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<document id="9090033EB739AAA60EDE4DBA7F0A14D3" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.298.1.4" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13689494" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725501534844" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Liu, Bing, Williams, David M. &amp; Ou, Yongda" docDate="2017" docId="823887E6844FFFD0FF68FEE98A08FA6B" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.298.1.4.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 298 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.298.1.4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Adlafia sinensis Bing Liu &amp; D. M. Williams 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="7E01FF9E844BFFD4FFE0FFDA8926FFC0" masterDocTitle="Adlafia sinensis sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae) from the Wuling Mountains Area, China, with reference to the structure of its girdle bands" masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1725501930110" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="1F791A118DFD96ACFEABCA0EDDCA2D45">Adlafia sinensis sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae) from the Wuling Mountains Area, China, with reference to the structure of its girdle bands</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3D15C4DF08C59457BF6223EC30D33471">Liu, Bing</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="27B248990FB9C7BABADF7A955D415F1B">Williams, David M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="34987B3309D5B20370631119FE138965">Ou, Yongda</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="823887E6844FFFD0FF68FEE98A08FA6B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13689506" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13689506" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:823887E6844FFFD0FF68FEE98A08FA6B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/823887E6844FFFD0FF68FEE98A08FA6B" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
<subSubSection id="428B657B844FFFD0FF68FEE98DFAFE1F" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="0A2E36F0844FFFD0FF68FEE98A4AFE8F" blockId="4.[136,876,307,335]" box="[136,876,307,335]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
<heading id="5166819C844FFFD0FF68FEE98A4AFE8F" bold="true" box="[136,876,307,335]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" reason="1">
<emphasis id="38E5EAE2844FFFD0FF68FEE98A4AFE8F" bold="true" box="[136,876,307,335]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName id="CD914D73844FFFD0FF68FEE98BA2FE8F" authority="Bing Liu &amp; D.M. Williams" authorityName="Bing Liu &amp; D. M. Williams" authorityYear="2017" box="[136,644,307,335]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Adlafia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="38E5EAE2844FFFD0FF68FEE98867FE8E" bold="true" box="[136,321,307,334]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Adlafia sinensis</emphasis>
Bing Liu &amp; D.M. Williams
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<emphasis id="38E5EAE2844FFFD0FD6BFEEE8BC7FE8E" bold="true" box="[651,737,308,334]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="23D65799844FFFD0FD6BFEEE8BC7FE8E" box="[651,737,308,334]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="92AA2A75844FFFD0FD10FEEC8A43FE8F" box="[752,869,310,335]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 235" captionStart-1="FIGURES 3639" captionStart-2="FIGURES 4042" captionStart-3="FIGURES 4346" captionStart-4="FIGURES 4750" captionStartId-0="4.[136,243,1933,1954]" captionStartId-1="5.[136,243,1940,1961]" captionStartId-2="6.[136,243,1568,1589]" captionStartId-3="7.[136,243,1292,1313]" captionStartId-4="8.[136,243,1795,1816]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,1511,1908]" captionTargetBox-1="[153,1434,190,1915]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,190,1543]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,207,1267]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1436,209,1769]" captionTargetId-0="figure-527@4.[151,1436,1511,1908]" captionTargetId-1="figure-14@5.[153,1434,190,1915]" captionTargetId-2="figure-16@6.[151,1436,190,1543]" captionTargetId-3="figure-14@7.[151,1436,206,1267]" captionTargetId-4="figure-19@8.[151,1436,209,1769]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="8" captionText-0="FIGURES 235. Adlafia sinensis sp. nov., LM. 235. 34 valves showing the variation in valve outline, note the central raphe endings discernible only in some specimens. 29. Photograph of holotype. Scale bar (in Fig. 1) =10 μm for all figures." captionText-1="FIGURES 3639. Adlafia sinensis sp. nov., SEM. 3638. External view of valves, showing hooked terminal raphe fissures, the areolae covered by hymenes externally and two rows of poroids on the girdle band (Fig. 38, arrow). 39. The internal view of valve, note the deep mantles. Scale bars = 5 μm." captionText-2="FIGURES 4042. Adlafia sinensis sp.nov., SEM.4042.Three types of frustules.40. One very slightly dismembered frustule,showing the epivalve (EV), hypovalve (HV) and valvocopula (VC).41. One slightly dismembered frustule, showing the epivalve (EV), hypovalve (HV) and valvocopula (VC). Note the deep mantle, striae continuing onto the mantle, but seven striae located only on the mantle (arrowheads). 42. One dismembered frustule or a released frustule after new sibling valve formation, note the hypovalve (HV), the epivalve (EV), and the valvocopula (VC). Scale bars = 5 μm." captionText-3="FIGURES 4346. Adlafia sinensis sp. nov., SEM. 43. Detail of Fig. 41, showing the hooked terminal raphe fissures continuing onto the mantle, open girdle band (arrow), and two rows of poroids become only one row distal the raphe fissure (curved arrow). 44. Detail of Fig. 40, showing the structure of the cingulum at the apex, note the valvocopulae (VC), two segmental bands (B2 and B3), and distinct gap. 45. Detail of Fig. 40, showing the deep mantle and the valvocopula connecting epivalve with the hypovalve. 46. Detail of Fig. 40, showing the structure of the cingulum at the apex, note the valvocopulae (VC), and distinct gap. Scale bars = 1 μm." captionText-4="FIGURES 4750. Adlafia sinensis sp. nov., SEM. 47. A dismembered frustule, showing the valvocopula with one row of areola on both the pars interior and pars exterior (arrow), and c. five striae located only on the mantle (arrows). 4850. Girdle view showing five striae located only on the mantle (arrows). Scale bars = 5 μm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13689500" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13689502" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13689504" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13689508" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13689510" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13689500/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13689502/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13689504/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/13689508/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/13689510/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Figs 250</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0A2E36F0844FFFD0FF68FEA48DFAFE1F" blockId="4.[136,1452,382,1451]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="38E5EAE2844FFFD0FF68FEA48998FE57" bold="true" box="[136,190,382,407]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">LM:</emphasis>
Valves lanceolate with rostrate to subcapitate apices (
<figureCitation id="92AA2A75844FFFD0FCFDFEA48AB7FE57" box="[797,913,382,407]" captionStart="FIGURES 235" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1933,1954]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1511,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-527@4.[151,1436,1511,1908]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 235. Adlafia sinensis sp. nov., LM. 235. 34 valves showing the variation in valve outline, note the central raphe endings discernible only in some specimens. 29. Photograph of holotype. Scale bar (in Fig. 1) =10 μm for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13689500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13689500/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Figs 235</figureCitation>
), dimensions (n = 50): 11.017.0 μm long, 3.4 4.2 μm broad.Axial area linear throughout valves entire length, central area almost non-existent (
<figureCitation id="92AA2A75844FFFD0FB26FE788C1CFE7B" box="[1222,1338,418,443]" captionStart="FIGURES 235" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1933,1954]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1511,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-527@4.[151,1436,1511,1908]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 235. Adlafia sinensis sp. nov., LM. 235. 34 valves showing the variation in valve outline, note the central raphe endings discernible only in some specimens. 29. Photograph of holotype. Scale bar (in Fig. 1) =10 μm for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13689500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13689500/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Figs 235</figureCitation>
). External central raphe endings discernible, opposite each other (e.g.
<figureCitation id="92AA2A75844FFFD0FCC1FE1C8A85FE1F" box="[801,931,454,479]" captionStart="FIGURES 235" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1933,1954]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1511,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-527@4.[151,1436,1511,1908]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 235. Adlafia sinensis sp. nov., LM. 235. 34 valves showing the variation in valve outline, note the central raphe endings discernible only in some specimens. 29. Photograph of holotype. Scale bar (in Fig. 1) =10 μm for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13689500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13689500/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Figs 2735</figureCitation>
). Striae dense, uncountable.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="428B657B844FFFD0FF5DFE308A52FB4B" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" type="description">
<paragraph id="0A2E36F0844FFFD0FF5DFE308BF8FD1B" blockId="4.[136,1452,382,1451]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="38E5EAE2844FFFD0FF5DFE308825FDC3" bold="true" box="[189,259,490,515]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">SEM:</emphasis>
Valves lanceolate with rostrate to subcapitate apices (
<figureCitation id="92AA2A75844FFFD0FC93FE308ADFFDC3" box="[883,1017,490,515]" captionStart="FIGURES 3639" captionStartId="5.[136,243,1940,1961]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,190,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[153,1434,190,1915]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3639. Adlafia sinensis sp. nov., SEM. 3638. External view of valves, showing hooked terminal raphe fissures, the areolae covered by hymenes externally and two rows of poroids on the girdle band (Fig. 38, arrow). 39. The internal view of valve, note the deep mantles. Scale bars = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13689502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13689502/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Figs 3638</figureCitation>
). Axial area linear gently widening at central area (
<figureCitation id="92AA2A75844FFFD0FEFEFDD48885FDE7" box="[286,419,526,551]" captionStart="FIGURES 3639" captionStartId="5.[136,243,1940,1961]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,190,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[153,1434,190,1915]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3639. Adlafia sinensis sp. nov., SEM. 3638. External view of valves, showing hooked terminal raphe fissures, the areolae covered by hymenes externally and two rows of poroids on the girdle band (Fig. 38, arrow). 39. The internal view of valve, note the deep mantles. Scale bars = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13689502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13689502/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Figs 3638</figureCitation>
). Raphe with terminal fissures hooked towards secondary side; both fissures with slightly expanded central raphe endings bent towards primary side (
<figureCitation id="92AA2A75844FFFD0FCC5FDE88A8FFD8B" box="[805,937,562,587]" captionStart="FIGURES 3639" captionStartId="5.[136,243,1940,1961]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,190,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[153,1434,190,1915]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3639. Adlafia sinensis sp. nov., SEM. 3638. External view of valves, showing hooked terminal raphe fissures, the areolae covered by hymenes externally and two rows of poroids on the girdle band (Fig. 38, arrow). 39. The internal view of valve, note the deep mantles. Scale bars = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13689502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13689502/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Figs 3638</figureCitation>
). Striae uniseriate, radiate, becoming abruptly convergent approaching apices, continuing onto mantle (e.g.
<figureCitation id="92AA2A75844FFFD0FCD8FD8C8AA8FDAF" box="[824,910,598,623]" captionStart="FIGURES 4042" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1568,1589]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1543]" captionTargetId="figure-16@6.[151,1436,190,1543]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 4042. Adlafia sinensis sp.nov., SEM.4042.Three types of frustules.40. One very slightly dismembered frustule,showing the epivalve (EV), hypovalve (HV) and valvocopula (VC).41. One slightly dismembered frustule, showing the epivalve (EV), hypovalve (HV) and valvocopula (VC). Note the deep mantle, striae continuing onto the mantle, but seven striae located only on the mantle (arrowheads). 42. One dismembered frustule or a released frustule after new sibling valve formation, note the hypovalve (HV), the epivalve (EV), and the valvocopula (VC). Scale bars = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13689504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13689504/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Figs 41</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="92AA2A75844FFFD0FC7BFD8C8AC0FDAF" box="[923,998,598,623]" captionStart="FIGURES 4750" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1795,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,209,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-19@8.[151,1436,209,1769]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 4750. Adlafia sinensis sp. nov., SEM. 47. A dismembered frustule, showing the valvocopula with one row of areola on both the pars interior and pars exterior (arrow), and c. five striae located only on the mantle (arrows). 4850. Girdle view showing five striae located only on the mantle (arrows). Scale bars = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13689510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13689510/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">4750</figureCitation>
). A few shortened striae present on each side of central valve (
<figureCitation id="92AA2A75844FFFD0FE61FDA08B20FD53" box="[385,518,634,659]" captionStart="FIGURES 3639" captionStartId="5.[136,243,1940,1961]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,190,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[153,1434,190,1915]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3639. Adlafia sinensis sp. nov., SEM. 3638. External view of valves, showing hooked terminal raphe fissures, the areolae covered by hymenes externally and two rows of poroids on the girdle band (Fig. 38, arrow). 39. The internal view of valve, note the deep mantles. Scale bars = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13689502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13689502/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Figs 3638</figureCitation>
). Stria density 3236 (often 34) per 10 μm. Areolae round, occluded by hymenes outside (
<figureCitation id="92AA2A75844FFFD0FF07FD44884CFD77" box="[231,362,670,695]" captionStart="FIGURES 3639" captionStartId="5.[136,243,1940,1961]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,190,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[153,1434,190,1915]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3639. Adlafia sinensis sp. nov., SEM. 3638. External view of valves, showing hooked terminal raphe fissures, the areolae covered by hymenes externally and two rows of poroids on the girdle band (Fig. 38, arrow). 39. The internal view of valve, note the deep mantles. Scale bars = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13689502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13689502/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Figs 3638</figureCitation>
). Internally, both proximal raphe endings deflected towards primary side of valve and distal raphe endings terminating in small helictoglossae (
<figureCitation id="92AA2A75844FFFD0FD9DFD188BF7FD1B" box="[637,721,706,731]" captionStart="FIGURES 3639" captionStartId="5.[136,243,1940,1961]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,190,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[153,1434,190,1915]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3639. Adlafia sinensis sp. nov., SEM. 3638. External view of valves, showing hooked terminal raphe fissures, the areolae covered by hymenes externally and two rows of poroids on the girdle band (Fig. 38, arrow). 39. The internal view of valve, note the deep mantles. Scale bars = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13689502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13689502/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0A2E36F0844FFFD0FF5DFD3C8A52FB4B" blockId="4.[136,1452,382,1451]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
Frustule and girdle views: Frustules in girdle view rectangular composed of epivalve, hypovalve and valvocopula (
<figureCitation id="92AA2A75844FFFD0FF70FCD08837FCE3" box="[144,273,778,803]" captionStart="FIGURES 4042" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1568,1589]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1543]" captionTargetId="figure-16@6.[151,1436,190,1543]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 4042. Adlafia sinensis sp.nov., SEM.4042.Three types of frustules.40. One very slightly dismembered frustule,showing the epivalve (EV), hypovalve (HV) and valvocopula (VC).41. One slightly dismembered frustule, showing the epivalve (EV), hypovalve (HV) and valvocopula (VC). Note the deep mantle, striae continuing onto the mantle, but seven striae located only on the mantle (arrowheads). 42. One dismembered frustule or a released frustule after new sibling valve formation, note the hypovalve (HV), the epivalve (EV), and the valvocopula (VC). Scale bars = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13689504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13689504/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Figs 4042</figureCitation>
, EV, VC and HV respectively). Striae continuing onto deep mantle, c. 57 striae on mantle not continuous from valve (
<figureCitation id="92AA2A75844FFFD0FEF4FCF48841FC87" box="[276,359,814,839]" captionStart="FIGURES 4042" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1568,1589]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1543]" captionTargetId="figure-16@6.[151,1436,190,1543]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 4042. Adlafia sinensis sp.nov., SEM.4042.Three types of frustules.40. One very slightly dismembered frustule,showing the epivalve (EV), hypovalve (HV) and valvocopula (VC).41. One slightly dismembered frustule, showing the epivalve (EV), hypovalve (HV) and valvocopula (VC). Note the deep mantle, striae continuing onto the mantle, but seven striae located only on the mantle (arrowheads). 42. One dismembered frustule or a released frustule after new sibling valve formation, note the hypovalve (HV), the epivalve (EV), and the valvocopula (VC). Scale bars = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13689504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13689504/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
, arrowheads;
<figureCitation id="92AA2A75844FFFD0FDE5FCF48BA1FC87" box="[517,647,814,839]" captionStart="FIGURES 4750" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1795,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,209,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-19@8.[151,1436,209,1769]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 4750. Adlafia sinensis sp. nov., SEM. 47. A dismembered frustule, showing the valvocopula with one row of areola on both the pars interior and pars exterior (arrow), and c. five striae located only on the mantle (arrows). 4850. Girdle view showing five striae located only on the mantle (arrows). Scale bars = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13689510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13689510/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Figs 4750</figureCitation>
, arrows). Stria density on mantle 3740 per 10 μm due to c. 57 striae more than valve face. Mantle becomes abruptly narrow close to apex where 46 rows of areolae merge into one row distal to terminal raphe fissures (
<figureCitation id="92AA2A75844FFFD0FE19FCAC8B6AFC4F" box="[505,588,886,911]" captionStart="FIGURES 4042" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1568,1589]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1543]" captionTargetId="figure-16@6.[151,1436,190,1543]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 4042. Adlafia sinensis sp.nov., SEM.4042.Three types of frustules.40. One very slightly dismembered frustule,showing the epivalve (EV), hypovalve (HV) and valvocopula (VC).41. One slightly dismembered frustule, showing the epivalve (EV), hypovalve (HV) and valvocopula (VC). Note the deep mantle, striae continuing onto the mantle, but seven striae located only on the mantle (arrowheads). 42. One dismembered frustule or a released frustule after new sibling valve formation, note the hypovalve (HV), the epivalve (EV), and the valvocopula (VC). Scale bars = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13689504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13689504/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="92AA2A75844FFFD0FDB8FCAC8B8CFC4F" box="[600,682,886,911]" captionStart="FIGURES 4346" captionStartId="7.[136,243,1292,1313]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,207,1267]" captionTargetId="figure-14@7.[151,1436,206,1267]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 4346. Adlafia sinensis sp. nov., SEM. 43. Detail of Fig. 41, showing the hooked terminal raphe fissures continuing onto the mantle, open girdle band (arrow), and two rows of poroids become only one row distal the raphe fissure (curved arrow). 44. Detail of Fig. 40, showing the structure of the cingulum at the apex, note the valvocopulae (VC), two segmental bands (B2 and B3), and distinct gap. 45. Detail of Fig. 40, showing the deep mantle and the valvocopula connecting epivalve with the hypovalve. 46. Detail of Fig. 40, showing the structure of the cingulum at the apex, note the valvocopulae (VC), and distinct gap. Scale bars = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13689508" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13689508/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
, curved arrow). Valvocopula connects epivalve and hypovalve (
<figureCitation id="92AA2A75844FFFD0FA9AFCAC89F6FC73" captionStart="FIGURES 4042" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1568,1589]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1543]" captionTargetId="figure-16@6.[151,1436,190,1543]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 4042. Adlafia sinensis sp.nov., SEM.4042.Three types of frustules.40. One very slightly dismembered frustule,showing the epivalve (EV), hypovalve (HV) and valvocopula (VC).41. One slightly dismembered frustule, showing the epivalve (EV), hypovalve (HV) and valvocopula (VC). Note the deep mantle, striae continuing onto the mantle, but seven striae located only on the mantle (arrowheads). 42. One dismembered frustule or a released frustule after new sibling valve formation, note the hypovalve (HV), the epivalve (EV), and the valvocopula (VC). Scale bars = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13689504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13689504/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Figs 4041</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="92AA2A75844FFFD0FF3EFC40880FFC73" box="[222,297,922,947]" captionStart="FIGURES 4346" captionStartId="7.[136,243,1292,1313]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,207,1267]" captionTargetId="figure-14@7.[151,1436,206,1267]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 4346. Adlafia sinensis sp. nov., SEM. 43. Detail of Fig. 41, showing the hooked terminal raphe fissures continuing onto the mantle, open girdle band (arrow), and two rows of poroids become only one row distal the raphe fissure (curved arrow). 44. Detail of Fig. 40, showing the structure of the cingulum at the apex, note the valvocopulae (VC), two segmental bands (B2 and B3), and distinct gap. 45. Detail of Fig. 40, showing the deep mantle and the valvocopula connecting epivalve with the hypovalve. 46. Detail of Fig. 40, showing the structure of the cingulum at the apex, note the valvocopulae (VC), and distinct gap. Scale bars = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13689508" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13689508/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">4346</figureCitation>
). Two rows of poroids on valvocopula (
<figureCitation id="92AA2A75844FFFD0FD12FC408A60FC73" box="[754,838,922,947]" captionStart="FIGURES 3639" captionStartId="5.[136,243,1940,1961]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,190,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[153,1434,190,1915]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3639. Adlafia sinensis sp. nov., SEM. 3638. External view of valves, showing hooked terminal raphe fissures, the areolae covered by hymenes externally and two rows of poroids on the girdle band (Fig. 38, arrow). 39. The internal view of valve, note the deep mantles. Scale bars = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13689502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13689502/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
, arrow;
<figureCitation id="92AA2A75844FFFD0FC46FC408ADFFC73" box="[934,1017,922,947]" captionStart="FIGURES 4042" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1568,1589]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1543]" captionTargetId="figure-16@6.[151,1436,190,1543]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 4042. Adlafia sinensis sp.nov., SEM.4042.Three types of frustules.40. One very slightly dismembered frustule,showing the epivalve (EV), hypovalve (HV) and valvocopula (VC).41. One slightly dismembered frustule, showing the epivalve (EV), hypovalve (HV) and valvocopula (VC). Note the deep mantle, striae continuing onto the mantle, but seven striae located only on the mantle (arrowheads). 42. One dismembered frustule or a released frustule after new sibling valve formation, note the hypovalve (HV), the epivalve (EV), and the valvocopula (VC). Scale bars = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13689504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13689504/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
, VC;
<figureCitation id="92AA2A75844FFFD0FBDEFC408DB7FC73" box="[1086,1169,922,947]" captionStart="FIGURES 4750" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1795,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,209,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-19@8.[151,1436,209,1769]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 4750. Adlafia sinensis sp. nov., SEM. 47. A dismembered frustule, showing the valvocopula with one row of areola on both the pars interior and pars exterior (arrow), and c. five striae located only on the mantle (arrows). 4850. Girdle view showing five striae located only on the mantle (arrows). Scale bars = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13689510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13689510/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
, arrow), but in complete frustules, deep mantle covers one of two rows of valvocopula poroids located on pars interior of valvocopula, and only one row of poroids on pars exterior visible (
<figureCitation id="92AA2A75844FFFD0FD64FC388BFFFC3B" box="[644,729,994,1019]" captionStart="FIGURES 4042" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1568,1589]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1543]" captionTargetId="figure-16@6.[151,1436,190,1543]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 4042. Adlafia sinensis sp.nov., SEM.4042.Three types of frustules.40. One very slightly dismembered frustule,showing the epivalve (EV), hypovalve (HV) and valvocopula (VC).41. One slightly dismembered frustule, showing the epivalve (EV), hypovalve (HV) and valvocopula (VC). Note the deep mantle, striae continuing onto the mantle, but seven striae located only on the mantle (arrowheads). 42. One dismembered frustule or a released frustule after new sibling valve formation, note the hypovalve (HV), the epivalve (EV), and the valvocopula (VC). Scale bars = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13689504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13689504/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
, VC). Valvocopula composed of at least two parts that connect epivalve and hypovalve into a complete frustule; beneath the apices one part turns towards epivalve, the other turns towards hypovalve; both terminal ends of each part insert into the alternate part at inflection points of each (
<figureCitation id="92AA2A75844FFFD0FA9AFBF089DCFBA7" captionStart="FIGURES 4346" captionStartId="7.[136,243,1292,1313]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,207,1267]" captionTargetId="figure-14@7.[151,1436,206,1267]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 4346. Adlafia sinensis sp. nov., SEM. 43. Detail of Fig. 41, showing the hooked terminal raphe fissures continuing onto the mantle, open girdle band (arrow), and two rows of poroids become only one row distal the raphe fissure (curved arrow). 44. Detail of Fig. 40, showing the structure of the cingulum at the apex, note the valvocopulae (VC), two segmental bands (B2 and B3), and distinct gap. 45. Detail of Fig. 40, showing the deep mantle and the valvocopula connecting epivalve with the hypovalve. 46. Detail of Fig. 40, showing the structure of the cingulum at the apex, note the valvocopulae (VC), and distinct gap. Scale bars = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13689508" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13689508/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Figs 4344, 46</figureCitation>
, arrows). Valvocopula open due to its two parts not being fused at inflection points (
<figureCitation id="92AA2A75844FFFD0FB7BFB948C63FBA7" box="[1179,1349,1102,1127]" captionStart="FIGURES 4346" captionStartId="7.[136,243,1292,1313]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,207,1267]" captionTargetId="figure-14@7.[151,1436,206,1267]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 4346. Adlafia sinensis sp. nov., SEM. 43. Detail of Fig. 41, showing the hooked terminal raphe fissures continuing onto the mantle, open girdle band (arrow), and two rows of poroids become only one row distal the raphe fissure (curved arrow). 44. Detail of Fig. 40, showing the structure of the cingulum at the apex, note the valvocopulae (VC), two segmental bands (B2 and B3), and distinct gap. 45. Detail of Fig. 40, showing the deep mantle and the valvocopula connecting epivalve with the hypovalve. 46. Detail of Fig. 40, showing the structure of the cingulum at the apex, note the valvocopulae (VC), and distinct gap. Scale bars = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13689508" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13689508/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Figs 4344, 46</figureCitation>
, arrows). Two segmental bands occur only beneath apices (
<figureCitation id="92AA2A75844FFFD0FD52FBA88A2CFB4B" box="[690,778,1138,1163]" captionStart="FIGURES 4346" captionStartId="7.[136,243,1292,1313]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,207,1267]" captionTargetId="figure-14@7.[151,1436,206,1267]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 4346. Adlafia sinensis sp. nov., SEM. 43. Detail of Fig. 41, showing the hooked terminal raphe fissures continuing onto the mantle, open girdle band (arrow), and two rows of poroids become only one row distal the raphe fissure (curved arrow). 44. Detail of Fig. 40, showing the structure of the cingulum at the apex, note the valvocopulae (VC), two segmental bands (B2 and B3), and distinct gap. 45. Detail of Fig. 40, showing the deep mantle and the valvocopula connecting epivalve with the hypovalve. 46. Detail of Fig. 40, showing the structure of the cingulum at the apex, note the valvocopulae (VC), and distinct gap. Scale bars = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13689508" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13689508/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Figs 44</figureCitation>
, B
<figureCitation id="92AA2A75844FFFD0FCC9FBA88A41FB4B" box="[809,871,1138,1163]" captionStart="FIGURES 235" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1933,1954]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1511,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-527@4.[151,1436,1511,1908]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 235. Adlafia sinensis sp. nov., LM. 235. 34 valves showing the variation in valve outline, note the central raphe endings discernible only in some specimens. 29. Photograph of holotype. Scale bar (in Fig. 1) =10 μm for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13689500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13689500/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">2, B3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="428B657B844FFFD0FF5DFB4C887FFB37" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0A2E36F0844FFFD0FF5DFB4C887FFB37" blockId="4.[136,1452,382,1451]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="38E5EAE2844FFFD0FF5DFB4C8827FB6F" bold="true" box="[189,257,1174,1199]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Type:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="BAF93CAD844FFFD0FEFFFB4C8873FB37" collectingDate="2015-12-29" collectionCode="JIU, BM" country="China" county="Zhangjiajie National Forestry Park" elevation="482" latitude="29.327223" location="Laomowang" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="110.44222" municipality="Jinbian" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" specimenCode="G201607" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Hunan" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="72867660844FFFD0FEFFFB4C885CFB6F" box="[287,378,1174,1199]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">CHINA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="C855F812844FFFD0FE64FB4C88F5FB6F" box="[388,467,1174,1199]" country="China" name="Hunan" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Hunan</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="E34F4E7C844FFFD0FE3DFB4C8A42FB6F" box="[477,868,1174,1199]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Zhangjiajie National Forestry Park</collectingCounty>
, the course of
<collectingMunicipality id="EA4AAC8A844FFFD0FBE6FB4C8D71FB6F" box="[1030,1111,1174,1199]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Jinbian</collectingMunicipality>
brook, at
<location id="0F4E602B844FFFD0FB27FB4C8C70FB6F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:823887E6844FFFD0FF68FEE98A08FA6B:0F4E602B844FFFD0FB27FB4C8C70FB6F" box="[1223,1366,1174,1199]" country="China" county="Zhangjiajie National Forestry Park" latitude="29.327223" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="110.44222" municipality="Jinbian" name="Laomowang" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" stateProvince="Hunan">Laomowang</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="6FA55037844FFFD0FA81FB4C89F6FB13" degrees="29" direction="north" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" precision="15" seconds="38" value="29.327223">29°19 38” N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="6FA55037844FFFD0FF3DFB60885DFB13" box="[221,379,1210,1235]" degrees="110" direction="east" minutes="26" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" precision="15" seconds="32" value="110.44222">110°2632” E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="81BCD1C3844FFFD0FE68FB608B29FB13" box="[392,527,1210,1235]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.82" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="482.0">
<quantity id="CD699B15844FFFD0FE68FB6088F7FB13" box="[392,465,1210,1235]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.82" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="482.0">482 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
,
<emphasis id="38E5EAE2844FFFD0FDFDFB608B59FB13" box="[541,639,1210,1235]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
<location id="0F4E602B844FFFD0FDFDFB608B59FB13" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:823887E6844FFFD0FF68FEE98A08FA6B:0F4E602B844FFFD0FDFDFB608B59FB13" box="[541,639,1210,1235]" country="China" county="Zhangjiajie National Forestry Park" latitude="29.327223" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="110.44222" municipality="Jinbian" name="Bing Liu" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" stateProvince="Hunan">Bing Liu</location>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="38E5EAE2844FFFD0FD6FFB608A52FB13" box="[655,884,1208,1235]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
<date id="7E2F1030844FFFD0FD6FFB608A52FB13" box="[655,884,1208,1235]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" value="2015-12-29">
<collectingDate id="6E6BE9D8844FFFD0FD6FFB608A52FB13" box="[655,884,1208,1235]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" value="2015-12-29">
29
<superScript id="FDE49BB8844FFFD0FD4BFB628B9EFB06" attach="left" box="[683,696,1208,1222]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">th</superScript>
December 2015
</collectingDate>
</date>
</emphasis>
, (
<typeStatus id="D52A8852844FFFD0FC6CFB608AD6FB13" box="[908,1008,1210,1235]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="6C80AE35844FFFD0FC18FB608D00FB13" box="[1016,1062,1210,1235]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13402" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13402" name="Jishou University" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" type="Herbarium">JIU</collectionCode>
!
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=
<figureCitation id="92AA2A75844FFFD0FB5CFB608C36FB13" box="[1212,1296,1210,1235]" captionStart="FIGURES 235" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1933,1954]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1511,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-527@4.[151,1436,1511,1908]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 235. Adlafia sinensis sp. nov., LM. 235. 34 valves showing the variation in valve outline, note the central raphe endings discernible only in some specimens. 29. Photograph of holotype. Scale bar (in Fig. 1) =10 μm for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13689500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13689500/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
;
<typeStatus id="D52A8852844FFFD0FAFDFB608C48FB13" box="[1309,1390,1210,1235]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="6C80AE35844FFFD0FA96FB608C81FB13" box="[1398,1447,1210,1235]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bristol Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">BM</collectionCode>
! 101860 =
<figureCitation id="92AA2A75844FFFD0FF1AFB04886AFB37" box="[250,332,1246,1271]" captionStart="FIGURES 235" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1933,1954]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1511,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-527@4.[151,1436,1511,1908]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 235. Adlafia sinensis sp. nov., LM. 235. 34 valves showing the variation in valve outline, note the central raphe endings discernible only in some specimens. 29. Photograph of holotype. Scale bar (in Fig. 1) =10 μm for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13689500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13689500/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="428B657B844FFFD0FF5DFAD88D33FADB" box="[189,1045,1282,1307]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="0A2E36F0844FFFD0FF5DFAD88D33FADB" blockId="4.[136,1452,382,1451]" box="[189,1045,1282,1307]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="38E5EAE2844FFFD0FF5DFAD8886EFADB" bold="true" box="[189,328,1282,1307]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Etymology:</emphasis>
—Named after
<collectingCountry id="72867660844FFFD0FE16FAD88B1AFADB" box="[502,572,1282,1307]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">China</collectingCountry>
, the country where the species was found.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="428B657B844FFFD0FF5DFAFC8A08FA6B" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="0A2E36F0844FFFD0FF5DFAFC8A08FA6B" blockId="4.[136,1452,382,1451]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="38E5EAE2844FFFD0FF5DFAFC8867FAFF" bold="true" box="[189,321,1318,1343]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Ecology:—</emphasis>
The following environmental parameters were measured in the field. Conductivity was 102.7 ± 0.8 μS/cm, pH was 8.5 ± 0.7, and water temperature was 8.7 ± 0.2 °C. Since the diatom sample was scraped off the surfaces of stones and the water conductivity is near 100 μS/cm,
<taxonomicName id="CD914D73844FFFD0FCB6FAB48D2EFA47" authorityName="Bing Liu &amp; D. M. Williams" authorityYear="2017" box="[854,1032,1390,1415]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Adlafia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis id="38E5EAE2844FFFD0FCB6FAB48D2EFA47" box="[854,1032,1390,1415]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Adlafia sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be considered an epilithic diatom characteristic of moderate electrolyte content in freshwaters.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>