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<document id="6B5F2DE238D73EEA374BE0CA4731BE19" ID-CLB-Dataset="25024" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2019.572" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0de36645-90d1-4bcb-bb46-3b84c1de037e" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3526896" ID-ZooBank="A28B6248-D883-4FBC-B30E-3CE6596C384F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1572853033734" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Oliveira, Livia M., Carvalho, João Paulo &amp; Rocha, Rosana M." docDate="2019" docId="9C4687FE4A79FFEFAF5B96B8EC64458A" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-572_oliveira_carvalho_rocha.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 572" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Leptoclinides torosus F. Monniot 1983" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="607FFF864A70FFE4AD6B9374ED6A401A" masterDocTitle="Leptoclinides (Ascidiacea, Didemnidae) from Brazil: new records and two new species" masterLastPageNumber="16" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1698761520721" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="7260401DFBE8FDB9C9E48A3B32CFD174">Leptoclinides (Ascidiacea, Didemnidae) from Brazil: new records and two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="67B9102963AC3E856174F27EB877D650">Oliveira, Livia M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="933805B2351FE0EF0A8A436E66A31D58">Carvalho, João Paulo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D94EB25D1395BBD4D1705CAB0A3200A6">Rocha, Rosana M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="192D13EB6C53A0209203C040D9EB1428">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="957155183C937CC2782F9EC4BEEB4249">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="739F9B0D09FD58EC922EF491968CC5E6">2019-10-29</mods:number>
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<treatment id="9C4687FE4A79FFEFAF5B96B8EC64458A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5664380" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160126555" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5664380" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9C4687FE4A79FFEFAF5B96B8EC64458A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C4687FE4A79FFEFAF5B96B8EC64458A" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<subSubSection id="5CF565634A79FFEDAF5B96B8E96E45FD" box="[560,1028,1484,1511]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="145036E84A79FFEDAF5B96B8E96E45FD" blockId="9.[560,1028,1484,1546]" box="[560,1028,1484,1511]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="4F1881844A79FFEDAF5B96B8E96E45FD" box="[560,1028,1484,1511]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="D3EF4D6B4A79FFEDAF5B96B8E96E45FD" authority="F. Monniot, 1983" authorityName="F. Monniot" authorityYear="1983" box="[560,1028,1484,1511]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Leptoclinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A79FFEDAF5B96B8EE5B45FD" bold="true" box="[560,817,1484,1511]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Leptoclinides torosus</emphasis>
F.
<bibRefCitation id="707E4B194A79FFEDAE3E96B9E96E45FD" author="Monniot F." box="[853,1028,1485,1511]" firstAuthor="Monniot" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 4 eme" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="5 - 49" part="1" refId="ref7085" refString="Monniot F. 1983. Ascidies littorales de Guadeloupe I. Didemnidae. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 4 eme Serie 5 A (1): 5 - 49." title="Ascidies littorales de Guadeloupe I. Didemnidae" type="journal article" year="1983">Monniot, 1983</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CF565634A79FFEDAF9C9684EE564610" box="[759,828,1520,1546]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
<paragraph id="145036E84A79FFEDAF9C9684EE564610" blockId="9.[560,1028,1484,1546]" box="[759,828,1520,1546]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<figureCitation id="8CD42A6D4A79FFEDAF9C9684EE564610" box="[759,828,1520,1546]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1917,1943]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1743]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[189,1399,265,1836]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 4. Leptoclinides torosus F. Monniot, 1983. A. Colony in situ. B. Detail of the surface of the colony (DZUP LEP-017). C. Spicule. D–E. Thorax. Atrial siphon inadvertently removed during dissection in E. F. Abdomen (DZUP DID-171). Scale bars: D–F = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3526906" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3526906/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CF565634A79FFEDADD69545EE084651" box="[189,866,1585,1612]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="145036E84A79FFEDADD69545EE084651" blockId="9.[189,866,1585,1612]" box="[189,866,1585,1612]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="34FF11C64A79FFEDADD69545EE084651" box="[189,866,1585,1612]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="D3EF4D6B4A79FFEDADD69545EFD24651" authority="F. Monniot, 1983: 17" authorityName="F. Monniot" authorityPageNumber="17" authorityYear="1983" box="[189,696,1585,1612]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Leptoclinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A79FFEDADD69545ECDD4651" box="[189,439,1585,1611]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Leptoclinides torosus</emphasis>
F.
<treatmentCitation id="954E10F94A79FFEDACB79545EFD24651" author="Monniot F." box="[476,696,1585,1611]" page="17" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="707E4B194A79FFEDACB79545EFD24651" author="Monniot F." box="[476,696,1585,1611]" firstAuthor="Monniot" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 4 eme" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="5 - 49" part="1" refId="ref7085" refString="Monniot F. 1983. Ascidies littorales de Guadeloupe I. Didemnidae. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 4 eme Serie 5 A (1): 5 - 49." title="Ascidies littorales de Guadeloupe I. Didemnidae" type="journal article" year="1983">Monniot, 1983: 17</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, fig. 5; pl. 1D.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CF565634A79FFEDADD69507EE30473F" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="145036E84A79FFEDADD69507ECC04697" blockId="9.[189,426,1651,1677]" box="[189,426,1651,1677]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="4F1881844A79FFEDADD69507ECC04697" bold="true" box="[189,426,1651,1677]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="3">
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A79FFEDADD69507ECC04697" bold="true" box="[189,426,1651,1677]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="145036E84A79FFEDADD695D6EE30473F" blockId="9.[189,1399,1696,1829]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<materialsCitation id="A4873CB54A79FFEDADD695D6E80E46C5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2446784909" collectingDate="1999-08-03" collectionCode="DZUP" collectorName="R. M. Rocha" country="Brazil" elevation="8" latitude="-12.932222" location="Boa Viagem" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-38.51389" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" specimenCode="LEP-001, DID3.29, DID3.31, DID-171" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia">
<collectingCountry id="6CF876784A79FFEDADD695D6EC4C46A6" box="[189,294,1698,1724]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
• 2 colonies;
<collectingRegion id="D62BF80A4A79FFEDACA295D5EF7A46A1" box="[457,528,1697,1723]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Bahia</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="113060334A79FFEDAF7695D6EFC546A1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9C4687FE4A79FFEFAF5B96B8EC64458A:113060334A79FFEDAF7695D6EFC546A1" box="[541,687,1697,1724]" country="Brazil" latitude="-12.932222" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-38.51389" name="Boa Viagem" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" stateProvince="Bahia">Boa Viagem</location>
shipwreck;
<geoCoordinate id="71DB502F4A79FFEDAE2B95D4EEA446A1" box="[832,974,1696,1724]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="15" seconds="56" value="-12.932222">12º55′56″ S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="71DB502F4A79FFEDAEB795D4E91C46A6" box="[988,1142,1696,1724]" degrees="38" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="15" seconds="50" value="-38.51389">38º30′50″ W</geoCoordinate>
;
<elevation id="9FC2D1DB4A79FFEDA9E895D5E87146A1" box="[1155,1307,1697,1724]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="7.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="7.0">
<quantity id="D3179B0D4A79FFEDA9E895D5E9A446A6" box="[1155,1230,1697,1724]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="7.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="7.0">7–8 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
;
<date id="605110284A79FFEDA84C95D5ED9146C5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1999-08-03">
<collectingDate id="7015E9C04A79FFEDA84C95D5ED9146C5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1999-08-03">3 Aug. 1999</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="B91A533E4A79FFEDAC6395B1ECF246C4" box="[264,408,1732,1759]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R.M. Rocha</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectionCode id="72FEAE2D4A79FFEDACB695B1EF4346C5" box="[477,553,1733,1759]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="University or college">DZUP</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="44499E934A79FFEDAF5A95B1EFF746C5" box="[561,669,1733,1759]" collectionCode="LEP-" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">LEP-001</specimenCode>
, slides
<collectionCode id="72FEAE2D4A79FFEDAF9D95B1EE2846C5" box="[758,834,1733,1759]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="University or college">DZUP</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="44499E934A79FFEDAE2195B1EED846C5" box="[842,946,1733,1759]" collectionCode="DID" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">DID3.29</specimenCode>
to
<collectionCode id="72FEAE2D4A79FFEDAEB195B1E94C46C5" box="[986,1062,1733,1759]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="University or college">DZUP</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="44499E934A79FFEDA94595B1E9F246C5" box="[1070,1176,1733,1759]" collectionCode="DID" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">DID3.31</specimenCode>
,
<collectionCode id="72FEAE2D4A79FFEDA9CE95B1E99B46C5" box="[1189,1265,1733,1759]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="University or college">DZUP</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="44499E934A79FFEDA99195B1E80E46C5" box="[1274,1380,1733,1759]" collectionCode="DID-" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">DID-171</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="A4873CB54A79FFEDADD6959CEE3F473F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2446784892" collectingDate="2017-03-28" collectionCode="DZUP" collectorName="R. M. Rocha" country="Brazil" elevation="8" latitude="-20.69972" location="Escalvada Island" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" specimenCode="LEP-017, DID3.83" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">
1 colony;
<collectingRegion id="D62BF80A4A79FFEDAC56959CEC874718" box="[317,493,1768,1794]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="113060334A79FFEDAC96959CEFA64718" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9C4687FE4A79FFEFAF5B96B8EC64458A:113060334A79FFEDAC96959CEFA64718" box="[509,716,1768,1794]" country="Brazil" latitude="-20.69972" name="Escalvada Island" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">Escalvada Island</location>
;
<geoCoordinate id="71DB502F4A79FFEDAFB69592EE1A4718" box="[733,880,1766,1794]" degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="15" seconds="59" value="-20.69972">20º41′59″ S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="71DB502F4A79FFEDAEE99592E94A4718" box="[898,1056,1766,1794]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">40º24′82″ W</geoCoordinate>
;
<elevation id="9FC2D1DB4A79FFEDA95A959CE9DF4718" box="[1073,1205,1768,1794]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="8.0">
<quantity id="D3179B0D4A79FFEDA95A959CE90E4718" box="[1073,1124,1768,1794]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="8.0">8 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
;
<date id="605110284A79FFEDA9AD959CE8184718" box="[1222,1394,1768,1794]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2017-03-28">
<collectingDate id="7015E9C04A79FFEDA9AD959CE8184718" box="[1222,1394,1768,1794]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2017-03-28">28 Mar. 2017</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="B91A533E4A79FFEDADD6947FEC26473F" box="[189,332,1803,1829]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R.M. Rocha</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectionCode id="72FEAE2D4A79FFEDACE5947FECB3473F" box="[398,473,1803,1829]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="University or college">DZUP</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="44499E934A79FFEDAC8B947FEF27473F" box="[480,589,1803,1829]" collectionCode="LEP-" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">LEP-017</specimenCode>
, slide
<collectionCode id="72FEAE2D4A79FFEDAFF3947FEF89473F" box="[664,739,1803,1829]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="University or college">DZUP</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="44499E934A79FFEDAF80947FEE3F473F" box="[747,853,1803,1829]" collectionCode="DID" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">DID3.83</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CF565634A79FFEFADD69438ED9B43C6" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
<paragraph id="145036E84A79FFEDADD69438EC24477C" blockId="9.[189,334,1868,1894]" box="[189,334,1868,1894]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="4F1881844A79FFEDADD69438EC24477C" bold="true" box="[189,334,1868,1894]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="3">
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A79FFEDADD69438EC24477C" bold="true" box="[189,334,1868,1894]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="145036E84A79FFEFADD6940FE9AD4176" blockId="9.[189,1399,1915,2012]" lastBlockId="11.[189,1399,267,364]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Colonies were found on exposed granitic substrate around
<quantity id="D3179B0D4A79FFEDAE16940FEEC6478F" box="[893,940,1915,1941]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="8.0">8 m</quantity>
deep. Brazilian specimens form black colonies
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A79FFEDAC4294EBEC1E47A2" box="[297,372,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">in situ</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="8CD42A6D4A79FFEDACE394EAECBA47A2" box="[392,464,1950,1976]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1917,1943]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1743]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[189,1399,265,1836]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 4. Leptoclinides torosus F. Monniot, 1983. A. Colony in situ. B. Detail of the surface of the colony (DZUP LEP-017). C. Spicule. D–E. Thorax. Atrial siphon inadvertently removed during dissection in E. F. Abdomen (DZUP DID-171). Scale bars: D–F = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3526906" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3526906/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A–B) that when fixed turn whitish brown. Colonies are 2.5–6.0 cm wide and
<quantity id="D3179B0D4A79FFEDADD694B5EC4B47C6" box="[189,289,1985,2012]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 mm</quantity>
thick. The tunic is firm, smooth and has no encrustations. Spicules are star-shaped, usually
<quantity id="D3179B0D4A7BFFEFADD6927FEC61413C" box="[189,267,267,294]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 µm</quantity>
in diameter; however, the larger ones can reach
<quantity id="D3179B0D4A7BFFEFAE25927FEEF6413C" box="[846,924,267,294]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="70.0">70 µm</quantity>
in diameter. The spicules are uniformly distributed in low density in the tunic, with 8–10, usually conical rays in cross section. Between the conical rays there are granulated areas that resemble very short truncated rays (
<figureCitation id="8CD42A6D4A7BFFEFA9369226E9D04176" box="[1117,1210,338,364]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1917,1943]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1743]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[189,1399,265,1836]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 4. Leptoclinides torosus F. Monniot, 1983. A. Colony in situ. B. Detail of the surface of the colony (DZUP LEP-017). C. Spicule. D–E. Thorax. Atrial siphon inadvertently removed during dissection in E. F. Abdomen (DZUP DID-171). Scale bars: D–F = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3526906" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3526906/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="409066604A7AFFEEADD69409EEF947C4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3526906" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3526906" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3526906/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[189,232,1917,1943]" targetBox="[189,1398,265,1743]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="145036E84A7AFFEEADD69409EEF947C4" blockId="10.[189,1399,1917,2014]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A7AFFEEADD69409EC60478D" bold="true" box="[189,266,1917,1943]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D3EF4D6B4A7AFFEEAC7A9409EF8B478D" authority="F. Monniot, 1983" authorityName="F. Monniot" authorityYear="1983" box="[273,737,1917,1944]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Leptoclinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A7AFFEEAC7A9409EF66478D" box="[273,524,1917,1943]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Leptoclinides torosus</emphasis>
F.
<bibRefCitation id="707E4B194A7AFFEEAF5B9409EF8B478D" author="Monniot F." box="[560,737,1917,1943]" firstAuthor="Monniot" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 4 eme" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="5 - 49" part="1" refId="ref7085" refString="Monniot F. 1983. Ascidies littorales de Guadeloupe I. Didemnidae. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 4 eme Serie 5 A (1): 5 - 49." title="Ascidies littorales de Guadeloupe I. Didemnidae" type="journal article" year="1983">Monniot, 1983</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A7AFFEEAF879409EE6B478D" bold="true" box="[748,769,1917,1943]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A</emphasis>
. Colony
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A7AFFEEAE05940AEEDC478D" box="[878,950,1918,1943]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">in situ</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A7AFFEEAEAE9409EEB3478D" bold="true" box="[965,985,1917,1943]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B</emphasis>
. Detail of the surface of the colony (DZUP LEP-017).
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A7AFFEEACF494D4ECDE47A0" bold="true" box="[415,436,1952,1978]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C</emphasis>
. Spicule.
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A7AFFEEAF4794D5EF0947A1" bold="true" box="[556,611,1953,1979]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">D–E</emphasis>
. Thorax. Atrial siphon inadvertently removed during dissection in E.
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A7AFFEEADB594B0ED9A47C4" bold="true" box="[222,240,1988,2014]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">F</emphasis>
. Abdomen (DZUP DID-171). Scale bars: D–F = 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="145036E84A7BFFEFADD692E7EC1B4349" blockId="11.[189,1399,403,852]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Zooids are ~
<quantity id="D3179B0D4A7BFFEFAC3092E7ECDC41B4" box="[347,438,403,430]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
long, with a
<quantity id="D3179B0D4A7BFFEFAF3892E7EFC441B4" box="[595,686,403,430]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
long thorax and
<quantity id="D3179B0D4A7BFFEFAE1392E7EEB941B4" box="[888,979,403,430]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
long abdomen. The thorax has 7–8 longitudinal muscle fibers on each side (
<figureCitation id="8CD42A6D4A7BFFEFAFC992C2EE6941CA" box="[674,771,438,464]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1917,1943]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1743]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[189,1399,265,1836]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 4. Leptoclinides torosus F. Monniot, 1983. A. Colony in situ. B. Detail of the surface of the colony (DZUP LEP-017). C. Spicule. D–E. Thorax. Atrial siphon inadvertently removed during dissection in E. F. Abdomen (DZUP DID-171). Scale bars: D–F = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3526906" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3526906/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
). The oral siphon is
<quantity id="D3179B0D4A7BFFEFAE9192C2E90F41CB" box="[1018,1125,438,465]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="0.25">0.25 mm</quantity>
long, tubular and with six short, rounded lobes along the margin. In some zooids the oral siphon is difficult to see, appearing as though it has no lobes. The atrial siphon is tubular and arises from the base of the thorax, with many circular muscle fibers (19–20) along its length. The siphon opens at the level of the fourth row of stigmata, usually downward oriented. In some zooids, the atrial and oral siphons are about the same length. The thoracic organ is circular, not salient, usually less than or the same size as the stigmata and is at the level of the third (sometimes between the third and fourth) row of stigmata. The pharynx has 12–13 stigmata on each side, in the first three rows, and
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the last row (
<figureCitation id="8CD42A6D4A7BFFEFA90E91D9E9AB42DD" box="[1125,1217,685,711]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1917,1943]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1743]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[189,1399,265,1836]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 4. Leptoclinides torosus F. Monniot, 1983. A. Colony in situ. B. Detail of the surface of the colony (DZUP LEP-017). C. Spicule. D–E. Thorax. Atrial siphon inadvertently removed during dissection in E. F. Abdomen (DZUP DID-171). Scale bars: D–F = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3526906" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3526906/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
). The abdomen is horizontal, the esophagus short and narrow. The stomach is globular and is not overlapped by the intestinal loop. The testis has four, rarely five, follicles, overlain by six tightly coiled turns of the sperm duct. One specimen (DZUP DID-171, from
<collectingRegion id="D62BF80A4A7BFFEFAFAA9062EE6D432B" box="[705,775,790,817]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Bahia</collectingRegion>
) had a testis with four follicles and only four turns of the sperm duct.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="145036E84A7BFFEFADD69008ED9B43C6" blockId="11.[189,1399,891,988]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Larvae were only found in specimens from
<collectingRegion id="D62BF80A4A7BFFEFAFD8900FEF9D438F" box="[691,759,891,917]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Bahia</collectingRegion>
in August. They were immature and so some structures were not visible. The larval trunk was
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long and the pharynx had 9–10 stigmata per half row.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CF565634A7BFFEFADD69777EC2F44E1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="145036E84A7BFFEFADD69777EC454407" blockId="11.[189,303,1027,1053]" box="[189,303,1027,1053]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<heading id="4F1881844A7BFFEFADD69777EC454407" bold="true" box="[189,303,1027,1053]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="3">
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A7BFFEFADD69777EC454407" bold="true" box="[189,303,1027,1053]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="145036E84A7BFFEFADD69745EC2F44E1" blockId="11.[189,1399,1073,1275]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
The
<typeStatus id="CB54884A4A7BFFEFAD9F9746EC4D4456" box="[244,295,1074,1100]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
location for
<taxonomicName id="D3EF4D6B4A7BFFEFACA99746EF5D4451" authorityName="F. Monniot" authorityYear="1983" box="[450,567,1074,1099]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Leptoclinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A7BFFEFACA99746EF5D4451" box="[450,567,1074,1099]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">L. torosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is
<collectingCountry id="6CF876784A7BFFEFAF369745EFB64451" box="[605,732,1073,1099]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Guadalupe</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="707E4B194A7BFFEFAF869745EEF14456" author="Monniot F." box="[749,923,1073,1100]" firstAuthor="Monniot" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 4 eme" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="5 - 49" part="1" refId="ref7085" refString="Monniot F. 1983. Ascidies littorales de Guadeloupe I. Didemnidae. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 4 eme Serie 5 A (1): 5 - 49." title="Ascidies littorales de Guadeloupe I. Didemnidae" type="journal article" year="1983">Monniot 1983</bibRefCitation>
), and here we report it for the first time in the southern Atlantic. In our samples, the colonies were thinner, and spicules were not distributed in the same way as in
<collectingCountry id="6CF876784A7BFFEFACC1970CEF434488" box="[426,553,1144,1170]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Guadalupe</collectingCountry>
(restricted to the level of the abdomens), nor did they have papillae of spicules on the surface as in
<bibRefCitation id="707E4B194A7BFFEFAF6797EFEFA044AF" author="Monniot F." box="[524,714,1179,1205]" firstAuthor="Monniot" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 4 eme" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="5 - 49" part="1" refId="ref7085" refString="Monniot F. 1983. Ascidies littorales de Guadeloupe I. Didemnidae. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 4 eme Serie 5 A (1): 5 - 49." title="Ascidies littorales de Guadeloupe I. Didemnidae" type="journal article" year="1983">Monniot (1983)</bibRefCitation>
. Otherwise, the color of the colony, spicule shape, number of testicular follicles, turns of the sperm duct and larval size all agree with the original description of the species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CF565634A7BFFEFADD69657EC64458A" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="145036E84A7BFFEFADD69657EC3C4527" blockId="11.[189,342,1315,1341]" box="[189,342,1315,1341]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<heading id="4F1881844A7BFFEFADD69657EC3C4527" bold="true" box="[189,342,1315,1341]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="3">
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A7BFFEFADD69657EC3C4527" bold="true" box="[189,342,1315,1341]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="145036E84A7BFFEFADD69626EC64458A" blockId="11.[189,1398,1361,1424]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<typeStatus id="CB54884A4A7BFFEFADD69626ED9D4576" box="[189,247,1362,1388]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
<collectingCountry id="6CF876784A7BFFEFAC029625EC9D4571" box="[361,503,1361,1387]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="707E4B194A7BFFEFAF6C9625EFDC4576" author="Monniot F." box="[519,694,1361,1388]" firstAuthor="Monniot" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 4 eme" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="5 - 49" part="1" refId="ref7085" refString="Monniot F. 1983. Ascidies littorales de Guadeloupe I. Didemnidae. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 4 eme Serie 5 A (1): 5 - 49." title="Ascidies littorales de Guadeloupe I. Didemnidae" type="journal article" year="1983">Monniot 1983</bibRefCitation>
). Additional records:
<collectingCountry id="6CF876784A7BFFEFAED39625E96E4571" box="[952,1028,1361,1387]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Brazil</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="D62BF80A4A7BFFEFA97B9625E93E4571" box="[1040,1108,1361,1387]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Bahia</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="D62BF80A4A7BFFEFA9FA9625E8504576" box="[1169,1338,1361,1388]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
(this study).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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