treatments-xml/data/9C/5C/87/9C5C87C4AB42FFFCFF2EFF3AFE61F80F.xml
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<document id="ED3312C4B15FFE14BEAF5263D96C8FD4" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4811.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3944031" ID-ZooBank="EB3E2796-D738-405B-AAB7-4D8209214114" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1594719006450" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Weglarz, Kathryn M. &amp; Bartlett, Charles R" docDate="2020" docId="9C5C87C4AB42FFFCFF2EFF3AFE61F80F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4811.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4811 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Chionomus balboae" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="6065FFBCAB4EFFF1FFB9FFA3FF90FF90" masterDocTitle="A revision of the planthopper genus Chionomus Fennah (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae)" masterLastPageNumber="63" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1698781408566" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="5A1097C6923DF73A1AD6600ECBB03827">A revision of the planthopper genus Chionomus Fennah (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="44EFC8EF38F3AF36CB4A4EF1542E93E4" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="15E77E84E0F229319FDC7A75262728D3">Weglarz, Kathryn M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F661F9548F734A58A2A94DA803331BDE">Bartlett, Charles R</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8847EB8375C3EFEA79C74795F7DE8725">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="340E3C2E61402506FE18AB68C43BE3B3">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D290D3E1BB8F35433494958A0F23B67A">2020-07-14</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="7C1DBCA66E2A81D45EA8C9B322948549">4811</mods:number>
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<treatment id="9C5C87C4AB42FFFCFF2EFF3AFE61F80F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9C5C87C4AB42FFFCFF2EFF3AFE61F80F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C5C87C4AB42FFFCFF2EFF3AFE61F80F" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<subSubSection id="5CEF6559AB42FFFDFF2EFF3AFD23FF23" box="[151,691,153,180]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB42FFFDFF2EFF3AFD23FF23" blockId="12.[151,691,153,216]" box="[151,691,153,180]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading id="4F0281BEAB42FFFDFF2EFF3AFD23FF23" bold="true" box="[151,691,153,180]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB42FFFDFF2EFF3AFD23FF23" ID-CoL="69TJ7" authority="(Muir &amp; Giffard, 1924)" baseAuthorityName="Muir &amp; Giffard" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[151,691,153,180]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balboae">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB42FFFDFF2EFF3AFD23FF23" bold="true" box="[151,691,153,180]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB42FFFDFF2EFF3AFE1AFF24" bold="true" box="[151,394,153,180]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Chionomus balboae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="70644B23AB42FFFDFE21FF3AFD3BFF23" author="Muir, F. A. G. &amp; Giffard, W. M." box="[408,683,153,179]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 53" refId="ref29217" refString="Muir, F. A. G. &amp; Giffard, W. M. (1924) Studies in North American Delphacidae. Bulletin of the Experiment Station of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association, Entomological Series, 15, 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1924">Muir &amp; Giffard, 1924</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CEF6559AB42FFFDFF2EFF1EFE35FF47" box="[151,421,189,216]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB42FFFDFF2EFF1EFE35FF47" blockId="12.[151,691,153,216]" box="[151,421,189,216]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
(
<figureCitation id="8CCE2A57AB42FFFDFF26FF1EFE9CFF47" box="[159,268,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1458,1483]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1432]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,181,1432]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. Habitus of Chionomus balboae (A, C, E holotype); A. dorsal view, habitus; B. lateral view, habitus; C. labels of holotype; D. apex of aedeagus, ventral view, E. frontal view, habitus; F. male terminalia, caudal view, G. male terminalia, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3944039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3944039/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figures 4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8CCE2A57AB42FFFDFEA1FF1EFEE3FF48" box="[280,371,189,216]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1618,1643]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,635,1592]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[151,1436,633,1593]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 18. Dorsal and lateral habitus of brachypters of select Chionomus species, A,D. Chionomus havanae, B,E. Chionomus balboae, C,F. Chionomus herkos, G,J. Chionomus pacificus, H,K. Chionomus puellus, I,L. Chionomus quadrispinosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3944068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3944068/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">18b &amp; e</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8CCE2A57AB42FFFDFE39FF1EFE0DFF47" box="[384,413,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1569,1594]" captionTargetBox="[341,1246,885,1543]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[341,1246,885,1544]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 19. Line art of Chionomus havanae terminalia, A. pygofer, caudal view, B. aedeagus and anal tube, left lateral view, C. left paramere, widest view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3944070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3944070/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">19</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CEF6559AB42FFFDFF2EFEA1FCDDFEA8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB42FFFDFF2EFEA1FD14FE8A" blockId="12.[151,845,257,313]" box="[151,644,257,282]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="34E511FCAB42FFFDFF2EFEA1FD14FE8A" box="[151,644,257,282]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<treatmentCitation id="955410C3AB42FFFDFF2EFEA1FD10FE8A" author="Muir, F. A. G. &amp; Giffard, W. M." box="[151,640,257,282]" page="36" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1924">
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB42FFFDFF2EFEA1FD10FE8A" ID-CoL="9XLRC" authority="Muir &amp; Giffard, 1924: 36" authorityName="Muir &amp; Giffard" authorityPageNumber="36" authorityYear="1924" box="[151,640,257,282]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Delphacodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balboae">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB42FFFDFF2EFEA1FEE4FE8A" box="[151,372,258,282]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Delphacodes balboae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="70644B23AB42FFFDFEC3FEA2FD10FE8A" author="Muir, F. A. G. &amp; Giffard, W. M." box="[378,640,257,282]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 53" refId="ref29217" refString="Muir, F. A. G. &amp; Giffard, W. M. (1924) Studies in North American Delphacidae. Bulletin of the Experiment Station of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association, Entomological Series, 15, 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1924">Muir &amp; Giffard, 1924: 36</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB42FFFDFF2EFE83FCDDFEA8" blockId="12.[151,845,257,313]" box="[151,845,288,313]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="34E511FCAB42FFFDFF2EFE83FCDDFEA8" box="[151,845,288,313]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB42FFFDFF2EFE83FD8AFEA9" ID-CoL="69TJ7" authority="(Muir &amp; Giffard)" baseAuthorityName="Muir &amp; Giffard" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[151,538,288,313]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balboae">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB42FFFDFF2EFE83FEF3FEA8" box="[151,355,288,312]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Chionomus balboae</emphasis>
(Muir &amp; Giffard)
</taxonomicName>
, comb. by
<treatmentCitation id="955410C3AB42FFFDFD31FE83FCD8FEA8" author="Fennah, R. G." box="[648,840,288,313]" page="324" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1971">
<bibRefCitation id="70644B23AB42FFFDFD31FE83FCD8FEA8" author="Fennah, R. G." box="[648,840,288,313]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="299 - 342" refId="ref28189" refString="Fennah, R. G. (1971) Fulgoroidea from the Cayman Islands and adjacent areas. Journal of Natural History, 5, 299 - 342. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937100770241" type="journal article" year="1971">Fennah, 1971: 324</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CEF6559AB42FFFDFF2EFEC4FD42FE11" box="[151,722,358,385]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB42FFFDFF2EFEC4FD42FE11" blockId="12.[151,1437,358,1933]" box="[151,722,358,385]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<materialsCitation id="A49D3C8FAB42FFFDFF2EFEC4FD5EFE11" box="[151,718,358,385]" country="Mexico" location="Jalapa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB42FFFDFF2EFEC4FED0FE11" bold="true" box="[151,320,358,385]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<typeStatus id="CB4E8870AB42FFFDFF2EFEC4FF42FE11" box="[151,210,359,385]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Type</typeStatus>
Locality.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB42FFFDFEFEFEC4FE0FFE11" box="[327,415,359,385]" name="Mexico" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mexico</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB42FFFDFE13FEC4FD81FE11" box="[426,529,359,385]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="112A6009AB42FFFDFDA5FEC4FDF2FE11" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9C5C87C4AB42FFFCFF2EFF3AFE61F80F:112A6009AB42FFFDFDA5FEC4FDF2FE11" box="[540,610,359,385]" country="Mexico" name="Jalapa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" stateProvince="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave">Jalapa</location>
[Xalapa]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CEF6559AB42FFFDFF7EFE29FD12FDA5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB42FFFDFF7EFE29FD12FDA5" blockId="12.[151,1437,358,1933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB42FFFDFF7EFE29FED2FE35" bold="true" box="[199,322,394,421]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Body dark brown and shining, with white to ivory markings. Vertex quadrate; foveae of frons and vertex dark. Carinae distinct, off-white in color; antennae light brown. Pronotum dark anteriorly with band of white along posterior edge, paranota paler at posterior edge. Armature of diaphragm forming triangular or cordate boss, apex of parameres anvil-shaped. Aedeagus tubular, right side bearing preapical hook with proximal flange on distal third opposite 2 preapical spines on the left.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CEF6559AB42FFFDFF7EFD9DFDC2F925" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB42FFFDFF7EFD9DFE41FBE5" blockId="12.[151,1437,358,1933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB42FFFDFF7EFD9DFEC9FDC9" bold="true" box="[199,345,574,601]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB42FFFDFEE6FD9CFE30FDC9" box="[351,416,575,601]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Color</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB42FFFDFE17FDE3FDB5FDC9" box="[430,549,576,601]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Macropter</emphasis>
. Body dark, brunneous, shining, with white or ivory markings. Carinae of head (including genal carinae) distinct, ochraceous to off-white in color, usually with a small amount brown at apex of carinae; median carinae of vertex less evident. Antennae brown to light brown proximally, shading distally paler to yellow. Pronotum dark brown to brown anteriorly, posterior edge and ventral edge of paranota white to ivory. Mesonotum dark, median and lateral carinae light brown in some specimens. Legs light brown, with hind legs lighter, occasionally yellow. Forewings hyaline, sometimes with faint fuscous markings, dark spot just before apex of clavus. Abdomen brown, caudal edge of each segment lightened to yellow or white, lateral projections of sternites yellow to white. Pygofer and segment X brown.
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB42FFFDFD0BFC98FCA0FCC5" box="[690,816,827,853]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Brachypter</emphasis>
. Similar to above, tegmina infuscate, white stripe along apex, darkened spot near apex of clavus.
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB42FFFDFDD0FCFCFD40FCE9" box="[617,720,863,889]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Structure</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB42FFFDFD66FCFCFC89FCE9" box="[735,793,863,889]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Body</emphasis>
. Body length (in mm)
<specimenCount id="02F3FD5BAB42FFFDFBA5FCFCFBA1FCE9" box="[1052,1073,863,889]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="male"></specimenCount>
macropter 1.67±0.13 (n=25);
<specimenCount id="02F3FD5BAB42FFFDFA3EFCFCFA0CFCE9" box="[1415,1436,863,889]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="male"></specimenCount>
brachypter 1.74 (n=1); width
<specimenCount id="02F3FD5BAB42FFFDFE5CFC20FE6AFC0D" box="[485,506,899,925]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="male"></specimenCount>
0.71±0.09 (n=25).
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB42FFFDFD6EFC20FC84FC0D" box="[727,788,899,925]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Head</emphasis>
. Vertex length 0.17±0.03 (n=25); vertex width 0.17±0.03 (n=25); frons length 0.45±0.03 (n=25); frons width 0.20±0.02 (n=25).
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB42FFFDFC0CFC0BFBBCFC51" box="[949,1068,936,961]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Macropter</emphasis>
. Carinae of vertex distinct, stem of Y-shaped carina faint. In lateral view (
<figureCitation id="8CCE2A57AB42FFFDFDD1FC68FD4BFC76" box="[616,731,971,998]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1458,1483]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1432]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,181,1432]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. Habitus of Chionomus balboae (A, C, E holotype); A. dorsal view, habitus; B. lateral view, habitus; C. labels of holotype; D. apex of aedeagus, ventral view, E. frontal view, habitus; F. male terminalia, caudal view, G. male terminalia, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3944039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3944039/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 4b</figureCitation>
), fastigium rounded; projecting in front of the eye about 1/5th eye length. Carinae of frons and clypeus distinct (
<figureCitation id="8CCE2A57AB42FFFDFD70FC4CFCA9FB99" box="[713,825,1007,1033]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1458,1483]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1432]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,181,1432]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. Habitus of Chionomus balboae (A, C, E holotype); A. dorsal view, habitus; B. lateral view, habitus; C. labels of holotype; D. apex of aedeagus, ventral view, E. frontal view, habitus; F. male terminalia, caudal view, G. male terminalia, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3944039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3944039/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 4e</figureCitation>
), frons subparallel, widest just below compound eyes. Antennal segments subequal in length, segment II wider than segment I; 2nd segment sparsely setaceous, bearing sensory pits arranged 4, 34, 2, 2, evenly spaced around segment. Sensory pits surrounded by small black setae.
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB42FFFDFF2EFBF8FE85FBE5" box="[151,277,1115,1141]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Brachypter</emphasis>
. Same as above.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB42FFFDFF7EFBDCFA98FA95" blockId="12.[151,1437,358,1933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB42FFFDFF7EFBDCFE0FFB09" box="[199,415,1151,1177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Thorax. Macropter</emphasis>
. Carinae of mesonotum weak, median carina ending anterior to scutellum, lateral carinae faint, diverging posteriorly to reach hind margin. Legs with 2 rows setae on ventral margin of femora, mostly bare. Calcar bearing 2226 small teeth (
<typeStatus id="CB4E8870AB42FFFDFDABFB64FDE6FB71" box="[530,630,1223,1249]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
with 22).
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB42FFFDFD5CFB64FCF7FB71" box="[741,871,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Brachypter.</emphasis>
Same as above but with lateral carinae mesonotum evident, diverging posteriorly; tegmina apically rounded, reaching to apex of 7th abdominal segment.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB42FFFDFF7EFAACFD5FFADD" blockId="12.[151,1437,358,1933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB42FFFDFF7EFAACFEA1FAB9" box="[199,305,1295,1321]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Abdomen</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB42FFFDFEF9FAB3FE27FAB9" box="[320,439,1296,1321]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Macropter</emphasis>
. Compressed dorsoventrally, tapering caudad to truncate apex; abdominal spiracles surrounded by fine setae.
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB42FFFDFE2CFA90FD83FADD" box="[405,531,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Brachypter</emphasis>
. Same as above.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB42FFFDFF7EFAF4FAF2F901" blockId="12.[151,1437,358,1933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB42FFFDFF7EFAF4FEA1FAE1" box="[199,305,1367,1393]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Genitalia</emphasis>
. Pygofer in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="8CCE2A57AB42FFFDFDF5FAF4FD2BFAE1" box="[588,699,1367,1393]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1458,1483]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1432]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,181,1432]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. Habitus of Chionomus balboae (A, C, E holotype); A. dorsal view, habitus; B. lateral view, habitus; C. labels of holotype; D. apex of aedeagus, ventral view, E. frontal view, habitus; F. male terminalia, caudal view, G. male terminalia, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3944039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3944039/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Figure
<quantity id="D30D9B37AB42FFFDFD27FAF4FD2BFAE1" box="[670,699,1367,1393]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="g" value="4.0">4g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
) nearly 2/3rds as long dorsally as ventrad, ventral margin sinuate. In caudal view (
<figureCitation id="8CCE2A57AB42FFFDFEF1FAD8FE22FA05" box="[328,434,1403,1429]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1458,1483]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1432]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,181,1432]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. Habitus of Chionomus balboae (A, C, E holotype); A. dorsal view, habitus; B. lateral view, habitus; C. labels of holotype; D. apex of aedeagus, ventral view, E. frontal view, habitus; F. male terminalia, caudal view, G. male terminalia, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3944039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3944039/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 4f</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8CCE2A57AB42FFFDFE04FAD8FE79FA05" box="[445,489,1403,1429]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1094,1119]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,189,1068]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,181,1068]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 20. Line art of Chionomus balboae terminalia, A. pygofer, caudal view, B. anal tube, left lateral view, C. aedeagus, left lateral view; D. left paramere, widest view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3944072" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3944072/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">20a</figureCitation>
), as tall as wide, rounded; margins raised, weakly carinate. Opening to inner chamber triangular, pointed ventrad. Armature of diaphragm triangular to heart shaped, smooth, distinctly projecting caudad. Parameres, widest in basal third, basal angle strong, projecting, quadrate; dorsolaterally diverging to anvil-shaped apices, lateral margins concave, inner angles weak, acute; outer angles produced to rounded apices. Aedeagus circular in cross-section, slightly curved dorsad, widest near base, slightly tapering for most of length, with slight subapical expansion before pointed apex; Aedeagus bearing 1 to 2 teeth on left and large subapical flange on right bearing 2 hooks; distal hook large, directed caudoventrally; proximal hook smaller, directed anteriorly; gonopore dorsal, subapical. Segment X quadrate, processes vestigial. Segment XI produced, about 2/3rds length of segment X.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB42FFFDFF7EF938FDC2F925" blockId="12.[151,1437,358,1933]" box="[199,594,1690,1717]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB42FFFDFF7EF938FE33F925" bold="true" box="[199,419,1690,1717]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Plant associations.</emphasis>
None reported.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CEF6559AB42FFFDFF7EF91DFD31F81D" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB42FFFDFF7EF91DFDA3F8F9" blockId="12.[151,1437,358,1933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB42FFFDFF7EF91DFEF1F949" bold="true" box="[199,353,1726,1753]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB42FFFDFED3F91CFE36F949" box="[362,422,1727,1753]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">USA</collectingCountry>
: FL;
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB42FFFDFE5DF91CFDAAF949" box="[484,570,1727,1753]" name="Mexico" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB42FFFDFDF2F91CFD56F949" box="[587,710,1727,1753]" country="Mexico" name="Campeche" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Campeche</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB42FFFDFD6AF91CFCB2F949" box="[723,802,1727,1753]" country="Mexico" name="Jalisco" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Jalisco</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB42FFFDFC96F91CFC2FF949" box="[815,959,1727,1753]" country="Mexico" name="Distrito Federal" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mexico City</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB42FFFDFC74F91CFBB4F949" box="[973,1060,1727,1753]" country="Mexico" name="Sinaloa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Sinaloa</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB42FFFDFB88F91CFB25F949" box="[1073,1205,1727,1753]" country="Mexico" name="Tamaulipas" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tamaulipas</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB42FFFDFB78F91CFABAF949" box="[1217,1322,1727,1753]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
);
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB42FFFDFA86F91CFF7AF96D" name="Cayman Islands" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Cayman Islands</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB42FFFDFF4EF940FED2F96D" box="[247,322,1763,1789]" name="Belize" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Belize</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB42FFFDFEF6F940FE5CF96D" box="[335,460,1763,1789]" name="Guatemala" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB42FFFDFE60F940FDDAF96D" box="[473,586,1763,1789]" name="Honduras" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Honduras</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB42FFFDFDEFF940FD46F96D" box="[598,726,1763,1789]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB42FFFDFD5AF940FCAFF96D" box="[739,831,1763,1789]" name="Panama" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Panama</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB42FFFDFCF5F940FC2EF96D" box="[844,958,1763,1789]" name="Colombia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Colombia</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB42FFFDFC72F940FBE5F96D" box="[971,1141,1763,1789]" name="French Guiana" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB42FFFDFB3BF940FB69F96D" box="[1154,1273,1763,1789]" name="Venezuela" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB42FFFDFABFF940FADAF96D" box="[1286,1354,1763,1789]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(Amazonas,
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB42FFFDFF51F8A4FE8DF8B1" box="[232,285,1799,1825]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pará</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB42FFFDFE92F8A4FE47F8B1" box="[299,471,1799,1825]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB42FFFDFE5CF8A4FDC5F8B1" box="[485,597,1799,1825]" country="Brazil" name="Rondonia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Rondonia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB42FFFDFDDDF8A4FC80F8B2" box="[612,784,1799,1826]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
);
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB42FFFDFC9FF8A4FC17F8B1" box="[806,903,1799,1825]" name="Ecuador" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB42FFFDFC2FF8A4FC7CF8B1" box="[918,1004,1799,1825]" name="Bolivia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB42FFFDFC43F8A4FBF6F8B1" box="[1018,1126,1799,1825]" name="Paraguay" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB42FFFDFBCCF8A4FB4BF8B1" box="[1141,1243,1799,1825]" name="Uruguay" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB42FFFDFB5EF8A4FACAF8B1" box="[1255,1370,1799,1825]" name="Argentina" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Argentina</collectingCountry>
; Also reported:
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB42FFFDFEBAF888FECAF8D5" box="[259,346,1835,1861]" name="Guyana" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Guyana</collectingCountry>
(as
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB42FFFDFE3EF888FDBDF8D5" box="[391,557,1835,1861]" name="Guyana" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">British Guiana</collectingCountry>
;
<bibRefCitation id="70644B23AB42FFFDFD81F888FD22F8D6" author="Muir, F. A. G." box="[568,690,1835,1862]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 51" refId="ref29110" refString="Muir, F. A. G. (1926) Contributions to our knowledge of South American Fulgoroidea (Homoptera): Part I. The family Delphacidae. Bulletin of the Experiment Station of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters Association, Entomological Series, 18, 1 - 51." type="journal article" year="1926">Muir 1926</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB42FFFDFD7CF888FC8BF8D5" box="[709,795,1835,1861]" name="Mexico" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB42FFFDFC90F888FC18F8D5" box="[809,904,1835,1861]" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB42FFFDFC2BF888FC78F8D5" box="[914,1000,1835,1861]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
)
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB42FFFDFC4CF888FB71F8D5" box="[1013,1249,1835,1861]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Dominican Republic</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB42FFFDFB52F888FAD9F8D5" box="[1259,1353,1835,1861]" name="Jamaica" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB42FFFDFAEAF888FF5FF8F9" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="6CE27642AB42FFFDFF62F8ECFED0F8F9" box="[219,320,1871,1897]" name="Saint Lucia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">St. Lucia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="70644B23AB42FFFDFEF7F8ECFDB7F8F9" author="Bartlett, C. R. &amp; O'Brien, L. B. &amp; Wilson, S. W." box="[334,551,1871,1897]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 287" refId="ref27290" refString="Bartlett, C. R., O'Brien, L. B. &amp; Wilson, S. W. (2014) A review of the planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) of the United States. Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, 50, 1 - 287." type="journal article" year="2014">
Bartlett
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB42FFFDFE12F8F3FE4CF8F9" box="[427,476,1871,1897]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB42FFFDFF7EF8D1FD31F81D" blockId="12.[151,1437,358,1933]" box="[199,673,1906,1933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB42FFFDFF7EF8D1FD89F81D" bold="true" box="[199,537,1906,1933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">GenBank accession number.</emphasis>
<accessionNumber id="0BA6AB31AB42FFFDFD99F8D1FD31F81D" box="[544,673,1906,1933]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MN339592" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MN339592</accessionNumber>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="408A665AAB43FFFCFF2EFA11FF5EF983" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3944039" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3944039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3944039/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[151,250,1458,1483]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1432]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB43FFFCFF2EFA11FF5EF983" blockId="13.[151,1436,1458,1555]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB43FFFCFF2EFA11FE84FA5B" bold="true" box="[151,276,1458,1483]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Habitus of
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB43FFFCFE36FA11FDCCFA5A" baseAuthorityName="Muir &amp; Giffard" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[399,604,1458,1482]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balboae">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB43FFFCFE36FA11FDCCFA5A" box="[399,604,1458,1482]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Chionomus balboae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(A, C, E holotype); A. dorsal view, habitus; B. lateral view, habitus; C. labels of holotype; D. apex of aedeagus, ventral view, E. frontal view, habitus; F. male terminalia, caudal view, G. male terminalia, lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="5CEF6559AB43FFFCFF7EF9C6FD0AF89E" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB43FFFCFF7EF9C6FD0AF89E" blockId="13.[151,1436,1636,1951]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB43FFFCFF7EF9C6FEABF9EF" bold="true" box="[199,315,1637,1663]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species is very frequently collected with
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB43FFFCFCEEF9C6FC49F9EF" baseAuthorityName="Muir &amp; Giffard" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[855,985,1637,1663]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="havanae">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB43FFFCFCEEF9C6FC49F9EF" box="[855,985,1637,1663]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. havanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at lights. The combination of the anvil shape of the parameres and the frequent projection of the large hook on aedeagus easily separates it from
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB43FFFCFAEDF92AFF4AF956" baseAuthorityName="Muir &amp; Giffard" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="havanae">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB43FFFCFAEDF92AFF4AF956" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. havanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This species may be close to
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB43FFFCFD8AF90EFD23F957" baseAuthorityName="Muir &amp; Giffard" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[563,691,1709,1735]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="havanae">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB43FFFCFD8AF90EFD23F957" box="[563,691,1709,1735]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. havanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB43FFFCFD52F90EFCE5F957" baseAuthorityName="Muir" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[747,885,1709,1735]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haywardi">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB43FFFCFD52F90EFCE5F957" box="[747,885,1709,1735]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. haywardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because of the triangular shaped armature of the diaphragm. Both of these species lack similar arming of the aedeagus,
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB43FFFCFC7CF972FBD7F97B" baseAuthorityName="Muir &amp; Giffard" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[965,1095,1745,1771]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="havanae">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB43FFFCFC7CF972FBD7F97B" box="[965,1095,1745,1771]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. havanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bears a dorsal spine while
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB43FFFCFA3AF972FE90F89F" baseAuthorityName="Muir" baseAuthorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Chionomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haywardi">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB43FFFCFA3AF972FE90F89F" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. haywardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is armed with small, scattered teeth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CEF6559AB43FFFCFF7EF8BAFE61F80F" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="144A36D2AB43FFFCFF7EF8BAFE61F80F" blockId="13.[151,1436,1636,1951]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="2681EAC0AB43FFFCFF7EF8BAFE7FF8A3" bold="true" box="[199,495,1816,1843]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Type material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="A49D3C8FAB43FFFCFE4FF8BBFE61F80F" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="Macropterous" determinerName="Crawford." location="Jalapa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="Jalapa" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="CB4E8870AB43FFFCFE4FF8BBFDCEF8A2" box="[502,606,1816,1842]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
[
<collectionCode id="72E4AE17AB43FFFCFDD5F8BBFD53F8A3" box="[620,707,1816,1843]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
]:
<collectorName id="B9005304AB43FFFCFD6DF8BAFCE0F8A3" box="[724,880,1817,1843]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Macropterous</collectorName>
<specimenCount id="02F3FD5BAB43FFFCFCCFF8BAFC1DF8A3" box="[886,909,1817,1843]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="male"></specimenCount>
, “
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB43FFFCFC1AF8BBFC7CF8A2" box="[931,1004,1816,1842]" country="Guatemala" name="Jalapa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Jalapa</collectingRegion>
/ Crawford // [Blue paper] //
<typeStatus id="CB4E8870AB43FFFCFA8DF8BBFA0CF8A2" box="[1332,1436,1816,1842]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
[Red paper, vertical orientation, affixed to following label] //
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB43FFFCFCE9F89FFC71F8C6" authorityName="Fieber" authorityYear="1866" box="[848,993,1852,1878]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Delphacodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Delphacodes</taxonomicName>
/ balboae /
<specimenCount id="02F3FD5BAB43FFFCFBD1F89EFBEDF8C7" box="[1128,1149,1853,1879]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="male"></specimenCount>
M.G. [Handwritten] //
<specimenCount id="02F3FD5BAB43FFFCFA3EF89EFA0CF8C7" box="[1415,1436,1853,1879]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="male"></specimenCount>
gen. Slide No 8 / Series II/
<taxonomicName id="D3F54D51AB43FFFCFE7CF8C3FD49F8EA" authority="Crawf." authorityName="Crawf." box="[453,729,1888,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Liburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacifica">Liburnia pacifica Crawf.</taxonomicName>
/ det.
<determinerName id="E196DA16AB43FFFCFCA4F8C3FC00F8EA" box="[797,912,1888,1914]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Crawford.</determinerName>
/ Single
<specimenCount id="02F3FD5BAB43FFFCFC4BF8C2FB97F8EB" box="[1010,1031,1889,1915]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="male"></specimenCount>
/
<collectingRegion id="D631F830AB43FFFCFBA5F8C3FBF5F8EA" box="[1052,1125,1888,1914]" country="Guatemala" name="Jalapa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Jalapa</collectingRegion>
, mex. / Crawf. Coll. [Hand- written] // 854 [Handwritten]”.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>