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<document id="38F92BA42390839DDB82DEED486346EB" ID-CLB-Dataset="25024" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2019.572" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0de36645-90d1-4bcb-bb46-3b84c1de037e" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3526896" ID-ZooBank="A28B6248-D883-4FBC-B30E-3CE6596C384F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1572853033734" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Oliveira, Livia M., Carvalho, João Paulo &amp; Rocha, Rosana M." docDate="2019" docId="9C4687FE4A77FFEDAF069617EF054595" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-572_oliveira_carvalho_rocha.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 572" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Leptoclinides lotufoi Oliveira &amp; Carvalho &amp; Rocha 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="31D0C00F-2263-4826-8CEC-9782A1704D49" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="607FFF864A70FFE4AD6B9374ED6A401A" masterDocTitle="Leptoclinides (Ascidiacea, Didemnidae) from Brazil: new records and two new species" masterLastPageNumber="16" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1698761520721" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="49198C2F6A321773624B0EE70569B32B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="746740FD742DC956261A1EA428DE033F">
<mods:title id="2898F0648083462A409942ECD96ED1C4">Leptoclinides (Ascidiacea, Didemnidae) from Brazil: new records and two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="278E1789D6425664E2CE67340BE2118A" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="3EF86EE23C5AC8CBF6AE9CDD7D21A9D3">Oliveira, Livia M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="72B434A342DB91B87E5F06B19F8F612C">Carvalho, João Paulo</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="8064DB1C4638EED4625B42B6BA1C9B1E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E92AAB8A3D84CABF658E0657609DDCED">Rocha, Rosana M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="81C7B1EA56D369698B339AEE86D819AA">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="CBCC4AD445AC0D106F8EFA7A13B97F8C">
<mods:date id="B23CDEA847BA4D467087E97F87F916F3">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="426698E12F2CB2A0B7568E3998FC072B">2019-10-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="789A28CC18F22B8FDEEB40632034F971">572</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="9044F7CC5494CA0883677CC8510E5939" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2019.572</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="9C4687FE4A77FFEDAF069617EF054595" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5664378" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160126556" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5664378" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:31D0C00F-2263-4826-8CEC-9782A1704D49" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C4687FE4A77FFEDAF069617EF054595" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<subSubSection id="5CF565634A77FFE3AF069617E9D445BA" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="145036E84A77FFE3AF069617EEAD4564" blockId="7.[373,1214,1379,1476]" box="[621,967,1379,1406]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<heading id="4F1881844A77FFE3AF069617EEAD4564" box="[621,967,1379,1406]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="D3EF4D6B4A77FFE3AF069617EE0F4564" authority="Oliveira &amp; Carvalho &amp; Rocha, 2019" authorityName="Oliveira &amp; Carvalho &amp; Rocha" authorityYear="2019" box="[621,869,1379,1406]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Leptoclinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lotufoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A77FFE3AF069617EE0F4564" bold="true" box="[621,869,1379,1406]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Leptoclinides lotufoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3DA857814A77FFE3AE069610EEAD4564" box="[877,967,1380,1406]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="145036E84A77FFE3AC1E96F2E9D445BA" blockId="7.[373,1214,1379,1476]" box="[373,1214,1414,1440]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<uri id="607E3AEA4A77FFE3AC1E96F2E9D445BA" box="[373,1214,1414,1440]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="60490C3D4A77FFE3AFF896F2E9D445BA" box="[659,1214,1414,1440]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">31D0C00F-2263-4826-8CEC-9782A1704D49</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CF565634A77FFE3AF9C96DDEE5645DE" box="[759,828,1449,1476]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
<paragraph id="145036E84A77FFE3AF9C96DDEE5645DE" blockId="7.[373,1214,1379,1476]" box="[759,828,1449,1476]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<figureCitation id="8CD42A6D4A77FFE3AF9C96DDEE5645DE" box="[759,828,1449,1476]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[189,232,1921,1947]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,265,1835]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[189,1399,265,1868]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 3. Leptoclinides lotufoi sp. nov., holotype (ColBio Tun 1245). A. Preserved colony. B. Spicules under light microscope. C. Thorax. D. Abdomen. E. Larva. Scale bars: A = 0.5 cm; B = 30 µm; C–E = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3526904" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3526904/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CF565634A77FFE3ADD6969FEECE464D" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="145036E84A77FFE3ADD6969FEC2E461F" blockId="7.[189,324,1515,1541]" box="[189,324,1515,1541]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<heading id="4F1881844A77FFE3ADD6969FEC2E461F" bold="true" box="[189,324,1515,1541]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="3">
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A77FFE3ADD6969FEC2E461F" bold="true" box="[189,324,1515,1541]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="145036E84A77FFE3ADD6956DEECE464D" blockId="7.[189,1398,1561,1623]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
The name of this species is in homage to Dr Tito Lotufo for his studies in ascidian diversity in northeastern
<collectingCountry id="6CF876784A77FFE3ADD69549EC62464D" box="[189,264,1597,1623]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. He collected this material and lent it to us for this study.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CF565634A77FFE3ADD6950AEE1F4714" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="145036E84A77FFE3ADD6950AECC04682" blockId="7.[189,426,1662,1688]" box="[189,426,1662,1688]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<heading id="4F1881844A77FFE3ADD6950AECC04682" bold="true" box="[189,426,1662,1688]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="3">
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A77FFE3ADD6950AECC04682" bold="true" box="[189,426,1662,1688]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="145036E84A77FFE3AD8195D9EC3646DD" blockId="7.[189,1399,1709,1806]" box="[234,348,1709,1735]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A77FFE3AD8195D9EC3646DD" bold="true" box="[234,348,1709,1735]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<typeStatus id="CB54884A4A77FFE3AD8195D9EC3646DD" box="[234,348,1709,1735]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="145036E84A77FFE3ADD695A4EE1F4714" blockId="7.[189,1399,1709,1806]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<materialsCitation id="A4873CB54A77FFE3ADD695A4EE1F4714" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2446784907" collectingDate="1998-10-10" collectorName="Ilhota dos Porcos &amp; T. M. C. Lotufo" country="Brazil" elevation="10" latitude="-22.979445" location="Angra Reis" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-44.32972" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="6CF876784A77FFE3ADD695A4EC4D46F0" box="[189,295,1744,1770]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
• 1 colony;
<collectingRegion id="D62BF80A4A77FFE3ACD095A4EF0146F0" box="[443,619,1744,1770]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="113060334A77FFE3AF1C95A4EE6A46F0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9C4687FE4A77FFEDAF069617EF054595:113060334A77FFE3AF1C95A4EE6A46F0" box="[631,768,1744,1770]" country="Brazil" latitude="-22.979445" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-44.32972" name="Angra Reis" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro">Angra Reis</location>
,
<collectorName id="B91A533E4A77FFE3AE6595A4EE8B46F0" box="[782,993,1744,1770]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ilhota dos Porcos</collectorName>
;
<geoCoordinate id="71DB502F4A77FFE3AE8595BAE9EA46F0" box="[1006,1152,1742,1770]" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="15" seconds="46" value="-22.979445">22°58′46″ S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="71DB502F4A77FFE3A9E595BAE84146F0" box="[1166,1323,1742,1770]" degrees="44" direction="west" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="15" seconds="47" value="-44.32972">44°19′47″ W</geoCoordinate>
;
<elevation id="9FC2D1DB4A77FFE3A85295A4EC684717" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="10.0">
<quantity id="D3179B0D4A77FFE3A85295A4E81D46F0" box="[1337,1399,1744,1770]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
;
<date id="605110284A77FFE3AC659587ECC34717" box="[270,425,1779,1805]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1998-10-10">
<collectingDate id="7015E9C04A77FFE3AC659587ECC34717" box="[270,425,1779,1805]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1998-10-10">10 Oct. 1998</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="B91A533E4A77FFE3ACDE9587EF0A4717" box="[437,608,1779,1805]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T.M.C. Lotufo</collectorName>
leg.; ColBio Tun 1245.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CF565634A77FFEDADD69440E81C4355" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
<paragraph id="145036E84A77FFE3ADD69440EC244754" blockId="7.[189,334,1844,1870]" box="[189,334,1844,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<heading id="4F1881844A77FFE3ADD69440EC244754" bold="true" box="[189,334,1844,1870]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="3">
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A77FFE3ADD69440EC244754" bold="true" box="[189,334,1844,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="145036E84A77FFEDADD69417EFF34195" blockId="7.[189,1399,1891,2023]" lastBlockId="9.[189,1399,267,399]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
The only colony found was attached to a exposed granitic substrate around
<quantity id="D3179B0D4A77FFE3A9449417E9004764" box="[1071,1130,1891,1918]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
deep. This colony was encrusting and small (
<quantity id="D3179B0D4A77FFE3ACAB94F2EC9147BB" box="[448,507,1926,1953]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
wide,
<quantity id="D3179B0D4A77FFE3AF2294F2EFE747BB" box="[585,653,1926,1953]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
thick), orange, but lost most of its color when fixed in formalin (
<figureCitation id="8CD42A6D4A77FFE3ADAD94DDEC4F47DE" box="[198,293,1961,1988]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[189,232,1921,1947]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,265,1835]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[189,1399,265,1868]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 3. Leptoclinides lotufoi sp. nov., holotype (ColBio Tun 1245). A. Preserved colony. B. Spicules under light microscope. C. Thorax. D. Abdomen. E. Larva. Scale bars: A = 0.5 cm; B = 30 µm; C–E = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3526904" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3526904/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). The tunic is malleable and delicate, with a wide cloacal cavity that extends from the thorax to the region of the esophago-rectal peduncle. Only one common cloacal aperture was seen in this specimen; it is broad with a smooth margin. Spicules, in low density, almost unnoticeable, are mainly restricted to the surface layer of the tunic. Spicules are
<quantity id="D3179B0D4A79FFEDAE3A925BEE8E4153" box="[849,996,303,329]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="25.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="20.0">20 to 30 µm</quantity>
in diameter, with 10–12 (in cross section) conical, pointed rays (
<figureCitation id="8CD42A6D4A79FFEDAF489226EF144176" box="[547,638,338,364]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[189,232,1921,1947]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,265,1835]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[189,1399,265,1868]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 3. Leptoclinides lotufoi sp. nov., holotype (ColBio Tun 1245). A. Preserved colony. B. Spicules under light microscope. C. Thorax. D. Abdomen. E. Larva. Scale bars: A = 0.5 cm; B = 30 µm; C–E = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3526904" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3526904/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). SEM images of the spicules could not be made because of their scarcity and the small size of the colony.
</paragraph>
<caption id="409066604A78FFECADD694F5EC7447F8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3526904" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3526904" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3526904/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[189,232,1921,1947]" targetBox="[190,1398,265,1835]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="145036E84A78FFECADD694F5EC7447F8" blockId="8.[189,1399,1921,2018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A78FFECADD694F5EC674781" bold="true" box="[189,269,1921,1947]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D3EF4D6B4A78FFECAC7C94F5EF664781" authority="Oliveira &amp; Carvalho &amp; Rocha, 2019" authorityName="Oliveira &amp; Carvalho &amp; Rocha" authorityYear="2019" box="[279,524,1921,1947]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Leptoclinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lotufoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A78FFECAC7C94F5EF664781" box="[279,524,1921,1947]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Leptoclinides lotufoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3DA857814A78FFECAF7D94F5EF1F4781" box="[534,629,1921,1947]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype (ColBio Tun 1245).
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A78FFECAE8094F5E96A4781" bold="true" box="[1003,1024,1921,1947]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A</emphasis>
. Preserved colony.
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A78FFECA98594F5E8684781" bold="true" box="[1262,1282,1921,1947]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B</emphasis>
. Spicules under light microscope.
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A78FFECACB794D0EC9B47A4" bold="true" box="[476,497,1956,1982]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
. Thorax.
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A78FFECAF0894D0EF1247A4" bold="true" box="[611,632,1956,1982]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">D</emphasis>
. Abdomen.
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A78FFECAE6294D0EE7747A4" bold="true" box="[777,797,1956,1982]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">E</emphasis>
. Larva. Scale bars: A = 0.5 cm; B = 30 µm; C–E = 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="145036E84A79FFEDADD692C2EEA942BE" blockId="9.[189,1399,438,676]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Zooids are orangish, about
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long. Twelve muscle fibers run longitudinally along each side of the thorax. The oral siphon is
<quantity id="D3179B0D4A79FFEDAF4292ADEFBC41EE" box="[553,726,473,500]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="0.24" valueMax="0.33" valueMin="0.15">0.15–0.33 mm</quantity>
long with six rounded lobes. The atrial aperture is very short and opens between the third and fourth rows of the pharyngeal stigmata. The pharyngeal stigmata formula is 10–12, 10, 10, 9–10 per half row. The lateral thoracic organ is round, not salient, usually at about the third row of stigmata, occasionally at the second row, close to the endostyle (
<figureCitation id="8CD42A6D4A79FFEDA9BF9137E8594247" box="[1236,1331,579,605]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[189,232,1921,1947]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,265,1835]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[189,1399,265,1868]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 3. Leptoclinides lotufoi sp. nov., holotype (ColBio Tun 1245). A. Preserved colony. B. Spicules under light microscope. C. Thorax. D. Abdomen. E. Larva. Scale bars: A = 0.5 cm; B = 30 µm; C–E = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3526904" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3526904/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
). The stomach is slightly elongated and is not overlapped by the intestinal loop. The testis has three oval follicles, overlain by three open turns of the sperm duct (
<figureCitation id="8CD42A6D4A79FFEDAE3C91FDEEDF42BE" box="[855,949,649,676]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[189,232,1921,1947]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,265,1835]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[189,1399,265,1868]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 3. Leptoclinides lotufoi sp. nov., holotype (ColBio Tun 1245). A. Preserved colony. B. Spicules under light microscope. C. Thorax. D. Abdomen. E. Larva. Scale bars: A = 0.5 cm; B = 30 µm; C–E = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3526904" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3526904/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="145036E84A79FFEDADD691B8E81C4355" blockId="9.[189,1399,715,847]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Most of the larvae we found were immature. Larvae are oval, yellowish, with about
<quantity id="D3179B0D4A79FFEDA9DF91BFE87A42FC" box="[1204,1296,715,742]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
in trunk length, without vesicles. The tail curves about halfway around the trunk. There are three anterior adhesive papillae with long peduncles. Nine to eleven short, digitiform ampullae are on each side of the larva. The sensorial vesicle is mid-dorsal, with the statocyte somewhat anterior and ventral to the ocellus (
<figureCitation id="8CD42A6D4A79FFEDA8649041E8034355" box="[1295,1385,821,847]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[189,232,1921,1947]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,265,1835]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[189,1399,265,1868]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 3. Leptoclinides lotufoi sp. nov., holotype (ColBio Tun 1245). A. Preserved colony. B. Spicules under light microscope. C. Thorax. D. Abdomen. E. Larva. Scale bars: A = 0.5 cm; B = 30 µm; C–E = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3526904" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3526904/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CF565634A79FFEDADD69002EC2C4505" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="145036E84A79FFEDADD69002EC45438A" blockId="9.[189,303,886,912]" box="[189,303,886,912]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="4F1881844A79FFEDADD69002EC45438A" bold="true" box="[189,303,886,912]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="3">
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A79FFEDADD69002EC45438A" bold="true" box="[189,303,886,912]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="145036E84A79FFEDADD690D1EC2C4505" blockId="9.[189,1399,933,1311]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Although this species is being described from one single colony, its characters were different enough from those of other known species.
<taxonomicName id="D3EF4D6B4A79FFEDAF1B90BCEE0D43F8" authority="Oliveira &amp; Carvalho &amp; Rocha, 2019" authorityName="Oliveira &amp; Carvalho &amp; Rocha" authorityYear="2019" box="[624,871,968,994]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Leptoclinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lotufoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A79FFEDAF1B90BCEE0D43F8" box="[624,871,968,994]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Leptoclinides lotufoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3DA857814A79FFEDAE1B90BCEEA743F8" box="[880,973,968,994]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is different from the other Atlantic congeners by having the following characteristics: few spicules restricted to the surface of the colony, few testicular follicles and turns of the sperm duct, and many ectodermal ampullae in the larvae. A few other species of
<taxonomicName id="D3EF4D6B4A79FFEDACB39745EF124451" authorityName="Berjan" authorityYear="1905" box="[472,632,1073,1099]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Leptoclinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A79FFEDACB39745EF124451" box="[472,632,1073,1099]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Leptoclinides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can have many ectodermal ampullae. The Australian
<taxonomicName id="D3EF4D6B4A79FFEDA86D9746EC564475" authority="Kott, 2001" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Leptoclinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brandi">
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A79FFEDA86D9746E81D4451" box="[1286,1399,1073,1099]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L. brandi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="707E4B194A79FFEDADD69721EC564475" accessDate="2018-11-06" author="Kott P." box="[189,316,1109,1135]" firstAuthor="Kott" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Queensland Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 410" part="47" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40460926/page/3/mode/1up" refId="ref6881" refString="Kott P. 2001. The Australian Ascidiacea. Part. 4: Aplousobranchia (3), Didemnidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 47 (1): 1 - 410. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 40460926 / page / 3 / mode / 1 up [accessed 6 Nov. 2018]." title="The Australian Ascidiacea. Part. 4: Aplousobranchia (3), Didemnidae" type="journal article" year="2001">Kott, 2001</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
has a granular colony surface with a high density of spicules and smaller larvae with eight pairs of ampullae.
<taxonomicName id="D3EF4D6B4A79FFEDACCC970CEE4C4488" authority="Kott, 2001" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[423,806,1144,1170]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Leptoclinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="durus">
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A79FFEDACCC970CEFFD4488" box="[423,663,1144,1170]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Leptoclinides durus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="707E4B194A79FFEDAFC8970CEE4C4488" accessDate="2018-11-06" author="Kott P." box="[675,806,1144,1170]" firstAuthor="Kott" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Queensland Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 410" part="47" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40460926/page/3/mode/1up" refId="ref6881" refString="Kott P. 2001. The Australian Ascidiacea. Part. 4: Aplousobranchia (3), Didemnidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 47 (1): 1 - 410. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 40460926 / page / 3 / mode / 1 up [accessed 6 Nov. 2018]." title="The Australian Ascidiacea. Part. 4: Aplousobranchia (3), Didemnidae" type="journal article" year="2001">Kott, 2001</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
has many spicules and larger larvae with eight pairs of ampullae.
<taxonomicName id="D3EF4D6B4A79FFEDACF097EFEE4E44AF" authority="Kott, 2001" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[411,804,1179,1206]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Leptoclinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="echinus">
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A79FFEDACF097EFEFF444AF" box="[411,670,1179,1205]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Leptoclinides echinus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="707E4B194A79FFEDAFCE97E8EE4E44AF" accessDate="2018-11-06" author="Kott P." box="[677,804,1179,1206]" firstAuthor="Kott" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Queensland Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 410" part="47" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40460926/page/3/mode/1up" refId="ref6881" refString="Kott P. 2001. The Australian Ascidiacea. Part. 4: Aplousobranchia (3), Didemnidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 47 (1): 1 - 410. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 40460926 / page / 3 / mode / 1 up [accessed 6 Nov. 2018]." title="The Australian Ascidiacea. Part. 4: Aplousobranchia (3), Didemnidae" type="journal article" year="2001">Kott, 2001</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
has more testicular follicles (about 15) and larger larvae with eight pairs of ampullae. From
<collectingCountry id="6CF876784A79FFEDAFDA97CBEE0644C2" box="[689,876,1214,1241]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="D3EF4D6B4A79FFEDAE1397CBE86944C2" authority="Monniot, 1989" authorityName="Monniot" authorityYear="1989" box="[888,1283,1214,1240]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Leptoclinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multipapillatus">
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A79FFEDAE1397CBE92144C2" box="[888,1099,1214,1240]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L. multipapillatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="707E4B194A79FFEDA93897CAE86944C2" author="Monniot F." box="[1107,1283,1214,1240]" firstAuthor="Monniot" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 4 eme" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="673 - 691" part="4" refId="ref7118" refString="Monniot F. 1989. Ascidies de Nouvelle-Caledonie. 7. Les genres Atriolum et Leptoclinides dans le lagon sud. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 4 eme serie 11 A (4): 673 - 691." title="Ascidies de Nouvelle-Caledonie. 7. Les genres Atriolum et Leptoclinides dans le lagon sud" type="journal article" year="1989">Monniot, 1989</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
has more testicular follicles, more turns of the sperm duct and more than 20 ectodermal ampullae (
<bibRefCitation id="707E4B194A79FFEDA9AE9795E81844E6" author="Monniot F." box="[1221,1394,1249,1276]" firstAuthor="Monniot" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 4 eme" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="673 - 691" part="4" refId="ref7118" refString="Monniot F. 1989. Ascidies de Nouvelle-Caledonie. 7. Les genres Atriolum et Leptoclinides dans le lagon sud. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 4 eme serie 11 A (4): 673 - 691." title="Ascidies de Nouvelle-Caledonie. 7. Les genres Atriolum et Leptoclinides dans le lagon sud" type="journal article" year="1989">Monniot 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="707E4B194A79FFEDADD69671EC534505" accessDate="2018-11-06" author="Kott P." box="[189,313,1285,1311]" firstAuthor="Kott" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Queensland Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 410" part="47" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40460926/page/3/mode/1up" refId="ref6881" refString="Kott P. 2001. The Australian Ascidiacea. Part. 4: Aplousobranchia (3), Didemnidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 47 (1): 1 - 410. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 40460926 / page / 3 / mode / 1 up [accessed 6 Nov. 2018]." title="The Australian Ascidiacea. Part. 4: Aplousobranchia (3), Didemnidae" type="journal article" year="2001">Kott 2001</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CF565634A79FFEDADD69632EF054595" box="[189,623,1350,1423]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="145036E84A79FFEDADD69632EC3C457A" blockId="9.[189,342,1350,1376]" box="[189,342,1350,1376]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="4F1881844A79FFEDADD69632EC3C457A" bold="true" box="[189,342,1350,1376]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="3">
<emphasis id="269BEAFA4A79FFEDADD69632EC3C457A" bold="true" box="[189,342,1350,1376]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="145036E84A79FFEDADD69601EF054595" blockId="9.[189,623,1397,1423]" box="[189,623,1397,1423]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Type locality:
<collectingCountry id="6CF876784A79FFEDAC0D9601ECD84595" box="[358,434,1397,1423]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Brazil</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="D62BF80A4A79FFEDACD69601EF014595" box="[445,619,1397,1423]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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