treatments-xml/data/9C/5C/87/9C5C87C4AB44FFFAFF2EFE06FB6EF8D0.xml
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<document id="D5B45C9EDB6B37E70DFC264F025E2BCC" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4811.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3944031" ID-ZooBank="EB3E2796-D738-405B-AAB7-4D8209214114" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1594719006450" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Weglarz, Kathryn M. &amp; Bartlett, Charles R" docDate="2020" docId="9C5C87C4AB44FFFAFF2EFE06FB6EF8D0" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4811.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4811 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Chionomus havanae" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="6065FFBCAB4EFFF1FFB9FFA3FF90FF90" masterDocTitle="A revision of the planthopper genus Chionomus Fennah (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae)" masterLastPageNumber="63" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1698781408566" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="9C65A9C0F693EFEDFFA988D02408C4CD">A revision of the planthopper genus Chionomus Fennah (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="076FA5ACB6BB8C230483CC96CD68515A">Weglarz, Kathryn M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1C2F272784AF2FE88BCCB6E7ADCF1AFF">Bartlett, Charles R</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="DAD9075E8ADE842DE86CC870FCDA49C8">2020</mods:date>
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<treatment id="9C5C87C4AB44FFFAFF2EFE06FB6EF8D0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9C5C87C4AB44FFFAFF2EFE06FB6EF8D0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C5C87C4AB44FFFAFF2EFE06FB6EF8D0" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<subSubSection id="5CEF6559AB44FFFBFF2EFE06FD2CFE2F" box="[151,700,421,448]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB44FFFBFF2EFE06FD2CFE2F" blockId="10.[151,700,421,483]" box="[151,700,421,448]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="4F0281BEAB44FFFBFF2EFE06FD2CFE2F" bold="true" box="[151,700,421,448]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB44FFFBFF2EFE06FD2CFE2F" ID-CoL="5XTJ8" authority="(Muir &amp; Giffard, 1924)" baseAuthorityName="Muir &amp; Giffard" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[151,700,421,448]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="havanae">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB44FFFBFF2EFE06FD2CFE2F" bold="true" box="[151,700,421,448]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB44FFFBFF2EFE06FE02FE50" bold="true" box="[151,402,421,448]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Chionomus havanae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="70644B23AB44FFFBFE18FE06FD23FE2F" author="Muir, F. A. G. &amp; Giffard, W. M." box="[417,691,421,447]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 53" refId="ref29217" refString="Muir, F. A. G. &amp; Giffard, W. M. (1924) Studies in North American Delphacidae. Bulletin of the Experiment Station of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association, Entomological Series, 15, 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1924">Muir &amp; Giffard, 1924</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CEF6559AB44FFFBFF2EFE6AFE35FE73" box="[151,421,457,483]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB44FFFBFF2EFE6AFE35FE73" blockId="10.[151,700,421,483]" box="[151,421,457,483]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
(
<figureCitation id="8CCE2A57AB44FFFBFF26FE6AFE9BFE73" box="[159,267,457,483]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1362,1387]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1334]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,181,1337]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 3. Habitus of Chionomus havanae (A-E holotype); A. dorsal view, habitus; B. lateral view, habitus; C-D. labels of holotype, E. frontal view, habitus; F. male terminalia, caudal view; G. male terminalia, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3944037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3944037/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figures 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8CCE2A57AB44FFFBFEA1FE6AFEE4FE73" box="[280,372,457,483]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1618,1643]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,635,1592]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[151,1436,633,1593]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 18. Dorsal and lateral habitus of brachypters of select Chionomus species, A,D. Chionomus havanae, B,E. Chionomus balboae, C,F. Chionomus herkos, G,J. Chionomus pacificus, H,K. Chionomus puellus, I,L. Chionomus quadrispinosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3944068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3944068/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">18a &amp; d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8CCE2A57AB44FFFBFE39FE6AFE0DFE73" box="[384,413,457,483]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1569,1594]" captionTargetBox="[341,1246,885,1543]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[341,1246,885,1544]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 19. Line art of Chionomus havanae terminalia, A. pygofer, caudal view, B. aedeagus and anal tube, left lateral view, C. left paramere, widest view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3944070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3944070/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">19</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="5CEF6559AB44FFFBFF2EFDA5FCC1FDAD" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB44FFFBFF2EFDA5FD18FD8F" blockId="10.[151,849,518,573]" box="[151,648,518,543]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="34E511FCAB44FFFBFF2EFDA5FD18FD8F" box="[151,648,518,543]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<treatmentCitation id="955410C3AB44FFFBFF2EFDA5FD14FD8F" author="Muir, F. A. G. &amp; Giffard, W. M." box="[151,644,518,543]" page="37" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1924">
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB44FFFBFF2EFDA5FD14FD8F" ID-CoL="34HKP" authority="Muir &amp; Giffard, 1924: 37" authorityName="Muir &amp; Giffard" authorityPageNumber="37" authorityYear="1924" box="[151,644,518,543]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Delphacodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="havanae">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB44FFFBFF2EFDA5FEE8FD8E" box="[151,376,518,542]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Delphacodes havanae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="70644B23AB44FFFBFEC7FDA5FD14FD8F" author="Muir, F. A. G. &amp; Giffard, W. M." box="[382,644,518,543]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 53" refId="ref29217" refString="Muir, F. A. G. &amp; Giffard, W. M. (1924) Studies in North American Delphacidae. Bulletin of the Experiment Station of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association, Entomological Series, 15, 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1924">Muir &amp; Giffard, 1924: 37</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB44FFFBFF2EFD86FCC1FDAD" blockId="10.[151,849,518,573]" box="[151,849,548,573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="34E511FCAB44FFFBFF2EFD86FCC1FDAD" box="[151,849,548,573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB44FFFBFF2EFD86FD8EFDAD" ID-CoL="5XTJ8" authority="(Muir &amp; Giffard)" baseAuthorityName="Muir &amp; Giffard" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[151,542,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="havanae">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB44FFFBFF2EFD86FEF7FDAD" box="[151,359,549,573]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Chionomus havanae</emphasis>
(Muir &amp; Giffard)
</taxonomicName>
, comb. by
<treatmentCitation id="955410C3AB44FFFBFD35FD87FCDDFDAD" author="Fennah, R. G." box="[652,845,548,573]" page="324" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1971">
<bibRefCitation id="70644B23AB44FFFBFD35FD87FCDDFDAD" author="Fennah, R. G." box="[652,845,548,573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="299 - 342" refId="ref28189" refString="Fennah, R. G. (1971) Fulgoroidea from the Cayman Islands and adjacent areas. Journal of Natural History, 5, 299 - 342. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937100770241" type="journal article" year="1971">Fennah, 1971: 324</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CEF6559AB44FFFBFF2EFDC6FE7DFDEF" box="[151,493,612,639]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB44FFFBFF2EFDC6FE7DFDEF" blockId="10.[151,1437,612,2043]" box="[151,493,612,639]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<materialsCitation id="A49D3C8FAB44FFFBFF2EFDC6FE79FDEF" box="[151,489,612,639]" country="Cuba" location="Havana" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="La Habana" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB44FFFBFF2EFDC6FED0FDEF" bold="true" box="[151,320,612,639]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<typeStatus id="CB4E8870AB44FFFBFF2EFDC6FF42FDEF" box="[151,210,613,639]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Type</typeStatus>
Locality.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB44FFFBFEFEFDC6FE15FDEF" box="[327,389,613,639]" name="Cuba" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cuba</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB44FFFBFE29FDC6FE79FDEF" box="[400,489,613,639]" country="Cuba" name="La Habana" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Havana</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CEF6559AB44FFFBFF7EFD2BFB2FFC9F" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB44FFFBFF7EFD2BFB2FFC9F" blockId="10.[151,1437,612,2043]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB44FFFBFF7EFD2BFED2FD33" bold="true" box="[199,322,648,675]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Body light to dark brown, with white to ivory markings. Vertex quadrate; foveae of frons and vertex dark. Carinae distinct, pale; antennae light brown. Pronotum dark anteriorly, shading to white posteriorly, paranota white. Armature of diaphragm forming smooth triangular boss, apex of parameres with outer angle strongly produced, rounded. Aedeagus sinuate, bearing a caudally projected process that extends past apex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CEF6559AB44FFFBFF7EFCBBFAE6F8B3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB44FFFBFF7EFCBBFAF3FB73" blockId="10.[151,1437,612,2043]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB44FFFBFF7EFCBBFEC9FCA3" bold="true" box="[199,345,792,819]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB44FFFBFED8FCBAFE32FCA3" box="[353,418,793,819]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Color</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB44FFFBFE0BFCB9FDBEFCA3" box="[434,558,794,819]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Macropter.</emphasis>
Body dark to light brown, bearing white or ivory markings. Carinae of head (including genal carinae) distinct, paler. Foveae of head fuscous. Antennae dark brown proximally, shading paler distally. Pronotum dark brown anteriorly, white posteriorly. Mesonotum dark shining brown, white posteriorly at termini of lateral carinae and scutellum. Legs yellow bearing light brown stripes on anterior face, apex of tarsi brown. Wings hyaline with dark marking near apex of clavus, some specimens fuscous on claval fold and nodal line. Abdomen brown, caudal edge of terga and sterna often paler. Pygofer brown, segment X light brown.
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB44FFFBFA8DFC6EFF2BFB9B" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Brachypter.</emphasis>
Similar, with white at tegmina apex.
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB44FFFBFDD0FC52FD40FB9B" box="[617,720,1009,1035]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Structure</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB44FFFBFD59FC52FCB0FB9B" box="[736,800,1009,1035]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Body.</emphasis>
Length (in mm) macropter male (
<specimenCount id="02F3FD5BAB44FFFBFB1EFC52FB2DFB9B" box="[1191,1213,1009,1035]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="male"></specimenCount>
) 1.59±0.13 (n=22);
<specimenCount id="02F3FD5BAB44FFFBFF2EFBB6FF3CFBBF" box="[151,172,1045,1071]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="male"></specimenCount>
brachypter 1.88±0.04 (n=3); width
<specimenCount id="02F3FD5BAB44FFFBFDF5FBB6FDF1FBBF" box="[588,609,1045,1071]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="male"></specimenCount>
0.74±0.08 (n=25).
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB44FFFBFCFDFBB6FC11FBBF" box="[836,897,1045,1071]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Head</emphasis>
. Vertex length 0.18±0.03 (n=25); vertex width 0.17±0.02 (n=25); frons length 0.46±0.02 (n=25); frons width 0.21±0.02 (n=25). Vertex approximately quadrate in dorsal view, barely wider than long; carinae distinct, stem of Y-shaped carina obsolete. In lateral view (
<figureCitation id="8CCE2A57AB44FFFBFAE8FBFEFF25FB0C" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1362,1387]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1334]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,181,1337]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 3. Habitus of Chionomus havanae (A-E holotype); A. dorsal view, habitus; B. lateral view, habitus; C-D. labels of holotype, E. frontal view, habitus; F. male terminalia, caudal view; G. male terminalia, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3944037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3944037/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figure 3b</figureCitation>
), fastigium rounded; projecting in front of the eye about 1/6th eye length. Carinae of frons distinct (
<figureCitation id="8CCE2A57AB44FFFBFAA6FB22FA1EFB0B" box="[1311,1422,1153,1179]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1362,1387]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1334]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,181,1337]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 3. Habitus of Chionomus havanae (A-E holotype); A. dorsal view, habitus; B. lateral view, habitus; C-D. labels of holotype, E. frontal view, habitus; F. male terminalia, caudal view; G. male terminalia, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3944037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3944037/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figure 3e</figureCitation>
), subparallel, widest at ventral margin of compound eyes. Antennae with segment I subequal in length to II; segment II sparsely setaceous; sensory pits arranged 4, 34, 2, 2, arranged uniformly, surrounded by small black setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB44FFFBFF7EFB4EFDA6FAE3" blockId="10.[151,1437,612,2043]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB44FFFBFF7EFB4EFE88FA97" box="[199,280,1261,1287]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Thorax</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB44FFFBFE90FB4DFE34FA97" box="[297,420,1262,1287]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Macropter.</emphasis>
Carinae of mesonotum weak, median carina ending before scutellum, lateral carinae diverging posteriorly, reaching hind margin. Tibiae carinate; sparsely setaceous, two rows of small black spines along ventral margin. Calcar bearing 2226 small teeth (
<typeStatus id="CB4E8870AB44FFFBFD7EFA96FCBBFADF" box="[711,811,1333,1359]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
with 24).
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB44FFFBFC25FA96FB8AFADF" box="[924,1050,1333,1359]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Brachypter</emphasis>
. Tegmina rounded apically, reaching to abdominal apex (or nearly so).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB44FFFBFF7EFADEFC97F96F" blockId="10.[151,1437,612,2043]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB44FFFBFF7EFADEFEA1FA07" box="[199,305,1405,1431]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Abdomen</emphasis>
. Slightly dorsoventrally compressed, tapering caudad to truncate apex; long, fine setae surrounding each abdominal spiracle. Male genitalia with pygofer in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="8CCE2A57AB44FFFBFC12FA02FB8AFA2B" box="[939,1050,1441,1467]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1362,1387]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1334]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,181,1337]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 3. Habitus of Chionomus havanae (A-E holotype); A. dorsal view, habitus; B. lateral view, habitus; C-D. labels of holotype, E. frontal view, habitus; F. male terminalia, caudal view; G. male terminalia, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3944037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3944037/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Figure
<quantity id="D30D9B37AB44FFFBFC47FA02FB8AFA2B" box="[1022,1050,1441,1467]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="g" value="3.0">3g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
) nearly thrice as long ventrally as dorsad, ventral margin sinuate. In caudal view (
<figureCitation id="8CCE2A57AB44FFFBFD1AFA66FC9DFA4F" box="[675,781,1477,1503]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1362,1387]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1334]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,181,1337]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 3. Habitus of Chionomus havanae (A-E holotype); A. dorsal view, habitus; B. lateral view, habitus; C-D. labels of holotype, E. frontal view, habitus; F. male terminalia, caudal view; G. male terminalia, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3944037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3944037/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figure 3f</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8CCE2A57AB44FFFBFCA1FA66FCD4FA4F" box="[792,836,1477,1503]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1569,1594]" captionTargetBox="[341,1246,885,1543]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[341,1246,885,1544]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 19. Line art of Chionomus havanae terminalia, A. pygofer, caudal view, B. aedeagus and anal tube, left lateral view, C. left paramere, widest view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3944070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3944070/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">19a</figureCitation>
), as tall as wide, globular; dorsolateral margins mildly produced. Opening to inner chamber triangular, pointed ventrad. Diaphragm strong, armature distinctly produced and projecting caudad, apex triangular to bilobed, smooth. Parameres flattened distally, widest in basal third, basal angle strong, projecting, quadrate; dorsolaterally diverging to convexly curved apices, lateral margins concave, inner angles weak, acute; outer angles produced to rounded apices. Suspensorium inconspicuous. Aedeagus terete in cross-section, widest near base, irregularly tapering for most of length, abruptly tapering distally to blunt apex, weakly curved ventrad in apical quarter, keeled ventrally, gonopore apical; bearing conspicuous straight dorsal spine projecting beyond aedeagus apex. Segment X longer than tall, quadrate,
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB44FFFBFBA3F962FBAEF94B" box="[1050,1086,1729,1755]" class="Not" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Viruses" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" rank="class">not</taxonomicName>
armed. Segment XI produced, about half the length of segment X, projecting caudally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB44FFFBFF7EF8AAFAE6F8B3" blockId="10.[151,1437,612,2043]" box="[199,1398,1800,1827]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB44FFFBFF7EF8AAFE33F8B3" bold="true" box="[199,419,1800,1827]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Plant associations.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB44FFFBFE13F8AAFCC2F8B3" authority="(Sw.) P. Beauv." authorityName="P. Beauv." baseAuthorityName="Sw." box="[426,850,1801,1827]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Axonopus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="compressus">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB44FFFBFE13F8AAFD31F8B3" box="[426,673,1801,1827]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Axonopus compressus</emphasis>
(Sw.) P. Beauv.
</taxonomicName>
(broadleaf carpetgrass,
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB44FFFBFBE7F8AAFB2CF8B3" authorityName=", Muir" authorityYear="1926" box="[1118,1212,1801,1827]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="70644B23AB44FFFBFB6BF8AAFAF9F8B3" author="Fennah, R. G." box="[1234,1385,1800,1827]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="224 - 265" refId="ref28034" refString="Fennah, R. G. (1959) Delphacidae from the Lesser Antilles (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), 8, 224 - 265." type="journal article" year="1959">Fennah 1959</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CEF6559AB44FFFBFF7EF88FFD31F86B" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB44FFFBFF7EF88FFD07F847" blockId="10.[151,1437,612,2043]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB44FFFBFF7EF88FFEF1F8D7" bold="true" box="[199,353,1836,1863]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB44FFFBFED0F88EFE35F8D7" box="[361,421,1837,1863]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">USA</collectingCountry>
: FL;
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB44FFFBFE5DF88EFDB3F8D7" box="[484,547,1837,1863]" name="Cuba" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cuba</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB44FFFBFD96F88EFD75F8D7" box="[559,741,1837,1863]" name="Cayman Islands" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cayman Islands</collectingCountry>
(Cayman Brac, Grand Cayman);
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB44FFFBFBD0F88EFB60F8D7" box="[1129,1264,1837,1863]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
(inc. Mona Island);
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB44FFFBFF5BF8F2FEAFF8FB" box="[226,319,1873,1899]" name="Jamaica" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB44FFFBFEF5F8F2FE46F8FB" box="[332,470,1873,1899]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB44FFFBFE5BF8F2FDD5F8FB" box="[482,581,1873,1899]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB44FFFBFDEAF8F2FD39F8FB" box="[595,681,1873,1899]" name="Mexico" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB44FFFBFD00F8F2FCA4F8FB" box="[697,820,1873,1899]" country="Mexico" name="Campeche" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Campeche</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB44FFFBFCF8F8F2FC0EF8FB" box="[833,926,1873,1899]" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
, Federal District,
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB44FFFBFBD5F8F2FB53F8FB" box="[1132,1219,1873,1899]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB44FFFBFB76F8F2FAC3F8FB" box="[1231,1363,1873,1899]" country="Mexico" name="Tamaulipas" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tamaulipas</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB44FFFBFAD9F8F2FF5AF81F" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB44FFFBFF61F8D6FEA8F81F" box="[216,312,1909,1935]" country="Mexico" name="Yucatan" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Yucatan</collectingRegion>
);
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB44FFFBFEF6F8D6FE0AF81F" box="[335,410,1909,1935]" name="Belize" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Belize</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB44FFFBFE10F8D6FDB6F81F" box="[425,550,1909,1935]" name="Guatemala" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB44FFFBFD8CF8D6FD36F81F" box="[565,678,1909,1935]" name="Honduras" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Honduras</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB44FFFBFD0CF8D6FCBCF81F" box="[693,812,1909,1935]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB44FFFBFC83F8D6FC2CF81F" box="[826,956,1909,1935]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB44FFFBFC72F8D6FBB7F81F" box="[971,1063,1909,1935]" name="Panama" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Panama</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB44FFFBFB8EF8D6FB39F81F" box="[1079,1193,1909,1935]" name="Colombia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Colombia</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB44FFFBFB01F8D6FABFF81F" box="[1208,1327,1909,1935]" name="Venezuela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB44FFFBFA84F8D6FA08F81F" box="[1341,1432,1909,1935]" name="Guyana" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Guyana</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB44FFFBFF2EF83AFF4BF823" box="[151,219,1945,1971]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(Amazonas,
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB44FFFBFECDF83AFE39F823" box="[372,425,1945,1971]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Para</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB44FFFBFE0FF83AFDCFF823" box="[438,607,1945,1971]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB44FFFBFDD5F83AFD4CF823" box="[620,732,1945,1971]" country="Brazil" name="Rondonia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Rondonia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB44FFFBFD50F83AFCF2F824" box="[745,866,1945,1972]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Sao Paulo</collectingRegion>
);
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB44FFFBFCCEF83AFC3EF823" box="[887,942,1945,1971]" name="Peru" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Peru</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB44FFFBFC02F83AFB8AF823" box="[955,1050,1945,1971]" name="Ecuador" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB44FFFBFB9EF83AFBECF823" box="[1063,1148,1945,1971]" name="Bolivia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB44FFFBFB31F83AFB6BF823" box="[1160,1275,1945,1971]" name="Argentina" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Argentina</collectingCountry>
; also reported
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB44FFFBFF2EF81EFF45F847" box="[151,213,1981,2007]" name="Cuba" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cuba</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB44FFFBFF59F81EFEA6F847" box="[224,310,1981,2007]" name="Mexico" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB44FFFBFEFCF81EFE0CF848" box="[325,412,1981,2008]" country="Mexico" name="Sinaloa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Sinaloa</collectingRegion>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="70644B23AB44FFFBFE0BF81EFD1BF847" author="Bartlett, C. R. &amp; O'Brien, L. B. &amp; Wilson, S. W." box="[434,651,1981,2007]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 287" refId="ref27290" refString="Bartlett, C. R., O'Brien, L. B. &amp; Wilson, S. W. (2014) A review of the planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) of the United States. Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, 50, 1 - 287." type="journal article" year="2014">
Bartlett
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB44FFFBFDB6F81DFDD0F847" box="[527,576,1981,2007]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB44FFFBFF7EF843FD31F86B" blockId="10.[151,1437,612,2043]" box="[199,673,2016,2043]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB44FFFBFF7EF843FD89F86B" bold="true" box="[199,537,2016,2043]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">GenBank accession number.</emphasis>
<accessionNumber id="0BA6AB31AB44FFFBFD99F843FD31F86B" box="[544,673,2016,2043]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MN339591" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MN339591</accessionNumber>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="408A665AAB45FFFAFF2EFAF1FB16FA1F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3944037" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3944037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3944037/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[151,250,1362,1387]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1334]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB45FFFAFF2EFAF1FB16FA1F" blockId="11.[151,1436,1362,1423]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB45FFFAFF2EFAF1FE84FAFB" bold="true" box="[151,276,1362,1387]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Habitus of
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB45FFFAFE29FAF0FDF1FAFB" baseAuthorityName="Muir &amp; Giffard" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[400,609,1363,1387]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="havanae">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB45FFFAFE29FAF0FDF1FAFB" box="[400,609,1363,1387]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Chionomus havanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(A-E holotype); A. dorsal view, habitus; B. lateral view, habitus; C-D. labels of holotype, E. frontal view, habitus; F. male terminalia, caudal view; G. male terminalia, lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="5CEF6559AB45FFFAFF7EFA41FBDDF93F" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB45FFFAFF7EFA41FBDDF93F" blockId="11.[151,1437,1505,1856]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB45FFFAFF7EFA41FEABFA6C" bold="true" box="[199,315,1506,1532]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB45FFFAFEFDFA41FDBCFA6C" baseAuthorityName="Muir &amp; Giffard" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[324,556,1506,1532]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="havanae">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB45FFFAFEFDFA41FDBCFA6C" box="[324,556,1506,1532]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Chionomus havanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was initially reported in the
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB45FFFAFCC2FA42FB83FA6C" box="[891,1043,1505,1532]" name="United States of America" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">United States</collectingCountry>
by
<bibRefCitation id="70644B23AB45FFFAFBF8FA42FB78FA6C" author="Wilson, S. W." box="[1089,1256,1505,1532]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="188" refId="ref30351" refString="Wilson, S. W. (1983) The first record of Delphacodes havanae in the United States (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae). Great Lakes Entomologist, 16, 188." type="journal article" year="1983">Wilson (1983)</bibRefCitation>
. This species is common in Neotropical collections and is often collected in with
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB45FFFAFCD1F9A5FC72F9B0" baseAuthorityName="Muir &amp; Giffard" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[872,994,1542,1568]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balboae">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB45FFFAFCD1F9A5FC72F9B0" box="[872,994,1542,1568]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C. balboae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at lights. This species is easily differentiated by the sinuate shape of the parameres (basal angle strong, apices convexly curved) and the apical spine on the aedeagus. Males frequently can be identified without dissection if the parameres and apical spine of the aedeagus can be seen. This species may be most closely allied with
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB45FFFAFCA3F9D1FC04F91C" baseAuthorityName="Muir &amp; Giffard" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[794,916,1650,1676]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balboae">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB45FFFAFCA3F9D1FC04F91C" box="[794,916,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C. balboae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB45FFFAFC73F9D1FBC3F91C" baseAuthorityName="Muir" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[970,1107,1650,1676]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haywardi">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB45FFFAFC73F9D1FBC3F91C" box="[970,1107,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C. haywardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which have similarly a similarly triangular shaped armature of the diaphragm but lack the spine of the aedeagus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CEF6559AB45FFFAFF7EF919FB6EF8D0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB45FFFAFF7EF919FB6EF8D0" blockId="11.[151,1437,1505,1856]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB45FFFAFF7EF919FE7DF944" bold="true" box="[199,493,1721,1748]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Type material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="A49D3C8FAB45FFFAFE4AF91AFB6EF8D0" collectionCode="BPBM" country="Cuba" location="Macropterous" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="La Habana" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="CB4E8870AB45FFFAFE4AF91AFDCBF943" box="[499,603,1721,1747]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
[
<collectionCode id="72E4AE17AB45FFFAFDD1F91AFD2FF944" box="[616,703,1721,1748]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
]:
<location id="112A6009AB45FFFAFD69F919FCFCF944" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9C5C87C4AB44FFFAFF2EFE06FB6EF8D0:112A6009AB45FFFAFD69F919FCFCF944" box="[720,876,1722,1748]" country="Cuba" name="Macropterous" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" stateProvince="La Habana">Macropterous</location>
<specimenCount id="02F3FD5BAB45FFFAFCC8F919FC18F944" box="[881,904,1722,1748]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="male"></specimenCount>
, “
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB45FFFAFC24F919FC65F944" box="[925,1013,1722,1748]" country="Cuba" name="La Habana" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Havana</collectingRegion>
/
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB45FFFAFBB0F91AFBD6F943" box="[1033,1094,1721,1747]" name="Cuba" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cuba</collectingCountry>
.Baker //
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB45FFFAFB13F91AFABDF943" authorityName="Fieber" authorityYear="1866" box="[1194,1325,1721,1747]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Megamelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Megamelus</taxonomicName>
/ albopal- liatus / Uhl. [Handwritten] //
<specimenCount id="02F3FD5BAB45FFFAFE5DF97DFE69F968" box="[484,505,1758,1784]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="male"></specimenCount>
[Handwritten] // [Blue paper] //
<typeStatus id="CB4E8870AB45FFFAFCD7F97EFC46F967" box="[878,982,1757,1783]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
[Red paper, vertical orientation, affixed to following label] //
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB45FFFAFE38F8A2FD80F88B" authorityName="Fieber" authorityYear="1866" box="[385,528,1793,1819]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Delphacodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Delphacodes</taxonomicName>
/ havanae /
<specimenCount id="02F3FD5BAB45FFFAFD23F8A1FD3FF88C" box="[666,687,1794,1820]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="male"></specimenCount>
M.G // under / puella / Crawf Col / havana [Handwritten, last line vertical orientation]//
<typeStatus id="CB4E8870AB45FFFAFE32F885FE7DF8D0" box="[395,493,1830,1856]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
[reverse side of previous label, yellow paper] // 1075 [Handwritten]”.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>