543 lines
74 KiB
XML
543 lines
74 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="DE05955147479FC499767381064066E3">Taxonomic guide and historical review of echinoids (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) from northeastern Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="599A1D8A6A91C59325DB1382F02813B6">Gondim, Anne Isabelley</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1B2FE56557A4D50307A1B5F02857CD04">Moura, Rafael Bendayan De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A8652655AE76B7B0FE8154BF1156AEEB">Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5577E5CF61DDA91A3A58FFFDE98D690D">Dias, Thelma Lúcia Pereira</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="612713F04E901B1A0BB0049397D9B828">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="C4255B094E16FFCAFF551D4AFBB7FE81" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5971044" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154508480" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5971044" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C4255B094E16FFCAFF551D4AFBB7FE81" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C4255B094E16FFCAFF551D4AFBB7FE81" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<subSubSection id="0496B9944E16FFC8FF551D4AFDC2F929" box="[151,598,1661,1687]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E16FFC8FF551D4AFDC2F929" blockId="37.[151,598,1661,1720]" box="[151,598,1661,1687]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<heading id="177B5D734E16FFC8FF551D4AFDC2F929" bold="true" box="[151,598,1661,1687]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E16FFC8FF551D4AFDC2F929" authority="(Leske, 1778)" baseAuthorityName="Leske" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[151,598,1661,1687]" class="Echinoidea" family="Mellitidae" genus="Leodia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sexiesperforata">
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<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E16FFC8FF551D4AFDC2F929" bold="true" box="[151,598,1661,1687]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E16FFC8FF551D4AFE3DF929" bold="true" box="[151,425,1661,1687]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Leodia sexiesperforata</emphasis>
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(
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||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E16FFC8FE7A1D4AFDDAF929" author="Leske, N. G." box="[440,590,1661,1687]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refId="ref57039" refString="Leske, N. G. (1778) Iacobi Theodori Klein naturalis dispositio echinodermatum. Accesserunt lucubratiuncula de aculeis echinorum marinorum et spicilegium de belemnitis. Edita et descriptionibus novisque inventis et synonymis auctorem aucta. Officina Gleditschiana, Lipsiae, 278 pp." type="book" year="1778">Leske, 1778</bibRefCitation>
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)
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0496B9944E16FFC8FF551DA8FD12F946" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="description">
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<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E16FFC8FF551DA8FE04F906" blockId="37.[151,598,1661,1720]" box="[151,400,1695,1720]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E16FFC8FF551DA8FE9AF906" box="[151,270,1695,1720]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1305,1327]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,375,1283]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,375,1283]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 13. Morphological characters of Leodia sexiesperforata (UFPB/ECH.1013). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view, with small bivalve associated with lunule (arrow); (C) Aboral view of naked test; (D) Oral view of naked test; (E) Detail of peristome; (F) Bidentate pedicellariae; (G) Illustration of miliary spine from Mooi (1989); (H) Apical system." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612590/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Figures 13</figureCitation>
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A–H, 18 G
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E16FFC8FF551DD5FD12F946" blockId="37.[151,1437,1762,2030]" box="[151,646,1762,1784]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E16FFC8FF551DD5FE5EF946" box="[151,458,1762,1784]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Echinodiscus sexiesperforatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E16FFC8FE121DD5FDC4F946" author="Leske, N. G." box="[464,592,1762,1784]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refId="ref57039" refString="Leske, N. G. (1778) Iacobi Theodori Klein naturalis dispositio echinodermatum. Accesserunt lucubratiuncula de aculeis echinorum marinorum et spicilegium de belemnitis. Edita et descriptionibus novisque inventis et synonymis auctorem aucta. Officina Gleditschiana, Lipsiae, 278 pp." type="book" year="1778">Leske, 1778</bibRefCitation>
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: 199.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="0496B9944E16FFC8FF551C36FCE9F853" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E16FFC8FF551C36FD9FF8A9" blockId="37.[151,1437,1762,2030]" box="[151,523,1793,1815]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="6C9CCD314E16FFC8FF551C36FD9FF8A9" box="[151,523,1793,1815]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E16FFC8FF551C36FD92F8A9" authority="Rathbun, 1879: 144" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityPageNumber="144" authorityYear="1879" box="[151,518,1793,1815]" class="Echinoidea" family="Mellitidae" genus="Mellita" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sexforis">
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<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E16FFC8FF551C36FEA1F8A9" box="[151,309,1793,1815]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Mellita sexforis</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E16FFC8FEF91C36FD92F8A9" author="Rathbun, R." box="[315,518,1793,1815]" page="144" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="1879">
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<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E16FFC8FEF91C36FE47F8A9" author="Rathbun, R." box="[315,467,1793,1815]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="139 - 151" refId="ref62391" refString="Rathbun, R. (1879) A list of the Brazilian echinoderms, with notes on their distribution, etc. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 5, 139 - 151." type="journal article" year="1879">Rathbun, 1879</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 144
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E16FFC8FF551C28FAD3F88B" blockId="37.[151,1437,1762,2030]" box="[151,1351,1823,1846]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="6C9CCD314E16FFC8FF551C28FAD3F88B" box="[151,1351,1823,1846]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E16FFC8FF551C28FDA8F88B" authority="Jackson, 1912: 18" authorityName="Jackson" authorityPageNumber="18" authorityYear="1912" box="[151,572,1823,1845]" class="Echinoidea" family="Mellitidae" genus="Mellita" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sexiesperforata">
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<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E16FFC8FF551C28FE17F88B" box="[151,387,1823,1845]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Mellita sexiesperforata</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E16FFC8FE4B1C28FDA8F88B" author="Jackson, R. T." box="[393,572,1823,1845]" page="18" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="1912">
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<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E16FFC8FE4B1C28FD8FF88B" author="Jackson, R. T." box="[393,539,1823,1845]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 491" refId="ref55279" refString="Jackson, R. T. (1912) Phylogeny of the Echini with a revision of Palaeozoic species. Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, 7, 1 - 491. Available from: https: // archive. org / details / phylogenyofechini 1912 jack (accessed 4 September 2016)." type="journal article" year="1912">Jackson, 1912</bibRefCitation>
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: 18
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
.―
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<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E16FFC8FD981C28FCA5F88B" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[602,817,1823,1845]" page="602" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="1959">
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<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E16FFC8FD981C28FD6BF88B" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[602,767,1823,1845]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="601 - 604" refId="ref65188" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1959) Equinodermas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. I-Crinoidea, Asteroidea, Echinoidea e Holothuroidea da regiao compreendida entre o Cabo dos Buzios e Cabo Frio. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 31 (4), 601 - 604." type="journal article" year="1959">Tommasi, 1959</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 602
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, 603; 1966b: 241–242.―
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E16FFC8FBF01C28FAD7F88B" author="Magalhaes, W. F. & Martins, L. R. & Alves, O. F. S." box="[1074,1347,1823,1846]" page="63" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="2005">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E16FFC8FBF01C28FA89F88B" author="Magalhaes, W. F. & Martins, L. R. & Alves, O. F. S." box="[1074,1309,1823,1846]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="375 - 381" refId="ref58552" refString="Magalhaes, W. F., Martins, L. R. & Alves, O. F. S. (2005) Inventario dos Echinodermata do Estado da Bahia. Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology, 40, 375 - 381. https: // doi. org / 10.14210 / bjast. v 9 n 1. p 61 - 65" type="journal article" year="2005">
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Magalhães
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<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E16FFC8FB6A1C16FB4FF88B" box="[1192,1243,1823,1846]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">et al.</emphasis>
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||
, 2005
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 63
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E16FFC8FF551C09FCE5F8EA" blockId="37.[151,1437,1762,2030]" box="[151,881,1854,1876]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="6C9CCD314E16FFC8FF551C09FCE5F8EA" box="[151,881,1854,1876]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E16FFC8FF551C09FDBAF8EA" authority="Bernasconi, 1947: 104" authorityName="Bernasconi" authorityPageNumber="104" authorityYear="1947" box="[151,558,1854,1876]" class="Echinoidea" family="Mellitidae" genus="Mellita" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="platensis">
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||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E16FFC8FF551C09FED4F8EA" box="[151,320,1854,1876]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Mellita platensis</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E16FFC8FE851C09FDBAF8EA" author="Bernasconi, I." box="[327,558,1854,1876]" page="104" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="1947">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E16FFC8FE851C09FE6FF8EA" author="Bernasconi, I." box="[327,507,1854,1876]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="97 - 114" refId="ref47823" refString="Bernasconi, I. (1947) Distribucion geografica de los equinoideos argentinos. GAEA, 8, 97 - 114." type="journal article" year="1947">Bernasconi, 1947</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 104
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
; 1956: 124–125, pl. 2, figs 5–6.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E16FFC8FF551C6AFEF0F82C" blockId="37.[151,1437,1762,2030]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="6C9CCD314E16FFC8FF551C6AFEF0F82C" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E16FFC8FF551C6AFDEAF8CD" authority="Brito, 1960 a: 8" authorityName="Brito" authorityPageNumber="8" authorityYear="1960" box="[151,638,1885,1907]" class="Echinoidea" family="Mellitidae" genus="Mellita" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sexiesperforata" subGenus="Leodia">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E16FFC8FF551C6AFF74F8CD" box="[151,224,1885,1907]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Mellita</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E16FFC8FF2C1C6AFEA0F8CD" box="[238,308,1885,1907]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Leodia</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E16FFC8FE811C6AFE4BF8CD" box="[323,479,1885,1907]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">sexiesperforata</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E16FFC8FE271C6AFDEAF8CD" author="Brito, I. M." box="[485,638,1885,1907]" page="8" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="1960">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E16FFC8FE271C6AFDFCF8CD" author="Brito, I. M." box="[485,616,1885,1907]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref48557" refString="Brito, I. M. (1960 a) Clypeasteroides do Rio de Janeiro. Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos, 3, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1960">Brito, 1960a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 8
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fig. 2–d, fig. 3–b.―
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E16FFC8FC8D1C6AFB8BF8CD" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[847,1055,1885,1907]" page="25" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="1966">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E16FFC8FC8D1C6AFC6AF8CD" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[847,1022,1885,1907]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 50" refId="ref65269" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1966 a) Lista dos Equinoides recentes do Brasil. Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Serie Oceanografia Biologica, 11, 1 - 50." type="journal article" year="1966">Tommasi, 1966a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 25
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.―
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E16FFC8FBFE1C6AFA88F8CD" author="Lima-Verde, J. S." box="[1084,1308,1885,1907]" page="10" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="1969">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E16FFC8FBFE1C6AFB6FF8CD" author="Lima-Verde, J. S." box="[1084,1275,1885,1907]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="9 - 13" refId="ref57752" refString="Lima-Verde, J. S. (1969) Primeira contribuicao ao inventario dos Echinodermas do nordeste Brasileiro. Arquivos de Ciencias do Mar, 9 (1), 9 - 13." type="journal article" year="1969">Lima-Verde, 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 10
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.―
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E16FFC8FAFB1C6AFEF4F82C" author="Tommasi, L. R. & Castro, S. M. & Sousa, E. C. P. M." page="5" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="1988">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E16FFC8FAFB1C6AFEDCF82C" author="Tommasi, L. R. & Castro, S. M. & Sousa, E. C. P. M." pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref65618" refString="Tommasi, L. R., Castro, S. M. & Sousa, E. C. P. M. (1988 a) Echinodermata coletados durante as campanhas oceanograficas do N / Oc. " Almirante Saldanha " no Atlantico Sul Ocidental. Relatorios Internos do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 21, 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1988">
|
||
Tommasi
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E16FFC8FF051C4AFF6EF82C" box="[199,250,1916,1938]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1988a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 5
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E16FFC8FF551CADFCE9F853" blockId="37.[151,1437,1762,2030]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="6C9CCD314E16FFC8FF551CADFCE9F853" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E16FFC8FF551CADFD8DF80E" authority="Brito, 1962: 6" authorityName="Brito" authorityPageNumber="6" authorityYear="1962" box="[151,537,1946,1968]" class="Echinoidea" family="Mellitidae" genus="Leodia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sexiesperforata">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E16FFC8FF551CADFE14F80E" box="[151,384,1946,1968]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Leodia sexiesperforata</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E16FFC8FE451CADFD8DF80E" author="Brito, I. M." box="[391,537,1946,1968]" page="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="1962">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E16FFC8FE451CADFE6BF80E" author="Brito, I. M." box="[391,511,1946,1968]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref48633" refString="Brito, I. M. (1962) Ensaio de Catalogo dos Equinodermas do Brasil. Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos, 13, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1962">Brito, 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 6
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 1968: 28–29, pl. 14, figs 4–5.―
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E16FFC8FCA81CADFB34F80E" author="Alves, O. F. S. & Cerqueira, W. R. P." box="[874,1184,1946,1968]" page="547" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="2000">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E16FFC8FCA81CADFBE5F80E" author="Alves, O. F. S. & Cerqueira, W. R. P." box="[874,1137,1946,1968]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="543 - 553" refId="ref47266" refString="Alves, O. F. S. & Cerqueira, W. R. P. (2000) Echinodermata das praias de Salvador (Bahia, Brasil). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 17 (2), 543 - 553. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81752000000200024" type="journal article" year="2000">Alves & Cerqueira, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 547
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.―
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E16FFC8FB7F1CADFF79F871" author="Ventura, C. R. R. & Verissimo, I. & Nobre, C. C. & Zama, P. C." page="249" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="2007">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E16FFC8FB7F1CADFA0CF80E" author="Ventura, C. R. R. & Verissimo, I. & Nobre, C. C. & Zama, P. C." box="[1213,1432,1946,1968]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="217 - 258" refId="ref66833" refString="Ventura, C. R. R., Verissimo, I., Nobre, C. C. & Zama, P. C. (2007 a). Filo Echinodermata. In: Lavrado, H. P. & Viana, M. S. (Eds.), Atlas de Invertebrados Marinhos da regiao central da Zona Economica Exclusiva brasileira. Parte 1. Serie Livros 25. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 217 - 258." type="book chapter" year="2007">
|
||
Ventura
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E16FFC8FAD41CACFADEF80E" box="[1302,1354,1946,1968]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2007a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 249
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.―
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E16FFC8FEC81C8EFD8DF871" author="Gondim, A. I. & Lacouth, P. & Alonso, C. & Manso, C. L. C." box="[266,537,1977,1999]" page="155" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="2008">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E16FFC8FEC81C8EFE72F871" author="Gondim, A. I. & Lacouth, P. & Alonso, C. & Manso, C. L. C." box="[266,486,1977,1999]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="151 - 159" refId="ref54236" refString="Gondim, A. I., Lacouth, P., Alonso, C. & Manso, C. L. C. (2008) Echinodermata da praia do Cabo Branco, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brasil. Biota Neotropica, 8 (2), 151 - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032008000200016" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Gondim
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E16FFC8FEAB1C8DFE34F871" box="[361,416,1977,1999]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 155
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(table).―
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E16FFC8FD411C8EFC12F871" author="Manso, C. L. C. & Alves, O. F. S. & Martins, L. R." box="[643,902,1977,1999]" page="183" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="2008">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E16FFC8FD411C8EFCC4F871" author="Manso, C. L. C. & Alves, O. F. S. & Martins, L. R." box="[643,848,1977,1999]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="179 - 196" refId="ref58724" refString="Manso, C. L. C., Alves, O. F. S. & Martins, L. R. (2008) Echinodermata da Baia de Todos os Santos e da Baia de Aratu (Bahia, Brasil). Biota Neotropica, 8 (3), 179 - 196. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032008000300017" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Manso
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E16FFC8FD161C8DFC9FF871" box="[724,779,1977,1999]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 183
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, figs 5a–c.―
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E16FFC8FBD21C8EFA86F871" author="Queiroz, V. & Sales, L. & Neves, E. & Johnsson, R." box="[1040,1298,1977,1999]" page="65" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="2011">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E16FFC8FBD21C8EFB7FF871" author="Queiroz, V. & Sales, L. & Neves, E. & Johnsson, R." box="[1040,1259,1977,1999]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="63 - 70" refId="ref62252" refString="Queiroz, V., Sales, L., Neves, E. & Johnsson, R. (2011) Dissodactylus crinitichelis Moreira, 1901 and Leodia sexiesperforata (Leske, 1778): first record of this symbiosis in Brazil. Nauplius, 19 (1), 63 - 70. Available from: http: // www. scielo. br / pdf / nau / v 19 n 1 / a 07 v 19 n 1. pdf (accessed 5 August 2017)" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Queiroz
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E16FFC8FBAD1C8DFB32F871" box="[1135,1190,1977,1999]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 65
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–67, figs 1af.―
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E16FFC8FF2F1CE0FE7BF853" author="Miranda, A. L. S. & Lima, M. L. F. & Sovierzoski, H. H. & Correia, M. D." box="[237,495,2007,2030]" page="142" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="2012">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E16FFC8FF2F1CE0FE55F853" author="Miranda, A. L. S. & Lima, M. L. F. & Sovierzoski, H. H. & Correia, M. D." box="[237,449,2007,2030]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="135 - 146" refId="ref59728" refString="Miranda, A. L. S., Lima, M. L. F., Sovierzoski, H. H. & Correia, M. D. (2012) Inventory of the Echinodermata collection from the Universidade Federal de Alagoas. Biota Neotropica, 12 (2), 135 - 146. Available from: http: // www. biotaneotropica. org. br / v 12 n 2 / en / abstract? inventory + bn 00812022012 (accessed 1 Agust 2012)" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8E4824FD4E16FFC8FF2F1CE0FED0F853" box="[237,324,2007,2029]" country="Venezuela" name="Miranda" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Miranda</collectingRegion>
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E16FFC8FE891CEEFEEAF853" box="[331,382,2007,2030]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 142
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E16FFC8FDC21CE0FC94F853" author="Martins, L. & Souto, C. & Braga, J. & Tavares, M." box="[512,768,2007,2030]" page="534" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="2018">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E16FFC8FDC21CE0FD5AF853" author="Martins, L. & Souto, C. & Braga, J. & Tavares, M." box="[512,718,2007,2030]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="521 - 555" refId="ref59121" refString="Martins, L., Souto, C., Braga, J. & Tavares, M. (2018) Echinoidea and Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) of the Trindade and Martin Vaz Archipelago, off Brazil, with new records and remarks on taxonomy and species composition. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 98 (3), 521 - 555. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315416001569" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Martins
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E16FFC8FD9A1CEEFD1FF853" box="[600,651,2007,2030]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 534
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, figs 12–13.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0496B9944E15FFCBFF551B8BFB47FE6E" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E15FFCBFF551B8BFB47FE6E" blockId="38.[151,1437,188,2013]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E15FFCBFF551B8BFE15FF6B" bold="true" box="[151,385,188,213]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
Rio Grande do Norte: 3 spms, Ponta do Rio Tubarão, in front of the cliffs of Chico Martins, Diogo Lopes,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E15FFCBFEF51BD7FE12FF49" box="[311,390,224,247]" name="Macao" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Macau</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="3832CCDF4E15FFCBFE501BD7FD92FF46" box="[402,518,224,248]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2011-02-02">02.II.2011</date>
|
||
[UFPB/ECH.1893]; 5 spms, Ponta do Rio Tubarão, in front of the cliffs of Chico Martins, Diogo Lopes,
|
||
<date id="3832CCDF4E15FFCBFE661A33FD8CFEA2" box="[420,536,260,284]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2011-02-01">01.II.2011</date>
|
||
[UFPB/ECH.1915]. Paraíba: 1 spm, Baía da Traição Beach, Baía da Traição,
|
||
<date id="3832CCDF4E15FFCBFF551A1FFE83FEFE" box="[151,279,296,320]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2007-11-24">24.XI.2007</date>
|
||
[UFPB/ECH.1013]; 1 spm, Baía da Traição Beach, Baía da Traição,
|
||
<date id="3832CCDF4E15FFCBFBEF1A10FB34FEFE" box="[1069,1184,295,320]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2008-05-05">05.V.2008</date>
|
||
[UFPB/ECH.1165]; 1 spm,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E15FFCBFF161A7BFEC4FEDB" box="[212,336,332,357]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" precision="1" value="-6.93565">6°56.139′S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E15FFCBFE951A7BFE78FEDB" box="[343,492,332,357]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" precision="1" value="-34.823185">34°49.391′W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, Porto Project, Cabedelo,
|
||
<date id="3832CCDF4E15FFCBFCD01A7BFC13FEDA" box="[786,903,332,356]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2004-02-09">09.II.2004</date>
|
||
[UFPB/ECH.1297]; 1 spm, Ponta de Campina, Cabedelo,
|
||
<date id="3832CCDF4E15FFCBFED51A47FE03FE36" box="[279,407,368,392]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1983-11-20">20.XI.1983</date>
|
||
[UFPB/ECH.1303]; 1 spm, reefs facing Ponta de Campina, Poço Beach, Cabedelo,
|
||
<date id="3832CCDF4E15FFCBFF551AA3FE9FFE12" box="[151,267,404,428]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2010-02-28">28.II.2010</date>
|
||
[UFPB/ECH.1921]. Alagoas: 1 spm, Francês Beach, Marechal Deodoro,
|
||
<date id="3832CCDF4E15FFCBFB891AA3FB22FE12" box="[1099,1206,404,428]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1983-01-29">29.I.1983</date>
|
||
[UFPB/ECH.1307]. Bahia: 1 spm, Ponta da Coroa Vermelha, Santa Cruz da Cabrália,
|
||
<date id="3832CCDF4E15FFCBFCB51A8FFC78FE6E" box="[887,1004,440,464]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1982-10-14">14.X.1982</date>
|
||
[UFPB/ECH.1302].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0496B9944E15FFCBFF051AEBFBFDFBC3" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E15FFCBFF051AEBFEF4FC76" blockId="38.[151,1437,188,2013]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E15FFCBFF051AEBFECDFE4B" bold="true" box="[199,345,476,501]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Test slightly pentagonal in outline (TL =
|
||
<quantity id="8B7447FA4E15FFCBFCFE1AEBFC04FE4A" box="[828,912,476,500]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="84.0">84 mm</quantity>
|
||
; TW =
|
||
<quantity id="8B7447FA4E15FFCBFC291AEBFBABFE4A" box="[1003,1087,476,500]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="79.0">79 mm</quantity>
|
||
), discoidal, fragile, with slight elevation in centre, ambitus extremely thin and sharp (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E15FFCBFCD21AC8FCF5FDA6" box="[784,865,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1305,1327]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,375,1283]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,375,1283]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 13. Morphological characters of Leodia sexiesperforata (UFPB/ECH.1013). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view, with small bivalve associated with lunule (arrow); (C) Aboral view of naked test; (D) Oral view of naked test; (E) Detail of peristome; (F) Bidentate pedicellariae; (G) Illustration of miliary spine from Mooi (1989); (H) Apical system." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612590/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
A–D). Apical system monobasal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E15FFCBFB2E1AC8FAC2FDA6" box="[1260,1366,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1305,1327]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,375,1283]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,375,1283]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 13. Morphological characters of Leodia sexiesperforata (UFPB/ECH.1013). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view, with small bivalve associated with lunule (arrow); (C) Aboral view of naked test; (D) Oral view of naked test; (E) Detail of peristome; (F) Bidentate pedicellariae; (G) Illustration of miliary spine from Mooi (1989); (H) Apical system." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612590/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 13H</figureCitation>
|
||
), four gonopores (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E15FFCBFED91913FE10FD82" box="[283,388,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1305,1327]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,375,1283]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,375,1283]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 13. Morphological characters of Leodia sexiesperforata (UFPB/ECH.1013). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view, with small bivalve associated with lunule (arrow); (C) Aboral view of naked test; (D) Oral view of naked test; (E) Detail of peristome; (F) Bidentate pedicellariae; (G) Illustration of miliary spine from Mooi (1989); (H) Apical system." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612590/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 13H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Petaloid small, occupying only central region of test (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E15FFCBFC371913FBEBFD82" box="[1013,1151,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1305,1327]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,375,1283]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,375,1283]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 13. Morphological characters of Leodia sexiesperforata (UFPB/ECH.1013). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view, with small bivalve associated with lunule (arrow); (C) Aboral view of naked test; (D) Oral view of naked test; (E) Detail of peristome; (F) Bidentate pedicellariae; (G) Illustration of miliary spine from Mooi (1989); (H) Apical system." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612590/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 13C, H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Posterior petals slightly longer than anterior ones (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E15FFCBFE0F1970FDC9FDDE" box="[461,605,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1305,1327]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,375,1283]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,375,1283]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 13. Morphological characters of Leodia sexiesperforata (UFPB/ECH.1013). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view, with small bivalve associated with lunule (arrow); (C) Aboral view of naked test; (D) Oral view of naked test; (E) Detail of peristome; (F) Bidentate pedicellariae; (G) Illustration of miliary spine from Mooi (1989); (H) Apical system." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612590/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 13A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Six long, slit-like lunules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E15FFCBFC6C1970FB94FDDE" box="[942,1024,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1305,1327]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,375,1283]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,375,1283]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 13. Morphological characters of Leodia sexiesperforata (UFPB/ECH.1013). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view, with small bivalve associated with lunule (arrow); (C) Aboral view of naked test; (D) Oral view of naked test; (E) Detail of peristome; (F) Bidentate pedicellariae; (G) Illustration of miliary spine from Mooi (1989); (H) Apical system." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612590/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C), anal lunule shorter than five ambulacral ones (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E15FFCBFEA3195BFE7AFD3A" box="[353,494,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1305,1327]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,375,1283]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,375,1283]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 13. Morphological characters of Leodia sexiesperforata (UFPB/ECH.1013). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view, with small bivalve associated with lunule (arrow); (C) Aboral view of naked test; (D) Oral view of naked test; (E) Detail of peristome; (F) Bidentate pedicellariae; (G) Illustration of miliary spine from Mooi (1989); (H) Apical system." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612590/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 13A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Aboral primary spines strongly club-shaped, uniformly covering test (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E15FFCBFAE7195BFA04FD3A" box="[1317,1424,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1305,1327]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,375,1283]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,375,1283]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 13. Morphological characters of Leodia sexiesperforata (UFPB/ECH.1013). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view, with small bivalve associated with lunule (arrow); (C) Aboral view of naked test; (D) Oral view of naked test; (E) Detail of peristome; (F) Bidentate pedicellariae; (G) Illustration of miliary spine from Mooi (1989); (H) Apical system." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612590/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 13A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Miliary spines with sac-like structure on tip, densely scattered among primary spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E15FFCBFB9E19B8FB50FD16" box="[1116,1220,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1305,1327]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,375,1283]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,375,1283]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 13. Morphological characters of Leodia sexiesperforata (UFPB/ECH.1013). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view, with small bivalve associated with lunule (arrow); (C) Aboral view of naked test; (D) Oral view of naked test; (E) Detail of peristome; (F) Bidentate pedicellariae; (G) Illustration of miliary spine from Mooi (1989); (H) Apical system." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612590/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 13G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lunules with two
|
||
<typeStatus id="933754BD4E15FFCBFF551982FF46FD73" box="[151,210,693,717]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of spines, on aboral margin, spines long, flat and slightly curved. Internally, spines are shorter, slenderer than aboral spines, but also slightly curved. Oral surface flat, with locomotory spines long, slender, and slightly curved at base, being largest spines in this region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E15FFCBFDB619CBFD4EFCAA" box="[628,730,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1305,1327]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,375,1283]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,375,1283]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 13. Morphological characters of Leodia sexiesperforata (UFPB/ECH.1013). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view, with small bivalve associated with lunule (arrow); (C) Aboral view of naked test; (D) Oral view of naked test; (E) Detail of peristome; (F) Bidentate pedicellariae; (G) Illustration of miliary spine from Mooi (1989); (H) Apical system." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612590/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Short and slender spines occur among these spines. Spines on ambitus similar to those around lunules. Peristome circular and central (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E15FFCBFC021828FBFDFC86" box="[960,1129,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1305,1327]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,375,1283]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,375,1283]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 13. Morphological characters of Leodia sexiesperforata (UFPB/ECH.1013). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view, with small bivalve associated with lunule (arrow); (C) Aboral view of naked test; (D) Oral view of naked test; (E) Detail of peristome; (F) Bidentate pedicellariae; (G) Illustration of miliary spine from Mooi (1989); (H) Apical system." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612590/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 13B, D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Periproct small, elongate, close to peristome, slightly indenting basicoronal plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E15FFCBFC811873FC48FCE2" box="[835,988,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1305,1327]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,375,1283]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,375,1283]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 13. Morphological characters of Leodia sexiesperforata (UFPB/ECH.1013). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view, with small bivalve associated with lunule (arrow); (C) Aboral view of naked test; (D) Oral view of naked test; (E) Detail of peristome; (F) Bidentate pedicellariae; (G) Illustration of miliary spine from Mooi (1989); (H) Apical system." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612590/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 13B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Basicoronal plates reduced in size. Ambulacral basicoronal plates almost triangular. Pressure drainage channels and food grooves well-developed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E15FFCBFF5D18BBFE93FC1A" box="[159,263,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1305,1327]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,375,1283]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,375,1283]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 13. Morphological characters of Leodia sexiesperforata (UFPB/ECH.1013). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view, with small bivalve associated with lunule (arrow); (C) Aboral view of naked test; (D) Oral view of naked test; (E) Detail of peristome; (F) Bidentate pedicellariae; (G) Illustration of miliary spine from Mooi (1989); (H) Apical system." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612590/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 13D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Food grooves bifurcating after ambulacral basicoronal plates, surrounding lunules and reaching margin of test (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E15FFCBFF291898FEC7FC76" box="[235,339,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1305,1327]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,375,1283]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,375,1283]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 13. Morphological characters of Leodia sexiesperforata (UFPB/ECH.1013). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view, with small bivalve associated with lunule (arrow); (C) Aboral view of naked test; (D) Oral view of naked test; (E) Detail of peristome; (F) Bidentate pedicellariae; (G) Illustration of miliary spine from Mooi (1989); (H) Apical system." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612590/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 13D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E15FFCBFF0518E3FCBAFBE6" blockId="38.[151,1437,188,2013]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E15FFCBFF0518E3FEFCFC53" bold="true" box="[199,360,980,1005]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Pedicellariae.</emphasis>
|
||
Pedicellariae over entire test, more abundant in oral inter and near the lunules, peristome, and periproct. Bidentate pedicellariae with a long neck (of same size or slightly smaller than the stalk) and short head. Valves short, with narrow and slightly curved base, median region enlarged with denticulate margin and two end teeth that cross with the teeth of opposing valve (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E15FFCBFD7F1F08FCB5FBE6" box="[701,801,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1305,1327]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,375,1283]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,375,1283]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 13. Morphological characters of Leodia sexiesperforata (UFPB/ECH.1013). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view, with small bivalve associated with lunule (arrow); (C) Aboral view of naked test; (D) Oral view of naked test; (E) Detail of peristome; (F) Bidentate pedicellariae; (G) Illustration of miliary spine from Mooi (1989); (H) Apical system." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612590/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 13F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E15FFCBFF051F53FBFDFBC3" blockId="38.[151,1437,188,2013]" box="[199,1129,1124,1149]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E15FFCBFF051F53FEB4FBC3" bold="true" box="[199,288,1124,1149]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Colour.</emphasis>
|
||
From yellow to brown or greenish (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E15FFCBFD761F53FC06FBC3" author="Hendler, G. & Miller, J. & Pawson, D. & Porter, K." box="[692,914,1124,1149]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref55076" refString="Hendler, G., Miller, J., Pawson, D. & Porter, K. (1995) Sea Stars, Sea Urchins, and Allies. Echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 390 pp." type="book" year="1995">
|
||
Hendler
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E15FFCBFCD51F52FCDBFBC3" box="[791,847,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Naked test white.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0496B9944E15FFCBFF051FB0FE29FAEA" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E15FFCBFF051FB0FE29FAEA" blockId="38.[151,1437,188,2013]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E15FFCBFF051FB0FEF4FB1E" bold="true" box="[199,352,1159,1184]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
North Carolina,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E15FFCBFDDC1FB0FD13FB1E" box="[542,647,1159,1184]" name="Bahamas" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Florida, Gulf of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E15FFCBFC891FB0FC37FB1E" box="[843,931,1159,1184]" name="Mexico" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E15FFCBFC6D1FB0FC79FB1E" box="[943,1005,1159,1184]" name="Cuba" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E15FFCBFC3A1FB0FBD6FB1E" box="[1016,1090,1159,1184]" name="Belize" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Belize</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E15FFCBFB8C1FB0FB2AFB1E" box="[1102,1214,1159,1184]" name="Honduras" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E15FFCBFB0B1FBFFAC5FB1E" box="[1225,1361,1159,1184]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E15FFCBFA9E1FBFFF59FB7B" name="Costa Rica" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E15FFCBFF1B1F9BFEA2FB7B" box="[217,310,1196,1221]" name="Jamaica" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E15FFCBFE831F9AFE09FB7A" box="[321,413,1197,1220]" name="Panama" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E15FFCBFE6A1F9BFD8AFB7B" box="[424,542,1196,1221]" name="Venezuela" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E15FFCBFDE81F9BFD0FFB7B" box="[554,667,1196,1221]" name="Colombia" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E15FFCBFD651F9BFD7AFB7B" box="[679,750,1196,1221]" name="Brazil" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E15FFCBFCEB1F9AFC1FFB7B" box="[809,907,1197,1221]" name="Uruguay" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E15FFCBFC581F9BFBECFB7B" author="Hendler, G. & Miller, J. & Pawson, D. & Porter, K." box="[922,1144,1196,1221]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref55076" refString="Hendler, G., Miller, J., Pawson, D. & Porter, K. (1995) Sea Stars, Sea Urchins, and Allies. Echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 390 pp." type="book" year="1995">
|
||
Hendler
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E15FFCBFC3F1F9AFBA2FB7B" box="[1021,1078,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E15FFCBFB461F9BFAFAFB7A" author="Alvarado, J. J. & Solis-Marin, F. A. & Ahearn, C." box="[1156,1390,1196,1221]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="37 - 55" refId="ref47222" refString="Alvarado, J. J., Solis-Marin, F. A. & Ahearn, C. (2008) Equinodermos (Echinodermata) del Caribe Centroamericano. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 56 (Supplement 3), 37 - 55." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Alvarado
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E15FFCBFB361F9AFAB8FB7B" box="[1268,1324,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, del
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E15FFCBFF551FF8FE30FB56" author="Valle Garcia, R. & Abreu Perez, M. & Rodriguez, R. & Solis-Marin, F. A. & Laguarda-Figueras, A. & Duran Gonzalez, A. de la" box="[151,420,1231,1256]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="19 - 35" refId="ref51574" refString="del Valle Garcia, R., Abreu Perez, M., Rodriguez, R., Solis-Marin, F. A., Laguarda-Figueras, A. & Duran Gonzalez, A. de la L. (2008) Equinodermos (Echinodermata) del occidente del Archipielago Sabana-Camaguey, Cuba. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 56 (Supplement 3), 19 - 35." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Valle García
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E15FFCBFEE81FE6FEF6FB56" box="[298,354,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E15FFCBFE721FF8FD55FB56" author="Francisco, V. & Pauls, S. M." box="[432,705,1231,1256]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="215 - 228" refId="ref53060" refString="Francisco, V. & Pauls, S. M. (2008) Especies del Orden Clypeasteroida (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) de las costas de Venezuela. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 56 (Supplement 3), 215 - 228. Available from: http: // www. redalyc. org / articulo. oa? id = 44920273011 (accessed 29 August 2017)" type="journal article" year="2008">Francisco & Pauls 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E15FFCBFD0F1FF8FC7AFB56" author="Rodriguez-Barreras, R." box="[717,1006,1231,1256]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref62628" refString="Rodriguez-Barreras, R. (2014) The shallow-water echinoids (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) of Cuba. Marine Biodiversity Records, 7, e 86, 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 175526721400092 X" type="journal article" year="2014">Rodríguez-Barreras 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E15FFCBFBDD1FF8FBF7FB56" box="[1055,1123,1231,1256]" name="Brazil" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
from CE, RN, PB, PE, AL, BA, RJ, SP, including Trindade Islands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E15FFCBFDB01FC3FC8CFAB2" author="Rathbun, R." box="[626,792,1268,1293]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="139 - 151" refId="ref62391" refString="Rathbun, R. (1879) A list of the Brazilian echinoderms, with notes on their distribution, etc. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 5, 139 - 151." type="journal article" year="1879">Rathbun 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E15FFCBFCEA1FC3FC33FAB3" author="Brito, I. M." box="[808,935,1268,1293]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref48633" refString="Brito, I. M. (1962) Ensaio de Catalogo dos Equinodermas do Brasil. Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos, 13, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1962">Brito 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E15FFCBFC741FC3FC65FAB3" author="Brito, I. M." box="[950,1009,1268,1293]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 51" refId="ref48670" refString="Brito, I. M. (1968) Asteroides e Equinoides do Estado da Guanabara e Adjacencias. Boletim do Museu Nacional, 260, 1 - 51." type="journal article" year="1968">1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E15FFCBFBC21FC3FB29FAB3" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[1024,1213,1268,1293]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="239 - 246" refId="ref65301" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1966 b) Distribuicao geografica de alguns Equinodermas do Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 26 (3), 239 - 246." type="journal article" year="1966">Tommasi 1966b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E15FFCBFB0E1FC3FA03FAB3" author="Lima-Verde, J. S." box="[1228,1431,1268,1293]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="9 - 13" refId="ref57752" refString="Lima-Verde, J. S. (1969) Primeira contribuicao ao inventario dos Echinodermas do nordeste Brasileiro. Arquivos de Ciencias do Mar, 9 (1), 9 - 13." type="journal article" year="1969">Lima-Verde 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E15FFCBFF551E20FE0DFA8E" author="Magalhaes, W. F. & Martins, L. R. & Alves, O. F. S." box="[151,409,1303,1328]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="375 - 381" refId="ref58552" refString="Magalhaes, W. F., Martins, L. R. & Alves, O. F. S. (2005) Inventario dos Echinodermata do Estado da Bahia. Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology, 40, 375 - 381. https: // doi. org / 10.14210 / bjast. v 9 n 1. p 61 - 65" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Magalhães
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E15FFCBFEDB1E2EFEC0FA8E" box="[281,340,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E15FFCBFE641E20FD1EFA8E" author="Gondim, A. I. & Lacouth, P. & Alonso, C. & Manso, C. L. C." box="[422,650,1303,1328]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="151 - 159" refId="ref54236" refString="Gondim, A. I., Lacouth, P., Alonso, C. & Manso, C. L. C. (2008) Echinodermata da praia do Cabo Branco, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brasil. Biota Neotropica, 8 (2), 151 - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032008000200016" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Gondim
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E15FFCBFDCE1E2EFDD2FA8E" box="[524,582,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E15FFCBFD5A1E2FFCF9FA8E" author="Manso, C. L. C. & Alves, O. F. S. & Martins, L. R." box="[664,877,1303,1328]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="179 - 196" refId="ref58724" refString="Manso, C. L. C., Alves, O. F. S. & Martins, L. R. (2008) Echinodermata da Baia de Todos os Santos e da Baia de Aratu (Bahia, Brasil). Biota Neotropica, 8 (3), 179 - 196. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032008000300017" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Manso
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E15FFCBFD2C1E2EFCBDFA8E" box="[750,809,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E15FFCBFCB91E20FBC8FA8E" author="Martins, L. & Souto, C. & Braga, J. & Tavares, M." box="[891,1116,1303,1328]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="521 - 555" refId="ref59121" refString="Martins, L., Souto, C., Braga, J. & Tavares, M. (2018) Echinoidea and Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) of the Trindade and Martin Vaz Archipelago, off Brazil, with new records and remarks on taxonomy and species composition. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 98 (3), 521 - 555. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315416001569" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Martins
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E15FFCBFC1E1E2EFB82FA8E" box="[988,1046,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). From depths of
|
||
<quantity id="8B7447FA4E15FFCBFAE81E2FFA08FA91" box="[1322,1436,1304,1328]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="0.0">0 to 30 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E15FFCBFF5C1E0BFE26FAEA" author="Francisco, V. & Pauls, S. M." box="[158,434,1340,1365]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="215 - 228" refId="ref53060" refString="Francisco, V. & Pauls, S. M. (2008) Especies del Orden Clypeasteroida (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) de las costas de Venezuela. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 56 (Supplement 3), 215 - 228. Available from: http: // www. redalyc. org / articulo. oa? id = 44920273011 (accessed 29 August 2017)" type="journal article" year="2008">Francisco & Pauls 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0496B9944E15FFCAFF051E68FBB7FE81" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E15FFCBFF051E68FAE9F8F3" blockId="38.[151,1437,188,2013]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E15FFCBFF051E68FEAFFAC6" bold="true" box="[199,315,1375,1400]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The genus
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E15FFCBFE011E68FD85FAC6" box="[451,529,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Leodia</emphasis>
|
||
is represented by a single extant species. The status of this genus has been the subject of some dispute (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E15FFCBFE751EB3FD57FA22" author="Mooi, R. & Peterson, D." box="[439,707,1412,1437]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1083 - 1092" refId="ref60221" refString="Mooi, R. & Peterson, D. (2000) A new species of Leodia (Clypeasteroida: Echinoidea) from the Neogene of Venezuela and its importance in the phylogeny of mellitid sand dollars. Journal of Paleontology, 74 (6), 1083 - 1092. Available from: http: // www. jstor. org / stable / 1306965 (accessed 5 Agust 2016)" type="journal article" year="2000">Mooi & Peterson 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), having been for many years considered to be a synonym or a subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E15FFCBFEE71E90FEE2FA7E" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1841" box="[293,374,1447,1472]" class="Echinoidea" family="Mellitidae" genus="Mellita" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E15FFCBFEE71E90FEE2FA7E" box="[293,374,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Mellita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Among the features that were used to separate these genera were the process of development and the number of the lunules (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E15FFCBFE3B1EFBFC99FA5A" author="Lambert, J. M. & Thiery, P." box="[505,781,1484,1509]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="321 - 384" refId="ref56715" refString="Lambert, J. M. & Thiery, P. (1921) Essai de nomenclature raisonnee des Echinides. Vol. 5. Chaumont, Paris, 64 pp. [pp. 321 - 384]" type="book chapter" year="1921">Lambert & Thiéry 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E15FFCBFCD81EFAFC77FA5A" author="Clark, H. L." box="[794,995,1484,1509]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="435 - 444" refId="ref50359" refString="Clark, H. L. (1940 a) A revision of the keyhole urchins (Mellita). Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 89 (3099), 435 - 444. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.89 - 3099.435" type="journal article" year="1940">H.L. Clark 1940a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E15FFCBFC2D1EFAFB2CFA5A" author="Mortensen, T." box="[1007,1208,1484,1508]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref61049" refString="Mortensen, T. (1948 a) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. Vol. IV (2). Clypeasteroida. Clypeasteroidae, Arachnoididae, Fibulariidae, Laganidae and Scutellidae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagem, 471 pp." type="book" year="1948">Mortensen 1948a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E15FFCBFA821EFBFF75F9B6" author="Durham, J. W." pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="73 - 198" refId="ref52240" refString="Durham, J. W. (1955) Classification of Clypeasteroid echinoids. Publications of the University of California at Los Angeles in Biological Sciences, 31, 73 - 198. Available from: https: // archive. org / stream / classificati 00 durh # page / n 5 / mode / 2 up (accessed 29 August 2017)" type="journal article" year="1955">Durham (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
pointed out some important differences between
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E15FFCBFCD61ED8FCF6F9B6" box="[788,866,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Leodia</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E15FFCBFC591ED8FC78F9B6" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1841" box="[923,1004,1519,1544]" class="Echinoidea" family="Mellitidae" genus="Mellita" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E15FFCBFC591ED8FC78F9B6" box="[923,1004,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Mellita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that did not rely on lunule number. A series of authors recognized the distinction of these genera (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E15FFCBFCA21D23FC69F993" author="Durham, J. W." box="[864,1021,1556,1581]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="73 - 198" refId="ref52240" refString="Durham, J. W. (1955) Classification of Clypeasteroid echinoids. Publications of the University of California at Los Angeles in Biological Sciences, 31, 73 - 198. Available from: https: // archive. org / stream / classificati 00 durh # page / n 5 / mode / 2 up (accessed 29 August 2017)" type="journal article" year="1955">Durham 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E15FFCBFBCA1D23FB07F992" author="Serafy, D. K." box="[1032,1171,1556,1581]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref63320" refString="Serafy, D. K. (1979) Memoirs of the Hourglass Cruises. V (III): Echinoids (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). Florida Department of Natural Resources, St. Petersburg, Florida, 120 pp." type="book" year="1979">Serafy 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E15FFCBFB5C1D23FA88F992" author="Mooi, R." box="[1182,1308,1556,1581]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 50" refId="ref60027" refString="Mooi, R. (1989) Living and fossil genera of the Clypeasteroida (Echinoidea: Echinodermata): An illustrated key and annotated checklist. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 488, 1 - 50. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.488" type="journal article" year="1989">Mooi 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E15FFCBFAE51D23FF62F9EE" author="Hendler, G. & Miller, J. & Pawson, D. & Porter, K." pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref55076" refString="Hendler, G., Miller, J., Pawson, D. & Porter, K. (1995) Sea Stars, Sea Urchins, and Allies. Echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 390 pp." type="book" year="1995">
|
||
Hendler
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E15FFCBFA4A1D22FF20F9EE" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E15FFCBFEC31D00FE37F9EE" author="Coppard, S. E." box="[257,419,1591,1616]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="158 - 166" refId="ref50777" refString="Coppard, S. E. (2016) A new genus of mellitid sand dollars (Echinoidea: Mellitidae) from the eastern Pacific coast of the Americas. Zootaxa, 4111 (2), 158 - 166. http: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4111.2.4" type="journal article" year="2016">Coppard 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and phylogenetic studies support this view (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E15FFCBFC5F1D00FB36F9EE" author="Mooi, R. & Peterson, D." box="[925,1186,1591,1616]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1083 - 1092" refId="ref60221" refString="Mooi, R. & Peterson, D. (2000) A new species of Leodia (Clypeasteroida: Echinoidea) from the Neogene of Venezuela and its importance in the phylogeny of mellitid sand dollars. Journal of Paleontology, 74 (6), 1083 - 1092. Available from: http: // www. jstor. org / stable / 1306965 (accessed 5 Agust 2016)" type="journal article" year="2000">Mooi & Peterson 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E15FFCBFB6F1D00FA05F9EE" author="Coppard, S. E. & Zigler, K. S. & Lessios, H. A." box="[1197,1425,1591,1616]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1033 - 1042" refId="ref51123" refString="Coppard, S. E., Zigler, K. S. & Lessios, H. A. (2013) Phylogeography of the sand dollar genus Mellita: Cryptic speciation along the coasts of the Americas. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 69, 1033 - 1042. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2013.05.028" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Coppard
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E15FFCBFAD61D0EFAD9F9EE" box="[1300,1357,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E15FFCBFF551D6BFE0AF9CA" authorityName="Brito" authorityYear="1962" box="[151,414,1628,1653]" class="Echinoidea" family="Mellitidae" genus="Leodia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sexiesperforata">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E15FFCBFF551D6BFE0AF9CA" box="[151,414,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Leodia sexiesperforata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E15FFCBFC9D1D6BFC24F9CB" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1841" box="[863,944,1628,1653]" class="Echinoidea" family="Mellitidae" genus="Mellita" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E15FFCBFC9D1D6BFC24F9CB" box="[863,944,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Mellita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the slightly pentagonal outline of the strongly flattened test, and very narrow lunules.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E15FFCBFD701D48FCA1F926" author="Kier, P. M." box="[690,821,1663,1688]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 63" refId="ref55699" refString="Kier, P. M. (1963) Tertiary echinoids from the Caloosahatchee and Tamiami Formations of Florida. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 145 (5), 1 - 63. Available from: https: // repository. si. edu / handle / 10088 / 23786 (accessed 29 September 2009)" type="journal article" year="1963">Kier (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E15FFCBFCA91D48FBE9F926" author="Mooi, R. & Peterson, D." box="[875,1149,1663,1688]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1083 - 1092" refId="ref60221" refString="Mooi, R. & Peterson, D. (2000) A new species of Leodia (Clypeasteroida: Echinoidea) from the Neogene of Venezuela and its importance in the phylogeny of mellitid sand dollars. Journal of Paleontology, 74 (6), 1083 - 1092. Available from: http: // www. jstor. org / stable / 1306965 (accessed 5 Agust 2016)" type="journal article" year="2000">Mooi & Peterson (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included other characters that are also used for distinguishing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E15FFCBFDFC1D92FC9FF902" authorityName="Brito" authorityYear="1962" box="[574,779,1700,1724]" class="Echinoidea" family="Mellitidae" genus="Leodia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sexiesperforata">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E15FFCBFDFC1D92FC9FF902" box="[574,779,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">L. sexiesperforata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from living representatives of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E15FFCBFBB61D93FB51F903" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1841" box="[1140,1221,1700,1725]" class="Echinoidea" family="Mellitidae" genus="Mellita" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E15FFCBFBB61D93FB51F903" box="[1140,1221,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Mellita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, for example: five ambulacral lunules, posterior lunule not extending far anteriorly between posterior petals, and interambulacral basicoronal plates separated from first interambulacral post-basicoronals by two plates of each adjoining ambulacrum. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E15FFCBFE0C1C38FD72F896" author="Mooi, R. & Peterson, D." box="[462,742,1807,1832]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1083 - 1092" refId="ref60221" refString="Mooi, R. & Peterson, D. (2000) A new species of Leodia (Clypeasteroida: Echinoidea) from the Neogene of Venezuela and its importance in the phylogeny of mellitid sand dollars. Journal of Paleontology, 74 (6), 1083 - 1092. Available from: http: // www. jstor. org / stable / 1306965 (accessed 5 Agust 2016)" type="journal article" year="2000">Mooi & Peterson (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, extant
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E15FFCBFCFD1C38FC19F896" box="[831,909,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Leodia</emphasis>
|
||
have aboral primary spines with smooth, very strongly club-shaped tips that are more markedly bent and swollen than those found in any other living mellitid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E15FFCAFF051C60FBB7FE81" blockId="38.[151,1437,188,2013]" lastBlockId="39.[151,1437,151,320]" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E15FFCBFF051C60FE06F8CE" bold="true" box="[199,402,1879,1904]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Ecological notes.</emphasis>
|
||
This species lives in sandy areas with little or no vegetation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E15FFCBFBAC1C60FAC3F8CE" author="Hendler, G. & Miller, J. & Pawson, D. & Porter, K." box="[1134,1367,1879,1904]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref55076" refString="Hendler, G., Miller, J., Pawson, D. & Porter, K. (1995) Sea Stars, Sea Urchins, and Allies. Echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 390 pp." type="book" year="1995">
|
||
Hendler
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E15FFCBFB161C6EFA84F8CE" box="[1236,1296,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is usually uncommon along the northeastern littoral, yet some sandy beaches may contain significant population densities of this species, as observed in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E15FFCBFD931C96FD09F806" box="[593,669,1953,1976]" name="Macao" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Macau</collectingCountry>
|
||
(State of Rio Grande do Norte) and Lucena (State of Paraíba). In the present study, the species was abundant in hypersaline mangroves (State of Rio Grande do Norte), and co-occurred with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E14FFCAFF0D1BAEFE63FF0E" authorityName="Brito" authorityYear="1960" box="[207,503,151,176]" class="Echinoidea" family="Mellitidae" genus="Mellita" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="quinquiesperforata">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E14FFCAFF0D1BAEFF7AFF0E" box="[207,238,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">M.</emphasis>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E14FFCAFEE21BAFFE63FF0E" box="[288,503,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">quinquiesperforata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E14FFCAFDEF1BAEFD58FF0E" baseAuthorityName="Leske" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[557,716,153,176]" class="Echinoidea" family="Mellitidae" genus="Encope" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="emarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E14FFCAFDEF1BAEFD58FF0E" box="[557,716,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">E. emarginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In many examined specimens we encountered one or two small crustaceans, possibly of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E14FFCAFDE31B8BFCC0FF6A" authority="Smith, 1870" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1870" box="[545,852,188,213]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Dissodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E14FFCAFDE31B8BFD2AFF6B" box="[545,702,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Dissodactylus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E14FFCAFD051B8BFCC0FF6A" author="Smith, S. I." box="[711,852,188,213]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="113 - 176" refId="ref63632" refString="Smith, S. I. (1870) Notes on American Crustacea. N o I. Ocypodoidea. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2, 113 - 176. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 20635" type="journal article" year="1870">Smith, 1870</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, associated with the oral surface of the sand-dollar. We further observed small bivalves living inside one of the lunules.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E14FFCAFC6D1BE8FA90FF46" author="McClintock, J. B. & Marion, K. R." box="[943,1284,223,248]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1013 - 1017" refId="ref59464" refString="McClintock, J. B. & Marion, K. R. (1993) Predation by the king helmet (Cassis tuberosa) on six-holed sand dollars (Leodia sexiesperforata) at San Salvador, Bahamas. Bulletin of Marine Science, 52 (3), 1013 - 1017." type="journal article" year="1993">McClintock & Marion (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded the mollusk gastropod
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E14FFCAFEB21A32FDB6FEA3" baseAuthorityName="Mota" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[368,546,260,285]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cassidae" genus="Cassis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tuberosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E14FFCAFEB21A32FDB6FEA3" box="[368,546,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Cassis tuberosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as one of the main predators of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E14FFCAFC561A32FBF5FEA2" authorityName="Brito" authorityYear="1962" box="[916,1121,260,284]" class="Echinoidea" family="Mellitidae" genus="Leodia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sexiesperforata">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E14FFCAFC561A32FBF5FEA2" box="[916,1121,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">L. sexiesperforata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E14FFCAFB441A33FA8FFEA3" box="[1158,1307,260,285]" name="Bahamas" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">the Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E14FFCAFAE41A33FF75FEFE" author="Goodbody, I." pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="80 - 86" refId="ref54303" refString="Goodbody, I. (1960) The feeding mechanism in the sand dollar, Mellita sexiesperforata (Leske). The Biological Bulletin, 119 (1), 80 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1538935" type="journal article" year="1960">Goodbody (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E14FFCAFEDA1A10FD88FEFE" author="Telford, M. & Mooi, R." box="[280,540,295,320]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="197 - 207" refId="ref64730" refString="Telford, M. & Mooi, R. (1986) Resource partitioning by sand dollars in carbonate and siliceous sediments: evidence from podial and particle dimensions. The Biological Bulletin, 171 (1), 197 - 207. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1541917" type="journal article" year="1986">Telford & Mooi (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
summarized data on feeding habits of
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E14FFCAFC0C1A10FB88FEFE" box="[974,1052,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Leodia</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |