357 lines
50 KiB
XML
357 lines
50 KiB
XML
<document id="8AADAD9F30770A9F38BC1780C619E6D3" ID-CLB-Dataset="27622" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4546.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="aa93de4b-c9ed-4b3e-a1c2-3f5d90faba57" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2619020" ID-ZooBank="D2C9F49A-9B76-40AE-9A60-CAE9B99BA547" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553964486275" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Huber, Bernhard A. & Carvalho, Leonardo S." docDate="2019" docId="E21587DBFF96FFDBFF11FB614E9EF9D5" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4546.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4546 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Arnapa Huber & Carvalho 2019, gen. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="16" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="1E2CFFA3FF98FFD4FF86FFCD4B03FFA0" masterDocTitle="Filling the gaps: descriptions of unnamed species included in the latest molecular phylogeny of Pholcidae (Araneae)" masterLastPageNumber="96" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1698716013903" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="4F9A44424C4814EB0D787E37BCEB7AFD">
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<mods:title id="8CDACD926972AD60147CE8FB09223977">Filling the gaps: descriptions of unnamed species included in the latest molecular phylogeny of Pholcidae (Araneae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="25C30BE527E8F7728D72467F30082FC3">Huber, Bernhard A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="0021A9FA291DC1BF94ABD9DC1E496FAA" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="ABDF44F18B9F451A36BA391C69ED154F">Carvalho, Leonardo S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="904D15A3383B32C11F844FD5F0B7C7EF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="8F38F6995DE6449631FA28C9637A919B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D212F68014AA60E939D0B48168D8B817">
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<mods:date id="D0B9E871769115A6FA3430AB899A1714">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C4368D90E0B46290506642EBD0E83FF6">2019-01-22</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3FC9F5C5ECEB9B69A36C11B28EB094A0">4546</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="8296C6B5E982A9E6A5129E77961E4F2D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="75A9AB18B0066ACFBF6731344E6D51C6" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4546.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="E21587DBFF96FFDBFF11FB614E9EF9D5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5449644" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154531222" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5449644" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E21587DBFF96FFDBFF11FB614E9EF9D5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E21587DBFF96FFDBFF11FB614E9EF9D5" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<subSubSection id="22A66546FF96FFDAFF11FB614AA7FB66" box="[151,420,1196,1222]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="6A0336CDFF96FFDAFF11FB614AA7FB66" blockId="14.[151,420,1196,1222]" box="[151,420,1196,1222]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<heading id="314B81A1FF96FFDAFF11FB614AA7FB66" bold="true" box="[151,420,1196,1222]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="1">
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||
<emphasis id="58C8EADFFF96FFDAFF11FB614AA7FB66" bold="true" box="[151,420,1196,1222]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<taxonomicName id="ADBC4D4EFF96FFDAFF11FB614A49FB66" ID-CoL="333N" authority="Huber" authorityName="Huber & Carvalho" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,330,1196,1222]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Arnapa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="58C8EADFFF96FFDAFF11FB614BF1FB66" bold="true" box="[151,242,1196,1222]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Arnapa</emphasis>
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Huber
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="43FB57A4FF96FFDAFED4FB614AA7FB66" box="[338,420,1196,1222]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="22A66546FF96FFDAFF11FB3F4AEDFAA8" box="[151,494,1266,1288]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="6A0336CDFF96FFDAFF11FB3F4AEDFAA8" blockId="14.[151,494,1266,1288]" box="[151,494,1266,1288]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="58C8EADFFF96FFDAFF11FB3F4A1FFAA8" bold="true" box="[151,284,1266,1288]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<typeStatus id="B507886FFF96FFDAFF11FB3F4BCFFAA8" box="[151,204,1266,1288]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="ADBC4D4EFF96FFDAFEAFFB3E4AB2FAA8" authority="Huber & Carvalho, 2019" authorityName="Huber & Carvalho" authorityYear="2019" box="[297,433,1266,1288]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Arnapa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arfak" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="58C8EADFFF96FFDAFEAFFB3E4AB2FAA8" box="[297,433,1266,1288]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Arnapa arfak</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="43FB57A4FF96FFDAFE31FB3E4AEDFAA8" box="[439,494,1267,1288]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="22A66546FF96FFDAFF11FAF84A01FAD2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="6A0336CDFF96FFDAFF11FAF84A01FAD2" blockId="14.[151,1436,1333,2006]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="58C8EADFFF96FFDAFF11FAF84A15FAEE" bold="true" box="[151,278,1333,1358]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Etymology</emphasis>
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. The genus is named for West Papuan cultural leader and musician Arnold Ap (
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<date id="1E02100DFF96FFDAFB30FAF84E39FAEE" box="[1206,1338,1333,1358]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1946" valueMax="1984">1946–1984</date>
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); gender feminine.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="22A66546FF96FFDAFF41FAB04FD7F882" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="6A0336CDFF96FFDAFF41FAB04FD7F882" blockId="14.[151,1436,1333,2006]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="58C8EADFFF96FFDAFF41FAB04A39FA36" bold="true" box="[199,314,1405,1430]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. Distinguished from similar Southeast Asian and Australian
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<taxonomicName id="ADBC4D4EFF96FFDAFC63FAB04F58FA36" baseAuthorityName="Huber" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[997,1115,1405,1430]" class="Bivalvia" family="Veneridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Venerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Arteminae">Arteminae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="ADBC4D4EFF96FFDAFBEAFAB34FE6FA35" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2001" box="[1132,1253,1406,1429]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Wugigarra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="58C8EADFFF96FFDAFBEAFAB34FE6FA35" box="[1132,1253,1406,1429]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Wugigarra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="ADBC4D4EFF96FFDAFB75FAB04E96FA36" authorityName="Berland" authorityYear="1942" box="[1267,1429,1405,1430]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Holocneminus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="58C8EADFFF96FFDAFB75FAB04E96FA36" box="[1267,1429,1405,1430]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Holocneminus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="ADBC4D4EFF96FFDAFF11FA6C4A25FA1A" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,294,1441,1466]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Trichocyclus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="58C8EADFFF96FFDAFF11FA6C4A25FA1A" box="[151,294,1441,1466]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Trichocyclus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) by the combination of: (1) male palpal tarsus dorsally with whitish area (e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation id="0E2D4B3CFF96FFDAFB23FA6C4E2DFA1A" author="Huber, B. A." box="[1189,1326,1441,1466]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 144" refId="ref37921" refString="Huber, B. A. (2001) The pholcids of Australia (Araneae; Pholcidae): taxonomy, biogeography, and relationships. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 260, 1 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 (2001) 260 % 3 C 0001: TPOAAP % 3 E 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2001">Huber 2001</bibRefCitation>
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: figs 201, 248, 265; absent in
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<taxonomicName id="ADBC4D4EFF96FFDAFEFAFA0B4AF6FA7D" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2001" box="[380,501,1478,1501]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Wugigarra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="58C8EADFFF96FFDAFEFAFA0B4AF6FA7D" box="[380,501,1478,1501]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Wugigarra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); (2) genital bulb without worm-shaped process (present in
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<taxonomicName id="ADBC4D4EFF96FFDAFB2AFA0B4E25FA7D" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2001" box="[1196,1318,1478,1501]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Wugigarra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="58C8EADFFF96FFDAFB2AFA0B4E25FA7D" box="[1196,1318,1478,1501]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Wugigarra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and some
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<taxonomicName id="ADBC4D4EFF96FFDAFF11FA244A3AF9A2" authorityName="Berland" authorityYear="1942" box="[151,313,1513,1538]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Holocneminus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="58C8EADFFF96FFDAFF11FA244A3AF9A2" box="[151,313,1513,1538]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Holocneminus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation id="0E2D4B3CFF96FFDAFEF8FA24490BF9A2" author="Huber, B. A." box="[382,520,1513,1538]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 144" refId="ref37921" refString="Huber, B. A. (2001) The pholcids of Australia (Araneae; Pholcidae): taxonomy, biogeography, and relationships. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 260, 1 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 (2001) 260 % 3 C 0001: TPOAAP % 3 E 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2001">Huber 2001</bibRefCitation>
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: figs 16, 24); (3) legs with curved hairs (absent in
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<taxonomicName id="ADBC4D4EFF96FFDAFBC1FA244FD5F9A2" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1908" box="[1095,1238,1513,1538]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Trichocyclus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="58C8EADFFF96FFDAFBC1FA244FD5F9A2" box="[1095,1238,1513,1538]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Trichocyclus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); (4) genital bulb without transparent dorsal process (present in most
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<taxonomicName id="ADBC4D4EFF96FFDAFD63F9C04877F986" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1908" box="[741,884,1549,1574]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Trichocyclus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="58C8EADFFF96FFDAFD63F9C04877F986" box="[741,884,1549,1574]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Trichocyclus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation id="0E2D4B3CFF96FFDAFC3AF9C04F44F986" author="Huber, B. A." box="[956,1095,1549,1574]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 144" refId="ref37921" refString="Huber, B. A. (2001) The pholcids of Australia (Araneae; Pholcidae): taxonomy, biogeography, and relationships. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 260, 1 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 (2001) 260 % 3 C 0001: TPOAAP % 3 E 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2001">Huber 2001</bibRefCitation>
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: figs 191, 203, 252); (5) ALS with only two spigots each (
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<figureCitation id="F2872A48FF96FFDAFE57F9FC4950F9EA" box="[465,595,1585,1610]" captionStart="FIGURES 90–97" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1665,1687]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1644]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1644]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 90–97. Arnapa tolire sp. n. (90–94, ZFMK, Ar 20613) and A. tinoor sp. n. (95–97, ZFMK, Ar 20615–16). 90–91. Female prosoma, frontal views. 92. Left female palp and chelicerae; note absence of stridulatory files. 93. Female palpal tarsal organ. 94–95. Epigyna, ventral views. 96–97. Female and male spinnerets. ALS, anterior lateral spinneret; ch, chelicera; PMS, posterior median spinneret; pto, palpal tarsal organ. Scale lines: 10 µm (93, 96–97), 100 µm (90–92, 94–95)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2619054/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 96, 97</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="F2872A48FF96FFDAFDD8F9FF498BF9EA" box="[606,648,1586,1610]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–12" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1522,1544]" captionTargetBox="[172,1407,187,1495]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,173,1523]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 7–12. Artema spp., procursi in dorsal views, and genital bulbs in dorsal views. 7–8. A. bahla sp. n. (ZFMK, Ar 20587). 9–10. A. ghubrat sp. n. (ZFMK, Ar 20594). 11–12. A. dhofar sp. n. (ZFMK, Ar 20596). a, b, c, bulbal processes a–c; da, dorsal apophysis; em, embolus; n, light notches. Scale line: 0.5 (all figures at same scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2619024/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">8–9</figureCitation>
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spigots in
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<taxonomicName id="ADBC4D4EFF96FFDAFC84F9FC48A7F9EA" authorityName="Berland" authorityYear="1942" box="[770,932,1585,1610]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Holocneminus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="58C8EADFFF96FFDAFC84F9FC48A7F9EA" box="[770,932,1585,1610]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Holocneminus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="ADBC4D4EFF96FFDAFC5CF9FC4F6AF9EA" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1908" box="[986,1129,1585,1610]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Trichocyclus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="58C8EADFFF96FFDAFC5CF9FC4F6AF9EA" box="[986,1129,1585,1610]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Trichocyclus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; e.g.
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<bibRefCitation id="0E2D4B3CFF96FFDAFB21F9FC4E33F9EA" author="Huber, B. A." box="[1191,1328,1585,1610]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 144" refId="ref37921" refString="Huber, B. A. (2001) The pholcids of Australia (Araneae; Pholcidae): taxonomy, biogeography, and relationships. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 260, 1 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 (2001) 260 % 3 C 0001: TPOAAP % 3 E 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2001">Huber 2001</bibRefCitation>
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: figs 195, 209, 224); (6) male clypeus unmodified or with round median process (pair of strong horns in
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<taxonomicName id="ADBC4D4EFF96FFDAFB3AF9984E5DF9CE" authorityName="Berland" authorityYear="1942" box="[1212,1374,1621,1646]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Holocneminus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="58C8EADFFF96FFDAFB3AF9984E5DF9CE" box="[1212,1374,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Holocneminus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0E2D4B3CFF96FFDAFF11F9B44ABFF932" author="Deeleman-Reinhold, C. L." box="[151,444,1657,1682]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="31 - 41" refId="ref37585" refString="Deeleman-Reinhold, C. L. (1995) Redescription of Holocneminus multiguttatus Simon and description of two new species of pholcid spiders from Australia. Beitrage zur Araneologie, 4, 31 - 41." type="journal article" year="1995">Deeleman-Reinhold 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 2;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0E2D4B3CFF96FFDAFD94F9B749DDF932" author="Beatty, J. A. & Berry, J. W. & Huber, B. A." box="[530,734,1657,1682]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref37233" refString="Beatty, J. A., Berry, J. W. & Huber, B. A. (2008) The pholcid spiders of Micronesia and Polynesia (Araneae, Pholcidae). Journal of Arachnology, 36, 1 - 25. https: // doi. org / 10.1636 / H 05 - 66.1" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Beatty
|
||
<emphasis id="58C8EADFFF96FFDAFDE5F9B74998F932" box="[611,667,1657,1682]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 7); (7) carapace with median and lateral dark bands (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F2872A48FF96FFDAFAECF9B44BE2F916" captionStart="FIGURES 39–44" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1927,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,589,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,589,1905]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 39–44. Arnapa spp., live specimens. 39–40. A. arfak sp. n., male and female from Mokwam. 41–42. A. tolire sp. n., male and female with egg sac from Ternate. 43–44. A. tinoor sp. n., male and female from near Tomohon." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2619036/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 39–44</figureCitation>
|
||
; three pairs of marks in most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ADBC4D4EFF96FFDAFDD2F95049F5F916" authorityName="Berland" authorityYear="1942" box="[596,758,1693,1718]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Holocneminus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="58C8EADFFF96FFDAFDD2F95049F5F916" box="[596,758,1693,1718]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Holocneminus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ADBC4D4EFF96FFDAFCBEF95048C4F916" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1908" box="[824,967,1693,1718]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Trichocyclus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="58C8EADFFF96FFDAFCBEF95048C4F916" box="[824,967,1693,1718]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Trichocyclus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0E2D4B3CFF96FFDAFB97F9504F9CF916" author="Huber, B. A." box="[1041,1183,1693,1718]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 144" refId="ref37921" refString="Huber, B. A. (2001) The pholcids of Australia (Araneae; Pholcidae): taxonomy, biogeography, and relationships. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 260, 1 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 (2001) 260 % 3 C 0001: TPOAAP % 3 E 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2001">Huber 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 187; Deeleman-
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0E2D4B3CFF96FFDAFF11F90C4A43F97A" author="Deeleman-Reinhold, C. L." box="[151,320,1729,1754]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="31 - 41" refId="ref37585" refString="Deeleman-Reinhold, C. L. (1995) Redescription of Holocneminus multiguttatus Simon and description of two new species of pholcid spiders from Australia. Beitrage zur Araneologie, 4, 31 - 41." type="journal article" year="1995">Reinhold 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 1;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0E2D4B3CFF96FFDAFE15F90F4958F97A" author="Beatty, J. A. & Berry, J. W. & Huber, B. A." box="[403,603,1729,1754]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref37233" refString="Beatty, J. A., Berry, J. W. & Huber, B. A. (2008) The pholcid spiders of Micronesia and Polynesia (Araneae, Pholcidae). Journal of Arachnology, 36, 1 - 25. https: // doi. org / 10.1636 / H 05 - 66.1" type="journal article" year="2008">Beatty et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 34); (8) female chelicerae without stridulatory ridges (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F2872A48FF96FFDAFB6BF90C4E43F97A" box="[1261,1344,1729,1754]" captionStart="FIGURES 90–97" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1665,1687]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1644]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1644]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 90–97. Arnapa tolire sp. n. (90–94, ZFMK, Ar 20613) and A. tinoor sp. n. (95–97, ZFMK, Ar 20615–16). 90–91. Female prosoma, frontal views. 92. Left female palp and chelicerae; note absence of stridulatory files. 93. Female palpal tarsal organ. 94–95. Epigyna, ventral views. 96–97. Female and male spinnerets. ALS, anterior lateral spinneret; ch, chelicera; PMS, posterior median spinneret; pto, palpal tarsal organ. Scale lines: 10 µm (93, 96–97), 100 µm (90–92, 94–95)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2619054/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 92</figureCitation>
|
||
; present and distinct in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ADBC4D4EFF96FFDAFEC7F92B4AB9F95D" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2001" box="[321,442,1766,1789]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Wugigarra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="58C8EADFFF96FFDAFEC7F92B4AB9F95D" box="[321,442,1766,1789]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Wugigarra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ADBC4D4EFF96FFDAFE72F9284995F95E" authorityName="Berland" authorityYear="1942" box="[500,662,1765,1790]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Holocneminus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="58C8EADFFF96FFDAFE72F9284995F95E" box="[500,662,1765,1790]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Holocneminus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; e.g. Huber 2011: figs 45, 139); (9) epigynum without light median projection (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F2872A48FF96FFDAFE91F8C44A9BF882" box="[279,408,1801,1826]" captionStart="FIGURES 75–80" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1888,1910]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,985,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,985,1866]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 75–80. Arnapa spp., epigyna, ventral views, and cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views; arrows point at internal putative pockets. 75–77. A. arfak sp. n. (ZFMK, Ar 20605). 78–80. A. manokwari sp. n. (ZFMK, Ar 20608). Scale lines: 0.5." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2619050/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 75, 78</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="F2872A48FF96FFDAFE22F8C74914F882" box="[420,535,1802,1826]" captionStart="FIGURES 81–89" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1726,1748]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1705]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 81–89. Arnapa spp., epigyna, ventral views, and cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. 81–83. A. meja sp. n. (ZFMK, Ar 20610). 84–86. A. tolire sp. n. (ZFMK, Ar 20613). 87–89. A. tinoor sp. n. (ZFMK, Ar 20616). Scale lines: 0.5." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2619052/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">81, 84, 87</figureCitation>
|
||
; present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ADBC4D4EFF96FFDAFD11F8C44825F882" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1908" box="[663,806,1801,1826]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Trichocyclus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="58C8EADFFF96FFDAFD11F8C44825F882" box="[663,806,1801,1826]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Trichocyclus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0E2D4B3CFF96FFDAFCE3F8C448EDF882" author="Huber, B. A." box="[869,1006,1801,1826]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 144" refId="ref37921" refString="Huber, B. A. (2001) The pholcids of Australia (Araneae; Pholcidae): taxonomy, biogeography, and relationships. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 260, 1 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 (2001) 260 % 3 C 0001: TPOAAP % 3 E 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2001">Huber 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 200, 213, 240).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="22A66546FF96FFDBFF73F8E04BE3F98D" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="6A0336CDFF96FFDAFF73F8E048FAF82E" blockId="14.[151,1436,1333,2006]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="58C8EADFFF96FFDAFF73F8E04AC8F8E6" bold="true" box="[245,459,1837,1862]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Description. Male</emphasis>
|
||
. MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 2.0–2.3, carapace width 0.9–1.1. Leg 1: ~25–35, tibia 1: 4.9–8.0; tibia 1 L/d: ~70–100. Distance PME-PME 75–110 µm, diameter PME 80–110 µm, distance PME- ALE 60–120 µm, distance AME-AME 15–20 µm, diameter AME 40–50 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6A0336CDFF96FFDBFF41F8574A0BFF58" blockId="14.[151,1436,1333,2006]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1437,151,1653]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
COLOR. In general ochre to brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F2872A48FF96FFDAFDD9F8544812F812" box="[607,785,1945,1970]" captionStart="FIGURES 39–44" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1927,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,589,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,589,1905]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 39–44. Arnapa spp., live specimens. 39–40. A. arfak sp. n., male and female from Mokwam. 41–42. A. tolire sp. n., male and female with egg sac from Ternate. 43–44. A. tinoor sp. n., male and female from near Tomohon." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2619036/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 39, 41, 43</figureCitation>
|
||
). Carapace with dark brown median and lateral marginal bands, never with three pairs of dark marks. Clypeus with pair of brown bands. Legs usually with dark rings on femora subdistally, patellae + tibiae proximally, and tibiae subdistally; tips of femora and tibiae whitish. Abdomen always with dark marks and sometimes also white marks dorsally and laterally; ventrally with dark mark behind gonopore.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6A0336CDFF97FFDBFF41FEC84F17FE0D" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1653]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
BODY. Habitus as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="F2872A48FF97FFDBFE3CFEC9496EFEBC" box="[442,621,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 39–44" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1927,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,589,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,589,1905]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 39–44. Arnapa spp., live specimens. 39–40. A. arfak sp. n., male and female from Mokwam. 41–42. A. tolire sp. n., male and female with egg sac from Ternate. 43–44. A. tinoor sp. n., male and female from near Tomohon." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2619036/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs 39, 41, 43</figureCitation>
|
||
. All eyes on raised ocular area. Carapace with distinct median furrow, without pit. Clypeus unmodified or slightly more prominent than in females, only in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ADBC4D4EFF97FFDBFBC3FEE54FAAFEE0" authorityName="Huber & Carvalho" authorityYear="2019" box="[1093,1193,296,320]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Arnapa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tinoor">
|
||
<emphasis id="58C8EADFFF97FFDBFBC3FEE54FAAFEE0" box="[1093,1193,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. tinoor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with rounded median projection (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F2872A48FF97FFDBFE9EFE814A6EFEC5" box="[280,365,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 65–69" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1893,1915]" captionTargetBox="[163,1420,193,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1872]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 65–69. Arnapa tinoor sp. n. (ZFMK, Ar 20615). 65–66. Left male palp, prolateral and retrolateral views. 67. Left procursus, dorsal view. 68. Male prosoma, oblique frontal view. 69. Left genital bulb, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.5." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2619046/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 68</figureCitation>
|
||
). Chelicerae with cone-shaped apophyses in species-specific arrangement, always with distinct stridulatory ridges. Gonopore without epiandrous spigots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F2872A48FF97FFDBFCA1FEA2488AFE28" box="[807,905,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 98–104" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1882,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,411,1860]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,411,1860]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 98–104. Arnapa tinoor sp. n., male (ZFMK, Ar 20615). 98. Projection on clypeus; note presence of putative pores. 99. Cheliceral stridulatory ridges and lateral processes. 100. Cheliceral frontal proximal processes. 101. Gonopore. 102. Palpal tarsal organ. 103. Left procursus and bulb, dorsal view; arrow points at sperm duct opening. 104. Distal part of procursus, prolateral view. ba, bulbal apophysis; gb, genital bulb; pr, procursus. Scale lines: 10 µm (98–100, 102, 104), 20 µm (101), 100 µm (103)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2619056/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 101</figureCitation>
|
||
). ALS with one strongly widened and one long pointed spigot each (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F2872A48FF97FFDBFE06FE594AD7FE0C" box="[384,468,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 90–97" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1665,1687]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1644]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1644]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 90–97. Arnapa tolire sp. n. (90–94, ZFMK, Ar 20613) and A. tinoor sp. n. (95–97, ZFMK, Ar 20615–16). 90–91. Female prosoma, frontal views. 92. Left female palp and chelicerae; note absence of stridulatory files. 93. Female palpal tarsal organ. 94–95. Epigyna, ventral views. 96–97. Female and male spinnerets. ALS, anterior lateral spinneret; ch, chelicera; PMS, posterior median spinneret; pto, palpal tarsal organ. Scale lines: 10 µm (93, 96–97), 100 µm (90–92, 94–95)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2619054/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 97</figureCitation>
|
||
); PMS with two spigots each; PLS without spigots.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6A0336CDFF97FFDBFF41FE754A91FD24" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1653]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
PALPS. Large relative to body size. Coxa unmodified. Trochanter barely modified or with short ventral projection. Femur strongly widened, with retrolateral process proximally. Patella on ventral side not closed. Retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia in relatively proximal position. Tarsus dorsally with whitish area, with exposed tarsal organ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F2872A48FF97FFDBFEBFFDE94AA7FD9C" box="[313,420,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 98–104" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1882,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,411,1860]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,411,1860]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 98–104. Arnapa tinoor sp. n., male (ZFMK, Ar 20615). 98. Projection on clypeus; note presence of putative pores. 99. Cheliceral stridulatory ridges and lateral processes. 100. Cheliceral frontal proximal processes. 101. Gonopore. 102. Palpal tarsal organ. 103. Left procursus and bulb, dorsal view; arrow points at sperm duct opening. 104. Distal part of procursus, prolateral view. ba, bulbal apophysis; gb, genital bulb; pr, procursus. Scale lines: 10 µm (98–100, 102, 104), 20 µm (101), 100 µm (103)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2619056/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 102</figureCitation>
|
||
). Procursus with distinct dorsal process, with species-specific distal sclerotized and membranous elements. Bulb with complex and species-specific process carrying sperm duct opening, never with worm-shaped process.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6A0336CDFF97FFDBFF41FD5D4822FD50" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1653]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">LEGS. Without spines; few vertical hairs; with curved hairs, especially on tibiae and metatarsi; retrolateral trichobothrium on tibia 1 at 4–11%; prolateral trichobothrium present on all tibiae; tibia 2 and tibia 4 approximately same length; pseudosegmentation of tarsi distally distinct.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6A0336CDFF97FFDBFF41FD3149A8FCFD" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1653]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="58C8EADFFF97FFDBFF41FD314A1DFCB5" bold="true" box="[199,286,764,789]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Female</emphasis>
|
||
. In general similar to male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F2872A48FF97FFDBFDECFD31481EFCB4" box="[618,797,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 39–44" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1927,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,589,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,589,1905]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 39–44. Arnapa spp., live specimens. 39–40. A. arfak sp. n., male and female from Mokwam. 41–42. A. tolire sp. n., male and female with egg sac from Ternate. 43–44. A. tinoor sp. n., male and female from near Tomohon." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2619036/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs 40, 42, 44</figureCitation>
|
||
) but legs shorter (tibia 1: 3.8–6.7), stridulatory files on chelicerae either absent or very fine. Epigynum with weakly sculptured anterior plate and distinct posterior plate, sometimes with dark median sclerite anteriorly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6A0336CDFF97FFDBFF41FCAA4944FB95" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1653]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="58C8EADFFF97FFDBFF41FCAA4A4DFC20" bold="true" box="[199,334,871,896]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Monophyly</emphasis>
|
||
. The recent molecular phylogeny of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ADBC4D4EFF97FFDBFD70FCAA4F48FC20" authority="(Eberle et al. 2018)" authorityName="Eberle" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Eberle" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[758,1099,871,896]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Pholcidae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0E2D4B3CFF97FFDBFCF2FCAA4F47FC20" author="Eberle, J. & Dimitrov, D. & Valdez-Mondragon, A. & Huber, B. A." box="[884,1092,871,896]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="141" refId="ref37668" refString="Eberle, J., Dimitrov, D., Valdez-Mondragon, A. & Huber, B. A. (2018) Microhabitat change drives diversification in pholcid spiders. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 18, 141. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12862 - 018 - 1244 - 8" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Eberle
|
||
<emphasis id="58C8EADFFF97FFDBFC4EFCA44F01FC20" box="[968,1026,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
included four representatives of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ADBC4D4EFF97FFDBFF33FC414A0AFC03" authority="Huber & Carvalho, 2019" authorityName="Huber & Carvalho" authorityYear="2019" box="[181,265,908,931]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Arnapa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="58C8EADFFF97FFDBFF33FC414A0AFC03" box="[181,265,908,931]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Arnapa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and a total of 12 representatives of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ADBC4D4EFF97FFDBFD1AFC404816FC04" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2001" box="[668,789,909,932]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Wugigarra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="58C8EADFFF97FFDBFD1AFC404816FC04" box="[668,789,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Wugigarra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ADBC4D4EFF97FFDBFCA5FC4148C6FC05" authorityName="Berland" authorityYear="1942" box="[803,965,908,933]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Holocneminus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="58C8EADFFF97FFDBFCA5FC4148C6FC05" box="[803,965,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Holocneminus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ADBC4D4EFF97FFDBFB85FC414F91FC05" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1908" box="[1027,1170,908,933]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Trichocyclus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="58C8EADFFF97FFDBFB85FC414F91FC05" box="[1027,1170,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Trichocyclus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ADBC4D4EFF97FFDBFB26FC414FF7FC03" authority="Huber & Carvalho, 2019" authorityName="Huber & Carvalho" authorityYear="2019" box="[1184,1268,908,931]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Arnapa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="58C8EADFFF97FFDBFB26FC414FF7FC03" box="[1184,1268,908,931]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Arnapa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was recovered with maximum support, but there is no obvious morphological character that is likely to provide a synapomorphy for the genus. The diagnosis above shows that similarities exist with each of the three closely related genera, but in the absence of a comprehensive cladistic analysis it is generally not known which character states are plesiomorphic and which apomorphic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6A0336CDFF97FFDBFF41FBF24FEAFB00" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1653]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="58C8EADFFF97FFDBFF41FBF24AD2FBF8" bold="true" box="[199,465,1087,1112]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Generic Relationships</emphasis>
|
||
. The recent molecular phylogeny of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ADBC4D4EFF97FFDBFC06FBF24FD9FBF8" authority="(Eberle et al. 2018)" authorityName="Eberle" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Eberle" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[896,1242,1087,1112]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Pholcidae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0E2D4B3CFF97FFDBFC79FBF24FD0FBF8" author="Eberle, J. & Dimitrov, D. & Valdez-Mondragon, A. & Huber, B. A." box="[1023,1235,1087,1112]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="141" refId="ref37668" refString="Eberle, J., Dimitrov, D., Valdez-Mondragon, A. & Huber, B. A. (2018) Microhabitat change drives diversification in pholcid spiders. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 18, 141. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12862 - 018 - 1244 - 8" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Eberle
|
||
<emphasis id="58C8EADFFF97FFDBFBD2FB8C4F8CFBF8" box="[1108,1167,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
supports a close relationship between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ADBC4D4EFF97FFDBFE15FBA94AE4FBDB" authority="Huber & Carvalho, 2019" authorityName="Huber & Carvalho" authorityYear="2019" box="[403,487,1124,1147]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Arnapa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="58C8EADFFF97FFDBFE15FBA94AE4FBDB" box="[403,487,1124,1147]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Arnapa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and three other Southeast Asian and Australian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ADBC4D4EFF97FFDBFBB1FBA94FAEFBDD" baseAuthorityName="Huber" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[1079,1197,1124,1149]" class="Bivalvia" family="Veneridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Venerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Arteminae">Arteminae</taxonomicName>
|
||
genera (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ADBC4D4EFF97FFDBFA9AFBA84E96FBDC" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2001" box="[1308,1429,1125,1148]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Wugigarra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="58C8EADFFF97FFDBFA9AFBA84E96FBDC" box="[1308,1429,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Wugigarra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ADBC4D4EFF97FFDBFF11FB4A4A3AFB00" authorityName="Berland" authorityYear="1942" box="[151,313,1159,1184]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Holocneminus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="58C8EADFFF97FFDBFF11FB4A4A3AFB00" box="[151,313,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Holocneminus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ADBC4D4EFF97FFDBFEC0FB4A4AD6FB00" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1908" box="[326,469,1159,1184]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Trichocyclus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="58C8EADFFF97FFDBFEC0FB4A4AD6FB00" box="[326,469,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Trichocyclus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). However, relationships among these four genera remain unresolved.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6A0336CDFF97FFDBFF41FB6148A5FA3D" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1653]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="58C8EADFFF97FFDBFF41FB614AD1FB65" bold="true" box="[199,466,1196,1221]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Composition/Diversity</emphasis>
|
||
. The genus currently includes six species: the five species newly described below, plus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ADBC4D4EFF97FFDBFF11FB1D497CFB48" authority="(Kulczynski, 1911)" authorityName="Huber & Carvalho" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Kulczynski" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[151,639,1231,1256]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Arnapa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculatus" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="58C8EADFFF97FFDBFF11FB1D4AA2FB48" box="[151,417,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Arnapa nigromaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0E2D4B3CFF97FFDBFE36FB024974FB48" author="Kulczynski, W." box="[432,631,1231,1256]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="423 - 518" refId="ref39356" refString="Kulczynski, W. (1911) Spinnen aus Nord-Neu-Guinea. In: Nova Guinea. Resultats de l'expedition scientifique neerlandaise a la Nouvelle-Guinee en 1903 sous les auspices de Arthur Wichmann, Leiden, Zoologie, 5 (4), pp. 423 - 518." type="journal article" year="1911">Kulczyński, 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="43FB57A4FF97FFDBFD00FB0249EBFB47" box="[646,744,1231,1256]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
that is newly transferred from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ADBC4D4EFF97FFDBFBC2FB024FC9FB48" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" box="[1092,1226,1231,1256]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Psilochorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="58C8EADFFF97FFDBFBC2FB024FC9FB48" box="[1092,1226,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Psilochorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The latter species originates from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="12AB765DFF97FFDBFEDEFB394ACBFAAD" box="[344,456,1268,1293]" name="Indonesia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A878F82FFF97FFDBFE5DFB384964FAAC" box="[475,615,1269,1292]" country="Indonesia" name="Papua Barat" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">West Papua</collectingRegion>
|
||
, “Manikion” (~
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0F88500AFF97FFDBFCA0FB394876FAAC" box="[806,885,1268,1292]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="555" value="-1.49">1.49°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0F88500AFF97FFDBFC0EFB3948F6FAAC" box="[904,1013,1268,1292]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="555" value="133.94">133.94°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). The only known specimen (male
|
||
<typeStatus id="B507886FFF97FFDBFF11FADA4BF8FA90" box="[151,251,1303,1328]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) could not be found at the Museum and Institute of Zoology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw (W. Wawer, pers. comm.
|
||
<date id="1E02100DFF97FFDBFE36FAF14921FAF4" box="[432,546,1340,1365]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2018-07">July 2018</date>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0E2D4B3CFF97FFDBFDB2FAF14815FAF4" author="Kulczynski, W." box="[564,790,1340,1365]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="423 - 518" refId="ref39356" refString="Kulczynski, W. (1911) Spinnen aus Nord-Neu-Guinea. In: Nova Guinea. Resultats de l'expedition scientifique neerlandaise a la Nouvelle-Guinee en 1903 sous les auspices de Arthur Wichmann, Leiden, Zoologie, 5 (4), pp. 423 - 518." type="journal article" year="1911">Kulczyński’s (1911)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reasonably good drawings of the male palp suggest that it is likely to be closely related to the species newly described below but not conspecific with the geographically close
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ADBC4D4EFF97FFDBFF51FA494A32FA3D" authorityName="Huber & Carvalho" authorityYear="2019" box="[215,305,1412,1437]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Arnapa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arfak">
|
||
<emphasis id="58C8EADFFF97FFDBFF51FA494A32FA3D" box="[215,305,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. arfak</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, nor with any of the other four species described below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6A0336CDFF97FFDBFF41FA6A4BE3F98D" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1653]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Several additional species exist in collections (Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de
|
||
<collectingCountry id="12AB765DFF97FFDBFB46FA6A4E2BFA60" box="[1216,1320,1447,1472]" name="Belgium" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Belgique</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A878F82FFF97FFDBFAB3FA6A4E94FA60" box="[1333,1431,1447,1472]" country="Belgium" name="Region de Bruxelles-Capitale" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Brussels</collectingRegion>
|
||
; Natural History Museum, London; and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="12AB765DFF97FFDBFDDDFA0149E1FA45" box="[603,738,1484,1509]" name="Netherlands" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Netherlands</collectingCountry>
|
||
Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis, Leiden). The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ADBC4D4EFF97FFDBFA88FA014E7FFA45" box="[1294,1404,1484,1509]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pholcidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
of New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="12AB765DFF97FFDBFF55FA224A27F9A8" box="[211,292,1519,1544]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
are extremely poorly known and it seems likely that the island is home to many dozen species of this genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="22A66546FF97FFDBFF41F9FA4E9EF9D5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="6A0336CDFF97FFDBFF41F9FA4E9EF9D5" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1653]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="58C8EADFFF97FFDBFF41F9FA4A5AF9F0" bold="true" box="[199,345,1591,1616]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. Widely distributed in eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="12AB765DFF97FFDBFD49F9FA483FF9F0" box="[719,828,1591,1616]" name="Indonesia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="F2872A48FF97FFDBFCD7F9FA48BAF9F0" box="[849,953,1591,1616]" captionStart="FIGURE 343" captionStartId="89.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1172,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@89.[151,1436,1172,1840]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="FIGURE 343. Known distribution of Arnapa gen. n.; red marks: undescribed species. Further undescribed species that might belong in this genus are known from the Caroline Islands and from Papua New Guinea east to the Louisiade Archipelago." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2619156/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 343</figureCitation>
|
||
). Further undescribed species that might belong in this genus are known from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="12AB765DFF97FFDBFDE6F9914815F9D5" box="[608,790,1628,1653]" name="Micronesia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Caroline Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
and from New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="12AB765DFF97FFDBFC40F9914F14F9D5" box="[966,1047,1628,1653]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
east to the Louisiade Archipelago.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |