treatments-xml/data/B0/9C/E1/B09CE186E5215D94866EB94109AC2BDF.xml

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<document id="671DB77517F5E1C4942F8131A4C97826" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1216.129923" ID-ZooBank="1BBB8E67-1398-4D4F-B9CE-B56B2B7A471C" ID-publisher-id="129923" URI-arpha="ABF5EC24-F63A-5900-AC5F-7DADFEF22858" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/1BBB8E67-1398-4D4F-B9CE-B56B2B7A471C" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1729793040911" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Ramos-González, Mario I., Venegas-González, María Francisca, Zamora-Manzur, Carlos &amp; Parra, Luis E." docDate="2024" docId="B09CE186E5215D94866EB94109AC2BDF" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1216: 173-200" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1216" docSource="https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/129923/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Gugnelve Ramos-González, Venegas-González, Zamora-Manzur &amp; Parra, 2024, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="200" masterDocId="ABF5EC24F63A5900AC5F7DADFEF22858" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genus Digonis (Lepidoptera, Geometridae): new species and new genera" masterLastPageNumber="200" masterPageNumber="173" pageNumber="173" updateTime="1729793112694" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title id="3057D6F1350991E977D3654855CBC62B">Revision of the genus Digonis (Lepidoptera, Geometridae): new species and new genera</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0194CF9C32925BF312A92317AAF2DBF8">Ramos-González, Mario I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C26690E1735F27BB6A9DAE6E4B0FAE41">Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160 - C, Concepción, Chile</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D0DD647201EF0C91F856D163AF50D26E">Venegas-González, María Francisca</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C1DCB54D83D067DC44957D04892F32B5">Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160 - C, Concepción, Chile</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="ED8FB1E0A06EA8837EE986788A486934">Zamora-Manzur, Carlos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E6273A4F0C4A82ADD33AE76943F297C8">Programa de Doctorado en Sistemática y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7782D51BD925F8A93AA064232070299C">Parra, Luis E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CB0D5EA90CCEE6DA720FDBB307B1EBA7">Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160 - C, Concepción, Chile</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="745FC65F84D983C38D0B93B93AA01420">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8DDE2AD72F0CE203C244C85B8682B82F">2024-10-24</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="7F02A430556865427E4B3ECE2E663826" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B57AD0DBA0BE254391D9B4DD9C28D64D">
<taxonomicName id="52D3908F6FF709B65B72BCAB32458438" authorityName="Ramos-González &amp; Venegas-González &amp; Zamora-Manzur &amp; Parra" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gugnelve" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="E85BEB733F3F94F87C4A4D1F1F1E4B2A" italics="true">Gugnelve</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="94EBE130AD77BB352636E9F9249188F9" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EYFAI" type="type species">
<paragraph id="A6C3449618F8E0BE29FAAE48B63ED957">
<heading id="E832D594640AD23AD6C3025882B0ECB0" reason="title">
<typeStatus id="5C48F4C621BECD5DF0589A3B04482416">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE500824537D4F5CB061D5E163AD6C48">
<taxonomicName id="867C8C4CAFFE991CCD64D912AF186A73" authority="Ramos-Gonzalez &amp; Parra" authorityName="Ramos-Gonzalez &amp; Parra" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gugnelve" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="butleri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D8829F7AE1BC5CD631F46A982E1CE213" italics="true">Gugnelve butleri</emphasis>
Ramos-González &amp; Parra
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C9223189BA86303C7C1748F8108FD07F" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EJGAI" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="1B34745964CEEE8732BF5F3C0C18A192">
<heading id="E85AC8F4A9BCCC097E9988FCC5FF5E61" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F83B0B34906789C447197F029B6B23A5">
Externally,
<taxonomicName id="825A4D9E44343A118490BD36B3C2DA38" authorityName="Ramos-González &amp; Venegas-González &amp; Zamora-Manzur &amp; Parra" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gugnelve" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F7F3D61EF99539306C66FA634A57C0C7" italics="true">Gugnelve</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles
<taxonomicName id="169B6CEC449024B3933C73D08D3D2845" authority="Butler" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Euangerona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F8FA24ECB42181F43398BFC12B5FB2B4" italics="true">Euangerona</emphasis>
Butler
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="569676F1EF0F62866A7A0D88BAC9B471" authority="Warren. All" authorityName="Warren. All" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Dectochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C5C001B7C02C4880A51BF57689B8D49A" italics="true">Dectochilus</emphasis>
Warren. All
</taxonomicName>
three genera have an oblique curved band in the central area of the forewings. However,
<taxonomicName id="A6F7EB8DF8EB33F7D28CBC89C381DC83" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Euangerona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2828CEFFFE98E616718D5BB6643E5443" italics="true">Euangerona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="0AD9A13E6989525D38AE56344E2DF4BD" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Dectochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C560FB2FE5AB43B633F30787AABBB8AE" italics="true">Dectochilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a wavy termen, unlike
<taxonomicName id="1845C847BFEE47053972DFADBC1C4DBF" authorityName="Ramos-González &amp; Venegas-González &amp; Zamora-Manzur &amp; Parra" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gugnelve" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0FA8D7F0B173C5B46D10D1EBC9CC209A" italics="true">Gugnelve</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which has a smooth termen and a slightly falcate apex. The wing shape and antennae are similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="42B190283E723E6359CD73F642B8BB8E" authority="Orfila &amp; Schajovskoy" authorityName="Orfila &amp; Schajovskoy" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Laninia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B22A2A90B1E9EAF2C77310765889067C" italics="true">Laninia</emphasis>
Orfila &amp; Schajovskoy
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="DAC2E83B86EC86CEDC0C863A3AF7C651" authority="Butler" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Macrolyrcea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D47FD20F7E8726A7945BC2E4D2B89591" italics="true">Macrolyrcea</emphasis>
Butler
</taxonomicName>
, but they differ significantly in various genital structures, such as the gnathos with a posteriorly directed apex and distally lobulated costa in
<taxonomicName id="B6646376EC1E99860E5DA9DE98BE0A7E" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Laninia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A17D27783F6DA8D43CCB159379407646" italics="true">Laninia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the spatulate uncus and wide oval valvae in
<taxonomicName id="DCC5551EB1E4CFAE554B6DE899F17098" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Macrolyrcea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2BC126243D0034B042ABDF3B52687E5B" italics="true">Macrolyrcea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The V-shaped gnathos with a longitudinal row of spicules is reminiscent of
<taxonomicName id="80E4A0053B6426BE00BB694B562A28BE" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Euangerona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="19ACB3AB5224A7DD26CCBA3A947706C7" italics="true">Euangerona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="98871C6C360BAC32FCA2B2CBF5370972" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Dectochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E7EAAD04316716E27C69B5055AA04EB1" italics="true">Dectochilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but in both of those genera, the anellus process is directed anteriorly, while in
<taxonomicName id="D1607B73B2BD047EFC7C245A31CADE7B" authorityName="Ramos-González &amp; Venegas-González &amp; Zamora-Manzur &amp; Parra" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gugnelve" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="35F908D3D32BE661FFEA1DA95660F806" italics="true">Gugnelve</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it is oriented lateroposteriorly. The uncus and juxta resemble those of
<emphasis id="B31E5F625BA7F9F42154174D4284F06F" italics="true">Malleco</emphasis>
Rindge, but in
<taxonomicName id="E01FBA11A4696E1BA20ED118D0B40595" authorityName="Ramos-González &amp; Venegas-González &amp; Zamora-Manzur &amp; Parra" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gugnelve" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2833C0D271DAA0B412B3DED4D047D787" italics="true">Gugnelve</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the uncus is glabrous, and the anellus process is trifid, while the gnathos of
<emphasis id="CE9B109BE5131774D40F78F9D413DC37" italics="true">Malleco</emphasis>
has multiple spicules on the lateral arms and apex. Finally, the new genus differs considerably in external characteristics and genitalia from other Andean
<taxonomicName id="85102706CD024301FE532C545958F478" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1948" rank="tribe" tribe="Nacophorini">Nacophorini</taxonomicName>
like
<taxonomicName id="96386F9A05724C033B00AC955DF03613" authority="Warren, 1894" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Catophoenissa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="405C23194DF72E870784EF07BE5F60DD" italics="true">Catophoenissa</emphasis>
Warren, 1894
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D31719790717FADD391B64B5F145FE24" authority="Rindge, 1971" authorityName="Rindge" authorityYear="1971" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Catocalopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="277C171C7DFB0CE5DE3911FF1874219B" italics="true">Catocalopsis</emphasis>
Rindge, 1971
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="AF3439E959CB4055849AFF631CF5578B" italics="true">Talca</emphasis>
Rindge, 1971, and
<taxonomicName id="F95DD78B16AE5F4E9EEFFDCDBAFF5E53" authority="Parra, 2018" authorityName="Parra" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Wichanraran" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A6A003AD0C71271DA30A5E73E61D9C9C" italics="true">Wichanraran</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C1CC0483D9F7CEBDC6BAC3752C6CB32" DOI="10.18473/lepi.72i4.a3" author="Parra LE" issue="4" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Lepidopterologist Society" pagination="265-269" refId="B23" refString="Parra LE (2018) A new genus of Nacophorini (Geometridae) from Chile. Journal of the Lepidopterologist Society 72 (4): 265 - 269. https: // doi. org / 10.18473 / lepi. 72 i 4. a 3" title="A new genus of Nacophorini (Geometridae) from Chile." volume="72" year="2018">Parra, 2018</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="EA89313320ACA71E029246E823393065" authorityName="Ramos-González &amp; Venegas-González &amp; Zamora-Manzur &amp; Parra" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gugnelve" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D5122096039C6FD9365D46083318F08D" italics="true">Gugnelve</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished by the following combination of genital characters: V-shaped gnathos with a row of 11 spicules at the apex, forked transtilla, halberd-shaped juxta laterally extended into a pair of tri-spined anellus processes, strongly sclerotized and glabrous, vesica armed with a series of cornuti, signum with a long blade-like ridge on a sclerotized patch.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EYKAI" type="description">
<paragraph id="53728E7250CBE2792D81D3277A8113B4">
<heading id="7452A615CAB3B710D2E74FDAAC084031" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="375B5209CE98E9328A6E729BADED7544">
Antennae thickened and slightly serrated in males, filiform in females. Robust thorax with yellowish brown piliform scales. Abdomen with belt of white scales on A 1 and A 2. Forewings yellowish brown, subtriangular, slightly falcate, with sinuous and inclined antemedial and postmedial bands. Wing venation (Fig.
<figureCitation id="C69329EB21DE136457E5354F27BB454B" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Wing venation of Gugnelve Ramos-González &amp; Parra, gen. nov. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.129923.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1160311">10</figureCitation>
). Two accessory cells, second twice as long as first; Sc in contact with first accessory cell, R 1 originates from middle of second accessory cell, R 2 and R 3 + 4 connate, R 3 and R 4 pedunculate, R 5 terminates at termen; M 2 equidistant from M 1 and M 3, M 3 slightly arched; CuA 1 originates 1 / 8 before end of cell, CuA 2 originates near middle of cell. Hindwings paler than forewings, with yellowish brown piliform scales on the termen. Sc + R
<quantity id="BCC3B26C35E9BD2F77247EC019B609ED" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
contact with radial trunk up to middle of cell, Rs originates 1 / 12 before end of cell, M 2 absent. Male genitalia with V-shaped gnathos, expanded apex with 11 small variably-sized denticles towards the center; valvae sub-rhomboidal; juxta sub-halberd-shaped, laterally extended into a pair of tri-spined, strongly sclerotized processes. Female genitalia with signum with long blade-like ridge on sclerotized patch.
</paragraph>
<caption id="A2B9871B8C07E1911B6A2A8EA3F02AF0" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1216.129923.figure10" ID-arpha="79044188-73AC-5A2E-8D4D-7874341BE7C7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1160311" startId="F10">
<paragraph id="120DF2C5BB66131AED973AECDA673118">
<label id="A4B4647465A56829B02C9EAA3C9D25A0">Figure 10.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="43EE67A183A5E10A8614191384E85891">
Wing venation of
<taxonomicName id="1DF0ED8F103AD9C726DCFA2396FD7E22" authority="Ramos-Gonzalez &amp; Parra" authorityName="Ramos-González &amp; Venegas-González &amp; Zamora-Manzur &amp; Parra" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gugnelve" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="215BA808E6D95F35101D80F2A8C03672" italics="true">Gugnelve</emphasis>
Ramos-González &amp; Parra
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="77031FBDBF1A00272907CBCD877336FF" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Scale bar: 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EWLAI" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="6BE811D7DB9E564AEC4AC9B8392735D6">
<heading id="1BAC394B4869971E845240A3FED818D2" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D5A0F8A4DC776CAF3669869BEFB49F72">
The generic name is derived from the Mapudungun language (spoken by the Mapuche, the largest indigenous group in
<collectingCountry id="E1A69C83AC430444FF9F3E3F1A430102" name="Chile">Chile</collectingCountry>
), wü ṉyelfe, meaning bright star or Venus, in reference to its yellowish coloration; its gender is neuter.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E2LAI" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="3A86A89063FAD1FF157E066BA453E8C8">
<heading id="D9EC920E9C3790512CC18822BB1DE472" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A2B6636374248E76988C5B0212A7FFC7">
As for its only species,
<taxonomicName id="4257969BCEE91FCD2A99693C63233360" authority="Ramos-Gonzalez &amp; Parra" authorityName="Ramos-Gonzalez &amp; Parra" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gugnelve" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="butleri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F49EDAEC4F7AED927558EC9AB482414E" italics="true">G. butleri</emphasis>
Ramos-González &amp; Parra
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D1D405EF6AAF20959F05419BAC6387E7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>