274 lines
33 KiB
XML
274 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="62F9825F4CD391DE2354A830B4D019AF" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4811.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3944031" ID-ZooBank="EB3E2796-D738-405B-AAB7-4D8209214114" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1594719006450" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Weglarz, Kathryn M. & Bartlett, Charles R" docDate="2020" docId="9C5C87C4AB6FFFD3FF2EFF39FB21FEF7" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4811.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4811 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Chionomus quadrispinosus Weglarz & Bartlett 2020, new combination" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="35" masterDocId="6065FFBCAB4EFFF1FFB9FFA3FF90FF90" masterDocTitle="A revision of the planthopper genus Chionomus Fennah (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae)" masterLastPageNumber="63" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="34" updateTime="1698781408566" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="A96B61444154612A00F5F50BC183D386" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="2512D26D9B5CEC548DE674BFA0C90BBC">
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<mods:title id="A2ADCB3DE7C00A22AFD9A226400986DC">A revision of the planthopper genus Chionomus Fennah (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="288BE60368E458A85CB840BAE4A37EFB" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="3AF11D408BF26B2FD3486E26152B468A">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D933052620C2F826625F0296F2417A1A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="389A0B5C700E8A79BB72F6EAEB47D890">Weglarz, Kathryn M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="0B6F756856F483F8EA667C543A8A8794" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="D3CECE45C1D290A591F2ACFABB9BC030">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5B0F33F33C02051AF8FB41A37DEE9DEB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E7E37E28CD0E045ACAAE8491ED0210DE">Bartlett, Charles R</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="36858756074DB3B72846CE09869CC182">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="5362E219DCD99EDEB041B40C216F1117">
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<mods:title id="5104F284E0129A721CCB227A5567557D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="892ECF14F387FDAC66302E666A8E2DEA">
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<mods:date id="1EBAF78E67751C69208182267BB5DF5B">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="4F96E08600C84ACBC0A49C35C2C33080" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="F236972950269A5DB66A20B671A1C3EB">2020-07-14</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="5CE5DAF92EB88B5F2D1FB13202809B0F" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="358EF11851CA1D1800E4F53D9959B90C">4811</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="21DC94E221C0624E443B62F1BF9BFA8A" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="B0C451F763F88148E68682791A64DE2D">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="CFF8B0DC7057973D98907C6E4ECCFB37">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="564731A441CAC646A37AFEB6C99D5698">63</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="176C284A18BFF994D06E59900F798091">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="44820E6B49ABDD26BA263E6AD2A66D3F" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4811.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E25EC35E76421BC0B14CB86B14C5D94B" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3CE55F2313B5EB67E6EFDBCDAFB44592" type="Zenodo-Dep">3944031</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C9B33848F62C51797AC1C2CFE043E072" type="ZooBank">EB3E2796-D738-405B-AAB7-4D8209214114</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="9C5C87C4AB6FFFD3FF2EFF39FB21FEF7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4335508" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4335508" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9C5C87C4AB6FFFD3FF2EFF39FB21FEF7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C5C87C4AB6FFFD3FF2EFF39FB21FEF7" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<subSubSection id="5CEF6559AB6FFFD0FF2EFF39FC62FF24" box="[151,1010,154,181]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="144A36D2AB6FFFD0FF2EFF39FC62FF24" blockId="33.[151,1010,154,216]" box="[151,1010,154,181]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<heading id="4F0281BEAB6FFFD0FF2EFF39FC62FF24" bold="true" box="[151,1010,154,181]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB6FFFD0FF2EFF39FC62FF24" bold="true" box="[151,1010,154,181]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB6FFFD0FF2EFF39FC9EFF24" ID-CoL="9FNK7" authority="(Muir & Giffard, 1924)" authorityName="Weglarz & Bartlett" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Muir & Giffard" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[151,782,154,181]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrispinosus" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB6FFFD0FF2EFF39FE73FF25" bold="true" box="[151,483,154,181]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Chionomus quadrispinosus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="70644B23AB6FFFD0FE4BFF39FC96FF24" author="Muir, F. A. G. & Giffard, W. M." box="[498,774,154,180]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 53" refId="ref29217" refString="Muir, F. A. G. & Giffard, W. M. (1924) Studies in North American Delphacidae. Bulletin of the Experiment Station of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association, Entomological Series, 15, 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1924">Muir & Giffard, 1924</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="3DB257BBAB6FFFD0FCA5FF39FC62FF24" box="[796,1010,154,180]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rank="species">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5CEF6559AB6FFFD0FF2EFF1DFE38FF48" box="[151,424,189,216]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="description">
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<paragraph id="144A36D2AB6FFFD0FF2EFF1DFE38FF48" blockId="33.[151,1010,154,216]" box="[151,424,189,216]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
(
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<figureCitation id="8CCE2A57AB6FFFD0FF26FF1DFE8AFF48" box="[159,282,189,216]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1853,1878]" captionTargetBox="[152,1429,381,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,381,1828]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 15. Habitus of Chionomus quadrispinosus. A. dorsal habitus; B. lateral habitus; C. frontal habitus; D. male terminalia, left lateral view; E. male terminalia, caudal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3944061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3944061/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figures 15</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="8CCE2A57AB6FFFD0FE9FFF1DFEE6FF48" box="[294,374,190,216]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1618,1643]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,635,1592]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[151,1436,633,1593]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 18. Dorsal and lateral habitus of brachypters of select Chionomus species, A,D. Chionomus havanae, B,E. Chionomus balboae, C,F. Chionomus herkos, G,J. Chionomus pacificus, H,K. Chionomus puellus, I,L. Chionomus quadrispinosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3944068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3944068/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">18i & l</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="8CCE2A57AB6FFFD0FE3AFF1DFE30FF48" box="[387,416,190,216]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1007,1032]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,181,982]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[183,1404,181,982]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 30. Line art of Chionomus quadrispinosus terminalia, A. pygofer, caudal view, B. anal tube and aedeagus, left lateral view, C. left paramere, widest view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3944092" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3944092/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">30</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5CEF6559AB6FFFD0FF2EFEA1FD53FE8A" box="[151,707,257,282]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="144A36D2AB6FFFD0FF2EFEA1FD53FE8A" blockId="33.[151,707,257,282]" box="[151,707,257,282]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="34E511FCAB6FFFD0FF2EFEA1FD53FE8A" box="[151,707,257,282]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<treatmentCitation id="955410C3AB6FFFD0FF2EFEA1FD2FFE8A" author="Muir, F. A. G. & Giffard, W. M." box="[151,703,257,282]" page="37" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" year="1924">
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<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB6FFFD0FF2EFEA1FD2FFE8A" ID-CoL="34HPW" authority="Muir & Giffard, 1924: 37" authorityName="Muir & Giffard" authorityPageNumber="37" authorityYear="1924" box="[151,703,257,282]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Delphacodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrispinosa">
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<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB6FFFD0FF2EFEA1FE23FE8A" box="[151,435,258,282]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Delphacodes quadrispinosa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="70644B23AB6FFFD0FE00FEA2FD2FFE8A" author="Muir, F. A. G. & Giffard, W. M." box="[441,703,257,282]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 53" refId="ref29217" refString="Muir, F. A. G. & Giffard, W. M. (1924) Studies in North American Delphacidae. Bulletin of the Experiment Station of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association, Entomological Series, 15, 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1924">Muir & Giffard, 1924: 37</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5CEF6559AB6FFFD0FF2EFEEAFDC5FEF3" box="[151,597,328,355]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="144A36D2AB6FFFD0FF2EFEEAFDC5FEF3" blockId="33.[151,1437,328,2011]" box="[151,597,328,355]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<materialsCitation id="A49D3C8FAB6FFFD0FF2EFEEAFDC1FEF3" box="[151,593,328,355]" country="Nicaragua" location="San Marcos" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB6FFFD0FF2EFEEAFED0FEF3" bold="true" box="[151,320,328,355]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<typeStatus id="CB4E8870AB6FFFD0FF2EFEEAFF42FEF3" box="[151,210,329,355]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Type</typeStatus>
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Locality.
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</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB6FFFD0FEFEFEEBFE2DFEF2" box="[327,445,328,354]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
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,
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<location id="112A6009AB6FFFD0FE71FEEAFDC1FEF3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9C5C87C4AB6FFFD3FF2EFF39FB21FEF7:112A6009AB6FFFD0FE71FEEAFDC1FEF3" box="[456,593,329,355]" country="Nicaragua" name="San Marcos" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">San Marcos</location>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5CEF6559AB6FFFD0FF7EFECFFE50FDAA" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="144A36D2AB6FFFD0FF7EFECFFE50FDAA" blockId="33.[151,1437,328,2011]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB6FFFD0FF7EFECFFED2FE17" bold="true" box="[199,322,364,391]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Body dark brown to brown, with white markings. Vertex quadrate; foveae of frons and vertex concolorous with body. Carinae distinct, off-white in color; antennae light brown. Pronotum concolorous with mesonotum, paranota white along margins. Armature of diaphragm U-shaped; inner and outer angles of parameres diverging, basal angle produced, rounded. Aedeagus tubular, with two rows of teeth along venter, curved dorsad; base enlarged, quadrate. Segment X armed with 4 distinct processes, first processes closely approximated, second processes nearly touching.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5CEF6559AB6FFFD0FF7EFDE7FE65F92B" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="description">
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<paragraph id="144A36D2AB6FFFD0FF7EFDE7FE41FBC6" blockId="33.[151,1437,328,2011]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB6FFFD0FF7EFDE7FEC9FDCF" bold="true" box="[199,345,580,607]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Description.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB6FFFD0FEE6FDE6FE30FDCF" box="[351,416,581,607]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Color</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB6FFFD0FE17FDE6FDB5FDCE" box="[430,549,581,606]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Macropter</emphasis>
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. Body dark, brunneous, shining, with white or ivory markings. Carinae of head (excluding genal carinae) distinct, off-white to ivory in color; median carinae of vertex concolorous with foveae. Antennae light brown, paler at apex. Pronotum concolorous with mesonotum, paranota white to ivory along margins. Mesonotum dark, median and lateral carinae obscure. Legs cream colored to yellow, apex of tarsi brown. Forewings hyaline, distinct dark spot just before apex of clavus. Abdomen dark brown, thin white line along caudal edge of each segment, lateral projections of sternites white. Pygofer and segment X brown.
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<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB6FFFD0FB02FD5AFAA9FC83" box="[1211,1337,761,787]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Brachypter</emphasis>
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. Similar to above. Tegmina dark, infuscate, white stripe along apex, darkened spot near apex of clavus.
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<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB6FFFD0FB5DFCBEFADBFCA7" box="[1252,1355,797,823]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Structure</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB6FFFD0FAE5FCBEFA06FCA7" box="[1372,1430,797,823]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Body</emphasis>
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. Length (in mm) macropter 1.60±0.02 (n=2);
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<specimenCount id="02F3FD5BAB6FFFD0FD3FFCE2FD0BFCCB" box="[646,667,833,859]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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brachypter 1.46±0.12 (n=5);
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<specimenCount id="02F3FD5BAB6FFFD0FC58FCE2FC66FCCB" box="[993,1014,833,859]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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brachypter 1.69 ±0.09 (n=4); width
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<specimenCount id="02F3FD5BAB6FFFD0FA3EFCE2FA0CFCCB" box="[1415,1436,833,859]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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0.62±0.07 (n=16);
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<specimenCount id="02F3FD5BAB6FFFD0FED0FCC6FEEEFCEF" box="[361,382,869,895]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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0.64±0.04 (n=4).
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<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB6FFFD0FDF1FCC6FD1CFCEF" box="[584,652,869,895]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Head.</emphasis>
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Vertex length 0.14±0.03 (n=16); vertex width 0.16±0.02 (n=13); frons length 0.41±0.06 (n=16); frons width 0.19±0.03 (n=16).
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<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB6FFFD0FCA6FC2AFC06FC32" box="[799,918,905,930]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Macropter</emphasis>
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. Carinae of vertex distinct, stem of Y-shaped obscure. In lateral view (
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<figureCitation id="8CCE2A57AB6FFFD0FE15FC0FFDBBFC57" box="[428,555,940,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1853,1878]" captionTargetBox="[152,1429,381,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,381,1828]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 15. Habitus of Chionomus quadrispinosus. A. dorsal habitus; B. lateral habitus; C. frontal habitus; D. male terminalia, left lateral view; E. male terminalia, caudal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3944061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3944061/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figure 15b</figureCitation>
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), fastigium rounded; projecting in front of the eye about half the length of eye. Carinae of frons and clypeus distinct (
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<figureCitation id="8CCE2A57AB6FFFD0FDFEFC73FD55FC7B" box="[583,709,976,1003]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1853,1878]" captionTargetBox="[152,1429,381,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,381,1828]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 15. Habitus of Chionomus quadrispinosus. A. dorsal habitus; B. lateral habitus; C. frontal habitus; D. male terminalia, left lateral view; E. male terminalia, caudal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3944061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3944061/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figure 15c</figureCitation>
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), frons subparallel, widest just below ventral edge of compound eyes. Antennal segments subequal in length, segment II wider than segment I; 2nd segment sparsely setaceous, bearing sensory pits arranged 3, 3, 2, 2, evenly spaced around segment. Sensory pits surrounded by small black setae.
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<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB6FFFD0FF2EFB9EFE85FBC7" box="[151,277,1085,1111]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Brachypter</emphasis>
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. Same as above.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="144A36D2AB6FFFD0FF7EFBC2FC28FB76" blockId="33.[151,1437,328,2011]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB6FFFD0FF7EFBC2FE0FFBEA" box="[199,415,1121,1147]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Thorax. Macropter</emphasis>
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. Carinae of mesonotum weak, median carina ending anterior to scutellum, lateral carinae faint, diverging posteriorly, reaching hind margin. Forelegs with 2 rows setae on ventral margin of femora; legs mostly bare. Calcar bearing 18–22 small teeth.
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<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB6FFFD0FD1EFB0AFCB5FB53" box="[679,805,1193,1219]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Brachypter</emphasis>
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. Same as above but with lateral carinae mesonotum evident; tegmina apically rounded, reaching the midsection of the pygofer.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="144A36D2AB6FFFD0FF7EFB52FDF3FABF" blockId="33.[151,1437,328,2011]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB6FFFD0FF7EFB52FEA1FA9B" box="[199,305,1265,1291]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Abdomen</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB6FFFD0FEF9FB52FE27FA9A" box="[320,439,1265,1290]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Macropter</emphasis>
|
||
. Compressed dorsoventrally, tapering caudad to truncate apex; abdominal spiracles surrounded with one or two long, fine setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB6FFFD0FF7EFA9AFCEDF9E3" blockId="33.[151,1437,328,2011]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB6FFFD0FF7EFA9AFEA1FAC3" box="[199,305,1337,1363]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
. Pygofer in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8CCE2A57AB6FFFD0FDE0FA9BFD48FAC3" box="[601,728,1336,1363]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1853,1878]" captionTargetBox="[152,1429,381,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,381,1828]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 15. Habitus of Chionomus quadrispinosus. A. dorsal habitus; B. lateral habitus; C. frontal habitus; D. male terminalia, left lateral view; E. male terminalia, caudal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3944061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3944061/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figure 15d</figureCitation>
|
||
) about as long dorsally as ventrad, ventral margin sinuate. In caudal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8CCE2A57AB6FFFD0FE95FAFFFE39FAE7" box="[300,425,1372,1399]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1853,1878]" captionTargetBox="[152,1429,381,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,381,1828]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 15. Habitus of Chionomus quadrispinosus. A. dorsal habitus; B. lateral habitus; C. frontal habitus; D. male terminalia, left lateral view; E. male terminalia, caudal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3944061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3944061/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figure 15e</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="8CCE2A57AB6FFFD0FE0DFAFEFE70FAE7" box="[436,480,1373,1399]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1007,1032]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,181,982]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[183,1404,181,982]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 30. Line art of Chionomus quadrispinosus terminalia, A. pygofer, caudal view, B. anal tube and aedeagus, left lateral view, C. left paramere, widest view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3944092" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3944092/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">30a</figureCitation>
|
||
), 5/6ths as tall as wide, rounded; margins raised, dorsolateral margins produced, carinate. Opening to inner chamber trapezoidal, pointed ventrad. Armature of diaphragm U-shaped, fitting aedeagus, smooth, distinctly projecting caudad. Parameres, widest in basal third, basal angle projecting, rounded; dorsolaterally diverging, apices concave, lateral margins concave, inner produced, quadrate, outer angles produced, rounded. Aedeagus oval in cross-section, curved ventrad, consistent in width excluding base, two rows of evenly spaced teeth along ventral margin; base wide, quadrate. Gonopore ventral, subapical. Segment X quadrate, wider than tall; with 4 processes, first pair distinct, closely approximated, second pair longer than first, more closely approximated, nearly touching. Segment XI produced, about 1/3rd length of segment X.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB6FFFD0FF7EF9DEFE65F92B" blockId="33.[151,1437,328,2011]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB6FFFD0FF7EF9DEFE34F907" bold="true" box="[199,420,1660,1687]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Plant associations.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB6FFFD0FE14F9DEFD15F907" box="[429,645,1661,1687]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Phaseolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB6FFFD0FE14F9DEFD15F907" box="[429,645,1661,1687]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Phaseolus vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (kidney bean,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB6FFFD0FCE8F9DFFC2EF907" box="[849,958,1660,1687]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB6FFFD0FC6BF9DEFB40F907" authority="Nutt." authorityName="Nutt." box="[978,1232,1661,1687]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Galactia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elliottii">
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB6FFFD0FC6BF9DEFB1EF907" box="[978,1166,1661,1687]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Galactia elliottii</emphasis>
|
||
Nutt.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Elliot’s milkpea,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB6FFFD0FF2EF903FE91F92B" box="[151,257,1696,1723]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (Label information).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5CEF6559AB6FFFD0FF7EF967FADBF8B6" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB6FFFD0FF7EF967FDBFF893" blockId="33.[151,1437,328,2011]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB6FFFD0FF7EF967FEF1F94F" bold="true" box="[199,353,1732,1759]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB6FFFD0FED2F966FE37F94F" box="[363,423,1733,1759]" name="United States of America" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: FL, LA;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB6FFFD0FD99F967FC80F94E" box="[544,784,1732,1758]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Dominican Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB6FFFD0FCA6F967FC0CF94E" box="[799,924,1732,1758]" name="Guatemala" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB6FFFD0FC12F967FB8CF94E" box="[939,1052,1732,1758]" name="Honduras" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB6FFFD0FB93F967FB31F94E" box="[1066,1185,1732,1758]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB6FFFD0FB16F966FAA1F94E" box="[1199,1329,1732,1759]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Also reported
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB6FFFD0FF5FF94BFEB1F892" box="[230,289,1768,1794]" name="Cuba" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="70644B23AB6FFFD0FE96F94BFDB2F893" author="Muir, F. A. G. & Giffard, W. M." box="[303,546,1768,1795]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 53" refId="ref29217" refString="Muir, F. A. G. & Giffard, W. M. (1924) Studies in North American Delphacidae. Bulletin of the Experiment Station of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association, Entomological Series, 15, 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1924">Muir & Giffard 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB6FFFD0FF7EF8AFFADBF8B6" blockId="33.[151,1437,328,2011]" box="[199,1355,1804,1831]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB6FFFD0FF7EF8AFFD89F8B7" bold="true" box="[199,537,1804,1831]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">GenBank accession number.</emphasis>
|
||
Molecular sequence was unable to be generated at the time of this study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5CEF6559AB6FFFD3FF7EF892FEBDFED3" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB6FFFD0FF7EF892FE08F826" blockId="33.[151,1437,328,2011]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB6FFFD0FF7EF892FEABF8DB" bold="true" box="[199,315,1841,1867]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB6FFFD0FEFBF892FDE4F8DB" authorityName="Weglarz & Bartlett" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Muir & Giffard" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[322,628,1841,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrispinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB6FFFD0FEFBF892FDE4F8DB" box="[322,628,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Chionomus quadrispinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is closely allied with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB6FFFD0FCD3F892FC6BF8DB" authorityName="Weglarz & Bartlett" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Muir" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[874,1019,1841,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissipatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB6FFFD0FCD3F892FC6BF8DB" box="[874,1019,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C. dissipatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB6FFFD0FB8BF892FB4CF8DB" authorityName="Weglarz & Bartlett" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Muir" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[1074,1244,1841,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gluciophilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB6FFFD0FB8BF892FB4CF8DB" box="[1074,1244,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C. gluciophilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and has an overlapping distribution (see Remarks of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB6FFFD0FD82F8F6FD5DF8FF" authorityName="Weglarz & Bartlett" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Muir" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[571,717,1877,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissipatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB6FFFD0FD82F8F6FD5DF8FF" box="[571,717,1877,1903]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C. dissipatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB6FFFD0FD5CF8F6FB87F8FF" authorityName="Weglarz & Bartlett" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Muir & Giffard" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[741,1047,1877,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrispinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB6FFFD0FD5CF8F6FB87F8FF" box="[741,1047,1877,1903]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Chionomus quadrispinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tends to be darker and can be distinguished by the armature of the diaphragm and shape of the aedeagus. This species is most frequently collected in brachypterous form.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB6FFFD3FF7EF863FEBDFED3" blockId="33.[151,1437,328,2011]" lastBlockId="34.[151,1436,152,359]" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="A49D3C8FAB6FFFD3FF7EF863FEBAFED3" collectionCode="CA, BPBM" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" location="Academy of Science's" municipality="Academy of Science" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="5" stateProvince="California">
|
||
The primary
|
||
<typeStatus id="CB4E8870AB6FFFD0FEEEF862FE17F84B" box="[343,391,1985,2011]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of this species appears to be lost. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="70644B23AB6FFFD0FC4DF863FABFF84B" author="Muir, F. A. G. & Giffard, W. M." box="[1012,1327,1984,2011]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 53" refId="ref29217" refString="Muir, F. A. G. & Giffard, W. M. (1924) Studies in North American Delphacidae. Bulletin of the Experiment Station of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association, Entomological Series, 15, 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1924">Muir and Giffard (1924: 37)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="CB4E8870AB6FFFD0FAD8F862FA0CF84B" box="[1377,1436,1985,2011]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of this species “...were standing under the name of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB6CFFD3FD6DFF3AFC1EFF23" authority="Van Duzee" authorityName="Van Duzee" authorityYear="1907" box="[724,910,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Delphacodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="culta">
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB6CFFD3FD6DFF3AFC9CFF23" box="[724,780,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">culta</emphasis>
|
||
Van Duzee
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Pomona [College] and Crawford collections.” The Pomona College (Claremont,
|
||
<collectionCode id="72E4AE17AB6CFFD3FDC9FF1EFD08FF47" box="[624,664,189,215]" country="USA" name="Chicago Academy of Sciences" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="Museum">CA</collectionCode>
|
||
) collection was reportedly transferred to the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB6CFFD3FB20FF1EFA9BFF47" box="[1177,1291,189,215]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="F42EACA8AB6CFFD3FAA8FF1EFF62FF6B" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Academy of Science</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
; however, the Crawford
|
||
<typeStatus id="CB4E8870AB6CFFD3FDBBFF42FDADFF6B" box="[514,573,225,251]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">types</typeStatus>
|
||
are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB6CFFD3FDD2FF42FD1FFF6B" box="[619,655,225,251]" class="Not" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Viruses" pageId="34" pageNumber="56" rank="class">not</taxonomicName>
|
||
listed in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB6CFFD3FCA2FF42FC1DFF6B" box="[795,909,225,251]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
<location id="112A6009AB6CFFD3FC28FF42FB19FF6B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9C5C87C4AB6FFFD3FF2EFF39FB21FEF7:112A6009AB6CFFD3FC28FF42FB19FF6B" box="[913,1161,225,251]" municipality="Academy of Science" name="Academy of Science's" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" stateProvince="California">Academy of Science’s</location>
|
||
<typeStatus id="CB4E8870AB6CFFD3FB36FF42FB2FFF6B" box="[1167,1215,225,251]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen database, and a trip to the collection failed to find it.
|
||
<collectionCode id="72E4AE17AB6CFFD3FD3FFEA6FD44FE8F" box="[646,724,261,287]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
was also checked because many of Muir’s
|
||
<typeStatus id="CB4E8870AB6CFFD3FB7DFEA6FB64FE8F" box="[1220,1268,261,287]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens are housed there
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5CEF6559AB6CFFD3FF7EFEEEFB21FEF7" box="[199,1201,332,359]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB6CFFD3FF7EFEEEFB21FEF7" blockId="34.[151,1436,152,359]" box="[199,1201,332,359]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB6CFFD3FF7EFEEEFE7FFEF7" bold="true" box="[199,495,332,359]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Type material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="A49D3C8FAB6CFFD3FE4FFEEEFB21FEF7" box="[502,1201,332,359]" collectionCode="CASC" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="CB4E8870AB6CFFD3FE4FFEEEFDCEFEF7" box="[502,606,333,359]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
[Pomona Collection, transferred to
|
||
<collectionCode id="72E4AE17AB6CFFD3FC48FEEFFBD1FEF7" box="[1009,1089,332,359]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">CASC</collectionCode>
|
||
]: missing.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |