537 lines
70 KiB
XML
537 lines
70 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="4B50113C1380894FC4D5D7B15B30B8CA">Taxonomic guide and historical review of echinoids (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) from northeastern Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0C60655E4CD72E0BDEB2E6D810D9DBD5">Gondim, Anne Isabelley</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="053BC87D0A7CD9C91A47CECAB45F0E7F">Moura, Rafael Bendayan De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="635C508861D23ABA578C20C6F73A848D">Dias, Thelma Lúcia Pereira</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="C4255B094E2FFFF0FF551C69FA13F85B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5971034" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154508474" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5971034" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C4255B094E2FFFF0FF551C69FA13F85B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C4255B094E2FFFF0FF551C69FA13F85B" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<heading id="177B5D734E2FFFF1FF551C69FDF4F8C6" bold="true" box="[151,608,1886,1912]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2FFFF1FF551C69FDF4F8C6" ID-CoL="5ZCNK" authority="(Gray, 1825)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[151,608,1886,1912]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="subdepressus">
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<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2FFFF1FF551C69FDF4F8C6" bold="true" box="[151,608,1886,1912]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2FFFF1FF551C69FE28F8C6" bold="true" box="[151,444,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Clypeaster subdepressus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2FFFF1FE0E1C69FDCCF8C6" author="Gray, J. E." box="[460,600,1886,1912]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="423 - 431" refId="ref54469" refString="Gray, J. E. (1825) An attempt to divide the Echinida or sea-eggs into natural families. Annales de Philosophie, 26, 423 - 431. Available from: https: // archive. org / stream / annalsofphilosop 10 lond # page / 430 / mode / 2 up (accessed 26 April 2017)" type="journal article" year="1825">Gray, 1825</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="0496B9944E2FFFF1FF551CB6FED4F824" box="[151,320,1921,1946]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="description">
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<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E2FFFF1FF551CB6FED4F824" blockId="28.[151,608,1886,1946]" box="[151,320,1921,1946]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E2FFFF1FF551CB6FE97F824" box="[151,259,1921,1946]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1941,1963]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[172,1416,193,1919]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 10. Morphological characters of Clypeaster subdepressus (UFBA00072). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C) Lateral view; (D) Aboral view of naked test; (E) Oral view of naked test; (F) Madreporic plate; (G) Peristome and basicoronal plates; (H) Valve of ophicephalous pedicellariae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612584/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Figure 10</figureCitation>
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A–H
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="0496B9944E2FFFF0FF551CFEFB05FE41" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E2FFFF1FF551CFEFDC6F861" blockId="28.[151,594,1993,2015]" box="[151,594,1993,2015]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2FFFF1FF551CFEFDDBF861" ID-CoL="6DVRG" authority="Gray, 1825: 427" authorityName="Gray" authorityPageNumber="427" authorityYear="1825" box="[151,591,1993,2015]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Echinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="subdepressus">
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<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2FFFF1FF551CFEFE36F861" box="[151,418,1993,2015]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Echinanthus subdepressus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E2FFFF1FE6A1CFEFDDBF861" author="Gray, J. E." box="[424,591,1993,2015]" page="427" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1825">
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<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2FFFF1FE6A1CFEFD88F861" author="Gray, J. E." box="[424,540,1993,2015]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="423 - 431" refId="ref54469" refString="Gray, J. E. (1825) An attempt to divide the Echinida or sea-eggs into natural families. Annales de Philosophie, 26, 423 - 431. Available from: https: // archive. org / stream / annalsofphilosop 10 lond # page / 430 / mode / 2 up (accessed 26 April 2017)" type="journal article" year="1825">Gray, 1825</bibRefCitation>
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: 427
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E2EFFF0FF551BAFFD5FFF55" blockId="29.[151,1436,152,511]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="6C9CCD314E2EFFF0FF551BAFFD5FFF55" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2EFFF0FF551BAFFD16FF10" ID-CoL="5ZCNK" authority="L. Agassiz, 1836: 20" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityPageNumber="20" authorityYear="1836" box="[151,642,152,174]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="subdepressus">
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<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FF551BAFFE02FF10" box="[151,406,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Clypeaster subdepressus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E2EFFF0FE631BAEFD16FF10" author="Agassiz, L." box="[417,642,152,174]" page="20" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1836">
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<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FE631BAEFDCFFF10" author="Agassiz, L." box="[417,603,152,174]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="168 - 199" refId="ref46767" refString="Agassiz, L. (1836) Prodrome d'une Monographie des Radiaires ou Echinodermes. Memoires de la Societe des Sciences naturelles de Neuchatel, 1, 168 - 199. Available from: http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 40297 # page / 180 / mode / 1 up (accessed 2 October 2016)" type="journal article" year="1836">L. Agassiz, 1836</bibRefCitation>
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: 20
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.―
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||
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E2EFFF0FD621BAFFCE0FF10" author="Rathbun, R." box="[672,884,152,174]" page="144" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1879">
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<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FD621BAFFCABFF10" author="Rathbun, R." box="[672,831,152,174]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="139 - 151" refId="ref62391" refString="Rathbun, R. (1879) A list of the Brazilian echinoderms, with notes on their distribution, etc. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 5, 139 - 151." type="journal article" year="1879">Rathbun, 1879</bibRefCitation>
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: 144
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</treatmentCitation>
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.―
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||
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E2EFFF0FC511BAFFBD7FF10" author="Krau, L." box="[915,1091,152,174]" page="415" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1956">
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<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FC511BAFFB9BFF10" author="Krau, L." box="[915,1039,152,174]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="413 - 416" refId="ref56134" refString="Krau, L. (1956) A existencia de Clypeaster latissimus (Lamarck) no Brasil e consideracoes sobre Clypeaster subdepressus (Gray) (Clypeasteroida, Echinoidea). Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 54 (2), 413 - 416. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0074 - 02761956000200004" type="journal article" year="1956">Krau, 1956</bibRefCitation>
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: 415
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
–416, figs 5–10, 13, 15, 17 and 19.―
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E2EFFF0FF3E1B81FE5DFF72" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[252,457,182,204]" page="21" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1957">
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<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FF3E1B81FE36FF72" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[252,418,182,204]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="19 - 44" refId="ref65058" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1957) Os Equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo. I. Echinoidea, Crinoidea e Holothuroidea do bentos costeiro. Contribuicoes Avulsas do Instituto Oceanografico, Oceanografia Biologica, 13 (2), 19 - 44." type="journal article" year="1957">Tommasi, 1957</bibRefCitation>
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: 21
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; 1959: 602.―
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E2EFFF0FD9E1B81FC07FF72" author="Alves, O. F. S. & Cerqueira, W. R. P." box="[604,915,182,204]" page="547" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="2000">
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<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FD9E1B81FCF0FF72" author="Alves, O. F. S. & Cerqueira, W. R. P." box="[604,868,182,204]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="543 - 553" refId="ref47266" refString="Alves, O. F. S. & Cerqueira, W. R. P. (2000) Echinodermata das praias de Salvador (Bahia, Brasil). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 17 (2), 543 - 553. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81752000000200024" type="journal article" year="2000">Alves & Cerqueira, 2000</bibRefCitation>
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: 547
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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.―
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E2EFFF0FC721B81FB57FF72" author="Ventura, C. R. R. & Verissimo, I. & Lima, R. N. P. & Barcellos, C. F. & Oigman-Pszczol, S. S." box="[944,1219,182,205]" page="279" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="2007">
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<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FC721B81FB04FF72" author="Ventura, C. R. R. & Verissimo, I. & Lima, R. N. P. & Barcellos, C. F. & Oigman-Pszczol, S. S." box="[944,1168,182,205]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="273 - 290" refId="ref66921" refString="Ventura, C. R. R., Verissimo, I., Lima, R. N. P., Barcellos, C. F. & Oigman-Pszczol, S. S. (2007 b) Capitulo 11. Echinodermata. In: Creed, J., Pires, D. O. & Figueiredo, M. A. O. (Orgs.), Biodiversidade Marinha da Baia da Ilha Grande. Serie Biodiversidade 23. MMA / SBF, Brasilia, pp. 273 - 290." type="book chapter" year="2007">
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Ventura
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<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FBC81B8FFBACFF72" box="[1034,1080,182,205]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al</emphasis>
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., 2007b
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</bibRefCitation>
|
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: 279
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</treatmentCitation>
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, tab.11.2; 2014: 65.–
|
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<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E2EFFF0FF051BE2FEFBFF55" author="Xavier, L. A. R." box="[199,367,213,235]" page="75" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="2010">
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<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FF051BE2FEDAFF55" author="Xavier, L. A. R." box="[199,334,213,235]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="73 - 78" refId="ref67622" refString="Xavier, L. A. R. (2010) Inventario dos Equinodermos do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology, 14 (2), 73 - 78. https: // doi. org / 10.14210 / bjast. v 14 n 2. p 73 - 78" type="journal article" year="2010">Xavier, 2010</bibRefCitation>
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: 75
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
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.–Ventura, 2013: 106, fig. 122a, b.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E2EFFF0FF551BC3FD7CFEB4" blockId="29.[151,1436,152,511]" box="[151,744,244,266]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="6C9CCD314E2EFFF0FF551BC3FD7CFEB4" box="[151,744,244,266]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2EFFF0FF551BC3FD70FEB4" ID-CoL="52TK8" authority="Lambert & Thiery, 1914: 301" authorityName="Lambert & Thiery" authorityPageNumber="301" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,740,244,266]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Stolonoclypus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="subdepressus">
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<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FF551BC3FE24FEB4" box="[151,432,244,266]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Stolonoclypus subdepressus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E2EFFF0FE751BC3FD70FEB4" author="Lambert, J. & Thiery, P." box="[439,740,244,266]" page="301" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1914">
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<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FE751BC3FD25FEB4" author="Lambert, J. & Thiery, P." box="[439,689,244,266]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="321 - 384" refId="ref56684" refString="Lambert, J. & Thiery, P. (1914) Essai de Nomenclature Raisonnee des Echinides. L. Ferriere, Chaumont, 5, 321 - 384." type="journal article" year="1914">Lambert & Thiéry, 1914</bibRefCitation>
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: 301
|
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E2EFFF0FF551A25FA8CFED8" blockId="29.[151,1436,152,511]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2EFFF0FF551A25FCB1FE96" ID-CoL="5ZCNK" authority="Mortensen, 1948 a: 112" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityPageNumber="112" authorityYear="1948" box="[151,805,274,296]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="subdepressus" subGenus="Stolonoclypus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FF551A25FE91FE96" box="[151,261,274,296]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Clypeaster</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FED11A25FE34FE96" box="[275,416,274,296]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Stolonoclypus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FE6D1A25FDA1FE96" box="[431,565,274,296]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">subdepressus</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E2EFFF0FDF91A24FCB1FE96" author="Mortensen, T." box="[571,805,274,296]" page="112" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1948">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FDF91A24FD61FE96" author="Mortensen, T." box="[571,757,274,296]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref61049" refString="Mortensen, T. (1948 a) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. Vol. IV (2). Clypeasteroida. Clypeasteroidae, Arachnoididae, Fibulariidae, Laganidae and Scutellidae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagem, 471 pp." type="book" year="1948">Mortensen, 1948a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 112
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–116, pl. 23, figs 1–3, pl. 24, fig. 3, pl. 25, fig. 6, pl. 26, figs 1, 6, pl. 27, fig. 4, pl. 45, figs 4, 11, 14, 15.―
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E2EFFF0FD4E1A06FCCFFEF9" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[652,859,305,327]" page="30" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1957">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FD4E1A06FCA7FEF9" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[652,819,305,327]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="19 - 44" refId="ref65058" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1957) Os Equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo. I. Echinoidea, Crinoidea e Holothuroidea do bentos costeiro. Contribuicoes Avulsas do Instituto Oceanografico, Oceanografia Biologica, 13 (2), 19 - 44." type="journal article" year="1957">Tommasi, 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 30
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–31, figs 22―24, pl. 2, figs 3―4; 1964: 84–87; 1966a: 24.―
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E2EFFF0FF3F1A67FE64FED8" author="Cherbonnier, G." box="[253,496,336,358]" page="368" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1959">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FF3F1A67FE54FED8" author="Cherbonnier, G." box="[253,448,336,358]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="367 - 372" refId="ref49456" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1959) Echinodermes de la Guyane Francaise (Crinoides, Asterides, Ophiurides, Holothurides). (Note 4). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 2, 367 - 372." type="journal article" year="1959">Cherbonnier, 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 368
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–370.―
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E2EFFF0FD811A67FD46FED8" author="Brito, I. M." box="[579,722,336,358]" page="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1962">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FD811A67FD2DFED8" author="Brito, I. M." box="[579,697,336,358]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref48633" refString="Brito, I. M. (1962) Ensaio de Catalogo dos Equinodermas do Brasil. Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos, 13, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1962">Brito, 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 6
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; 1968: 24–25, pl. 12, fig. 3.―
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E2EFFF0FBC21A67FA87FED8" author="Magalhaes, W. F. & Martins, L. R. & Alves, O. F. S." box="[1024,1299,336,358]" page="63" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="2005">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FBC21A67FB79FED8" author="Magalhaes, W. F. & Martins, L. R. & Alves, O. F. S." box="[1024,1261,336,358]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="375 - 381" refId="ref58552" refString="Magalhaes, W. F., Martins, L. R. & Alves, O. F. S. (2005) Inventario dos Echinodermata do Estado da Bahia. Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology, 40, 375 - 381. https: // doi. org / 10.14210 / bjast. v 9 n 1. p 61 - 65" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Magalhães
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FBBA1A66FB3FFED8" box="[1144,1195,336,358]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 63
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E2EFFF0FF551A59FE54FE1D" blockId="29.[151,1436,152,511]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="6C9CCD314E2EFFF0FF551A59FE54FE1D" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2EFFF0FF551A59FCFCFE3A" authority="Bernasconi, 1956: 35" authorityName="Bernasconi" authorityPageNumber="35" authorityYear="1956" box="[151,872,366,388]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="subdepressus" subGenus="Stolonoclypus" subSpecies="lobatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FF551A59FE91FE3A" box="[151,261,366,388]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Clypeaster</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FED61A59FE35FE3A" box="[276,417,366,388]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Stolonoclypus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FE731A59FD1DFE3A" box="[433,649,366,388]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">subdepressus lobatus</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E2EFFF0FD4D1A59FCFCFE3A" author="Bernasconi, I." box="[655,872,366,388]" page="35" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1956">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FD4D1A59FCD1FE3A" author="Bernasconi, I." box="[655,837,366,388]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="119 - 148" refId="ref47900" refString="Bernasconi, I. (1956) Equinoideos y Asteroideos de la Coleccion del Instituto Oceanografico de la Univerdidad de San Pablo. Segunda contribucion. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico, 7 (1 - 2), 119 - 148. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0373 - 55241956000100008" type="journal article" year="1956">Bernasconi, 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 35
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.―
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E2EFFF0FC451A59FBB5FE3A" author="Brito, I. M." box="[903,1057,366,388]" page="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1960">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FC451A59FB98FE3A" author="Brito, I. M." box="[903,1036,366,388]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref48557" refString="Brito, I. M. (1960 a) Clypeasteroides do Rio de Janeiro. Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos, 3, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1960">Brito, 1960a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 3
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
―4; 1968: 25–26.―
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E2EFFF0FB361A59FF75FE1D" author="Tommasi, L. R." page="84" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1964">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FB361A59FA0CFE3A" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[1268,1432,366,388]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="83 - 93" refId="ref65240" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1964) Observacoes sobre equinoides do Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 24 (1), 83 - 93." type="journal article" year="1964">Tommasi, 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 84
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–87; 1966b: 240–241.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E2EFFF0FF551A9BFB25FE7C" blockId="29.[151,1436,152,511]" box="[151,1201,428,450]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="6C9CCD314E2EFFF0FF551A9BFB25FE7C" box="[151,1201,428,450]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2EFFF0FF551A9BFD62FE7C" ID-CoL="5DW4C" authority="subdepressus Tommasi, 1959: 602" authorityName="Tommasi" authorityPageNumber="602" authorityYear="1959" box="[151,758,428,450]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="subdepressus" subSpecies="subdepressus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FF551A9BFD89FE7C" box="[151,541,428,450]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Clypeaster subdepressus subdepressus</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E2EFFF0FDE61A9BFD62FE7C" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[548,758,428,450]" page="602" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1959">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FDE61A9BFD50FE7C" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[548,708,428,450]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="601 - 604" refId="ref65188" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1959) Equinodermas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. I-Crinoidea, Asteroidea, Echinoidea e Holothuroidea da regiao compreendida entre o Cabo dos Buzios e Cabo Frio. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 31 (4), 601 - 604." type="journal article" year="1959">Tommasi, 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 602
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 603.–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E2EFFF0FCF71A9BFBD7FE7C" author="Ventura, C. R. R. & Verissimo, I. & Lima, R. N. P. & Barcellos, C. F. & Oigman-Pszczol, S. S." box="[821,1091,428,450]" page="290" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="2007">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FCF71A9BFB85FE7C" author="Ventura, C. R. R. & Verissimo, I. & Lima, R. N. P. & Barcellos, C. F. & Oigman-Pszczol, S. S." box="[821,1041,428,450]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="273 - 290" refId="ref66921" refString="Ventura, C. R. R., Verissimo, I., Lima, R. N. P., Barcellos, C. F. & Oigman-Pszczol, S. S. (2007 b) Capitulo 11. Echinodermata. In: Creed, J., Pires, D. O. & Figueiredo, M. A. O. (Orgs.), Biodiversidade Marinha da Baia da Ilha Grande. Serie Biodiversidade 23. MMA / SBF, Brasilia, pp. 273 - 290." type="book chapter" year="2007">
|
||
Ventura
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FC4D1A9AFC2FFE7C" box="[911,955,428,450]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2007b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 290
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, app. 11.1.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E2EFFF0FF551AFDFDC1FE5E" blockId="29.[151,1436,152,511]" box="[151,597,458,480]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="6C9CCD314E2EFFF0FF551AFDFDC1FE5E" box="[151,597,458,480]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2EFFF0FF551AFDFD89FE5E" ID-CoL="5ZCZK" authority="Krau, 1956: 413" authorityName="Krau" authorityPageNumber="413" authorityYear="1956" box="[151,541,458,480]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="latissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FF551AFDFEE4FE5E" box="[151,368,458,480]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Clypeaster latissimus</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E2EFFF0FEB41AFCFD89FE5E" author="Krau, L." box="[374,541,458,480]" page="413" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1956">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FEB41AFCFE78FE5E" author="Krau, L." box="[374,492,458,480]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="413 - 416" refId="ref56134" refString="Krau, L. (1956) A existencia de Clypeaster latissimus (Lamarck) no Brasil e consideracoes sobre Clypeaster subdepressus (Gray) (Clypeasteroida, Echinoidea). Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 54 (2), 413 - 416. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0074 - 02761956000200004" type="journal article" year="1956">Krau, 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 413
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–427.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E2EFFF0FF551ADEFB05FE41" blockId="29.[151,1436,152,511]" box="[151,1169,489,511]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="6C9CCD314E2EFFF0FF551ADEFB05FE41" box="[151,1169,489,511]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2EFFF0FF551ADEFCF6FE41" ID-CoL="5DW4C" authority="subdepressus Brito, 1960 a: 3" authorityName="Brito" authorityPageNumber="3" authorityYear="1960" box="[151,866,489,511]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="subdepressus" subGenus="Stolonoclypus" subSpecies="subdepressus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FF551ADEFE91FE41" box="[151,261,489,511]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Clypeaster</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FED11ADEFE34FE41" box="[275,416,489,511]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Stolonoclypus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FE6D1ADEFD56FE41" box="[431,706,489,511]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">subdepressus subdepressus</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E2EFFF0FD0A1ADEFCF6FE41" author="Brito, I. M." box="[712,866,489,511]" page="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1960">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FD0A1ADEFCDEFE41" author="Brito, I. M." box="[712,842,489,511]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref48557" refString="Brito, I. M. (1960 a) Clypeasteroides do Rio de Janeiro. Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos, 3, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1960">Brito, 1960a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 3
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. 1d.―
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E2EFFF0FC031ADEFB19FE41" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[961,1165,489,511]" page="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1972">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FC031ADEFBF3FE41" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[961,1127,489,511]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="15 - 67" refId="ref65426" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1972) Equinodermes da regiao entre o Amapa (Brasil) e a Florida (E. U. A.). II. Echinozoa. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico, Sao Paulo, 21, 15 - 67. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0373 - 55241972000100002" type="journal article" year="1972">Tommasi, 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 31
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0496B9944E2EFFF0FF55191BFE4FFDD6" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E2EFFF0FF55191BFE4FFDD6" blockId="29.[151,1437,556,2021]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FF55191BFE12FDFB" bold="true" box="[151,390,556,581]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
Bahia: 1 spm,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E2EFFF0FD84191BFD3FFDFB" box="[582,683,556,581]" name="El Salvador" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Salvador</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="3832CCDF4E2EFFF0FD7E191BFCAFFDFA" box="[700,827,556,580]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1997-09-14">14.IX.1997</date>
|
||
[UFBA00072]; 1 spm,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E2EFFF0FB9F191BFB27FDFB" box="[1117,1203,556,581]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="-12.9">12°54′S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E2EFFF0FB02191BFAB6FDFB" box="[1216,1314,556,581]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="-28.483334">28°29′W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E2EFFF0FAF1191BFA0CFDFB" box="[1331,1432,556,581]" name="El Salvador" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Salvador</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="3832CCDF4E2EFFF0FF551967FEBDFDD6" box="[151,297,592,616]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1993-08-22">22.VIII.1993</date>
|
||
[UFBA00461].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0496B9944E2EFFF0FF051943FAFAFB73" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E2EFFF0FF051943FA86FC13" blockId="29.[151,1437,556,2021]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FF051943FEC1FD33" bold="true" box="[199,341,628,653]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Test large (TL =
|
||
<quantity id="8B7447FA4E2EFFF0FDD41943FDE0FD32" box="[534,628,628,652]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.39" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="139.0">139 mm</quantity>
|
||
; TW =
|
||
<quantity id="8B7447FA4E2EFFF0FD0A1943FCB2FD32" box="[712,806,628,652]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.18" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="118.0">118 mm</quantity>
|
||
), oval, with rounded margin, uniformly covered by short, thin spines, petaloid region slightly inflated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E2EFFF0FD5019A0FD77FD0E" box="[658,739,663,688]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1941,1963]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[172,1416,193,1919]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 10. Morphological characters of Clypeaster subdepressus (UFBA00072). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C) Lateral view; (D) Aboral view of naked test; (E) Oral view of naked test; (F) Madreporic plate; (G) Peristome and basicoronal plates; (H) Valve of ophicephalous pedicellariae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612584/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C). Apical system central, monobasal, with five gonopores (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E2EFFF0FF5D198BFE90FD6A" box="[159,260,700,725]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1941,1963]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[172,1416,193,1919]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 10. Morphological characters of Clypeaster subdepressus (UFBA00072). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C) Lateral view; (D) Aboral view of naked test; (E) Oral view of naked test; (F) Madreporic plate; (G) Peristome and basicoronal plates; (H) Valve of ophicephalous pedicellariae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612584/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 10F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Petaloid large, slightly longer than 50% of test (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E2EFFF0FCFF198BFC5EFD6A" box="[829,970,700,725]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1941,1963]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[172,1416,193,1919]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 10. Morphological characters of Clypeaster subdepressus (UFBA00072). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C) Lateral view; (D) Aboral view of naked test; (E) Oral view of naked test; (F) Madreporic plate; (G) Peristome and basicoronal plates; (H) Valve of ophicephalous pedicellariae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612584/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 10A, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Petals large, leaf-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E2EFFF0FAC0198BFA04FD6A" box="[1282,1424,700,725]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1941,1963]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[172,1416,193,1919]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 10. Morphological characters of Clypeaster subdepressus (UFBA00072). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C) Lateral view; (D) Aboral view of naked test; (E) Oral view of naked test; (F) Madreporic plate; (G) Peristome and basicoronal plates; (H) Valve of ophicephalous pedicellariae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612584/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 10A, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Paired petals nearly closed distally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E2EFFF0FDE519E8FD24FD46" box="[551,688,735,760]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1941,1963]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[172,1416,193,1919]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 10. Morphological characters of Clypeaster subdepressus (UFBA00072). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C) Lateral view; (D) Aboral view of naked test; (E) Oral view of naked test; (F) Madreporic plate; (G) Peristome and basicoronal plates; (H) Valve of ophicephalous pedicellariae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612584/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 10A, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lunule lacking. Aboral primary spines long, slightly club-shaped. Oral primary spines long, terminating in a small hyaline point. Tubercles perforate. Areoles of aboral primary tubercles uniform in size. Oral surface flat, slightly concave around peristome (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E2EFFF0FBEA1810FB27FCFE" box="[1064,1203,807,832]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1941,1963]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[172,1416,193,1919]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 10. Morphological characters of Clypeaster subdepressus (UFBA00072). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C) Lateral view; (D) Aboral view of naked test; (E) Oral view of naked test; (F) Madreporic plate; (G) Peristome and basicoronal plates; (H) Valve of ophicephalous pedicellariae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612584/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 10B, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Peristome circular, central (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E2EFFF0FF36187BFE30FCDA" box="[244,420,844,869]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1941,1963]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[172,1416,193,1919]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 10. Morphological characters of Clypeaster subdepressus (UFBA00072). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C) Lateral view; (D) Aboral view of naked test; (E) Oral view of naked test; (F) Madreporic plate; (G) Peristome and basicoronal plates; (H) Valve of ophicephalous pedicellariae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612584/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 10B, E, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Food grooves unbranched, fairly deep, not reaching ambitus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E2EFFF0FBBC187BFB71FCDA" box="[1150,1253,844,869]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1941,1963]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[172,1416,193,1919]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 10. Morphological characters of Clypeaster subdepressus (UFBA00072). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C) Lateral view; (D) Aboral view of naked test; (E) Oral view of naked test; (F) Madreporic plate; (G) Peristome and basicoronal plates; (H) Valve of ophicephalous pedicellariae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612584/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 10E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Periproct oral, towards posterior margin, located between third and fifth pairs of post-basicoronal interambulacral plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E2EFFF0FAF11858FF3FFC12" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1941,1963]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[172,1416,193,1919]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 10. Morphological characters of Clypeaster subdepressus (UFBA00072). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C) Lateral view; (D) Aboral view of naked test; (E) Oral view of naked test; (F) Madreporic plate; (G) Peristome and basicoronal plates; (H) Valve of ophicephalous pedicellariae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612584/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 10B, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Periproctal membrane densely covered by spines, with some small bivalved triphyllous pedicellariae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E2EFFF0FF051880FBA0FB3B" blockId="29.[151,1437,556,2021]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FF051880FEFCFC6E" bold="true" box="[199,360,951,976]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Pedicellariae.</emphasis>
|
||
Tridentate pedicellariae more abundant in areas close to peristome and to food grooves. Ophicephalous pedicellariae more abundant on margins and triphyllous pedicellariae distributed over entire test. Tridentate pedicellariae with short stalk and neck. Valves long, narrow, with denticulate margin and slightly enlarged tip. Ophicephalous pedicellariae short, without a neck. Valves narrow, with enlarged tips, and foramen (sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FF251F70FE5AFBDE" author="Coppard, S. E. & Kroh, A. & Smith, A. B." box="[231,462,1095,1120]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="125 - 148" refId="ref50998" refString="Coppard, S. E., Kroh, A. & Smith, A. B. (2012) The evolution of pedicellariae in echinoids: an arms race against pests and parasites. Acta Zoologica, 93 (2), 125 - 148. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6395.2010.00487. x" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Coppard
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FE931F7EFE1FFBDE" box="[337,395,1095,1120]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) denticulate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E2EFFF0FDA91F70FD41FBDE" box="[619,725,1095,1120]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1941,1963]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[172,1416,193,1919]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 10. Morphological characters of Clypeaster subdepressus (UFBA00072). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C) Lateral view; (D) Aboral view of naked test; (E) Oral view of naked test; (F) Madreporic plate; (G) Peristome and basicoronal plates; (H) Valve of ophicephalous pedicellariae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612584/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 10H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Bivalved triphyllous pedicellariae small, with long neck and small head. Valves rounded. Some quadridentate pedicellariae were also observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E2EFFF0FF051FB8FAFAFB73" blockId="29.[151,1437,556,2021]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FF051FB8FEB4FB16" bold="true" box="[199,288,1167,1192]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Colour.</emphasis>
|
||
Colour in life yellowish, reddish, very deep brown (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FC561FA7FBF5FB16" author="Mortensen, T." box="[916,1121,1168,1192]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref61049" refString="Mortensen, T. (1948 a) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. Vol. IV (2). Clypeasteroida. Clypeasteroidae, Arachnoididae, Fibulariidae, Laganidae and Scutellidae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagem, 471 pp." type="book" year="1948">Mortensen 1948a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), or olive green (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FAF01FB8FF74FB73" author="Tommasi, L. R." pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 50" refId="ref65269" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1966 a) Lista dos Equinoides recentes do Brasil. Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Serie Oceanografia Biologica, 11, 1 - 50." type="journal article" year="1966">Tommasi 1966a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Spines brownish-green. Preserved specimens are light brownish (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FC0F1F83FB03FB72" author="Mortensen, T." box="[973,1175,1204,1228]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref61049" refString="Mortensen, T. (1948 a) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. Vol. IV (2). Clypeasteroida. Clypeasteroidae, Arachnoididae, Fibulariidae, Laganidae and Scutellidae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagem, 471 pp." type="book" year="1948">Mortensen 1948a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Naked test white.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0496B9944E2EFFF0FF051FE0FC3DFAE3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E2EFFF0FF051FE0FC3DFAE3" blockId="29.[151,1437,556,2021]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FF051FE0FEF4FB4E" bold="true" box="[199,352,1239,1264]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Florida, North Carolina,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E2EFFF0FD511FE0FD7FFB4E" box="[659,747,1239,1264]" name="Mexico" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E2EFFF0FD3E1FE0FCAEFB4E" box="[764,826,1239,1264]" name="Cuba" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E2EFFF0FC891FE0FC3CFB4E" box="[843,936,1239,1264]" name="Jamaica" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E2EFFF0FC7B1FE0FB3EFB4E" box="[953,1194,1239,1264]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Dominican Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E2EFFF0FB781FEFFA82FB51" box="[1210,1302,1240,1263]" name="Panama" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E2EFFF0FAE51FE0FA0CFB4E" box="[1319,1432,1239,1264]" name="Colombia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E2EFFF0FF551FCBFE99FAAB" box="[151,269,1276,1301]" name="Venezuela" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E2EFFF0FE8C1FCBFE06FAAB" box="[334,402,1276,1301]" name="Brazil" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FE661FCBFDC6FAAA" author="Alvarado, J. J." box="[420,594,1276,1301]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="261 - 285" refId="ref47180" refString="Alvarado, J. J. (2011) Echinoderm diversity in the Caribbean Sea. Marine Biodiversity, 41, 261 - 285. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 010 - 0053 - 0" type="journal article" year="2011">Alvarado 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FDA31FCBFC88FAAB" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[609,796,1276,1301]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 50" refId="ref65269" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1966 a) Lista dos Equinoides recentes do Brasil. Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Serie Oceanografia Biologica, 11, 1 - 50." type="journal article" year="1966">Tommasi 1966a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E2EFFF0FC961FCBFC0CFAAB" box="[852,920,1276,1301]" name="Brazil" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
from BA, RJ, SP and SC (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FB181FCBFA0CFAAB" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[1242,1432,1276,1301]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="239 - 246" refId="ref65301" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1966 b) Distribuicao geografica de alguns Equinodermas do Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 26 (3), 239 - 246." type="journal article" year="1966">Tommasi 1966b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FF551E28FE3AFA86" author="Alves, O. F. S. & Cerqueira, W. R. P." box="[151,430,1311,1336]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="543 - 553" refId="ref47266" refString="Alves, O. F. S. & Cerqueira, W. R. P. (2000) Echinodermata das praias de Salvador (Bahia, Brasil). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 17 (2), 543 - 553. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81752000000200024" type="journal article" year="2000">Alves & Cerqueira 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FE7B1E28FD27FA86" author="Magalhaes, W. F. & Martins, L. R. & Alves, O. F. S." box="[441,691,1311,1336]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="375 - 381" refId="ref58552" refString="Magalhaes, W. F., Martins, L. R. & Alves, O. F. S. (2005) Inventario dos Echinodermata do Estado da Bahia. Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology, 40, 375 - 381. https: // doi. org / 10.14210 / bjast. v 9 n 1. p 61 - 65" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Magalhães
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FDFB1E16FDE6FA86" box="[569,626,1311,1336]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FD7D1E28FCDBFA86" author="Xavier, L. A. R." box="[703,847,1311,1336]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="73 - 78" refId="ref67622" refString="Xavier, L. A. R. (2010) Inventario dos Equinodermos do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology, 14 (2), 73 - 78. https: // doi. org / 10.14210 / bjast. v 14 n 2. p 73 - 78" type="journal article" year="2010">Xavier 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). From
|
||
<quantity id="8B7447FA4E2EFFF0FC641E28FBB5FA89" box="[934,1057,1311,1336]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.075" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="0.05" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="107.5" valueMax="210.0" valueMin="5.0">5 to 210 m</quantity>
|
||
, more common between 5 and
|
||
<quantity id="8B7447FA4E2EFFF0FA421E28FF39FAE2" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FF791E73FEDDFAE2" author="Serafy, D. K." box="[187,329,1348,1373]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref63320" refString="Serafy, D. K. (1979) Memoirs of the Hourglass Cruises. V (III): Echinoids (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). Florida Department of Natural Resources, St. Petersburg, Florida, 120 pp." type="book" year="1979">Serafy 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FE961E73FDBBFAE3" author="Hendler, G. & Miller, J. & Pawson, D. & Porter, K." box="[340,559,1348,1373]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref55076" refString="Hendler, G., Miller, J., Pawson, D. & Porter, K. (1995) Sea Stars, Sea Urchins, and Allies. Echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 390 pp." type="book" year="1995">
|
||
Hendler
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FE771E72FE79FAE3" box="[437,493,1348,1373]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FDF91E73FC0AFAE3" author="Laguarda-Figueras, A. & Solis-Marin, F. A. & Duran-Gonzalez, A. & Gust-Ahearn, C. & Buitron-Sanchez, B. E. & Torres-Veja, J." box="[571,926,1348,1373]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="109 - 122" refId="ref56400" refString="Laguarda-Figueras, A., Solis-Marin, F. A., Duran-Gonzalez, A., Gust-Ahearn, C., Buitron-Sanchez, B. E. & Torres-Veja, J. (2005 a) Equinodermos (Echinodermata) del Caribe Mexicano. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 53 (Supplement 3), 109 - 122." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Laguarda-Figueras
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FCD71E72FCD9FAE3" box="[789,845,1348,1373]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0496B9944E2EFFF0FF051E50FA13F85B" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E2EFFF0FF051E50FD43F891" blockId="29.[151,1437,556,2021]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FF051E50FEAFFA3E" bold="true" box="[199,315,1383,1408]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Presently 49 extant species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2EFFF0FD5D1E50FC8CFA3E" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1801" box="[671,792,1383,1408]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FD5D1E50FC8CFA3E" box="[671,792,1383,1408]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Clypeaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known, making it the most speciose extant echinoid genus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FF291EBBFE63FA1A" author="Mihaljevic, M. & Jerjen, I. & Smith, A. B." box="[235,503,1420,1445]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="21 - 38" refId="ref59645" refString="Mihaljevic, M., Jerjen, I. & Smith, A. B. (2011) The test architecture of Clypeaster (Echinoidea, Clypeasteroida) and its phylogenetic significance. Zootaxa, 2983, 21 - 38." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Mihaljević
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FEB01EBAFE3BFA1B" box="[370,431,1420,1445]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E2EFFF0FDF31EBBFDECFA1B" box="[561,632,1420,1445]" name="Brazil" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, there are records of five species [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2EFFF0FBDA1EBAFAE6FA1B" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1048,1394,1420,1445]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rosaceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FBDA1EBAFB34FA1A" box="[1048,1184,1421,1444]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C. rosaceus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FB711EBBFAFDFA1B" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[1203,1385,1420,1445]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref57786" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Natura; per Regna tria Naturae, secundum Classes, Ordines. Genera. Species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Edito Decima, Reformata. Tomus 1. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmire, 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2EFFF0FA401EBAFEBFFA76" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1948" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="subdepressus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FA401EBAFEBFFA76" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C. subdepressus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2EFFF0FEFB1E87FDE9FA76" authority="H. L. Clark, 1914" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1914" box="[313,637,1455,1480]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lamprus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FEFB1E87FE22FA76" box="[313,438,1455,1480]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C. lamprus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FE7E1E87FDE9FA76" author="Clark, H. L." box="[444,637,1455,1480]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref50024" refString="Clark, H. L. (1914) Hawaiian and other Pacific Echini. The Clypeasteridae, Arachnoididae, Laganidae, Fibulariidae, and Scutellidae. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 46 / 1, 1 - 80. Available from: http: // archive. org / stream / memoirs 46 harv # page / n 9 / mode / 2 up (accessed 19 September 2017)" type="journal article" year="1914">H.L. Clark, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2EFFF0FD4B1E87FC0FFA76" authority="(Brito, 1959)" baseAuthorityName="Brito" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[649,923,1455,1480]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aloysioi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FD4B1E87FC96FA76" box="[649,770,1455,1480]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C. aloysioi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FCD31E98FC00FA76" author="Brito, I. M." box="[785,916,1455,1480]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 4" refId="ref48521" refString="Brito, I. M. (1959) Sobre uma nova Clypeaster do Brasil. Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos, 1, 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1959">Brito, 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2EFFF0FC131E87FB40FA76" authority="Krau, 1952" authorityName="Krau" authorityYear="1952" box="[977,1236,1455,1480]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="oliverai">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FC131E87FBDDFA76" box="[977,1097,1455,1480]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C. oliverai</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FB921E87FB40FA76" author="Krau, L." box="[1104,1236,1455,1480]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="703 - 705" refId="ref56034" refString="Krau, L. (1952) Sobre uma nova especie de Echinoidea Clypeaster oliveirai (Ordem Clypeasteroida). Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 50, 703 - 705. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0074 - 02761952000100023" type="journal article" year="1952">Krau, 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]. Both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2EFFF0FAE11E87FA08FA76" baseAuthorityName="Brito" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[1315,1436,1455,1480]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aloysioi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FAE11E87FA08FA76" box="[1315,1436,1455,1480]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C. aloysioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2EFFF0FF0F1EE2FEDFFA53" authorityName="Krau" authorityYear="1952" box="[205,331,1492,1517]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="oliverai">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FF0F1EE2FEDFFA53" box="[205,331,1492,1517]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C. oliverai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are endemic to southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E2EFFF0FD711EE3FD6FFA53" box="[691,763,1492,1517]" name="Brazil" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2EFFF0FCCE1EE3FC7FFA53" baseAuthorityName="Brito" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[780,1003,1492,1517]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aloysioi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FCCE1EE3FC7FFA53" box="[780,1003,1492,1517]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Clypeaster aloysioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2EFFF0FB561EE2FAC4FA53" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1948" box="[1172,1360,1492,1517]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="subdepressus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FB561EE2FAC4FA53" box="[1172,1360,1492,1517]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C. subdepressus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its pentagonal test, and narrower and more widely open petals.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2EFFF0FC861EC0FB88F9AE" authorityName="Krau" authorityYear="1952" box="[836,1052,1527,1552]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="oliverai">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FC861EC0FB88F9AE" box="[836,1052,1527,1552]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Clypeaster oliverai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs by having a large petaloid occupying almost the entire aboral surface, and slightly conical test in lateral view.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2EFFF0FB881D2BFABCF98B" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1914" box="[1098,1320,1564,1589]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lamprus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FB881D2BFABCF98B" box="[1098,1320,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Clypeaster lamprus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs by having a brown-reddish colour, a slightly pentagonal test with thick borders, and spatulate oral spines.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FAE61D77FF7AF9C2" author="Mortensen, T." pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref61049" refString="Mortensen, T. (1948 a) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. Vol. IV (2). Clypeasteroida. Clypeasteroidae, Arachnoididae, Fibulariidae, Laganidae and Scutellidae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagem, 471 pp." type="book" year="1948">Mortensen (1948a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
subdivided
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2EFFF0FEB41D53FE7BF9C3" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1801" box="[374,495,1636,1661]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FEB41D53FE7BF9C3" box="[374,495,1636,1661]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Clypeaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
into ten subgenera. In a study on the architecture of the test
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FB511D53FA08F9C2" author="Mihaljevic, M. & Jerjen, I. & Smith, A. B." box="[1171,1436,1636,1661]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="21 - 38" refId="ref59645" refString="Mihaljevic, M., Jerjen, I. & Smith, A. B. (2011) The test architecture of Clypeaster (Echinoidea, Clypeasteroida) and its phylogenetic significance. Zootaxa, 2983, 21 - 38." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Mihaljević
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FAD61D52FAD8F9C3" box="[1300,1356,1636,1661]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that the subgenera proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FD481DBFFCF0F91E" author="Mortensen, T." box="[650,868,1672,1696]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref61049" refString="Mortensen, T. (1948 a) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. Vol. IV (2). Clypeasteroida. Clypeasteroidae, Arachnoididae, Fibulariidae, Laganidae and Scutellidae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagem, 471 pp." type="book" year="1948">Mortensen (1948a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
do not represent clades. Thus,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FB191DB0FF74F97A" author="Mihaljevic, M. & Jerjen, I. & Smith, A. B." pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="21 - 38" refId="ref59645" refString="Mihaljevic, M., Jerjen, I. & Smith, A. B. (2011) The test architecture of Clypeaster (Echinoidea, Clypeasteroida) and its phylogenetic significance. Zootaxa, 2983, 21 - 38." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Mihaljević
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FA9D1DBEFA08F91E" box="[1375,1436,1671,1696]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
agree with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FEAA1D9BFD92F97A" author="Serafy, D. K." box="[360,518,1708,1733]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="662 - 677" refId="ref63225" refString="Serafy, D. K. (1970) A new species of Clypeaster from the Gulf and Caribbean and a key to the species in the tropical Northwestern Atlantic (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). Biological Results of the University of Miami Deep-Sea Expedition, 58, 662 - 677." type="journal article" year="1970">Serafy (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FDD11D9BFD37F97A" author="Mooi, R." box="[531,675,1708,1733]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 50" refId="ref60027" refString="Mooi, R. (1989) Living and fossil genera of the Clypeasteroida (Echinoidea: Echinodermata): An illustrated key and annotated checklist. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 488, 1 - 50. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.488" type="journal article" year="1989">Mooi (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FD1E1D9BFC58F97B" author="Kroh, A. & Mooi, R." box="[732,972,1708,1733]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref56245" refString="Kroh, A. & Mooi, R. (2016) World Echinoidea Database. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / echinoidea (accessed 3 September 2016)" type="url" year="2016">Kroh & Mooi (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in not adopting any subgenera, although recognizing considerable heterogeneity among the species. In the present study, only two adults were examined, in which no morphological variations were observed.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FD3B1DC3FC2DF8B3" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[761,953,1780,1805]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="83 - 93" refId="ref65240" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1964) Observacoes sobre equinoides do Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 24 (1), 83 - 93." type="journal article" year="1964">Tommasi (1964)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
gave a good discussion on the possible morphological variations found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2EFFF0FDDE1C2FFD44F88E" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1948" box="[540,720,1815,1840]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="subdepressus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FDDE1C2FFD44F88E" box="[540,720,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C. subdepressus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E2EFFF0FF051C0BFA13F85B" blockId="29.[151,1437,556,2021]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FF051C0BFE13F8EB" bold="true" box="[199,391,1852,1877]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ecological notes.</emphasis>
|
||
This species lives in sandy substrates or sediments formed by shell fragments. It can be found in seagrass and on sandy bottoms near coral reefs (del
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FD0D1C68FC43F8C6" author="Valle Garcia, R. & Solis-Marin, F. A. & Abreu Perez, M. & Laguarda-Figueras, F. & Duran Gonzalez, A. de la" box="[719,983,1887,1912]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="9 - 28" refId="ref51643" refString="del Valle Garcia, R., Solis-Marin, F. A., Abreu Perez, M., Laguarda-Figueras, F. & Duran Gonzalez, A. de la L. (2005) Catalogo de los equinodermos (Echinodermata: Crinoidea, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea) neritico-betonico del Arquipielago Cubano. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 53 (Supplement 3), 9 - 28." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Valle García
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FC9C1C56FC01F8C6" box="[862,917,1887,1912]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FC2B1C68FB52F8C6" author="Telford, M. & Mooi, R. & Harold, A. S." box="[1001,1222,1887,1912]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="324 - 336" refId="ref64838" refString="Telford, M., Mooi, R. & Harold, A. S. (1978) Feeding activities of two species of Clypeaster (Echinoides, Clypeasteroida): Further evidence of clypeasteroid resource partitioning. The Biological Bulletin, 172, 324 - 336. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1541712" type="journal article" year="1978">
|
||
Telford
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FBFD1C56FBE2F8C6" box="[1087,1142,1887,1912]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1978)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
studied the feeding activities of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2EFFF0FEDC1CB2FE5AF823" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1948" box="[286,462,1924,1949]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="subdepressus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FEDC1CB2FE5AF823" box="[286,462,1924,1949]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C. subdepressus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and established that individuals select particles above 400 µm in diameter for ingestion. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2EFFF0FEF41C9FFE6EF87E" author="Gladfelter, W. B." box="[310,506,1960,1985]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="149 - 160" refId="ref53448" refString="Gladfelter, W. B. (1978) General ecology of the cassiduloid urchin Cassidulus caribbearum. Marine Biology, 47, 149 - 160. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00395636" type="journal article" year="1978">Gladfelter (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the gastropod
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2EFFF0FD6C1C9EFCC9F87F" box="[686,861,1960,1985]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cassidae" genus="Cassis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tuberosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FD6C1C9EFCC9F87F" box="[686,861,1960,1985]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Cassis tuberosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a common predator of this species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2EFFF0FAE51C9FFEB2F85B" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1948" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="subdepressus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2EFFF0FAE51C9FFEB2F85B" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Clypeaster subdepressus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is common along the littoral region of southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E2EFFF0FC9B1CFBFC0AF85B" box="[857,926,1996,2021]" name="Brazil" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but appears to be rare in northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E2EFFF0FAFC1CFBFA17F85B" box="[1342,1411,1996,2021]" name="Brazil" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |