314 lines
39 KiB
XML
314 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document id="1678DACAA24DBE5E420BF9B8F2376196" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4811.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3944031" ID-ZooBank="EB3E2796-D738-405B-AAB7-4D8209214114" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1594719006450" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Weglarz, Kathryn M. & Bartlett, Charles R" docDate="2020" docId="9C5C87C4AB46FFF8FF2EFEEEFB4CFE20" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4811.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4811 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Chionomus Fennah 1971" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="6065FFBCAB4EFFF1FFB9FFA3FF90FF90" masterDocTitle="A revision of the planthopper genus Chionomus Fennah (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae)" masterLastPageNumber="63" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1698781408566" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="A01F75CCE34B108CF9214484AD22F28E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="FD9295E64F8CD3FC34BE3596FF45C1FF">
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<mods:title id="DFD214B2B3276C00193212DF2C48AB8C">A revision of the planthopper genus Chionomus Fennah (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="372A5D7F8493AA8C81017713278A0556" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="447598E1A58E897813F606E9300DD88B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="09031BFE7A362CFE2253FB132663A37F">Weglarz, Kathryn M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="6BF01B2551630B394E448657602A1FDC" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="1CEA68ABBA3B696C12150D0CD75BDE7D">Bartlett, Charles R</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="7546200A50D49EA0CEB891898F30C927">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="10C84FF198050C458F67AB6A9B4D7D93">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="ACAFF93F507225F1319F5C41FDA5026E">
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<mods:date id="EC35C2DC540EDADF6EC40755BF583178">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="990CFD5218B74E39F8F8CAB825195067">2020-07-14</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="0F902F6F9AB0F9764F0C199A0E8F2A6A" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="97F2740628319B48B2538AA26BA5FB52">4811</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="9C0C4E75BC1D5AD2EE08C21299AA225B" type="issue">
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<mods:classification id="7125BE4FACF2A121CCACE935FF459BD2">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="74C4D745E0D1E182FFDF90D9D904CD6A" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4811.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CEE507821A7B1CF277C825490AED1CC3" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="9C5C87C4AB46FFF8FF2EFEEEFB4CFE20" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4335512" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4335512" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9C5C87C4AB46FFF8FF2EFEEEFB4CFE20" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C5C87C4AB46FFF8FF2EFEEEFB4CFE20" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<subSubSection id="5CEF6559AB46FFF9FF2EFEEEFDBAFEF7" box="[151,554,333,360]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="144A36D2AB46FFF9FF2EFEEEFDBAFEF7" blockId="8.[151,554,333,360]" box="[151,554,333,360]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<heading id="4F0281BEAB46FFF9FF2EFEEEFDBAFEF7" bold="true" box="[151,554,333,360]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FF2EFEEEFDBAFEF7" bold="true" box="[151,554,333,360]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB46FFF9FF57FEEEFDBAFEF7" ID-CoL="3N9K" ID-ENA="984401" authority="Fennah, 1971" authorityName="Fennah" authorityYear="1971" box="[238,554,333,360]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FF57FEEEFEEAFEF8" bold="true" box="[238,378,333,360]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Chionomus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="70644B23AB46FFF9FE3BFEEEFDBAFEF7" author="Fennah, R. G." box="[386,554,333,359]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="299 - 342" refId="ref28189" refString="Fennah, R. G. (1971) Fulgoroidea from the Cayman Islands and adjacent areas. Journal of Natural History, 5, 299 - 342. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937100770241" type="journal article" year="1971">Fennah, 1971</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5CEF6559AB46FFF9FF2EFE32FD94FE39" box="[151,516,400,425]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="144A36D2AB46FFF9FF2EFE32FD94FE39" blockId="8.[151,998,400,456]" box="[151,516,400,425]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="34E511FCAB46FFF9FF2EFE32FD94FE39" box="[151,516,400,425]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<treatmentCitation id="955410C3AB46FFF9FF2EFE32FD90FE39" author="Fennah, R. G." box="[151,512,400,425]" page="324" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1971">
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<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB46FFF9FF2EFE32FD90FE39" ID-CoL="3N9K" authority="Fennah, 1971: 323 - 324" authorityName="Fennah" authorityPageNumber="323 - 324" authorityYear="1971" box="[151,512,400,425]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FF2EFE32FE9AFE39" box="[151,266,401,425]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Chionomus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="70644B23AB46FFF9FEA8FE33FD90FE39" author="Fennah, R. G." box="[273,512,400,425]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="299 - 342" refId="ref28189" refString="Fennah, R. G. (1971) Fulgoroidea from the Cayman Islands and adjacent areas. Journal of Natural History, 5, 299 - 342. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937100770241" type="journal article" year="1971">Fennah, 1971: 323-324</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="5CEF6559AB46FFF9FF2EFE13FC76FE58" box="[151,998,431,456]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="144A36D2AB46FFF9FF2EFE13FC76FE58" blockId="8.[151,998,400,456]" box="[151,998,431,456]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<typeStatus id="CB4E8870AB46FFF9FF2EFE13FF59FE58" box="[151,201,432,456]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB46FFF9FE9FFE13FD7BFE58" authority="Muir & Giffard, 1924" authorityName="Muir & Giffard" authorityYear="1924" box="[294,747,431,456]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Delphacodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="havanae">
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<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FE9FFE13FD96FE58" box="[294,518,432,456]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Delphacodes havanae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="70644B23AB46FFF9FDB5FE0CFD7BFE58" author="Muir, F. A. G. & Giffard, W. M." box="[524,747,431,456]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 53" refId="ref29217" refString="Muir, F. A. G. & Giffard, W. M. (1924) Studies in North American Delphacidae. Bulletin of the Experiment Station of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association, Entomological Series, 15, 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1924">Muir & Giffard, 1924</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by original designation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5CEF6559AB46FFF9FF2EFE56FDBCF991" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB46FFF9FF2EFE56FDBCF991" blockId="8.[151,1437,501,2041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FF2EFE56FEB9FD80" bold="true" box="[151,297,501,528]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Description.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FE88FE55FEE2FD80" box="[305,370,502,528]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Color</emphasis>
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. General body color brunneous to black, legs paler, white to stramineous or light brown; with carinae of the head, paranota, and scutellum pale. Pronotum often with characteristic wide white band along posterior margin (reduced or lacking in
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<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB46FFF9FDAFFD9CFD21FDC8" authorityName="Muir" authorityYear="1926" box="[534,689,574,601]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="banosensis">
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<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FDAFFD9CFD21FDC8" box="[534,689,574,601]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. banosensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB46FFF9FD06FD9CFCF9FDC8" authorityName="Weglarz & Bartlett" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Muir" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[703,873,574,601]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gluciophilus">
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<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FD06FD9CFCF9FDC8" box="[703,873,574,601]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. gluciophilus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB46FFF9FCCEFD9CFBD2FDC8" authorityName="Weglarz & Bartlett" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Muir & Giffard" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[887,1090,574,601]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrispinosus">
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<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FCCEFD9CFBD2FDC8" box="[887,1090,574,601]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. quadrispinosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), paranota paler along margins or more broadly, pronotal carinae contrasting in color in some species (
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<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB46FFF9FC70FDC0FBCBFDEC" authorityName="Weglarz & Bartlett" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Muir & Giffard" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[969,1115,610,637]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bellicosus">
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<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FC70FDC0FBCBFDEC" box="[969,1115,610,637]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. bellicosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB46FFF9FBD2FDC0FB6DFDEC" authorityName="Weglarz & Bartlett" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Muir" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[1131,1277,610,637]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissipatus">
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<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FBD2FDC0FB6DFDEC" box="[1131,1277,610,637]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. dissipatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). Mesonotum dark,
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<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB46FFF9FF6EFD24FEF7FD30" authorityName="Weglarz & Bartlett" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Muir & Giffard" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[215,359,646,673]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bellicosus">
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<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FF6EFD24FEF7FD30" box="[215,359,646,673]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. bellicosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB46FFF9FE27FD24FDB3FD30" authorityName="Weglarz & Bartlett" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Crawford" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[414,547,646,673]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacificus">
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<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FE27FD24FDB3FD30" box="[414,547,646,673]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. pacificus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with median vitta or carinae lightened, scutellum always white except in males of
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<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB46FFF9FF0DFD08FEBDFD54" authority="Weglarz & Bartlett, 2020" authorityName="Weglarz & Bartlett" authorityYear="2020" box="[180,301,682,709]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolonus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FF0DFD08FEBDFD54" box="[180,301,682,709]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. dolonus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FE8AFD09FEE1FD55" bold="true" box="[307,369,682,709]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="3DB257BBAB46FFF9FE8AFD09FEE1FD55" box="[307,369,682,709]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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Wings clear with fuscous mark near apex of clavus (the ‘claval spot’).
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<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FB3BFD08FB79FD55" box="[1154,1257,683,709]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Structure</emphasis>
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. Head narrower than pronotum, vertex quadrate, approximately as wide as long (except
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<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB46FFF9FC6CFD6CFBD4FD78" authority="Weglarz & Bartlett, 2020" authorityName="Weglarz & Bartlett" authorityYear="2020" box="[981,1092,718,745]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herkos" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FC6CFD6CFBD4FD78" box="[981,1092,718,745]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. herkos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FBF4FD6DFB1EFD78" bold="true" box="[1101,1166,718,744]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="3DB257BBAB46FFF9FBF4FD6DFB1EFD78" box="[1101,1166,718,744]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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); carinae distinct, stem of Y-shaped carina weak, median carinae of vertex converging at fastigium. In lateral view, genal carinae angled anteroventrad to meet anterior margin of clypeus, fastigium rounded. Front with carinae distinctly contrasting with darkened foveae, lateral margins of frons parallel to subparallel, widest between midpoint of compound eyes to just below ventral edge; median carina distinct, forked at fastigium. Antennae short,
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<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB46FFF9FBA6FCFCFBD3FCE9" box="[1055,1091,863,889]" class="Not" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Viruses" pageId="8" pageNumber="56" rank="class">not</taxonomicName>
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exceeding posterior margin of tegulae, circular in cross-section, segment I just longer than wide, II longer than I. Pronotal carinae weak, median carinae of pronotum reaching posterior margin, lateral carinae curved, diverging posteriorly,
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<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB46FFF9FB1EFC04FB5BFC51" box="[1191,1227,935,961]" class="Not" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Viruses" pageId="8" pageNumber="56" rank="class">not</taxonomicName>
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reaching posterior margin. Mesonotum with carinae weak in macropters, median carinae never reaching scutellum, lateral carinae diverging, reaching hind margins, more pronounced in brachypters. Legs quadrate in cross-section, hind tibiae with two lateral teeth, one just distal to joint with femur and second near midpoint. Calcar foliaceous, about half length of basitarsus. Veins of macropter distinct, sparsely setaceous; R+Sc 3 branched, M 3 branched, CuA 3 branched, CuP unbranched, claval veins fusing mid-length (
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<figureCitation id="8CCE2A57AB46FFF9FD04FBF9FC8FFBE4" box="[701,799,1114,1140]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,884,909]" captionTargetBox="[160,1429,461,851]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,453,860]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Wing venation of Chionomus havanae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3944035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3944035/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 2</figureCitation>
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). Tegmina of brachypter nearly covering abdomen, distal apices rounded. Abdomen compressed dorsoventrally, tapering caudad to truncate apex in males. Male pygofer longer ventrally than dorsally, broad in lateral view; in caudal view opening round or mildly dorsoventrally compressed; dorsolateral margins of pygofer may be produced (i.e.,
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<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB46FFF9FCD6FB64FB81FB70" authorityName="Muir" authorityYear="1926" box="[879,1041,1222,1249]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Delphacodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gluciophila">
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<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FCD6FB64FB81FB70" box="[879,1041,1222,1249]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. gluciophila</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB46FFF9FB99FB64FB1DFB70" authorityName="Weglarz & Bartlett" authorityYear="2020" box="[1056,1165,1222,1249]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herkos">
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<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FB99FB64FB1DFB70" box="[1056,1165,1222,1249]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. herkos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) but usually truncate in lateral view, except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB46FFF9FECFFB48FE7FFA94" authorityName="Weglarz & Bartlett" authorityYear="2020" box="[374,495,1258,1285]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FECFFB48FE7FFA94" box="[374,495,1258,1285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. dolonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a caudal tooth. Diaphragm and armature strong, well-developed, dorsal margin concave producing large inverted triangular or trapezoidal opening between diaphragm and segment X; armature distinctly projecting caudad, often bilobed, indented, or caudally produced where aedeagus rests. Aedeagus tubular, parallel sided, except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB46FFF9FE32FAF4FD9AFAE0" authorityName="Muir & Giffard" authorityYear="1924" box="[395,522,1366,1393]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Delphacodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="havanae">
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FE32FAF4FD9AFAE0" box="[395,522,1366,1393]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. havanae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB46FFF9FDA1FAF4FD38FAE0" authorityName="Weglarz & Bartlett" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Muir & Giffard" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[536,680,1366,1393]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bellicosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FDA1FAF4FD38FAE0" box="[536,680,1366,1393]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. bellicosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB46FFF9FD0FFAF4FCB2FAE0" authorityName="Weglarz & Bartlett" authorityYear="2020" box="[694,802,1366,1393]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herkos">
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FD0FFAF4FCB2FAE0" box="[694,802,1366,1393]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. herkos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; slightly to distinctly curved dorsad, gonopore subapical and dorsal. Parameres flattened apically but inner angle may be slightly curved or caudally produced (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB46FFF9FB42FAD8FA05FA04" authorityName="Muir" authorityYear="1926" box="[1275,1429,1402,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="banosensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FB42FAD8FA05FA04" box="[1275,1429,1402,1429]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. banosensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB46FFF9FF2EFA3CFEB8FA28" authorityName="Weglarz & Bartlett" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Muir" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[151,296,1438,1465]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissipatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FF2EFA3CFEB8FA28" box="[151,296,1438,1465]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. dissipatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB46FFF9FE8EFA3CFE33FA28" authorityName="Weglarz & Bartlett" authorityYear="2020" box="[311,419,1438,1465]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herkos">
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FE8EFA3CFE33FA28" box="[311,419,1438,1465]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. herkos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), basal angle strong, widest in basal third (except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB46FFF9FC63FA3CFBA8FA28" authorityName="Weglarz & Bartlett" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Muir" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[986,1080,1439,1465]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenae">
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FC63FA3CFBA8FA28" box="[986,1080,1439,1465]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. tenae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), lateral margins concave, widened apically. Segment X quadrate, bearing zero, two, or four processes on ventrocaudal margin, ventrally directed; segment XI shorter than segment X.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5CEF6559AB46FFF8FF7EF9A9FE2CFF6B" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB46FFF9FF7EF9A9FBD4F845" blockId="8.[151,1437,501,2041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FF7EF9A9FEABF9B4" bold="true" box="[199,315,1546,1572]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The general coloration of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB46FFF9FDCBF9A9FD62F9B4" authorityName="Fennah" authorityYear="1971" box="[626,754,1546,1572]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FDCBF9A9FD62F9B4" box="[626,754,1546,1572]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Chionomus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is helpful for genus recognition but is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB46FFF9FB00F9A8FB4DF9B5" box="[1209,1245,1547,1573]" class="Not" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Viruses" pageId="8" pageNumber="56" rank="class">not</taxonomicName>
|
||
definitive. Also, females may be paler than males. A similar general coloration, including the dark marking at the claval apex and the pale caudal margin of the pronotum can be found in other genera (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB46FFF9FC0CF9F1FB2FF9FC" authority="Fennah, 1963" authorityName="Fennah" authorityYear="1963" box="[949,1215,1618,1644]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Javesella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FC0CF9F1FB8DF9FC" box="[949,1053,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Javesella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="70644B23AB46FFF9FB9DF9F1FB2FF9FC" author="Fennah, R. G." box="[1060,1215,1618,1644]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="15 - 16" refId="ref28070" refString="Fennah, R. G. (1963) New genera of Delphacidae (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, Series B, 32, 15 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1963. tb 01205. x" type="journal article" year="1963">Fennah, 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB46FFF9FB73F9F1FF42F900" authority="Fennah, 1969" authorityName="Fennah" authorityYear="1969" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Falcotoya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FB73F9F1FAACF9FC" box="[1226,1340,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Falcotoya</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="70644B23AB46FFF9FAFAF9F1FF42F900" author="Fennah, R. G." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 116" refId="ref28158" refString="Fennah, R. G. (1969) Fulgoroidea (Homoptera) from New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands. Pacific Insects Monograph, 21, 1 - 116." type="journal article" year="1969">Fennah, 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB46FFF9FF67F9D4FD92F900" authority="Distant, 1917" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1917" box="[222,514,1654,1681]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Opiconsiva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FF67F9D4FECEF901" box="[222,350,1655,1681]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Opiconsiva</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="70644B23AB46FFF9FEDFF9D5FD92F900" author="Distant, W. L." box="[358,514,1654,1680]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="273 - 322" refId="ref27912" refString="Distant, W. L. (1917) Rhynchota. Part ii: Suborder Homoptera. The Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905, under the leadership of Mr. J. Stanley Gardiner, M. A. The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 17, 273 - 322. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1917. tb 00469. x" type="journal article" year="1917">Distant, 1917</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). However, these genera can be diagnosed by male genitalia.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB46FFF9FB07F9D5FAA0F900" authorityName="Fennah" authorityYear="1969" box="[1214,1328,1654,1680]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Falcotoya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FB07F9D5FAA0F900" box="[1214,1328,1654,1680]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Falcotoya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks the produced armature of the diaphragm and possesses a strongly decurved aedeagus.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB46FFF9FB8AF938FB23F925" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1917" box="[1075,1203,1691,1717]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Opiconsiva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FB8AF938FB23F925" box="[1075,1203,1691,1717]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Opiconsiva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs in having the dorsocaudal margin of the pygofer strongly expanded and the processes on segment X closely approximated.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB46FFF9FAD0F91CFF7DF96C" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1917" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Opiconsiva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FAD0F91CFF7DF96C" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Opiconsiva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is restricted to the Eastern Hemisphere and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB46FFF9FD67F941FCBFF96C" box="[734,815,1762,1788]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
with the exception of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB46FFF9FB95F940FF4BF8B0" authority="(Matsumura, 1910)" baseAuthorityName="Matsumura" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Opiconsiva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tangira">
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FB95F940FA95F96C" box="[1068,1285,1763,1789]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Opiconsiva tangira</emphasis>
|
||
(Matsumura, 1910)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, recently reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="70644B23AB46FFF9FE67F8A5FD1AF8B1" author="Halbert, S. E." box="[478,650,1798,1825]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="6 - 10" refId="ref28379" refString="Halbert, S. E. (2016) Entomology, Quarterly Activity Report. Tri-ology, 55 (3), 6 - 10" type="journal article" year="2016">Halbert (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB46FFF9FD74F8A4FB06F8B1" authority="(Fennah, 1969)" baseAuthorityName="Fennah" baseAuthorityYear="1969" box="[717,1174,1798,1825]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Opiconsiva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anacharisis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FD74F8A4FC4AF8B0" box="[717,986,1798,1825]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Opiconsiva anacharisis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="70644B23AB46FFF9FC55F8A5FB1EF8B1" author="Fennah, R. G." box="[1004,1166,1798,1825]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 116" refId="ref28158" refString="Fennah, R. G. (1969) Fulgoroidea (Homoptera) from New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands. Pacific Insects Monograph, 21, 1 - 116." type="journal article" year="1969">Fennah, 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, reported as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB46FFF9FA96F8A5FE82F8D4" authorityName="Fennah" authorityYear="1969" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Harmalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anacharsis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FA96F8A5FE82F8D4" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Harmalia anacharsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="70644B23AB46FFF9FE84F888FDB7F8D4" author="Wooten, C. M. & Wilson, S. W. & Tsai, J. H." box="[317,551,1834,1861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="567 - 573" refId="ref30776" refString="Wooten, C. M., Wilson, S. W. & Tsai, J. H. (1993) Descriptions of nymphs of the planthopper Harmalia anacharsis Fennah, a species new to the United States (Homoptera: Delphacidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 101, 567 - 573." type="journal article" year="1993">
|
||
Wooten
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FE22F888FE5CF8D4" box="[411,460,1834,1860]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1993)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, recorded in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB46FFF9FD03F889FC9FF8D4" box="[698,783,1834,1860]" country="Uruguay" name="Florida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB46FFF9FCA0F889FC11F8D4" authorityName="Fennah" authorityYear="1963" box="[793,897,1834,1860]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Javesella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FCA0F889FC11F8D4" box="[793,897,1834,1860]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Javesella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks the claval spot and the opening of the pygofer is very broad with widely diverging parameres and the processes on segment X always closely approximated.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB46FFF9FF2EF8D1FE2BF81C" authority="Fennah, 1963" authorityName="Fennah" authorityYear="1963" box="[151,443,1906,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Isodelphax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FF2EF8D1FE82F81C" box="[151,274,1906,1932]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Isodelphax</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="70644B23AB46FFF9FEA5F8D1FE2BF81C" author="Fennah, R. G." box="[284,443,1906,1932]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="15 - 16" refId="ref28070" refString="Fennah, R. G. (1963) New genera of Delphacidae (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, Series B, 32, 15 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1963. tb 01205. x" type="journal article" year="1963">Fennah, 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, also shares the same general appearance but this genus lacks the claval spot and the parameres are strongly diverging apically with a strongly projected basal angle.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB46FFF9FBB4F835FB18F820" authorityName="Fennah" authorityYear="1963" box="[1037,1160,1942,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Isodelphax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FBB4F835FB18F820" box="[1037,1160,1942,1968]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Isodelphax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also tends to have a dark antennal segment I, which is usually paler (yellowish to light brown) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB46FFF9FC07F819FBAEF844" authorityName="Fennah" authorityYear="1971" box="[958,1086,1978,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FC07F819FBAEF844" box="[958,1086,1978,2004]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Chionomus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB46FFF8FF7EF87DFE2CFF6B" blockId="8.[151,1437,501,2041]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,152,432]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB46FFF9FEB7F87DFE1EF868" authorityName="Fennah" authorityYear="1971" box="[270,398,2014,2040]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FEB7F87DFE1EF868" box="[270,398,2014,2040]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Chionomus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are very common and are readily collected at lights.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB46FFF9FB85F87DFA84F868" authorityName="Weglarz & Bartlett" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Van Duzee" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[1084,1300,2014,2040]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puellus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB46FFF9FB85F87DFA84F868" box="[1084,1300,2014,2040]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Chionomus puellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is abundant (with more than 5,000 specimen records in the Tri-Trophic TCN database) and widely distributed in the eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB47FFF8FAC8FF3AFA08FF23" box="[1393,1432,153,179]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">US</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB47FFF8FF2EFF1EFEECFF47" baseAuthorityName="Muir & Giffard" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[151,380,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="havanae">
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB47FFF8FF2EFF1EFEECFF47" box="[151,380,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Chionomus havanae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB47FFF8FE09FF1EFDB9FF47" baseAuthorityName="Muir & Giffard" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[432,553,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balboae">
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB47FFF8FE09FF1EFDB9FF47" box="[432,553,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. balboae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be abundant over much of the Neotropics. Despite this, the biology of these species are poorly known.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5CEF6559AB47FFF8FF7EFEA6FB4CFE20" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB47FFF8FF7EFEA6FB4CFE20" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,432]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB47FFF8FF7EFEA6FEDFFE8F" bold="true" box="[199,335,261,287]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The original author did
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB47FFF8FDE6FEA6FD13FE8F" box="[607,643,261,287]" class="Not" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Viruses" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" rank="class">not</taxonomicName>
|
||
indicate the gender or derivation of the name
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB47FFF8FB3CFEA6FA9CFE8F" box="[1157,1292,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB47FFF8FB3CFEA6FA98FE8F" authorityName="Fennah" authorityYear="1971" box="[1157,1288,261,287]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chionomus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
It appears to stem from the Greek noun
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB47FFF8FE7AFE8AFD8AFED3" box="[451,538,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">chionos</emphasis>
|
||
, meaning “snow”, possibly a reference to the whitened posterior pronotum margin, with –[i]
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB47FFF8FE90FEEDFEC6FEF7" box="[297,342,334,359]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">mus</emphasis>
|
||
to indicate possession. The names of three species originally placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB47FFF8FBC8FEEEFB61FEF7" authorityName="Fennah" authorityYear="1971" box="[1137,1265,333,359]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB47FFF8FBC8FEEEFB61FEF7" box="[1137,1265,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Chionomus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
do
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB47FFF8FAA0FEEEFAADFEF7" box="[1305,1341,333,359]" class="Not" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Viruses" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" rank="class">not</taxonomicName>
|
||
indicate gender, as they are latinizations of proper nouns in the genitive. Following article 30.2.4 of the Code of Zoological Nomenclature (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="70644B23AB47FFF8FEFDFE36FE57FE3F" author="ICZN" box="[324,455,405,431]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref28542" refString="ICZN (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4 th Edtion. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) the name is treated as masculine (consistent with a -
|
||
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB47FFF8FBA4FE35FBA6FE3F" box="[1053,1078,406,431]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">us</emphasis>
|
||
Latin ending).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |