360 lines
34 KiB
XML
360 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.7.1855" ID-PMC="PMC3261042" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-7-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FC1EFFA70117E9653F2B4D202D03FFEF" ID-PubMed="22287920" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576100" ModsDocID="1314-2003-7-1" checkinTime="1451252091599" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Giacomin, Leandro L. & Stehmann, Joao Renato" docDate="2011" docId="BA60247FF4EC4C4AB75CD55B3D2959D9" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 7: 1-9" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 7" docPubDate="2011-11-29" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.7.1855" docTitle="Solanum evolvuloides Giacomin & Stehmann 2011, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FC1EFFA70117E9653F2B4D202D03FFEF" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="FC1EFFA70117E9653F2B4D202D03FFEF" masterDocTitle="A new heterandrous species of Solanum section Gonatotrichum Bitter (Solanaceae) from Bahia, Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="9" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668141827502" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new heterandrous species of Solanum section Gonatotrichum Bitter (Solanaceae) from Bahia, Brazil</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Giacomin, Leandro L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>ICB, Departamento de Botanica, Laboratorio de Sistematica Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, CEP 31270 - 901, MG, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Stehmann, Joao Renato</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>ICB, Departamento de Botanica, Laboratorio de Sistematica Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, CEP 31270 - 901, MG, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2011-11-29</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>7</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>9</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.7.1855</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.7.1855</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-7-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FC1EFFA70117E9653F2B4D202D03FFEF</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576100</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152026819" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BA60247FF4EC4C4AB75CD55B3D2959D9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BA60247FF4EC4C4AB75CD55B3D2959D9" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="BA60247F-F4EC-4C4A-B75C-D55B3D2959D9" authority="Giacomin & Stehmann" authorityName="Giacomin & Stehmann" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum evolvuloides" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="evolvuloides" status="sp. nov.">Solanum evolvuloides Giacomin & Stehmann</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Solanum evolvuloides Giacomin & Stehmann. A Habit B Corolla cross section showing stamens C Larger stamen in ventral and dorsal view D Smaller stamens in ventral and dorsal view E Gynoecium F Young bud G Fruit H Seed I Detail of the hairs of stems, peduncles and calyces (glandular) and leaves (eglandular). All from Mattos-Silva s. n. (CEPEC- 15698). Scale bars A = 3 cm; B, C, D, E, F and G = 5 mm; H = 2 mm; I = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9958" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Solanum evolvuloides Giacomin & Stehmann. A Flower, opened during the morning in a cultivated seedling B Fruit, with a semi-transparent exocarp C Habit D Habitat in a shrubby caatinga formation. Scale bars A = 1.5 cm, B = 1 cm; C = 10 cm. All from Giacomin 974 (BHCB; type collection)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9959" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="latin">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Latin.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Solano turneroidi
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chodat et</emphasis>
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S. parcistrigoso
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bitter similis sed ab utroque foliis membranaceis ovato-ellipticis vel cordiformibus et pilis glanduliferis in caule, axibus inflorescentiae, et calyce differt.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brazil</emphasis>
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. Bahia: Mun.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jequié">Jequie</normalizedToken>
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, Distrito de Cachoeirinhas, caatinga arbustiva em topo de morro, com lajeados
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<normalizedToken originalValue="graníticos">graniticos</normalizedToken>
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, 299 m,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="14.4" value="-13.903999">13°54'14.4"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="40" direction="west" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="46.8" value="-40.029667">40°01'46.8"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 10 Jul 2009 (fr),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L.L. Giacomin 974</emphasis>
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(holotype: BHCB; isotypes, BM, MBM, NY, RB).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Herbs, slightly woody to woody at base, few- to many-branched, 20-40 cm tall. Stems moderately to densely pubescent with multicelled unbranched erect glandular hairs ca. 0.3-0.5 mm long, these mixed with less frequent slightly longer 1-3-celled unbranched eglandular hairs. Sympodial units difoliate, solitary or more commonly geminate, the smaller leaves up to half the size of the larger ones. Leaves simple, the blades 1-4
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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</emphasis>
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1-3 cm, ovate-elliptic to cordiform, chartaceous to membranaceous, sparsely to moderately pubescent on both sides with 1-2-celled unbranched erect eglandular hairs, these denser on the primary and secondary veins; venation camptodromous, with the primary and one pair of secondary veins emerging from the leaf base (sometimes just one, in the case of an asymmetric base), the primary and secondary veins barely visible to the naked eye, slightly prominent abaxially and less visible adaxially; base attenuate to cordate, slightly decurrent into petiole; margins entire, ciliate with hairs like those of the blade; apex acute to attenuate; petioles 0.5-2.2 cm long, with pubescence similar to that of the stems but with fewer eglandular hairs. Inflorescencessessile, lateral, extra-axillary or subopposite the leaves, unbranched, with 1-4 flowers, the axes with pubescence like that of the stems; peduncles absent; rachis very short; pedicels 6-10 mm in flower, 7-14 mm in fruit, almost contiguous, articulated at the base. Flowers 5-merous. Calyx 2-7 mm long, the tube 1-2 mm, the lobes 2-6
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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</emphasis>
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1-2.6 mm, ovate-elliptic, the apex acuminate, moderately pubescent abaxially with almost exclusively glandular unbranched multicellular erect hairs, densely pubescent adaxially with very small glandular hairs with 1-celled stalks; calyx accrescent in fruit, the lobes up to 8 mm long, equal to or exceeding the berry at maturity. Corolla 1-2.5 (-3) cm in diameter, rotate with abundant interpetalar tissue, membranaceous, white, the lobes 2-4
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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</emphasis>
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1-3 mm, triangular, acute at apex, with a few eglandular hairs abaxially, mainly on the central part of each lobe, glabrous adaxially. Stamens 4-9.5 mm long; filaments 1-2 mm long, with one much longer than the others, up to 5 mm long, glabrous; anthers 4-6
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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</emphasis>
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1.3-2 mm, connivent, yellow, the base cordate, with a small bulge dorsally, the apex emarginate, the pores directed introrsely and subapically, not opening into longitudinal slits. Ovary glabrous; style 7-9 mm long, longer than the smaller stamens,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="1" pageNumber="2" start="start">cylindrical</pageBreakToken>
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, glabrous, curved near apex, closely appressed to the larger stamen; stigma capitate. Fruits 0.8-1.5 cm in diameter, globose berries, greenish white when immature, translucent at maturity, drying light-brown to blackish, glabrous, the mesocarp watery and held under pressure, dehiscing explosively at maturity, normally between two calyx lobes
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">.</emphasis>
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Seeds 10-25 per fruit, 2.5-3.6
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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</emphasis>
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1.8-2.9 mm, flattened, reniform, with a small hollow where connected to the placenta, the margin flattened, forming a winged projection, the seed surface with raised projections and grooves parallel to margin, giving a netlike impression.
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9958" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figure 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Giacomin & Stehmann" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="evolvuloides">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Solanum evolvuloides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Giacomin & Stehmann.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">A</emphasis>
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Habit
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">B</emphasis>
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Corolla cross section showing stamens
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">C</emphasis>
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Larger stamen in ventral and dorsal view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">D</emphasis>
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Smaller stamens in ventral and dorsal view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">E</emphasis>
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Gynoecium
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">F</emphasis>
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Young bud
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">G</emphasis>
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Fruit
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">H</emphasis>
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Seed
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">I</emphasis>
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Detail of the hairs of stems, peduncles and calyces (glandular) and leaves (eglandular). All from
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Mattos-Silva</emphasis>
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">s.n.</emphasis>
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(CEPEC-15698). Scale bars A= 3 cm; B, C, D, E, F and G = 5 mm; H = 2 mm; I = 0.2 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9959" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Giacomin & Stehmann" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="evolvuloides">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Solanum evolvuloides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Giacomin & Stehmann.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">A</emphasis>
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Flower, opened during the morning in a cultivated seedling
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">B</emphasis>
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Fruit, with a semi-transparent exocarp
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">C</emphasis>
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Habit
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">D</emphasis>
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Habitat in a shrubby caatinga formation. Scale bars A= 1.5 cm, B= 1 cm; C = 10 cm. All from Giacomin 974 (BHCB; type collection).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Distribution.</emphasis>
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This species is known only from the southeastern part of Bahia state (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Known distribution of Solanum evolvuloides Giacomin & Stehmann (triangles) along Rio de Contas (in grey) in the state of Bahia, Brazil." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9960" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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), Brazil, occurring in the transition zone between deciduous forests and xeric formations of shrubby Caatinga (as defined by
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<bibRefCitation author="Velloso, AL" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Evolutionary Biology" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="B14" refString="Velloso, AL, Sampaio, EVS, Pareyn, FGC, 2002. Ecorregioes propostas para o Bioma Caatinga. Associacao Plantas do Nordeste; Instituto de Conservacao Ambiental; The Nature Conservancy do Brasil, Recife." title="Ecorregioes propostas para o Bioma Caatinga. Associacao Plantas do Nordeste; Instituto de Conservacao Ambiental; The Nature Conservancy do Brasil, Recife." year="2002">Velloso et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9960" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="3" start="start">Figure</pageBreakToken>
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3.
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</emphasis>
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Known distribution of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Giacomin & Stehmann" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="evolvuloides">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Solanum evolvuloides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Giacomin & Stehmann (triangles) along Rio de Contas (in grey) in the state of Bahia, Brazil.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ecology.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Giacomin & Stehmann" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="evolvuloides">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Solanum evolvuloides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was recently recollected by the first author in the municipality of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jequié">Jequie</normalizedToken>
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in a typical shrubby Caatinga formation, that is associated in this region with large granitic outcrops. The occurrence on the banks of the Rio de Contas near the city of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Itacaré">Itacare</normalizedToken>
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[
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Jardim, J.G. 1843</emphasis>
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(CEPEC)] might be an occasional case of water dispersal by the river, which arises in a xeric environment near the center of the state in the Caatinga biome. Despite having been found in environments with marked seasonality, the species is apparently not annual, as evidenced by the woody stem bases.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The name
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Giacomin & Stehmann" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="evolvuloides">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Solanum evolvuloides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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evokes the strong resemblance of this species to a sympatric species of the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Evolvulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Evolvulus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" genus="Convolvulaceae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="genus">Convolvulaceae</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Phenology.</emphasis>
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Flowering and fruiting material has been collected between February and August, with a flowering peak from February to May; fruiting specimens were collected from June to August. Under cultivation, flowers were observed to open only
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="4" start="start">in</pageBreakToken>
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the morning, closing during the evening. Observations of the same flower during consecutive days confirmed this pattern.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Preliminary conservation status.</emphasis>
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Endangered (EN) B1 a,b (i,ii,iii,iv).
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Giacomin & Stehmann" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="evolvuloides">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Solanum evolvuloides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is known from only two localities, where the landscape has been strongly modified in the last decades due to the expansion of urban centers and extensive farming. The region has been focus of several surveys undertaken by the CEPEC group, in association with the New York Botanical Garden; despite this, only a few collections of this species have been made. Although one collection was made in a very disturbed area (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Jardim 1843</emphasis>
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), the most recent collection is from a well-preserved forest fragment, and the species was not found in surrounding areas. There are no collections from within conservation units.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Specimens examined (Paratypes).</emphasis>
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BRAZIL. Bahia: Mun.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Itacaré">Itacare</normalizedToken>
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. Fazenda Monte Alegre, Ca. de 1 km a leste na rodovia para
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Itacaré">Itacare</normalizedToken>
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. Margem do Rio de Contas, 10
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">August</pageBreakToken>
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1998 (fl, fr), J.G. Jardim 1843 (CEPEC); Mun.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jequié">Jequie</normalizedToken>
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. Rodovia
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ipiaú/Jequié">Ipiau/Jequie</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 12 May 1969 (fl, fr), J.A. Jesus 367 (CEPEC); Mun.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jequié">Jequie</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Km 7 da estrada
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jequié/Ipiaú">Jequie/Ipiau</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Caatinga, 10 February 1983 (bs), A.M. Carvalho, 1591 (CEPEC); Mun.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jequié">Jequie</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Procedente do Distrito de Cachoeirinhas, caatinga arbustiva em topo de morro, com lajeados
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="graníticos">graniticos</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 299 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="14.4" value="-13.903999">13°54'14.4"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="40" direction="west" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="46.8" value="-40.029667">40°01'46.8"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, floresceu em cultivo no Jardim
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Botânico">Botanico</normalizedToken>
|
||
da
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fundação">Fundacao</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Zoo-Botânica">Zoo-Botanica</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Belo Horizonte, 23 September 2009 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">L.L. Giacomin 974B</emphasis>
|
||
(BHCB, NY); Mun. Manoel Vitorino. Rod. Man. Vitorino / Caatingal. Km 4.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="região">regiao</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Caatinga. 16 February 1979 (fl, fr), L.A. Mattos Silva s.n. (CEPEC [15698]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
The species is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chod" authorityYear="1902" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="turneroides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Solanum turneroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Chodatand they are the only species within the section presenting strong heterandry, with one stamen with a filament much longer than the other four. Sometimes
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parcistrigosum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Solanum parcistrigosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bitterand
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hoffmannseggii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Solanum hoffmannseggii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Sendtner, species that also resemble
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giacomin & Stehmann" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="evolvuloides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Solanum evolvuloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are weakly heterandrous but they both have smaller flowers (corolla with <1.5 cm in diameter) and stamens, and can be easily distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giacomin & Stehmann" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="evolvuloides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Solanum evolvuloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the glandular indument observed in the calyx and stems of the latter species. This character can be also used to separate
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giacomin & Stehmann" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="evolvuloides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Solanum evolvuloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chod" authorityYear="1902" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="turneroides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Solanum turneroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These two speciesare also not sympatric, in Brazil
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chod" authorityYear="1902" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="turneroides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Solanum turneroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found only in the states of Mato Grosso do Sul and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Paulo, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giacomin & Stehmann" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="evolvuloides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Solanum evolvuloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs only in Bahia.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chod" authorityYear="1902" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="turneroides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Solanum turneroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an indument composed of unbranched eglandular hairs mainly with one-celled appressed hairs on the calyces, leaves and stems, associated with two-celled hairs that are typically geniculate (bent at a 90° angle) between the first and second cell. It is also a more robust shrub with chartaceous leaves, in contrast to the more membranaceous leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giacomin & Stehmann" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="evolvuloides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Solanum evolvuloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Within the section, glandular hairs are commonly found on the leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sendtn" authorityYear="1846" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adscendens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Solanum adscendens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Sendtner but in this species, the hairs are much smaller (up to 0.1 mm, barely visible in dried material) than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giacomin & Stehmann" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="evolvuloides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Solanum evolvuloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, have glands composed of more than one cell, and are associated with several erect eglandular hairs. The hairs of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giacomin & Stehmann" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="evolvuloides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Solanum evolvuloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, perhaps the most distinctive characteristic of the species, are up to 0.5 mm long, are stalked, have unicellular glands, and are not commonly found on the leaves.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
The heterandry found in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giacomin & Stehmann" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="evolvuloides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Solanum evolvuloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not a common feature within
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Solanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and its evolution had been focus of recent studies, using morphological or molecular data (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lester RNFrancisco-Ortega, J" editor="Nee, M" journalOrPublisher="Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, London" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="51 - 69" refId="B9" refString="Lester RNFrancisco-Ortega, J, Al-Ani, M, 1999. Convergent evolution of heterandry (unequal stamens) in Solanum, proved by spermoderm SEM. In: Nee, M, Symon, DE, Lester, RN, Jessop, JP, Eds., Solanaceae IV: Advances in Biology & Utilization. Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, London: 51 - 69" title="Convergent evolution of heterandry (unequal stamens) in Solanum, proved by spermoderm SEM." volumeTitle="Solanaceae IV: Advances in Biology & Utilization." year="1999">Lester et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bohs, L" journalOrPublisher="Acta Horticulturae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="201 - 223" refId="B2" refString="Bohs, L, Weese, T, Myers, N, Lefgren, V, Thomas, N, Van, Wagenen, A, Stern, S, 2007. Zygomorphy and heteranthery in Solanum in a phylogenetic context. Acta Horticulturae 745: 201 - 223" title="Zygomorphy and heteranthery in Solanum in a phylogenetic context." volume="745" year="2007">Bohs et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Both cited works conclude that this character evolved several times independently within the genus. Within the Brevantherum clade (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Weese, T" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Evolutionary Biology" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" publicationUrl="doi: 10.1600/036364407781179671" refId="B15" refString="Weese, T, Bohs, L, 2007. Athree-gene phylogeny of the genus Solanum (Solanaceae). Systematic Botany 32: 445- 463. ., doi: 10.1600/036364407781179671" title="Athree-gene phylogeny of the genus Solanum (Solanaceae). Systematic Botany 32: 445 - 463." url="doi: 10.1600/036364407781179671" year="2007">Weese and Bohs 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), only the two species of sect.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Corda" authorityYear="1842" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Gonatotrichum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Gonatotrichum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cited above are known to be strongly heterandrous. The species do not present strong enantiostyly, but in both cases a deflection on the style apex is observed (see
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Solanum evolvuloides Giacomin & Stehmann. A Flower, opened during the morning in a cultivated seedling B Fruit, with a semi-transparent exocarp C Habit D Habitat in a shrubby caatinga formation. Scale bars A = 1.5 cm, B = 1 cm; C = 10 cm. All from Giacomin 974 (BHCB; type collection)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9959" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
), that might function to receive pollen from a
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="bee’s">bee's</normalizedToken>
|
||
abdomen, as pointed out in other studies of heterandrous and enantiostylous
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Solanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vallejo-Marin, M" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Evolutionary Biology" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="828 - 839" publicationUrl="doi: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01693.x" refId="B13" refString="Vallejo-Marin, M, Manson, JS, Thomso, JD, Barret, SCH, 2009. Division of labour within flowers: heteranthery, a floral strategy to reconcile contrasting pollen fates. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22: 828 - 839, doi: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01693.x" title="Division of labour within flowers: heteranthery, a floral strategy to reconcile contrasting pollen fates." url="doi: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01693.x" volume="22" year="2009">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vallejo-Marín">Vallejo-Marin</normalizedToken>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |