308 lines
27 KiB
XML
308 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document id="DE770220B43CC8A944E2DCFBEF31559E" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1203.123757" ID-ZooBank="6FE93D4B-8104-45F4-850A-C1B78CA10A9D" ID-publisher-id="123757" URI-arpha="E0E2E4CE-0D0E-533C-9BD4-A1327BB57504" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/6FE93D4B-8104-45F4-850A-C1B78CA10A9D" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1716923959232" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Jordal, Bjarte H." docDate="2024" docId="9C236C4C9C635202BADB40E52A4580DF" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1203: 95-130" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1203" docSource="https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/123757/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Ctonoxylon flavescens Hagedorn 1910" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="130" masterDocId="E0E2E4CE0D0E533C9BD4A1327BB57504" masterDocTitle="An integrated taxonomic revision of Ctonoxylon (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) reveals new Malagasy species originating from multiple recent colonisations of the island" masterLastPageNumber="130" masterPageNumber="95" pageNumber="95" updateTime="1716924051971" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title id="DB788D3463E3E3A8A274BC4F8F4E66A8">An integrated taxonomic revision of Ctonoxylon (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) reveals new Malagasy species originating from multiple recent colonisations of the island</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="52441D6E8FCCCE6C54429BFED4C607C7">Jordal, Bjarte H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1B715C20EAE9842F88CFBFF3E326159E">Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen, P. O. 7800, NO- 5020 Bergen, Norway</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="94EA614313A06C0AEC66F714B1E89BE0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="92C3A101485AD4C8BA0EBA649371BF5C">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="404D4E3A3B3300073ABF1FE032534CB7">
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<mods:date id="964E0C77D7CCC77DA6E22CE69CD4EC2A">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="60182729E56512DF816E230D9C1DDBB1">2024-05-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="1CFAED2AB287F6E0634AB3888D672F2B">1203</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="CE65B922C44D379D2C667468EC9800ED">95</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="F7E604F2BBA9C6F4AC2424769A7C68F0" type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.1203.123757</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="759E55FEDF368F000B85FC3F5782494D" type="ZooBank">6FE93D4B-8104-45F4-850A-C1B78CA10A9D</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="9C236C4C9C635202BADB40E52A4580DF" ID-arpha="9C236C4C-9C63-5202-BADB-40E52A4580DF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9C236C4C9C635202BADB40E52A4580DF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C236C4C9C635202BADB40E52A4580DF">
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<subSubSection id="05929ADF25129F1C302A997142340FFC" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2F731A0B7E8625290CFD87855092D746">
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<taxonomicName id="EC6BDF6C4E2B284A4CC5115BC05DA2BA" ID-CoL="3283G" authority="Hagedorn" authorityName="Hagedorn" authorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ctonoxylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavescens">
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<emphasis id="62D1832CCE05ACD97129509CF1DF1579" italics="true">Ctonoxylon flavescens</emphasis>
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Hagedorn
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F8AE3BCAF27D7B6DFC82DE4BBAE77B47" type="description">
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<paragraph id="7133F81E79A52E69C6A96A6C96DA227B">
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<figureCitation id="CE5C5A308893084C0A975A3A93ABE31F" captionStart="Figures 21–29" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 21–29. Dorsal, lateral, and front views of male 21, 24, 27 Ctonoxylon flavescens 22, 25, 28 Ctonoxylon bosqueiae holotype, and 23, 26, 29 Ctonoxylon hirsutum stat. rev." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1203.123757.figures21-29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1057222">Figs 21</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="DA7E0B3D6C9E5B7B0DB5CC4318F75BBC" captionStart="Figures 21–29" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 21–29. Dorsal, lateral, and front views of male 21, 24, 27 Ctonoxylon flavescens 22, 25, 28 Ctonoxylon bosqueiae holotype, and 23, 26, 29 Ctonoxylon hirsutum stat. rev." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1203.123757.figures21-29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1057222">24</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="B2607758BF838B1C94EEEA5433BD104F" captionStart="Figures 21–29" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 21–29. Dorsal, lateral, and front views of male 21, 24, 27 Ctonoxylon flavescens 22, 25, 28 Ctonoxylon bosqueiae holotype, and 23, 26, 29 Ctonoxylon hirsutum stat. rev." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1203.123757.figures21-29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1057222">27</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="064C749BF37F24BE59F5B61441F58E2A" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="4756A8CABC879C999363DB13E9521FFF">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="57ADB373001B18664385F4A6C7A78056">
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<treatmentCitation id="5B88FA6C8B22669D41BAB4D7FDD736C5" author="Hagedorn JM" page="4" year="1910">
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<taxonomicName id="8DAADCEF281769BD48D867D6E69ECAB4" ID-CoL="3283G" authority="Hagedorn, 1910: 4" authorityName="Hagedorn" authorityPageNumber="4" authorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ctonoxylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavescens">
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<emphasis id="562FDE8CB395328A457A856B1E2FD318" italics="true">Ctonoxylon flavescens</emphasis>
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<comment id="A37BABB21B9D83AB04ECE41BF96F96EB">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="F177D3FE95FE4D1FA2907F84CC9881A3" DOI="10.1002/mmnd.4801910101" author="Hagedorn JM" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" pagination="1-13" refId="B6" refString="Hagedorn JM (1910) Diagnosen bisher unbeschriebener Borkenkafer. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1910 (1): 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 4801910101" title="Diagnosen bisher unbeschriebener Borkenkäfer." volume="1910" year="1910">Hagedorn, 1910: 4</bibRefCitation>
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||
.
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||
</comment>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5F2303283F9F0A80A184239D47AAC9E9">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="A7607444066770719D84A3C83E096AF7">
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<treatmentCitation id="9DBC346AD34259045BA455A8A83B116C" author="Eggers H" page="38" year="1920">
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<taxonomicName id="15911772464E3A5D78EDF9A72290E98B" ID-CoL="32843" authority="Eggers, 1920: 38" authorityName="Eggers" authorityPageNumber="38" authorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ctonoxylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="flavescens" subSpecies="usambaricum">
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<emphasis id="AA2DA8D00F981A9A9EF0287AAD9C3C6C" italics="true">Ctonoxylon flavescens usambaricum</emphasis>
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<comment id="2819982411E3D8C231DE761E87C6ABDF">
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<bibRefCitation id="B1276823B0EF103B2BD5149336E31486" author="Eggers H" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Blätter" pagination="33-45" refId="B2" refString="Eggers H (1920) 60 Neue Borkenkafer (Ipidae) aus Afrika, nebst zehn neuen Gattungen, zwei Abarten. (Fortsetzung). Entomologische Blatter 16: 33 - 45." title="60 Neue Borkenkäfer (Ipidae) aus Afrika, nebst zehn neuen Gattungen, zwei Abarten. (Fortsetzung)." volume="16" year="1920">Eggers, 1920: 38</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</comment>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="611AAB7A9B98BE0198CB7D800669FB00">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="A795866012D07EE2E7D435B10CD86611">
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<treatmentCitation id="3F5AB48C35B55B8DB0FED48CB2165BEB">
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<taxonomicName id="B9FE53573DAB02CC5716AC438D3456E6" authority="Strohmeyer" authorityName="Strohmeyer" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ctonoxylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="flavescens" subSpecies="opacum">
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<emphasis id="453B2F21E90DA7D0D659D28A2E4C954D" italics="true">Ctonoxylon flavescens opacum</emphasis>
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Strohmeyer
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</taxonomicName>
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, nom. dub. – not published.
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EFUBG" type="type material">
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||
<paragraph id="C5DB0086CA57E824F67D405145434630">
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||
<heading id="23ED28B39EA1C9D22EFA4483CF37B8C3" reason="title">Type material.</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C259B4CCB8C2AB9E6BA0A12B42B51D14">
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||
<materialsCitation id="45F82E332A9589FF17C0061C62780093" collectionCode="ZMHB, SDEI" country="Cameroon" location="Kamerun" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="4A929152D4920973954A49550ACB62BF" bold="true" italics="true">
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||
<typeStatus id="9E2E4E5E72690AE1F7993C3D722A560A" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
:
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<collectingCountry id="FF436847D9BA3EA642899F49F8C10928" name="Cameroon">Kamerun</collectingCountry>
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[
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||
<named-content id="0B6A20B789B70514CCA723D8D24E78AE" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/museum-f%C3%BCr-naturkunde-2" xlink_title="Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Germany">
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<collectionCode id="19CF761F0621276B0A2E2780D3AC7CD8">ZMHB</collectionCode>
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</named-content>
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]; ‘ type’ of
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||
<taxonomicName id="E766C81691C4DBCF1D5485A1A4278822" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ctonoxylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="flavescens" subSpecies="opacum">
|
||
<emphasis id="651B3711D58E75E2F88831638C2E5207" italics="true">C. flavescens opacum</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
:
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||
<collectingCountry id="A7B2C131FAEB5EDCB5D205C8A1153CE2" name="Cameroon">Kamerun</collectingCountry>
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[
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<named-content id="E5D07D8235D0B450BF8DAADDAF3BDD16" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/senckenberg-deutsches-entomologisches-institut" xlink_title="Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Muncheberg, Germany">
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<collectionCode id="1B20EC14D84DCBEDC5E904668FB8A71E">SDEI</collectionCode>
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</named-content>
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]
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
<materialsCitation id="FB00C924EB7D8D751C22C963990A92BE" collectionCode="NHMW" country="Cameroon" elevation="1000" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<typeStatus id="522AA83C423759050741203D16AEA3A2" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
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||
<taxonomicName id="CD28AA658F579A9AEC2C9CF9A2CB11DE" authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ctonoxylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="flavescens" subSpecies="usambaricum">
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||
<emphasis id="0A96C54322D4FC0F6FE6D4E53A6317CA" italics="true">C. flavescens usambaricum</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
: Mkulumusiberg
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<quantity id="8940DA94C0014444F83AE2FADA1552C4" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="1000.0">
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<elevation id="51AD8222AE26AD90245B551AD50A9A10" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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, bei Sigi Ostafrika [
|
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<named-content id="84DF3492E0D0F59DFB1AC5103F7CBF75" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/naturhistorisches-museum-wien-0" xlink_title="Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria">
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<collectionCode id="95DA7FD521C0E4A67AFB61014E25545A" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" type="Museum">NHMW</collectionCode>
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</named-content>
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]
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="SECID0E4VBG" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="4692DBC57B763BB7277A1D42FC7D01C0">
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||
<heading id="CA27CE546D23C0E6CCFD72825CF6C929" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BB30C3F2E6CDB7D815EAE564EFBA3FF8">
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||
Length
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<quantity id="98445249925AD92AACB5B0DEB8C0FC4D" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.2" unit="mm" value="2.65" valueMax="3.1" valueMin="2.2">2.2–3.1 mm</quantity>
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||
. 2.1–2.3 × as long as broad; colour brown, dull. Upper and lower eye parts separated by more than width of upper part; pronotal eye scraper acutely pointed; a sharp carina running from scraper to procoxa, without associated groove or propleural pit; scutellar shield at level with elytra; striae distinctly impressed; interstrial setae bristle-like, variable in length and placed irregularly in partly confused rows, without ground vestiture; elytral apex slightly emarginated; resting position of mesotibiae marked on metaventrite.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0ECWBG" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="1DA5CBFAA79F899FBD460B5D6FB14168">
|
||
<heading id="5118721269D61BCD9C938203A7E6D039" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="29D8733FC9E1C04AF528848B4552FA1F">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4A8B9B595E472B8BF6424FFC7AF7814C" name="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E536CA79C2F89B82030BB99D5C1B68C1" name="Ghana">Ghana</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="64DBD965D362BDE7693EC5C0284F664F" name="Cameroon">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B41F85413EAE200914E8A22BB37AEC69" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9C252D621A43C4EF047F3445C205CBDC" name="Gabon">Gabon</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D71D83DF46F19F8C9CD7F597005848B8" name="Uganda">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
(new country record),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FEC8B63225484A6D75AB6464128C302F" name="Tanzania">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EHWBG" type="New records">
|
||
<paragraph id="A82C423B5B8CA21A15A74D6B596BE153">
|
||
<heading id="C1C14E169FDCDF22FD32D6225ED15EB0" reason="title">New records.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6AADE18C1A7AC269FEEF0D5046F25263">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="7239F5213DF5FC14E985CEB421DCA239" name="Uganda">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3AAE94F93F78046A90B9578F9FB29564" country="Uganda" name="Masindi">Masindi</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Budongo, Nyabyeya [GIS:
|
||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EQWBG" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[31.540000,1.673000]}">
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<geoCoordinate id="58A58E88048F2C1E845D3AF6809DDFE9" degrees="1.673" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="1.673">1.673</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="2FD2EFCB8FE26DE593C7AAEC062A9AF2" degrees="31.540" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="31.54">31.540</geoCoordinate>
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</named-content>
|
||
], 3. July. 1998,
|
||
<emphasis id="3370CB3FC4CD63A90CC54A146888EBF2" italics="true">
|
||
ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BA6A001DA4B13A8A10EDD2ABCCC999E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ficus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
branch, B. Jordal, leg. [
|
||
<named-content id="774183DCB93AE8F1CC272B68A62DD0E5" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/museum-zoology-university-bergen-vertebrate-collections" xlink_title="University Museum of Bergen, Norway">
|
||
<collectionCode id="5CCE0C810F48735CA41948A6ACFF7A8F" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5b4j-820w" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Vertebrate collections" type="">ZMUB</collectionCode>
|
||
</named-content>
|
||
]; Budongo, BFP Station, Sonso [
|
||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EFXBG" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[31.545000,1.723000]}">
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<geoCoordinate id="AD9D54D2D3624AC8801C29EB2DE8651C" degrees="1.723" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="1.723">1.723</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="9FD06512AD6F00159DE045EED51DCB0F" degrees="31.545" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="31.545">31.545</geoCoordinate>
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</named-content>
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],
|
||
<date id="C86FE3C61D143D38CC8611EDE00C6085" value="2004-10-06">6. 10. 2004</date>
|
||
, T. Wagner leg. [1,
|
||
<named-content id="A2F421FC186E08F9D85A4C33D1FC90BC" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/zoologisches-forschungsmuseum-alexander-koenig" xlink_title="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum “Alexander Koenig”, Bonn, Germany">
|
||
<collectionCode id="E6BB89D6D2FFC438E3B5D69C0EA33D35" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" type="Museum">ZFMK</collectionCode>
|
||
</named-content>
|
||
]; Kichwamba [
|
||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0ESXBG" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[30.200000,0.710000]}">0.71, 30.20</named-content>
|
||
],
|
||
<date id="A0996DC4F8F1EEB4574462D0D897FB39" value="1968-04-25">25. 04. 1968</date>
|
||
, P. J. Spangler [1,
|
||
<named-content id="51226CC36655C0AE3EB3C3C2454936C2" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/smithsonian-institution-national-museum-natural-history-0" xlink_title="National Museum of Natural History, Washington D.C., USA">
|
||
<collectionCode id="B5E9FDCB22AD30588055BA67AB377C49" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
</named-content>
|
||
];
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9F61DB7AA3D692F4DDBE628161D55BF4" name="Cameroon">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Limbe, Ekande [GIS:
|
||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0E6XBG" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[9.172000,4.081000]}">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="AEE3C86383D036AC93A670334AC87D2F" degrees="4.081" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="4.081">4.081</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D92B8310AAD703DA1F5E2AF67000FD0C" degrees="9.172" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="9.172">9.172</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</named-content>
|
||
],
|
||
<quantity id="CE7C6CF4CC4ACD39077B8162DA85F8DF" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
|
||
. alt.,
|
||
<date id="0AF360AE589770125A2A67F12987102D" value="2007-11-20">20. Nov. 2007</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="17994362FEE13CA6DB61DDA2C0D3C043" italics="true">
|
||
ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D024632CB4B6FAB1215D667F441B6961" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Cola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acuminata">Cola acuminata</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
standing tree, B. Jordal, leg [
|
||
<named-content id="1D50C8CE8A71E790388AC1A870B97358" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/museum-zoology-university-bergen-vertebrate-collections" xlink_title="University Museum of Bergen, Norway">
|
||
<collectionCode id="20F713F87F7A59F2A8254026EF0A2879" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5b4j-820w" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Vertebrate collections" type="">ZMUB</collectionCode>
|
||
</named-content>
|
||
]; [
|
||
<collectingCountry id="30A3AF988CC23ECECFFCA544859C9899" name="Ghana">Ghana</collectingCountry>
|
||
], ‘ Gold Coast’, Takoradi [
|
||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EVYBG" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-1.750000,4.900000]}">4.90, - 1.75</named-content>
|
||
],
|
||
<date id="009337670793A187F51900D27C534369" value="1946-12-10">10. 12. 1946</date>
|
||
, ex bark of mahogany logs [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BE2C492EBCDFB47E6724AE1E99D73FDE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Khaya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ivorensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2182C7CCCD1BF3531331BB0623061994" italics="true">Khaya ivorensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] [4,
|
||
<named-content id="875DD0C6333C7BB5F9B0FE9F3FF85564" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/smithsonian-institution-national-museum-natural-history-0" xlink_title="National Museum of Natural History, Washington D.C., USA">
|
||
<collectionCode id="720E87B4946C25C58C3973E926879A94" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
</named-content>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EKZBG" type="biology">
|
||
<paragraph id="11EC08549782C8CC0A912169CA0FCAE3">
|
||
<heading id="EE53E80E9B6B56056E33E7CC9B970DBA" reason="title">Biology.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="93DC8444A12096644416C42C6E92F0C5">
|
||
Very little is known about this species despite frequent collections from many African countries. This study reports
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E40B07264E45BA2CCA95DEB8DFAB3882" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Cola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="82C274FADF3C96E54EDDDD8FFFDB593C" italics="true">Cola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a new host plant genus in the same family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02790D5EC0FEFC9A4DCE72696886667F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
as for the previously recorded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB41738F540BDC4BE6D972588BFA6D8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Triplochiton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A829513FF5981A117F15F404F4AF8462" italics="true">Triplochiton</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FFC111417926A49C8BA214837B58006C" author="Schedl" firstAuthor="Schedl" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Entomologia de Moçambique" pagination="335-742" refId="B15" refString="Schedl KE (1961) Scolytidae und Platypodidae Afrikas. Band I (part). Familie Scolytidae. Revista de Entomologia de Moçambique 4: 335–742." title="Scolytidae und Platypodidae Afrikas. Band I (part). Familie Scolytidae." volume="4" year="1961">Schedl 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Another new record from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DA0B91103AADD9EEC86E54B2B175755" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DE843B54CC1F1D5F04EFC4478DD01CCB" italics="true">Ficus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is in line with some other collections of closely related species taken from various
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DFDDF845471EDD2C4FFD6B11B2B5001" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
genera (see below). It is also reported here from African mahogany logs (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7167570824EE8F2427D9F9A0197FD4A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Meliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), demonstrating a rather broad assembly of host plants. Records are generally from the bark of larger branches and trunks where the maternal egg tunnel is cut longitudinally. The male may stay at least until eggs are hatched, but not much longer (Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="B6BF6BE40ECCE8D8C0D67F972600CE38" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="T5" captionText="Table 5. Reproductive biology observed for Ctonoxylon species (* records from Schedl 1961). All observed species form monogynous pairs at the early stage of mating and egg laying. The two last columns indicate the offspring developmental stage where parents have permanently left the nest.">5</tableCitation>
|
||
). Brood size is moderately large, with 19–
|
||
<specimenCount id="688BD08D74268141BD4A0792270C3C76" count="45" type="egg">45 eggs</specimenCount>
|
||
or larvae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E31BG" type="comments">
|
||
<paragraph id="5104456288F515E87F1546231C65C2CF">
|
||
<heading id="EB19EC67AE4A64FDC80BF3D728B0E6FB" reason="title">Comments.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7BF2D9DB27CEE670DFF290CA179F073F">
|
||
This species and the next three are morphologically very similar and can easily be confused. DNA sequence data for COI and 28 S from three of the species nevertheless clearly separate them (Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="9409622AA399BFBAE5EA783A474962A2" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Genetic distances for species in the C. flavescens complex. COI p-distances in the lower left triangle, and 28 S p-distances in upper right. The two samples of C. flavescens are from Uganda (U) and Cameroon (C).">4</tableCitation>
|
||
, Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="CB884B78D8EBB590FBDE82E2DA4C8482" captionStart="Figures 10–11" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 10–11. Phylogeny of Ctonoxylon. Node support is given as posterior probabilities above and parsimony bootstrap values below nodes 10 tree topology resulting from the parsimony analysis of 14 morphological characters for all species using implied weighting (Goloboff et al. 2018) 11 partial tree topology redrawn from a previously published Bayesian tree topology based on 1958 nucleotide position from three gene fragments (Jordal 2023). Species found in Madagascar marked in purple." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1203.123757.figures10-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1057220">11</figureCitation>
|
||
). Eastern and western populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="12D8C7A08A6DFF13587F19E847E9161B" authorityName="Hagedorn" authorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ctonoxylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="CDECD728C917425662E61F46F3B88831" italics="true">C. flavescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are also deeply, albeit less, diverged in the mitochondrial COI gene, but, more importantly, identical at the nuclear 28 S gene. It is advisable to apply DNA sequence data to identify species in this complex group. The record from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3A6A6E56C012CEA6A8EAD3C354668295" name="Madagascar">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
is likely confused with the new species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="77FA7BABADCCB4827D1EADB7C7361265" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ctonoxylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="18B0DF36625041EC5A2789A3C233A046" italics="true">C. tuberculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described in this work.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |