239 lines
26 KiB
XML
239 lines
26 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="25ED263CFDA5A12E20E772CAA9C964BA">The Middle Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from Khok Sung (Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand): biochronological and paleobiogeographical implications</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FDE9E089C302F038E0BF7B4D8C10B9A0">Suraprasit, Kantapon</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F65093A5BECC3EF13242929EB8006EDB">Jaeger, Jean-Jacques</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2C718690EFEA9D1BAE8636C677E74DD3">Chaimanee, Yaowalak</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5B7C72CB87C38B47FF8DBC4FC972B698">Chavasseau, Olivier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="223A1D22743A89AC8F1869AF45CE0254">Yamee, Chotima</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="09BC1B7212B31C07067A8FB4C2CBAACD">Tian, Pannipa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CD0D47778C14C26F1F681EEC2CFEB6D6">Panha, Somsak</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="61E75E9459C8673345CD3A101AE2EBD3">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5079D204A182CFF97EC8BE56E0B368E3">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="42604E9D73C1C1B28A9A456D98FA442B">613</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="107758DA6D1AB3C1F4C637FBED7DD428">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.613.8309</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="BE037644154C06BC694E83B0DB4D7B37">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="9744F2292F20DEF762A0F9A4C9A277BE" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.613.8309</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E595EAB997F07ACDD441CD6E1DD1FB7E" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-613-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="EE619B208E841F3AB28B38162FE94FAF" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127859868" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EE619B208E841F3AB28B38162FE94FAF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EE619B208E841F3AB28B38162FE94FAF" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<subSubSection id="975443C0588918C7404FEC094C30A86C" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="321B92EECAE542671AD032E9DBCBC22F" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Taxon classification Animalia Artiodactyla Cervidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E7D2D7B8773ED380F4F7192FE1BCDDF0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="664EECCE627B3AE9EAEC3226C1C910AC" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName id="8C13D2395B2A9A40B1C3A3DABC607EC5" ID-CoL="4TQSL" authority="Kerr, 1792" authorityName="Kerr" authorityYear="1792" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rusa unicolor" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unicolor">Rusa unicolor (Kerr, 1792)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CAED52ED2C4D243D6EA9100EA7D8ACA9" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="1654D1BA20E4281EA91C357A73EF62DC" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Referred material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="74826511518FE0582A1D1E699C44E8B8" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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Three right antlers-DMR-KS-05-03-20-11 (nearly complete specimen), DMR-KS-05-03-26-2 (fragment), and DMR-KS-05-03-28-23 (fragment); a right M1, DMR-KS-05-03-22-10; two left M2-DMR-KS-05-04-9-3 and DMR-KS-05-04-3-3;
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<pageBreakToken id="6591B8E1B994515B0D36C014968BCF0F" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" start="start">a</pageBreakToken>
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left M3, DMR-KS-05-03-31-1; two right mandibles-DMR-KS-05-03-31-2 (with m2) and DMR-KS-05-03-13 (with p4-m3); two left mandibles-DMR-KS-05-03-00-101 (with p3-m3) and DMR-KS-05-03-27-4 (with m3); a right m1, DMR-KS-05-03-00-5; a left fragmentary humerus, DMR-KS-05-03-15-43 (distal part); three right fragmentary radii-DMR-KS-05-03-25-9 (proximal part), DMR-KS-05-03-19-14 (proximal part), and DMR-KS-05-03-26-19 (distal part); a left metacarpus, DMR-KS-05-03-17-26; six fragmentary femora-DMR-KS-05-03-19-7 (right proximal part), DMR-KS-05-03-12-2 (right proximal part), DMR-KS-05-04-11-2 (right distal part), DMR-KS-05-03-26-5 (left proximal part), DMR-KS-05-04-30-9 (left distal part), and DMR-KS-05-04-19-10 (left distal part); a right tibia, DMR-KS-05-03-28-16; a right metatarsus, DMR-KS-05-03-19-11
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="F527F35048FE0BD5A9BA586248204D74" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="2B94975C3052352BB4D30488E73D0446" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<pageBreakToken id="541094B0BE91DC6547267759E50DA5B9" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" start="start">Material</pageBreakToken>
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description.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="850739B30E96A08CD30A244ABD922ACD" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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Antlers: DMR-KS-05-03-20-11 is a nearly complete antler, slightly broken at the middle part of the main beam (Fig. 23A). The fragmentary antler DMR-KS-05-03-26-2 comprises a burr, a broken brow tine, and a half of the main beam (Fig. 23B). The specimen DMR-KS-05-03-28-23 preserves the broken brow tine and main beam (Fig. 23C). The antler surface is rough. The shed antlers are morphologically characterized by three main tines, a long and slender main beam, a forked construction at the tip, and a well-developed burr (Fig. 23
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<normalizedToken id="1F7C46FFAD137C7E8ED2A5C9EABD2E8D" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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). On the apical bifurcation, the postero-internal tine is much shorter than the antero-external one. The main beam and brow tine are also much more robust, compared to the extant males of
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<taxonomicName id="177BFCC200C4ED7F58577428CA5C793D" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis porcinus" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porcinus">Axis porcinus</taxonomicName>
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(e.g., the specimen MNHN-ZMO-1904-60 and NMW-2546). The divergent angle between the main beam and brow tine ranges from 50° to 90°. The shed antlers of
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<taxonomicName id="FDEEB11DA39BA64C196E447391BD6007" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rusa unicolor" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unicolor">Rusa unicolor</taxonomicName>
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are different from those of
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<taxonomicName id="B68EC7404966FAB89EE280780552FEB0" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis axis" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="axis">Axis axis</taxonomicName>
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in having slightly rougher surfaces, more divergent insertion relative to the frontal orientation, a shorter main beam, and a smaller angle between the main beam and the brow tine, and in lacking small-ornamented tines or knobs on the brow tine (Fig. 23
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<normalizedToken id="00F63091DBECF4EC61B51A3360FD0BCB" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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). These characters match well the recent
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<taxonomicName id="53AED791C963E01520EF989092436698" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rusa unicolor" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unicolor">Rusa unicolor</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="B9112FAED19C20401113C356BFFE26F7" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<paragraph id="23117CD160F5846A14EBDAB57E141841" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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Figure 23. Remains of
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<taxonomicName id="08508D413FFE7F96FAB852CC0D2EE703" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rusa unicolor" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unicolor">Rusa unicolor</taxonomicName>
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from Khok Sung: A DMR-KS-05-03-20-11, a right antler in lateral view B DMR-KS-05-03-26-2, a right antler fragment in lateral view C DMR-KS-05-03-28-23, a right antler fragment in medial view D DMR-KS-05-04-9-3, a left M2 E DMR-KS-05-03-31-1, a left M3
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<normalizedToken id="DEF876DC2B09EDBBBD248273E7300FD7" originalValue="F–G">F-G</normalizedToken>
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DMR-KS-05-03-13, a right mandible in lateral (F) and occlusal (G) views
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<normalizedToken id="FC7564D3EE22FB96F64C345DD49DC567" originalValue="H–I">H-I</normalizedToken>
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DMR-KS-05-03-00-101, a left mandible in lateral (H) and occlusal (I) views J DMR-KS-05-03-00-5, a right m1 K DMR-KS-05-03-27-4, a left m3. All isolated teeth are shown in occlusal view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="F4D5EC6451227447811EC084B3FB6925" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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Upper dentition: upper molars are robust (Tab. 12) and show well-developed styles (particularly the mesostyle), anterior cingula, and entostyles (Fig. 23D, E). The entostyle is bifurcated, like in
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<taxonomicName id="C4ED7576AD9BA97FD25F157EA7401C3B" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Panolia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panolia eldii" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eldii">Panolia eldii</taxonomicName>
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, in relation to the moderately to strongly worn teeth. The fossettes are present at least in the middle stage of wear. The metaconule fold is poorly developed or sometimes absent. On the M3, the anterior lobe is wider than the posterior one (Fig. 23E).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="060E5095CCDAAEAE8DF6582DE078DB2B" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<pageBreakToken id="6EB8CE58E5C1C66474A8789F557E1BAD" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" start="start">Mandibles</pageBreakToken>
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and lower dentition: four mandibles are incomplete (for measurements, see Appendix 5). The specimens DMR-KS-05-03-13 (Fig. 23F, G) and DMR-KS-05-03-00-101 (Fig. 23H, I) preserve a partially broken mandibular body. The manidibles DMR-KS-05-03-31-2 and DMR-KS-05-03-27-4 are very fragmentary. All lower cheek teeth of
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<taxonomicName id="310CD7AF625FE4425BE8DB2777C08D53" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rusa unicolor" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unicolor">Rusa unicolor</taxonomicName>
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are obviously larger than those of other Khok Sung cervids (Tab. 12). Lower molars display cervid-like patterns, such as well developed styles, anterior cingulids, and ectostylids (Fig. 23J, K). On the m3, the posterior lobe of the talonid in
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<taxonomicName id="A3BE28F4CB2F0D097D39023128996F36" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rusa unicolor" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unicolor">Rusa unicolor</taxonomicName>
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is more developed than those in
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<taxonomicName id="08D207757F24FA2520E198945C34ED00" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Axis</taxonomicName>
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. Moreover, the posterior ectostylid is present (Fig. 23G, I, K), unlike in
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<taxonomicName id="FB2BE56A499DA6736443894430C62333" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Axis</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9FDDA9F381CC13F9E3286C3723359B26" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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Postcranial remains: postcranial elements include a humerus (Fig. 24
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<normalizedToken id="3EABBEA472AADA90A3590E4418B543F2" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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), radii (Fig. 24
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<normalizedToken id="176DBC29B2E3C698B72AD9D88C33BE47" originalValue="D–G">D-G</normalizedToken>
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), a metacarpus (Fig. 24
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<normalizedToken id="D581A97A3C4C296C319567BB0C142118" originalValue="H–J">H-J</normalizedToken>
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), femora (Fig. 24
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<normalizedToken id="081222C0C65FE2F9B145F8C97B5FA672" originalValue="K–N">K-N</normalizedToken>
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), a tibia (Fig. 24
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<normalizedToken id="E235203636A1B138742DCA1408BE8334" originalValue="O–Q">O-Q</normalizedToken>
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||
), and a metatarsus (Fig. 24
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<normalizedToken id="CB83475E0F0C7C759385D89654F41373" originalValue="R–T">R-T</normalizedToken>
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||
). All radii and femora are fragmentary. We assign these postcranial bones to
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<taxonomicName id="EA96ECCB0FAA587914B1AB4AA182F192" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rusa unicolor" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unicolor">Rusa unicolor</taxonomicName>
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according to the sized and proportional correlation with the extant specimens (Tab. 13 and Appendices 1 and 7-12).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="FFDD832F4EADD4624CFBB9FEC6CBA19C" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<paragraph id="A924012AE4BC705D658D5D2DCBC36373" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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Figure 24. Postcranial remains of
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<taxonomicName id="4729355F56BC4481681E087927359C66" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rusa unicolor" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unicolor">Rusa unicolor</taxonomicName>
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from Khok Sung:
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<normalizedToken id="B7C5BEECB53BEFA445FA64B61BD56DCA" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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DMR-KS-05-03-15-43, a left humerus in anterior (A), posterior (B), and distal (C) views
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<normalizedToken id="61004480CB6C8CCF7630ECD3BC04D8F9" originalValue="D–E">D-E</normalizedToken>
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DMR-KS-05-03-19-14, a right proximal radius in proximal (D) and anterior (E) views
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<normalizedToken id="12B9B4FEEFB9B928A61CA47428C6DB4D" originalValue="F–G">F-G</normalizedToken>
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DMR-KS-05-03-26-19, a right distal radius in anterior (F) and distal (G) views
|
||
<normalizedToken id="ABDCCE9B61DF42E66ED99B04A8E6A82C" originalValue="H–J">H-J</normalizedToken>
|
||
DMR-KS-05-03-17-26, a left metacarpus in proximal (H), anterior (I), and distal (J) views
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AE1BA961256141D6E803DFBE2550A69A" originalValue="K–L">K-L</normalizedToken>
|
||
DMR-KS-05-03-19-7, a right proximal femur in proximal (K) and anterior (L) views
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F611B8CC04312EDEF0CD1742A14E2241" originalValue="M–N">M-N</normalizedToken>
|
||
DMR-KS-05-04-30-9, a left distal femur in posterior (M) and distal (N) views
|
||
<normalizedToken id="087ABAA3E3BD07DD1C9EF0ED7B95A37C" originalValue="O–Q">O-Q</normalizedToken>
|
||
DMR-KS-05-03-28-16, a right tibia in proximal (O), anterior (P), and distal (Q) views
|
||
<normalizedToken id="61854803A9498515504FD0D7552E9351" originalValue="R–T">R-T</normalizedToken>
|
||
DMR-KS-05-03-19-11, a right metatarsus in proximal (R), anterior (S), and distal (T) views.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AAE7300619A442B44F1BECB73A48EA09" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="40703C4E38120841E65CA3280332C63C" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="D368194F8175A665C026ECE9C13B87CD" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" start="start">Taxonomic</pageBreakToken>
|
||
remarks and comparisons.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C982F5786566862F81EAB4F0174FDA8F" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
According to Leslie (2011), we regard here
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1A10DAF59525EB52032B1DC0A452EE08" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rusa" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rusa</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a separate genus within the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B74AF349403A78C005EB87CFFB4488F8" family="Cervidae" lsidName="" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="family">Cervidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Four species are currently recognized:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10FAAA9FFBC8E6D1042295D67DCBD60D" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rusa unicolor" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unicolor">Rusa unicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
(sambar),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="35E707F7A851DB8907A68467CE69AF1D" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rusa marianna" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marianna">Rusa marianna</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Philippine deer),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38189799883949D7E3913FAD3ACD753E" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rusa timorensis" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="timorensis">Rusa timorensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(rusa), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D5191FE285F8DA61C227E2ACB4B4DC8" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rusa alfredi" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alfredi">Rusa alfredi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Prince
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7331FD9C2A9CA4F45CF14390BB2C1058" originalValue="Alfred’s">Alfred's</normalizedToken>
|
||
deer).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3ECD50A00257522F6D5FFBFD481F4F87" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
Antlers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DBD8BBBE6851D22FFC1DD8DC2217AACF" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rusa unicolor" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unicolor">Rusa unicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
are characterized by its typical three tines and forked beams at the tip, similar in shape to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75A982A447A2AE1F534B0DEF8D718000" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis porcinus" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porcinus">Axis porcinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
but much more robust. The sambar deer shares a similar dental morphology with the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3FC77024E804136425311089F03919A5" originalValue="Eld’s">Eld's</normalizedToken>
|
||
deer. But it differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60B9FBFC5E2C20D6CF0C891292E4849E" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Panolia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panolia eldii" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eldii">Panolia eldii</taxonomicName>
|
||
as well as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CDC14B0F740CE21FE7F40B51F786BF0" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis axis" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="axis">Axis axis</taxonomicName>
|
||
in being larger-sized and in having more developed anterior cingulids on lower molars. The sambar deer is much larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F4F6DDDF997D926CA4A5A16D395A7473" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis axis" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="axis">Axis axis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figs 21 and 22). Based on the body mass estimated from the second molar sizes, Khok Sung large cervids fit well the size tendency of the modern populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BB13F440457F3558D2F10A3795C9F9D" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rusa unicolor" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unicolor">Rusa unicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Tab. 14). As demonstrated by the scatter diagrams (Figs 21 and 22), the recent sambar deer shows a wide range of size variation that sometimes overlaps with the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BD6161FA8CAD31801A4C003672F97495" originalValue="Eld’s">Eld's</normalizedToken>
|
||
deer. The cheek teeth of Khok Sung
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AF222BA84FD99F8DF2C79FD8393C0F6B" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rusa unicolor" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unicolor">Rusa unicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
conform to the size variability of their recent population. They are also comparable in size and morphology to the fossil sambar deer from Thum Prakai Phet (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E2691E6DCD97351805C8977FF58EA0CC" author="Filoux, A" journalOrPublisher="Geobios" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="341 - 349" title="A Pleistocene mammal assemblage containing Ailuropoda and Pongo from Tham Prakai Phet cave, Chaiyaphum Province, Thailand." url="10.1016/j.geobios.2015.07.003" volume="48" year="2015">Filoux et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Phnom Loang (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="561BFB8FA5E6343E3981C0E9490DFE4B" author="Beden, M" journalOrPublisher="Paris" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" title="Le gisement de vertebres du Phnom Loang (Province de Kampot, Cambodge): Faune du Pleistocene moyen terminal (Loangien)." volumeTitle="Travaux et Documents de l'ORSTOM" year="1973">
|
||
Beden and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6F8BEF08724BC2C91D92AAE11E3DF29E" originalValue="Guérin">Guerin</normalizedToken>
|
||
1973
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and Ma
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E3EEA3C9A51984C31387E535000CFC07" originalValue="U’Oi">U'Oi</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AC690EDA770D0BE9AFCD532CE9625E90" author="Bacon, AM" journalOrPublisher="Geobios" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="305 - 314" title="The Pleistocene Ma U'Oi cave, northern Vietnam: palaeontology, sedimentology and palaeoenvironments." url="10.1016/j.geobios.2003.03.010" volume="37" year="2004">Bacon et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (Figs 21 and 22). As is the case for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C40E92C89D5C4D4626FC066A26419DB" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Panolia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panolia eldii" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eldii">Panolia eldii</taxonomicName>
|
||
, some cervid specimens described from Thum Wiman Nakin are improperly identified. For instance, the P2 (TF 3371 and TF 4570) probably do not belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="597E18688BE5CA5C857D92B6F1A982ED" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rusa unicolor" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unicolor">Rusa unicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
according to their smaller sizes. The taxonomic revision of fossil cervids from Thum Wiman Nakin would lead to the recognition of either higher or lower diversity of cervids in Southeast Asia during the Middle Pleistocene.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |