
<number box="[266,280,1461,1485]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" value="9.0">9</number>
|
||
, and so belongs to the holandric, sexthecate
|
||
<emphasis box="[823,905,1460,1484]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">sieboldi</emphasis>
|
||
species-group of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Sims and Easton 1972" authorityName="Sims and Easton" authorityYear="1972" box="[236,614,1495,1519]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[236,345,1495,1519]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Amynthas</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sims RW & Easton EG." box="[359,606,1495,1519]" journalOrPublisher="Biol J Linn Soc" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="169 - 268" part="4" refString="Sims RW, Easton EG. 1972. A numerical revision of the earthworm genus Pheretima auct. (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) with the recognition of new genera and an appendix on the earthworms collected by the Royal Society North Borneo Expedition. Biol J Linn Soc. 4: 169 - 268." title="A numerical revision of the earthworm genus Pheretima auct. (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) with the recognition of new genera and an appendix on the earthworms collected by the Royal Society North Borneo Expedition" type="journal article" year="1972">
|
||
Sims and Easton
|
||
<number box="[551,606,1495,1519]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" value="1972.0">1972</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Among the members of the
|
||
<emphasis box="[947,1029,1495,1519]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">sieboldi</emphasis>
|
||
-group, the peregrine
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Michaelsen, 1895" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1895" box="[280,736,1530,1554]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hupeiensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[280,513,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Amynthas hupeiensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Michaelsen W." box="[531,728,1530,1554]" journalOrPublisher="Abh Geb Naturwiss" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 37" part="13" refString="Michaelsen W. 1895. Zur Kenntnis der Oligochaeten. Abh Geb Naturwiss. 13: 1 - 37." title="Zur Kenntnis der Oligochaeten" type="journal article" year="1895">
|
||
Michaelsen,
|
||
<number box="[673,728,1530,1554]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" value="1895.0">1895</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[811,875,1530,1554]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Goto and Hatai, 1898" authorityName="Goto and Hatai" authorityYear="1898" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="obscurus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[939,1155,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Amynthas obscurus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Goto S & Hatai S." box="[167,409,1565,1589]" journalOrPublisher="Annot Zool Jpn" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="65 - 78" part="2" refString="Goto S, Hatai S. 1898. New or imperfectly known species of earthworms. No. 1. Annot Zool Jpn. 2: 65 - 78." title="New or imperfectly known species of earthworms. No. 1" type="journal article" year="1898">
|
||
Goto and Hatai,
|
||
<number box="[354,409,1565,1589]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" value="1898.0">1898</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[486,552,1565,1589]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
have a genital papilla arrangement in the male pore area similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[334,488,1599,1623]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="quadriorbis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[334,488,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">A. quadriorbis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[619,763,1599,1623]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hupeiensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[619,763,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">A. hupeiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has paired genital papillae in the intersegmental furrows of
|
||
<number box="[467,494,1634,1658]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" value="17.0">17</number>
|
||
/
|
||
<number box="[504,531,1634,1658]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" value="18.0">18</number>
|
||
and
|
||
<number box="[594,621,1634,1658]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" value="18.0">18</number>
|
||
/
|
||
<number box="[631,658,1634,1658]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" value="19.0">19</number>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chen Y." box="[676,799,1634,1658]" journalOrPublisher="Contrib Biol Lab Sci Soc China (Zool)" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="177 - 295" part="9" refString="Chen Y. 1933. A preliminary survey of the earthworms of the lower Yangtze Valley. Contrib Biol Lab Sci Soc China (Zool). 9: 177 - 295." title="A preliminary survey of the earthworms of the lower Yangtze Valley" type="journal article" year="1933">
|
||
Chen
|
||
<number box="[744,799,1634,1658]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" value="1933.0">1933</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tsai C-F." box="[815,923,1634,1658]" journalOrPublisher="Quart J Taiwan Mus" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 35" part="17" refString="Tsai C-F. 1964. On some earthworms belonging to the genus Pheretima Kinberg collected from Taipei area in North Taiwan. Quart J Taiwan Mus. 17: 1 - 35." title="On some earthworms belonging to the genus Pheretima Kinberg collected from Taipei area in North Taiwan" type="journal article" year="1964">
|
||
Tsai
|
||
<number box="[868,923,1634,1658]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" value="1964.0">1964</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), much higher setal number than
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[320,473,1668,1693]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="quadriorbis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[320,335,1669,1692]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[350,473,1668,1692]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">quadriorbis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<quantity box="[542,668,1669,1693]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8067" metricValueMax="3.0734" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" unit="in" value="110.5" valueMax="121.0" valueMin="100.0">
|
||
100
|
||
<emphasis box="[583,596,1669,1692]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
|
||
121 in
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
VIII and
|
||
<quantity box="[774,873,1669,1693]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1209" metricValueMax="2.2352" metricValueMin="2.0065999999999997" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" unit="in" value="83.5" valueMax="88.0" valueMin="79.0">
|
||
79
|
||
<emphasis box="[802,815,1669,1692]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
|
||
88 in
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
XX (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tsai C-F." box="[930,1038,1669,1693]" journalOrPublisher="Quart J Taiwan Mus" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 35" part="17" refString="Tsai C-F. 1964. On some earthworms belonging to the genus Pheretima Kinberg collected from Taipei area in North Taiwan. Quart J Taiwan Mus. 17: 1 - 35." title="On some earthworms belonging to the genus Pheretima Kinberg collected from Taipei area in North Taiwan" type="journal article" year="1964">
|
||
Tsai
|
||
<number box="[983,1038,1669,1693]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" value="1964.0">1964</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and very long diverticula (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chen Y." box="[352,474,1703,1727]" journalOrPublisher="Contrib Biol Lab Sci Soc China (Zool)" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="177 - 295" part="9" refString="Chen Y. 1933. A preliminary survey of the earthworms of the lower Yangtze Valley. Contrib Biol Lab Sci Soc China (Zool). 9: 177 - 295." title="A preliminary survey of the earthworms of the lower Yangtze Valley" type="journal article" year="1933">
|
||
Chen
|
||
<number box="[419,474,1703,1727]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" value="1933.0">1933</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tsai C-F." box="[488,594,1703,1727]" journalOrPublisher="Quart J Taiwan Mus" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 35" part="17" refString="Tsai C-F. 1964. On some earthworms belonging to the genus Pheretima Kinberg collected from Taipei area in North Taiwan. Quart J Taiwan Mus. 17: 1 - 35." title="On some earthworms belonging to the genus Pheretima Kinberg collected from Taipei area in North Taiwan" type="journal article" year="1964">
|
||
Tsai
|
||
<number box="[539,594,1703,1727]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" value="1964.0">1964</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[615,829,1703,1727]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="obscurus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[615,829,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Amynthas obscurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is smaller (
|
||
<quantity box="[958,1038,1703,1727]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="80.0">80 mm</quantity>
|
||
long with
|
||
<number box="[160,187,142,166]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" value="76.0">76</number>
|
||
segments), has an additional pair of papillae in postsetal XIX, and has much lower setal number with
|
||
<quantity box="[377,475,177,201]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.271" metricValueMax="9.652" metricValueMin="8.89" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="36.5" valueMax="38.0" valueMin="35.0">
|
||
35
|
||
<emphasis box="[404,417,177,200]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">–</emphasis>
|
||
38 in
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
the spermathecal segments (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Goto S & Hatai S." box="[814,1052,177,201]" journalOrPublisher="Annot Zool Jpn" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="65 - 78" part="2" refString="Goto S, Hatai S. 1898. New or imperfectly known species of earthworms. No. 1. Annot Zool Jpn. 2: 65 - 78." title="New or imperfectly known species of earthworms. No. 1" type="journal article" year="1898">
|
||
Goto and Hatai
|
||
<number box="[997,1052,177,201]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" value="1898.0">1898</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[160,1156,142,651]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">
|
||
The arrangement of genital papillae in the male pore area of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[918,1073,211,235]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="quadriorbis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[918,1073,211,235]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">A. quadriorbis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Rosa 1889" authorityName="Rosa" authorityYear="1889" box="[378,772,246,270]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="modiglianii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[378,623,246,270]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Amynthas modiglianii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rosa D." box="[643,765,246,270]" journalOrPublisher="Ann Mus Civ Stor Nat Genova Serie. 2" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="125 - 136" part="7" refString="Rosa D. 1889. I Lombrichi raccolti nell ' isola Nias dal Signor E. Modigliani. Ann Mus Civ Stor Nat Genova Serie. 2. a 7: 125 - 136." title="I Lombrichi raccolti nell ' isola Nias dal Signor E. Modigliani" type="journal article" year="1889">
|
||
Rosa
|
||
<number box="[710,765,246,270]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" value="1889.0">1889</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Nias,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[918,1028,246,270]" name="Indonesia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Goto and Hatai, 1898" authorityName="Goto and Hatai" authorityYear="1898" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="micronarius">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Amynthas micronarius</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Goto S & Hatai S." box="[304,548,281,305]" journalOrPublisher="Annot Zool Jpn" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="65 - 78" part="2" refString="Goto S, Hatai S. 1898. New or imperfectly known species of earthworms. No. 1. Annot Zool Jpn. 2: 65 - 78." title="New or imperfectly known species of earthworms. No. 1" type="journal article" year="1898">
|
||
Goto and Hatai,
|
||
<number box="[493,548,281,305]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" value="1898.0">1898</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[627,694,281,305]" name="Japan" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Quan and Zhong, 1989" authorityName="Quan and Zhong" authorityYear="1989" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tetrapapillatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[758,1034,281,305]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Amynthas tetrapapillatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Quan X-W & Zhong Y-H." journalOrPublisher="Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="273 - 277" part="14" refString="Quan X-W, Zhong Y-H. 1989. Two new species of terrestrial oligochaetes from Hainan Island (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica. 14: 273 - 277. [in Chinese with English abstract]." title="Two new species of terrestrial oligochaetes from Hainan Island (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae)" type="journal article" year="1989">
|
||
Quan and Zhong,
|
||
<number box="[249,304,316,340]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" value="1989.0">1989</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Hainan Island,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[548,615,316,340]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[628,869,315,339]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="modiglianii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[628,869,315,339]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Amynthas modiglianii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an octothecate earthworm with four pairs of spermathecal pores in intersegmental furrows of
|
||
<number box="[1016,1029,350,374]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" value="5.0">5</number>
|
||
/
|
||
<number box="[1039,1079,350,374]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" value="7.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.0">
|
||
6
|
||
<emphasis box="[1053,1066,351,374]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">–</emphasis>
|
||
8
|
||
</number>
|
||
/
|
||
<number box="[1088,1102,350,374]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" value="9.0">9</number>
|
||
and has coiled diverticula (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rosa D." box="[438,562,385,409]" journalOrPublisher="Ann Mus Civ Stor Nat Genova Serie. 2" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="125 - 136" part="7" refString="Rosa D. 1889. I Lombrichi raccolti nell ' isola Nias dal Signor E. Modigliani. Ann Mus Civ Stor Nat Genova Serie. 2. a 7: 125 - 136." title="I Lombrichi raccolti nell ' isola Nias dal Signor E. Modigliani" type="journal article" year="1889">
|
||
Rosa
|
||
<number box="[507,562,385,409]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" value="1889.0">1889</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Michaelsen W." box="[583,780,385,409]" journalOrPublisher="Arch Zool Exp Gen" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="493 - 546" part="76" refString="Michaelsen W. 1934. Oligochaten von Franzosisch-Indochina. Arch Zool Exp Gen. 76: 493 - 546." title="Oligochaten von Franzosisch-Indochina" type="journal article" year="1934">
|
||
Michaelsen
|
||
<number box="[725,780,385,409]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" value="1934.0">1934</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[809,1062,385,409]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="micronarius">
|
||
<emphasis box="[809,1062,385,409]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Amynthas micronarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also octothecate without diverticula or with minute diverticula, and has much lower setal number than
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[317,469,454,478]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="quadriorbis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[317,332,454,477]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[346,469,454,478]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">quadriorbis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<quantity box="[536,634,454,478]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.254999999999999" metricValueMax="9.906" metricValueMin="6.604" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="32.5" valueMax="39.0" valueMin="26.0">
|
||
26
|
||
<emphasis box="[563,576,455,478]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">–</emphasis>
|
||
39 in
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
VII and
|
||
<quantity box="[729,827,454,478]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0668000000000002" metricValueMax="1.2953999999999999" metricValueMin="0.8382000000000002" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="42.0" valueMax="51.0" valueMin="33.0">
|
||
33
|
||
<emphasis box="[757,770,455,478]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">–</emphasis>
|
||
51 in
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
XX (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ohfuchi S." box="[882,1034,454,478]" journalOrPublisher="Saito Ho-on Kai Mus Res Bull" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="31 - 136" part="12" refString="Ohfuchi S. 1937. On the species possessing four pairs of spermathecae in the genus Pheretima, together with the variability of some external and internal characteristics. Saito Ho-on Kai Mus Res Bull. 12: 31 - 136." title="On the species possessing four pairs of spermathecae in the genus Pheretima, together with the variability of some external and internal characteristics" type="journal article" year="1937">
|
||
Ohfuchi
|
||
<number box="[979,1034,454,478]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" value="1937.0">1937</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and welldeveloped prostate glands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Goto S & Hatai S." box="[475,708,489,513]" journalOrPublisher="Annot Zool Jpn" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="65 - 78" part="2" refString="Goto S, Hatai S. 1898. New or imperfectly known species of earthworms. No. 1. Annot Zool Jpn. 2: 65 - 78." title="New or imperfectly known species of earthworms. No. 1" type="journal article" year="1898">
|
||
Goto and Hatai
|
||
<number box="[653,708,489,513]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" value="1898.0">1898</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ohfuchi S." box="[721,872,489,513]" journalOrPublisher="Saito Ho-on Kai Mus Res Bull" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="31 - 136" part="12" refString="Ohfuchi S. 1937. On the species possessing four pairs of spermathecae in the genus Pheretima, together with the variability of some external and internal characteristics. Saito Ho-on Kai Mus Res Bull. 12: 31 - 136." title="On the species possessing four pairs of spermathecae in the genus Pheretima, together with the variability of some external and internal characteristics" type="journal article" year="1937">
|
||
Ohfuchi
|
||
<number box="[817,872,489,513]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" value="1937.0">1937</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). As for
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[964,1150,489,513]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tetrapapillatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[964,1150,489,513]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">A. tetrapapillatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it has paired genital papillae in the intersegmental furrows of
|
||
<number box="[862,889,524,548]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" value="17.0">17</number>
|
||
/
|
||
<number box="[899,926,524,548]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" value="18.0">18</number>
|
||
and
|
||
<number box="[984,1011,524,548]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" value="18.0">18</number>
|
||
/
|
||
<number box="[1021,1049,524,548]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" value="19.0">19</number>
|
||
, a pair of spermathecal pores on the dorsal side of the intersegmental furrow of
|
||
<number box="[987,1000,558,582]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" value="5.0">5</number>
|
||
/
|
||
<number box="[1010,1024,558,582]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" value="6.0">6</number>
|
||
, and much higher setal number than
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[457,609,593,617]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="quadriorbis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[457,472,593,616]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[486,609,593,617]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">quadriorbis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<quantity box="[674,785,593,617]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" metricValueMax="2.7178" metricValueMin="2.3622" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="100.0" valueMax="107.0" valueMin="93.0">
|
||
93
|
||
<emphasis box="[701,714,593,616]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">–</emphasis>
|
||
107 in
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
VII and
|
||
<quantity box="[879,990,593,617]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3876" metricValueMax="2.5907999999999998" metricValueMin="2.1844" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="94.0" valueMax="102.0" valueMin="86.0">
|
||
86
|
||
<emphasis box="[906,919,593,616]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">–</emphasis>
|
||
102 in
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
XX (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Quan X-W & Zhong Y-H." journalOrPublisher="Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="273 - 277" part="14" refString="Quan X-W, Zhong Y-H. 1989. Two new species of terrestrial oligochaetes from Hainan Island (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica. 14: 273 - 277. [in Chinese with English abstract]." title="Two new species of terrestrial oligochaetes from Hainan Island (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae)" type="journal article" year="1989">
|
||
Quan and Zhong
|
||
<number box="[243,298,627,651]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" value="1989.0">1989</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |